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Läppchen T, Bilinska A, Pilatis E, Menéndez E, Imlimthan S, Moon ES, Afshar-Oromieh A, Rösch F, Rominger A, Gourni E. Tailoring Fibroblast-Activation Protein Targeting for Theranostics: A Comparative Preclinical Evaluation of the 68Ga- and 177Lu-Labeled Monomeric and Dimeric Fibroblast-Activation Protein Inhibitors DOTA.SA.FAPi and DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi) 2. Molecules 2024; 29:3093. [PMID: 38999044 PMCID: PMC11243320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FAP radiopharmaceuticals show promise for cancer diagnosis; however, their limited tumor residency hinders treatment. This study compared two FAPi derivatives, DOTA.SA.FAPi and DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2, labeled with gallium-68 and lutetium-177, aiming to determine an optimum combination for creating theranostic pairs. METHODS The radiotracers were studied for lipophilicity, binding to human serum proteins, and binding to human cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in vitro, including saturation and internalization/externalization studies. PET/SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies were conducted in PC3 and U87MG xenografts for [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2. [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2, were evaluated in PC3 xenografts. Biodistribution studies of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi were performed in healthy male and female mice. RESULTS All radiotracers exhibited strong binding to FAP. Their internalization rate was fast while only [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 was retained longer in CAFs. [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 displayed elevated lipophilicity and affinity for human serum proteins compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPi. In vivo studies revealed slower washout of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 within 3 h compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi. The tumor-to-tissue ratios of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 versus [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi did not exhibit any significant differences. [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 maintained a significant tumor uptake even after 96 h p.i. compared to [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPi. CONCLUSIONS Dimeric compounds hold promise for therapy, while monomers are better suited for diagnostics. Finding the right combination is essential for effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Läppchen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Adrianna Bilinska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Eirinaios Pilatis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Elena Menéndez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Surachet Imlimthan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Eleni Gourni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.L.); (A.B.); (E.P.); (E.M.); (S.I.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
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Capuozzo M, Santorsola M, Ianniello M, Ferrara F, Zovi A, Petrillo N, Castiello R, Fantuz MR, Ottaiano A, Savarese G. Innovative Drug Modalities for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. Diseases 2024; 12:87. [PMID: 38785742 PMCID: PMC11119780 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, a prevalent malignancy affecting the prostate gland, is a significant global health concern. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) has proven effective in controlling advanced disease, with over 50% of patients surviving at the 10-year mark. However, a diverse spectrum of responses exists, and resistance to ADT may emerge over time. This underscores the need to explore innovative treatment strategies for effectively managing prostate cancer progression. Ongoing research endeavors persist in unraveling the complexity of prostate cancer and fostering the development of biologic and innovative approaches, including immunotherapies and targeted therapies. This review aims to provide a valuable synthesis of the dynamic landscape of emerging drug modalities in this context. Interestingly, the complexities posed by prostate cancer not only present a formidable challenge but also serve as a model and an opportunity for translational research and innovative therapies in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Capuozzo
- Coordinamento Farmaceutico, ASL-Naples-3, 80056 Ercolano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Monica Ianniello
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (N.P.); (R.C.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Coordinamento Farmaceutico, ASL-Naples-3, 80056 Ercolano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Andrea Zovi
- Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nadia Petrillo
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (N.P.); (R.C.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Rosa Castiello
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (N.P.); (R.C.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Fantuz
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, 80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (N.P.); (R.C.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Savarese
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Tishchenko VK, Vlasova OP, Lebedeva AA, Fedorova AV, Pankratov AA, Morozova NB, Kuzenkova KA, Stepchenkova ED, Shegai PV, Ivanov SA, Kaprin AD. Preclinical Study of Therapeutic Efficacy of a New Russian Radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 176:224-226. [PMID: 38191882 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-05999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of a Russian radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA was studied in vivo using male BALB/c nu/nu (nude) mice with prostate carcinoma 22Rv1 xenografts by tumor growth inhibition criterion. The mean tumor volumes in mice treated with 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA were significantly lower than in animals of the control group. There were no significant differences in the values of tumor growth inhibition between the groups of animals receiving 3.7 or 7.4 MBq of 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Tishchenko
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia.
| | - O P Vlasova
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - A A Lebedeva
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - A V Fedorova
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - A A Pankratov
- P. A. Gertsen Moscow Research Oncological Institute - Branch of National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N B Morozova
- P. A. Gertsen Moscow Research Oncological Institute - Branch of National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K A Kuzenkova
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - E D Stepchenkova
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - P V Shegai
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - S A Ivanov
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center - Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- P. A. Gertsen Moscow Research Oncological Institute - Branch of National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Şahin E, Kefeli U, Zorlu Ş, Seyyar M, Ozkorkmaz Akdag M, Can Sanci P, Karakayali A, Ucuncu Kefeli A, Bakkal Temi Y, Cabuk D, Uygun K. Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and pan-immune-inflammation value in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who underwent 177Lu-PSMA-617. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35843. [PMID: 38013293 PMCID: PMC10681561 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of inflammation indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients who had received lutetium labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (177Lu-PSMA-617) therapy. Sixty-one mCRPC patients who received 177Lu-PSMA-617 treatment and followed up in Kocaeli University were included. The relationship between overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical and laboratory parameters was analyzed by multivariate analyses. The mean age was 69.8 ± 6.9 years. The mean follow-up time was 53.2 ± 24 months. The median OS was 14 (95% CI: 8.8-18.1) and the median PFS was 10.4 (95% CI: 4.7-17.2) months. NLR ≥ 2.7, PLR ≥ 134.27, SII ≥ 570.39, PIV ≥ 408.59 were considered as elevated levels. In the multivariate analysis for OS, baseline ECOG performance score (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.65, P = .046), high albümin (HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.82, P = .015), primary resistant total prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) (HR: 4.37, 95% CI: 1.84-10.35, P = .001), high NLR (HR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.66-6.65, P = .001), high MLR (HR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.35-4.76, P = .004), high PLR (HR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.23-4.96, P = .01), and high SII (HR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.09-4.32, P = .027) were associated with shorter OS. However, PIV was not associated with survival (P = .69). No factor other than the primer-resistant PSA could be identified as having an impact on PFS (for the PSA, HR: 4.52, 95% CI: 1.89-10.76, P = .001). In this study, pretreatment NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII demonstrate as powerful independent prognostic indices predicting survival in patients with mCRPC receiving 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Şahin
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Umut Kefeli
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Şevket Zorlu
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Seyyar
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Pervin Can Sanci
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Anil Karakayali
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Ucuncu Kefeli
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bakkal Temi
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Devrim Cabuk
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kazim Uygun
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Zhang JY, Wang YT, Sun L, Wang SQ, Chen ZS. Synthesis and clinical application of new drugs approved by FDA in 2022. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:26. [PMID: 37661221 PMCID: PMC10475455 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry had a glorious year in 2022, with a total of 37 new drugs including 20 new chemical entities (NCEs) and 17 new biological entities (NBEs) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These drugs are mainly concentrated in oncology, central nervous system, antiinfection, hematology, cardiomyopathy, dermatology, digestive system, ophthalmology, MRI enhancer and other therapeutic fields. Of the 37 drugs, 25 (68%) were approved through an expedited review pathway, and 19 (51%) were approved to treat rare diseases. These newly listed drugs have unique structures and new mechanisms of action, which can serve as lead compounds for designing new drugs with similar biological targets and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to outline the clinical applications and synthetic methods of 19 NCEs newly approved by the FDA in 2022, but excludes contrast agent (Xenon Xe-129). We believe that an in-depth understanding of the synthetic methods of drug molecules will provide innovative and practical inspiration for the development of new, more effective, and practical synthetic techniques. According to the therapeutic areas of these 2022 FDA-approved drugs, we have classified these 19 NCEs into seven categories and will introduce them in the order of their approval for marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
- Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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Jadvar H, Colletti PM. Clinical Trials of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Radiopharmaceutical Therapy. J Nucl Med Technol 2023; 51:16-21. [PMID: 36599704 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.122.264928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) theranostics has been a momentous triumph for nuclear medicine. The recent approvals of PSMA-targeted imaging agents (68Ga-PSMA-11, 18F-DCFPyL) and radiopharmaceutical therapy (177Lu-PSMA-617) have paved the way for theranostics as a viable care strategy for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The imaging clinical trials OSPREY, CONDOR, and those conducted at the University of California (Los Angeles and San Francisco), as well as the randomized phase 3 therapy trial VISION, have been the fruitful beginnings for PSMA theranostics. There are currently several ongoing clinical trials to expand the reach of PSMA theranostics to the earlier phases of prostate cancer and to optimize its utility in combination therapeutic regimens. We provide a brief narrative review of the many PSMA-directed radiopharmaceutical therapy clinical trials with the β-emitter 177Lu-PSMA-617 and the α-emitter 225Ac-PSMA-617 in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick M Colletti
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Fundamentals of Rhenium-188 Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031487. [PMID: 36771153 PMCID: PMC9921938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The β- emitter, rhenium-188 (188Re), has long been recognized as an attractive candidate for targeted cancer radionuclide therapy (TRNT). This transition metal shares chemical similarities with its congener element technetium, whose nuclear isomer technetium-99m (99mTc) is the current workhorse of diagnostic nuclear medicine. The differences between these two elements have a significant impact on the radiolabelling methods and should always receive critical attention. This review aims to highlight what needs to be considered to design a successful radiopharmaceutical incorporating 118Re. Some of the most effective strategies for preparing therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals with 188Re are illustrated and rationalized using the concept of the inorganic functional group (core) and a simple ligand field theoretical model combined with a qualitative definition of frontiers orbitals. Of special interest are the Re(V) oxo and Re(V) nitrido functional groups. Suitable ligands for binding to these cores are discussed, successful clinical applications are summarized, and a prediction of viable future applications is presented. Rhenium-188 decays through the emission of a high energy beta particle (2.12 MeV max energy) and a half-life of 16.9 h. An ideal biological target would therefore be a high-capacity target site (transporters, potential gradients, tumour microenvironment) with less emphasis on saturable targets such as overexpressed receptors on smaller metastases.
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Exceptional Response of Rare Plasmacytoid Variant Prostate Cancer Post 177Lu-PSMA Therapy Seen on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:e69-e70. [PMID: 36607375 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plasmacytoid is a rare variant of acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma. The aggressive type is characterized by an aggressive clinical course, lack of responsiveness to hormonal therapies, and an overall poor prognosis. Here we present pretherapy and posttherapy 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT images showing an exceptional response to 177Lu-PSMA therapy. This case demonstrates the usefulness of both 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in assessing the tumor PSMA avidity and the potential of 177Lu-PSMA therapy in these patients.
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Sakellakis M, Spathas N, Tsaousis KT, Nikitiadis EN, Linardou H, Diakonis VF. Potential Ophthalmological Side Effects Induced by Anti-Neoplastic Regimens for the Treatment of Genitourinary Cancers: A Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27266. [PMID: 36039252 PMCID: PMC9403378 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of patients with genitourinary (GU) cancers have been steadily improving in recent years. Novel therapies have entered our armamentarium, while several other regimens are currently being studied in clinical trials. This recent explosion of new agents has improved patient survival and the quality of life for patients, but has also significantly increased the frequency of several side effects. The current review will focus on the potential ocular adverse reactions of GU neoplastic treatments. The broad spectrum of manifestations of ocular toxicity underscores the uniqueness and complexity of the anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic features of the human eye. Most side effects are mild in severity and transient, but some can be severe, disabling, and irreversible. Clinicians should be aware of complications that might be vision threatening and impact the patient's quality of life. In this review, we focused on the ocular toxicity of the antineoplastic regimens that are currently used for the treatment of GU, including prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, pheochromocytoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and penile cancer.
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