1
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Liu S, Chen H, Xie H, Liu X, Zhang M. Substrate Stiffness Modulates Stemness and Differentiation of Rabbit Corneal Endothelium Through the Paxillin-YAP Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:15. [PMID: 38466286 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the role of substrate stiffness and the mechanism beneath corneal endothelial cells' (CECs') stemness maintenance and differentiation. Methods CECs were divided into central zone (8 mm trephined boundary) and peripheral zone (8 mm trephined edge with attached limbal). Two zones were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy for anatomic structure. The elastic modulus of Descemet's membrane (DM) was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Compressed type I collagen gels with different stiffness were constructed as an in vitro model system to test the role of stiffness on phenotype using cultured rabbit CECs. Cell morphology, expression and intracellular distribution of Yes-associated protein (YAP), differentiation (ZO-1, Na+/K+-ATPase), stemness (FOXD3, CD34, Sox2, Oct3/4), and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EnMT) markers were analyzed by immunofluorescence, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot. Results The results showed that the peripheral area of rabbit and human DM is softer than the central area ex vivo. Using the biomimetic extracellular matrix collagen gels in vitro model, we then demonstrated that soft substrate weakens the differentiation and EnMT in the culture of CECs. It was further proved by the inhibitor experiment that soft substrate enhances stemness maintenance via inhibition of paxillin-YAP signaling, which was activated on a stiff substrate. Conclusions Our findings confirm that substrate stiffness modulates the stemness maintenance and differentiation of CECs and suggest a potential strategy for CEC-based corneal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huatao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingchang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Song D, Yang Q, Li X, Chen K, Tong J, Shen Y. The role of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in acquired corneal diseases. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109748. [PMID: 38081573 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Acquired corneal diseases such as dry eye disease (DED), keratitis and corneal alkali burns are significant contributors to vision impairment worldwide, and more effective and innovative therapies are urgently needed. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway plays an indispensable role in cell metabolism, inflammation and the immune response. Studies have shown that regulators of this pathway are extensively expressed in the cornea, inducing significant activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling in specific acquired corneal diseases. The activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling contributes to various pathophysiological processes in the cornea, including inflammation, neovascularization, fibrosis, and wound healing. In the context of DED, the hypertonic environment activates JAK/STAT3 signaling to stimulate corneal inflammation. Inflammation and injury progression in infectious keratitis can also be modulated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, JAK/STAT3 signaling is involved in every stage of corneal repair after alkali burns, including acute inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Treatments modulating JAK/STAT3 signaling have shown promising results in attenuating corneal damage, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target. Thus, this review emphasizes the multiple roles of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in common acquired corneal disorders and summarizes the current achievements of JAK/STAT3-targeting therapy to provide new insights into future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Lin Y, Su H, Zou B, Huang M. EZH2 Promotes Corneal Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by Mediating H3K27me3 and Inhibiting HO-1 Transcription. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1122-1132. [PMID: 37800319 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2257401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to explore the molecular mechanism of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2)-mediated H3K27me3 in human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) apoptosis by inhibiting Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) transcription to provide a potential target for the treatment of corneal apoptosis. METHODS HCECs were cultured in vitro and transfected with si-EZH2, pcDNA3.1-EZH2, pcDNA3.1-HO-1, GSK-J4 (an effective H3K27me3 demethylase inhibitor), and corresponding controls. Western Blot assay was used to detect the levels of EZH2, HO-1, H3K27me3, and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and Cleaved-caspase-3) in HCECs; CCK-8 assay was conducted to detect cell viability and flow cytometry to analyze the apoptosis. HO-1 mRNA levels were detected by RT-qPCR and changes in H3K27me3 levels on the HO-1 promoter were detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS HCECs transfected with si-EZH2 showed significantly lower EZH2 mRNA and protein levels, higher HCEC viability, lower apoptosis rates, higher antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression, lower proapoptotic protein (Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3) levels, and significantly higher HO-1 expression. HCECs transfected with pcDNA3.1-EZH2 showed the opposite results. EZH2 repressed HO-1 transcription by mediating H3K27me3. H3K27me27 was enriched in the HO-1 promoter and overexpression of EZH2 increased H3K27me27 levels. Promotion of H3K27me3 partially reversed the mitigating effect of si-EZH2 on HCEC apoptosis. Overexpression of HO-1 partially reversed the apoptosis-promoting effects of EZH2 and H3K27me3 on HCECs. CONCLUSIONS EZH2 promotes HCE cell apoptosis by mediating H3K27me3 to inhibit HO-1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Huanjun Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Baoyi Zou
- Department of Optometry, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Minli Huang
- Department of Optometry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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4
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Kanmani P, Elkafas HEH, Ghazal M, Minshall RD, Hu G. p120-Catenin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L596-L608. [PMID: 36880663 PMCID: PMC10085560 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00328.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation is of central importance for the process of generation of overwhelming inflammatory response and the pathogenesis of sepsis. The intrinsic molecular mechanism for controlling inflammasome activation is still poorly understood. Here we investigated the role of p120-catenin expression in macrophages in regulating nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)- and pyrin domain-containing proteins 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Depletion of p120-catenin in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages enhanced caspase-1 activation and secretion of active interleukin (IL)-1β in response to ATP stimulation following LPS priming. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that p120-catenin deletion promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation by accelerating the assembly of the inflammasome complex comprised of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and pro-caspase-1. Depletion of p120-catenin also increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species nearly completely abolished NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase-1 activation, and the production of IL-1β in p120-catenin-depleted macrophages. Furthermore, p120-catenin ablation significantly disrupted mitochondrial function, evidenced by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lower production of intracellular ATP. In alveolar macrophage-depleted mice challenged with cecal ligation and puncture, pulmonary transplantation of p120-catenin-deficient macrophages dramatically enhanced the accumulation of IL-1β and IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results demonstrate that p120-catenin prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in response to endotoxin insult. Thus, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by stabilization of p120-catenin expression in macrophages may be a novel strategy to prevent an uncontrolled inflammatory response in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Kanmani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Hoda El-Hossiny Elkafas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Muhammed Ghazal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Guochang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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5
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Hazra S, Sneha IV, Chaurasia S, Ramachandran C. In Vitro Expansion of Corneal Endothelial Cells for Clinical Application: Current Update. Cornea 2022; 41:1313-1324. [PMID: 36107851 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Endothelial dysfunction is one of the leading causes of corneal blindness and one of the common indications for keratoplasty. At present, the standard of treatment involves the replacement of the dysfunctional endothelium with healthy tissue taken from a donor. Because there is a paucity of healthy donor tissues, research on the corneal endothelium has focused primarily on expanding these cells in the laboratory for transplantation in an attempt to reduce the gap between the demand and supply of donor tissues for transplantation. To expand these cells, which are nonmitotic in vivo, various mitogens, substrates, culture systems, and alternate strategies have been tested with varying success. The biggest challenge has been the limited proliferative capacity of these cells compounded with endothelial to mesenchymal transition that alters the functioning of these cells and renders them unsuitable for human transplantation. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the most common and successful techniques used in the culture of the cells, the current available evidence in support of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), alternate sources for deriving the corneal endothelial cells, and advances made in transplantation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatilekha Hazra
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India ; and
| | - Iskala V Sneha
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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6
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Liang Z, Han G, Luo Z, Li B, Liu W, Shen C. Effects of Periplaneta americana extracts on the growth and proliferation of cutaneous interstitial cells in cutaneous-wound healing. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:920855. [PMID: 36105218 PMCID: PMC9465176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.920855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous-wound healing requires a coordinated reaction of multiple cells, including interstitial cells. Impaired recovery of cutaneous wounds can lead to various adverse health outcomes. Kangfuxin (KFX), an extract obtained from Periplaneta americana, is beneficial in cutaneous-wound healing. In this study, we isolated dermal cells from suckling mice and established a mouse model of cutaneous injury to evaluate the therapeutic effects of KFX. Cell biology experiments indicated that treatment with KFX improved cell proliferation and migration and also repaired cutaneous wounds in the animal model. Activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway was the core molecular mechanism of KFX. Our study provides a theoretical and practical basis for the clinical application of KFX in cutaneous-wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiqi Han
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zecheng Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chongyang Shen,
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7
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Zhang Y, Hu Z, Qu J, Xie H, Zhao J, Fan T, Liu X, Zhang M. Tissue-Engineered Corneal Endothelial Sheets Using Ultrathin Acellular Porcine Corneal Stroma Substrates for Endothelial Keratoplasty. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1301-1311. [PMID: 35229601 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered cornea endothelial sheets (TECES), created using a biocompatible thin and transparent carrier with corneal endothelial cells, could alleviate the shortage of donor corneas and provide abundant functional endothelial cells. In our previous clinical trials, the effectiveness and safety of the acellular porcine corneal stroma (APCS) applied in lamellar keratoplasty have been confirmed. In this study, we optimized the method to cut APCS into multiple 20 μm ultrathin lamellae by a cryostat microtome and investigated the feasibility of TECES by seeding rabbit corneal endothelial cells (RCECs) on ultrathin APCS. Cell adhesion, proliferation, and functional gene expression of RCECs on tissue-culture plastic and APCS of different thicknesses were compared. The results indicated that ultrathin lamellae were superior in increasing cell viability and maintaining cell functions. Analyzing with histology, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence, we found that RCECs cultured on 20 μm ultrathin APCS for 5 days grew into a confluent monolayer with a density of 3726 ± 223 cells/mm2 and expressed functional biomarkers Na+/K+-ATPase and zonula occludens. After 14 days, RCECs formed an early stage of Descemet's membrane-like structure by synthesizing collagen IV and laminin. Human corneal endothelial cells were also used to further validate the supportive effect of ultrathin APCS on cells. The resulting constructs were flexible and tough enough to implant into rabbits' anterior chambers through small incisions. TECES adhered to the posterior corneal stroma, and the thickness of cornea gradually reduced to normal after grafting. These results indicate that the ultrathin APCS can serve as a tissue engineering carrier and might be a suitable alternative for endothelial cells expansion in endothelial keratoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhixin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingyu Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huatao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tingjun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingchang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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8
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Zhang A, Aslam H, Sharma N, Warmflash A, Fakhouri WD. Conservation of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Process in Neural Crest Cells and Metastatic Cancer. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:151-172. [PMID: 34218225 DOI: 10.1159/000516466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved cellular process in several species, from worms to humans. EMT plays a fundamental role in early embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. For neural crest cell (NCC) development, EMT typically results in forming a migratory and potent cell population that generates a wide variety of cell and tissue, including cartilage, bone, connective tissue, endocrine cells, neurons, and glia amongst many others. The degree of conservation between the signaling pathways that regulate EMT during development and metastatic cancer (MC) has not been fully established, despite ample studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis dissects the major signaling pathways involved in EMT of NCC development and MC to unravel the similarities and differences. While the FGF, TGFβ/BMP, SHH, and NOTCH pathways have been rigorously investigated in both systems, the EGF, IGF, HIPPO, Factor Receptor Superfamily, and their intracellular signaling cascades need to be the focus of future NCC studies. In general, meta-analyses of the associated signaling pathways show a significant number of overlapping genes (particularly ligands, transcription regulators, and targeted cadherins) involved in each signaling pathway of both systems without stratification by body segments and cancer type. Lack of stratification makes it difficult to meaningfully evaluate the intracellular downstream effectors of each signaling pathway. Finally, pediatric neuroblastoma and melanoma are NCC-derived malignancies, which emphasize the importance of uncovering the EMT events that convert NCC into treatment-resistant malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hira Aslam
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neha Sharma
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Khalili M, Asadi M, Kahroba H, Soleyman MR, Andre H, Alizadeh E. Corneal endothelium tissue engineering: An evolution of signaling molecules, cells, and scaffolds toward 3D bioprinting and cell sheets. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3275-3303. [PMID: 33090510 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cornea is an avascular and transparent tissue that focuses light on retina. Cornea is supported by the corneal-endothelial layer through regulation of hydration homeostasis. Restoring vision in patients afflicted with corneal endothelium dysfunction-mediated blindness most often requires corneal transplantation (CT), which faces considerable constrictions due to donor limitations. An emerging alternative to CT is corneal endothelium tissue engineering (CETE), which involves utilizing scaffold-based methods and scaffold-free strategies. The innovative scaffold-free method is cell sheet engineering, which typically generates cell layers surrounded by an intact extracellular matrix, exhibiting tunable release from the stimuli-responsive surface. In some studies, scaffold-based or scaffold-free technologies have been reported to achieve promising outcomes. However, yet some issues exist in translating CETE from bench to clinical practice. In this review, we compare different corneal endothelium regeneration methods and elaborate on the application of multiple cell types (stem cells, corneal endothelial cells, and endothelial precursors), signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, chemical compounds, and small RNAs), and natural and synthetic scaffolds for CETE. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of three-dimensional bioprinting strategies and simulation of Descemet's membrane by biomimetic topography. Finally, we dissected the recent advances, applications, and prospects of cell sheet engineering for CETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khalili
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Biomedicine Institute, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleyman
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Helder Andre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Santos GC, Silva DN, Fortuna V, Silveira BM, Orge ID, de Santana TA, Sampaio GL, Paredes BD, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos R, Soares MBP. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) Overexpression Increases the Angiogenic Potential of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:778. [PMID: 32923442 PMCID: PMC7456813 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have the ability to secrete bioactive molecules, exerting multiple biological effects, such as tissue regeneration, reduction of inflammation, and neovascularization. The therapeutic potential of MSCs can be increased by genetic modification to overexpress cytokines and growth factors. Here we produced mouse MSCs overexpressing human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to assess their proangiogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. Mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were transduced by using a second-generation lentiviral system to express human LIF. Leukemia inhibitory factor expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR and by ELISA, allowing the quantification of the transcript and secreted protein, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis and trilineage differentiation assay showed that the MSC_LIF cell line maintained the immunophenotype and a multipotency characteristic of MSCs. The immunosuppressive activity of MSC_LIF was confirmed using a lymphoproliferation assay. Moreover, gene expression analysis demonstrated upregulation of genes coding for strategic factors in the neovascularization process, such as angiogenin, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF, and for the perivascular cell markers αSMA, Col4a1, SM22, and NG2. To evaluate the pro-angiogenic potential of MSC_LIF, we first tested its effects on endothelial cells obtained from umbilical vein in a scratch wound healing assay. Conditioned medium (CM) from MSC_LIF promoted a significant increase in cell migration compared to CM from control MSC. Additionally, in vitro tube formation of endothelial cells was increased by the presence of MSC_LIF, as shown in microvessel sprouting in aortic ring cultures. Finally, an in vivo Matrigel plug assay was performed, showing that MSC_LIF were more potent in promoting in vivo angiogenesis and tissue vascularization than control MSCs. In conclusion, LIF overexpression is a promising strategy to increase the proangiogenic potential of MSCs and sets precedents for future investigations of their potential applications for the treatment of ischemic diseases and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girlaine Café Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nascimento Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vitor Fortuna
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Iasmim Diniz Orge
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thaís Alves de Santana
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Zhang H, Wang K, Gao T, Zhang R, Cai Z, Liu J, Ma H, Zhang W. Controlled release of bFGF loaded into electrospun core–shell fibrous membranes for use in guided tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:035021. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab7979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Kang X, Li C. Landscape inferred from gene expression data governs pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:366-374. [PMID: 32128066 PMCID: PMC7044515 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into diverse cell types and have the ability of self-renewal. Therefore, the study of cell fate decisions on embryonic stem cells has far-reaching significance for regenerative medicine and other biomedical fields. Mathematical models have been used to study emryonic stem cell differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms of cell differentiation and lineage reprogramming remain to be elucidated. Especially, how to integrate the computational models with quantitative experimental data is still challenging. In this work, we developed a data-constrained modelling approach, and established a model of mouse embryonic stem cells. We used the truncated moment equations (TME) method to quantify the potential landscape of the ESC network. We identified two attractors on the landscape, which represent the embryonic stem cell (ESC) state and differentiated cell (DC) state, respectively, and quantified high dimensional biological paths for differentiation and reprogramming process. Through identifying the optimal combinations of gene targets based on a landscape control strategy, we offered some predictions about the key regulatory factors that govern the differentiation and reprogramming in ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhe Li
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Zhu Q, Zhang Y, Tighe S, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Hu M. Human Trabecular Meshwork Progenitors. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:704-710. [PMID: 31217738 PMCID: PMC6566744 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.32089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork (TM) cells are a group of progenitors that have the ability to become adipocytes, chondrocytes and endothelial cells. Therefore, those adult corneal progenitors may be used as an effective therapy for trabecular meshwork diseases such as glaucoma, corneal endothelial dysfunctions such as blindness due to corneal endothelial dysfunction, and similar diseases. In order to promote the understanding of human trabecular meshwork progenitors, this article reviews human trabecular meshwork progenitor therapy and discusses its potential applications for curing human eye blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province); Yunnan Eye Institute; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of ophthalmology (2017DG008); Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (2017HC010); Expert Workstation of Yao Ke (2017IC064), Kunming 650021, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33173 USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33173 USA
| | - Yongsong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan' An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33173 USA
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province); Yunnan Eye Institute; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of ophthalmology (2017DG008); Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (2017HC010); Expert Workstation of Yao Ke (2017IC064), Kunming 650021, China
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14
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Ebersole JL, Peyyala R, Gonzalez OA. Biofilm-induced profiles of immune response gene expression by oral epithelial cells. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34. [PMID: 30407731 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the oral epithelial immunotranscriptome response patterns modulated by oral bacterial planktonic or biofilm challenge. We assessed gene expression patterns when epithelial cells were challenged with a multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis representing a type of periodontopathic biofilm compared to challenge with the same species of planktonic bacteria. Of the 579 human immunology genes, a substantial signal of the epithelial cells was observed to 181 genes. Biofilm challenged stimulated significant elevations compared to planktonic bacteria for IL32, IL8, CD44, B2M, TGFBI, NFKBIA, IL1B, CD59, IL1A, CCL20 representing the top 10 signals comprising 55% of the overall signal for the epithelial cell responses. Levels of PLAU, CD9, IFITM1, PLAUR, CD24, TNFSF10, and IL1RN were all elevated by each of the planktonic bacterial challenge vs the biofilm responses. While the biofilms up-regulated 123/579 genes (>2-fold), fewer genes were increased by the planktonic species (36 [S gordonii], 30 [F nucleatum], 44 [P gingivalis]). A wide array of immune genes were regulated by oral bacterial challenge of epithelial cells that would be linked to the local activity of innate and adaptive immune response components in the gingival tissues. Incorporating bacterial species into a structured biofilm dramatically altered the number and level of genes expressed. Additionally, a specific set of genes were significantly decreased with the multispecies biofilms suggesting that some epithelial cell biologic pathways are down-regulated when in contact with this type of pathogenic biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada.,College of Dentistry, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca Peyyala
- College of Dentistry, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- College of Dentistry, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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15
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Hara S, Kawasaki S, Yoshihara M, Winegarner A, Busch C, Tsujikawa M, Nishida K. Transcription factor TFAP2B up-regulates human corneal endothelial cell-specific genes during corneal development and maintenance. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:2460-2469. [PMID: 30552118 PMCID: PMC6378988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal endothelium, which originates from the neural crest via the periocular mesenchyme (PM), is crucial for maintaining corneal transparency. The development of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) from the neural crest is accompanied by the expression of several transcription factors, but the contribution of some of these transcriptional regulators to CEC development is incompletely understood. Here, we focused on activating enhancer-binding protein 2 (TFAP2, AP-2), a neural crest-expressed transcription factor. Using semiquantitative/quantitative RT-PCR and reporter gene and biochemical assays, we found that, within the AP-2 family, the TFAP2B gene is the only one expressed in human CECs in vivo and that its expression is strongly localized to the peripheral region of the corneal endothelium. Furthermore, the TFAP2B protein was expressed both in vivo and in cultured CECs. During mouse development, TFAP2B expression began in the PM at embryonic day 11.5 and then in CECs during adulthood. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TFAP2B in CECs decreased the expression of the corneal endothelium-specific proteins type VIII collagen α2 (COL8A2) and zona pellucida glycoprotein 4 (ZP4) and suppressed cell proliferation. Of note, we also found that TFAP2B binds to the promoter of the COL8A2 and ZP4 genes. Furthermore, CECs that highly expressed ZP4 also highly expressed both TFAP2B and COL8A2 and showed high cell proliferation. These findings suggest that TFAP2B transcriptionally regulates CEC-specific genes and therefore may be an important transcriptional regulator of corneal endothelial development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Hara
- From the Departments of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine and
- Ophthalmology and
| | | | - Masahito Yoshihara
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan, and
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | - Motokazu Tsujikawa
- Ophthalmology and
- Division of Health Sciences Area of Medical Technology and Science, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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STAT3 signaling maintains homeostasis through a barrier function and cell survival in corneal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Chen S, Zhu Q, Sun H, Zhang Y, Tighe S, Xu L, Zhu Y. Advances in culture, expansion and mechanistic studies of corneal endothelial cells: a systematic review. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:2. [PMID: 30609919 PMCID: PMC6320592 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells are notorious for their restricted proliferative ability in vivo and in vitro. Hence, injury or dysfunction of these cells may easily result in blindness. Currently, the only treatment is to transplant a donor cornea that contains a healthy corneal endothelium. However there is a severe global shortage of donor corneas and there remains an unmet clinical need to engineer human corneal grafts with healthy corneal endothelium. In this review, we present current advances in the culture, expansion, and molecular understandings of corneal endothelial cells in vitro in order to help establish methods of engineering human corneal endothelial grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling Chen
- Tissue Tech, Inc., 7235 Corporate Center Drive, Suite B, Miami, Florida, 33126, USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province), Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology, Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Expert Workstation of Yao Ke, Yunnan Eye Institute, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Tissue Tech, Inc., 7235 Corporate Center Drive, Suite B, Miami, Florida, 33126, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Tissue Tech, Inc., 7235 Corporate Center Drive, Suite B, Miami, Florida, 33126, USA
| | - Li Xu
- The Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Tongdao North Rd, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Tissue Tech, Inc., 7235 Corporate Center Drive, Suite B, Miami, Florida, 33126, USA.
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18
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Zhu Q, Sun H, Yang D, Tighe S, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Hu M. Cellular Substrates for Cell-Based Tissue Engineering of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1072-1077. [PMID: 31523168 PMCID: PMC6743271 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial tissue engineering aims to find solutions for blindness due to endothelial dysfunction. A suitable combination of endothelial cells, substrates and environmental cues should be deployed for engineering functional endothelial tissues. This manuscript reviews up-to-date topics of corneal endothelial tissue engineering with special emphasis on biomaterial substrates and their properties, efficacy, and mechanisms of supporting functional endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University); Yunnan Eye Institute; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of ophthalmology (2017DG008); Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease (2017HC010); Expert Workstation of Yao Ke (2017IC064), Kunming 650021, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University); Yunnan Eye Institute; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of ophthalmology (2017DG008); Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease (2017HC010); Expert Workstation of Yao Ke (2017IC064), Kunming 650021, China
| | - Sean Tighe
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33173 USA
| | - Yongsong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan' An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33173 USA
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University); Yunnan Eye Institute; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of ophthalmology (2017DG008); Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease (2017HC010); Expert Workstation of Yao Ke (2017IC064), Kunming 650021, China
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19
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Peh GSL, Ang HP, Lwin CN, Adnan K, George BL, Seah XY, Lin SJ, Bhogal M, Liu YC, Tan DT, Mehta JS. Regulatory Compliant Tissue-Engineered Human Corneal Endothelial Grafts Restore Corneal Function of Rabbits with Bullous Keratopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14149. [PMID: 29074873 PMCID: PMC5658403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the only treatment available to restore vision for individuals with blindness due to corneal endothelial dysfunction. However, severe shortage of available donor corneas remains a global challenge. Functional regulatory compliant tissue-engineered corneal endothelial graft substitute can alleviate this reliance on cadaveric corneal graft material. Here, isolated primary human corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs) propagated using a dual media approach refined towards regulatory compliance showed expression of markers indicative of the human corneal endothelium, and can be tissue-engineered onto thin corneal stromal carriers. Both cellular function and clinical adaptability was demonstrated in a pre-clinical rabbit model of bullous keratopathy using a tissue-engineered endothelial keratoplasty (TE-EK) approach, adapted from routine endothelial keratoplasty procedure for corneal transplantation in human patients. Cornea thickness of rabbits receiving TE-EK graft gradually reduced over the first two weeks, and completely recovered to a thickness of approximately 400 µm by the third week of transplantation, whereas corneas of control rabbits remained significantly thicker over 1,000 µm (p < 0.05) throughout the course of the study. This study showed convincing evidence of the adaptability of the propagated CEnCs and their functionality via a TE-EK approach, which holds great promises in translating the use of cultured CEnCs into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S L Peh
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Heng-Pei Ang
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chan N Lwin
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khadijah Adnan
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin L George
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin-Yi Seah
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu-Jun Lin
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maninder Bhogal
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Corneal and External Disease, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald T Tan
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Feliciano A, Garcia-Mayea Y, Jubierre L, Mir C, Hummel M, Castellvi J, Hernández-Losa J, Paciucci R, Sansano I, Sun Y, Ramón Y Cajal S, Kondon H, Soriano A, Segura M, Lyakhovich A, LLeonart ME. miR-99a reveals two novel oncogenic proteins E2F2 and EMR2 and represses stemness in lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3141. [PMID: 29072692 PMCID: PMC5680913 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive tumours with very low life expectancy. Altered microRNA expression is found in human tumours because it is involved in tumour growth, progression and metastasis. In this study, we analysed microRNA expression in 47 lung cancer biopsies. Among the most downregulated microRNAs we focussed on the miR-99a characterisation. In vitro experiments showed that miR-99a expression decreases the proliferation of H1650, H1975 and H1299 lung cancer cells causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We identified two novel proteins, E2F2 (E2F transcription factor 2) and EMR2 (EGF-like module-containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 2), downregulated by miR-99a by its direct binding to their 3′-UTR. Moreover, miR-99a expression prevented cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and repressed the tumourigenic potential of the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in both these cell lines and mice tumours originated from H1975 cells. The expression of E2F2 and EMR2 at protein level was studied in 119 lung cancer biopsies. E2F2 and EMR2 are preferentially expressed in adenocarcinomas subtypes versus other tumour types (squamous and others). Interestingly, the expression of E2F2 correlates with the presence of vimentin and both E2F2 and EMR2 correlate with the presence of β-catenin. Moreover, miR-99a expression correlates inversely with E2F2 and directly with β-catenin expression in lung cancer biopsies. In conclusion, miR-99a reveals two novel targets E2F2 and EMR2 that play a key role in lung tumourigenesis. By inhibiting E2F2 and EMR2, miR-99a represses in vivo the transition of epithelial cells through an EMT process concomitantly with the inhibition of stemness features and consequently decreasing the CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Feliciano
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luz Jubierre
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuela Hummel
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Core Facilities - Microarray Unit, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellvi
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosanna Paciucci
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Sansano
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yilin Sun
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Kondon
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Aroa Soriano
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Segura
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Increases Survival of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 11:1-13. [PMID: 29019149 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a growth factor with pleiotropic biological functions. It has been reported that LIF acts at different stages during mesoderm development. Also, it has been shown that LIF has a cytoprotective effect on neonatal murine cardiomyocytes (CMs) in culture, but little is known about the role of LIF during human cardiogenesis. Thus, we analyzed the effects of LIF on human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) undergoing cardiac differentiation. We first showed that LIF is expressed in the human heart during early development. We found that the addition of LIF within a precise time window during the in vitro differentiation process significantly increased CMs viability. This finding was associated to a decrease in the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, which coincides with a reduction of the apoptotic rate. Therefore, the addition of LIF may represent a promising strategy for increasing CMs survival derived from PSCs.
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22
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Puliafito A, Primo L, Celani A. Cell-size distribution in epithelial tissue formation and homeostasis. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:20170032. [PMID: 28330988 PMCID: PMC5378146 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How cell growth and proliferation are orchestrated in living tissues to achieve a given biological function is a central problem in biology. During development, tissue regeneration and homeostasis, cell proliferation must be coordinated by spatial cues in order for cells to attain the correct size and shape. Biological tissues also feature a notable homogeneity of cell size, which, in specific cases, represents a physiological need. Here, we study the temporal evolution of the cell-size distribution by applying the theory of kinetic fragmentation to tissue development and homeostasis. Our theory predicts self-similar probability density function (PDF) of cell size and explains how division times and redistribution ensure cell size homogeneity across the tissue. Theoretical predictions and numerical simulations of confluent non-homeostatic tissue cultures show that cell size distribution is self-similar. Our experimental data confirm predictions and reveal that, as assumed in the theory, cell division times scale like a power-law of the cell size. We find that in homeostatic conditions there is a stationary distribution with lognormal tails, consistently with our experimental data. Our theoretical predictions and numerical simulations show that the shape of the PDF depends on how the space inherited by apoptotic cells is redistributed and that apoptotic cell rates might also depend on size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Primo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin 10060, Italy
| | - Antonio Celani
- Quantitative Life Sciences Unit, The Abdus Salam Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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23
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Liu Y, Sun H, Hu M, Zhu M, Tighe S, Chen S, Zhang Y, Su C, Cai S, Guo P. Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Expanded In Vitro Are a Powerful Resource for Tissue Engineering. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:128-135. [PMID: 28260988 PMCID: PMC5332841 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells have two major functions: barrier function mediated by proteins such as ZO-1 and pump function mediated by Na-K-ATPase which help to maintain visual function. However, human corneal endothelial cells are notorious for their limited proliferative capability in vivo and are therefore prone to corneal endothelial dysfunction that eventually may lead to blindness. At present, the only method to cure corneal endothelial dysfunction is by transplantation of a cadaver donor cornea with normal corneal endothelial cells. Due to the global shortage of donor corneas, it is vital to engineer corneal tissue in vitro that could potentially be transplanted clinically. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the behavior of human corneal endothelial cells, their current engineering strategy in vitro and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan' An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Public Health, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85709, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., 7000 SW 97th Avenue, Suite 212, Miami, FL 33173, USA
| | - Shuangling Chen
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., 7000 SW 97th Avenue, Suite 212, Miami, FL 33173, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., 7000 SW 97th Avenue, Suite 212, Miami, FL 33173, USA
| | - Chenwei Su
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., 7000 SW 97th Avenue, Suite 212, Miami, FL 33173, USA
| | - Subo Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, School of Optometry & Ophthalmology of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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24
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Liu Y, Sun H, Guo P, Hu M, Zhang Y, Tighe S, Chen S, Zhu Y. Characterization and Prospective of Human Corneal Endothelial Progenitors. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:705-710. [PMID: 28824304 PMCID: PMC5562123 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells play a critical role in maintaining corneal transparency and dysfunction of these cells caused by aging, diseases (such as Fuch's dystrophy), injury or surgical trauma, which can lead to corneal edema and blindness. Due to their limited proliferative capacity in vivo, the only treatment method is via transplantation of a cadaver donor cornea. However, there is a severe global shortage of donor corneas. To circumvent such issues, tissue engineering of corneal tissue is a viable option thanks to the recent discoveries in this field. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in reprogramming adult human corneal endothelial cells into their progenitor status, the expansion methods and characteristics of human corneal endothelial progenitors, and their potential clinical applications as corneal endothelial cell grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan' An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, School of Optometry & Ophthalmology of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., 7000 SW 97th Avenue, Suite 212, Miami, FL 33173, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., 7000 SW 97th Avenue, Suite 212, Miami, FL 33173, USA
| | - Shuangling Chen
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., 7000 SW 97th Avenue, Suite 212, Miami, FL 33173, USA
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., 7000 SW 97th Avenue, Suite 212, Miami, FL 33173, USA
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25
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Li C, Li H, Zhang P, Yu LJ, Huang TM, Song X, Kong QY, Dong JL, Li PN, Liu J. SHP2, SOCS3 and PIAS3 Expression Patterns in Medulloblastomas: Relevance to STAT3 Activation and Resveratrol-Suppressed STAT3 Signaling. Nutrients 2016; 9:nu9010003. [PMID: 28035977 PMCID: PMC5295047 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated STAT3 signaling is critical for human medulloblastoma cells. SHP2, SOCS3 and PIAS3 are known as the negative regulators of STAT3 signaling, while their relevance to frequent STAT3 activation in medulloblastomas remains unknown. METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed with 17 tumor-surrounding noncancerous brain tissues and 61 cases of the classic medulloblastomas, 44 the large-cell medulloblastomas, and 15 nodular medulloblastomas, which were used for immunohistochemical profiling of STAT3, SHP2, SOCS3 and PIAS3 expression patterns and the frequencies of STAT3 nuclear translocation. Three human medulloblastoma cell lines (Daoy, UW228-2 and UW228-3) were cultured with and without 100 μM resveratrol supplementation. The influences of resveratrol in SHP2, SOCS3 and PIAS3 expression and SOCS3 knockdown in STAT3 activation were analyzed using multiple experimental approaches. RESULTS SHP2, SOCS3 and PIAS3 levels are reduced in medulloblastomas in vivo and in vitro, of which PIAS3 downregulation is more reversely correlated with STAT3 activation. In resveratrol-suppressed medulloblastoma cells with STAT3 downregulation and decreased incidence of STAT3 nuclear translocation, PIAS3 is upregulated, the SHP2 level remains unchanged and SOCS3 is downregulated. SOCS3 proteins are accumulated in the distal ends of axon-like processes of resveratrol-differentiated medulloblastoma cells. Knockdown of SOCS3 expression by siRNA neither influences cell proliferation nor STAT3 activation or resveratrol sensitivity but inhibits resveratrol-induced axon-like process formation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that (1) the overall reduction of SHP2, SOCS3 and PIAS3 in medulloblastoma tissues and cell lines; (2) the more inverse relevance of PIAS3 expression with STAT3 activation; (3) the favorable prognostic values of PIAS3 for medulloblastomas and (4) the involvement of SOCS3 in resveratrol-promoted axon regeneration of medulloblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Li-Jun Yu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Tian-Miao Huang
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xue Song
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Qing-You Kong
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jian-Li Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Pei-Nan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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26
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Mueller M, Oppliger B, Joerger-Messerli M, Reinhart U, Barnea E, Paidas M, Kramer BW, Surbek DV, Schoeberlein A. Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect the Immature Brain in Rats and Modulate Cell Fate. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:239-248. [PMID: 27842457 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a mammalian brain is a complex and long-lasting process. Not surprisingly, preterm birth is the leading cause of death in newborns and children. Advances in perinatal care reduced mortality, but morbidity still represents a major burden. New therapeutic approaches are thus desperately needed. Given that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) emerged as a promising candidate for cell therapy, we transplanted MSCs derived from the Wharton's Jelly (WJ-MSCs) to reduce the burden of immature brain injury in a murine animal model. WJ-MSCs transplantation resulted in protective activity characterized by reduced myelin loss and astroglial activation. WJ-MSCs improved locomotor behavior as well. To address the underlying mechanisms, we tested the key regulators of responses to DNA-damaging agents, such as cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase/calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKA/PKC), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated/ATM- and Rad3-related (ATM/ATR) substrates, protein kinase B (Akt), and 14-3-3 binding protein partners. We characterized WJ-MSCs using a specific profiler polymerase chain reaction array. We provide evidence that WJ-MSCs target pivotal regulators of the cell fate such as CDK/14-3-3/Akt signaling. We identified leukemia inhibitory factor as a potential candidate of WJ-MSCs' induced modifications as well. We hypothesize that WJ-MSCs may exert adaptive responses depending on the type of injury they are facing, making them prominent candidates for cell therapy in perinatal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mueller
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,3 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Byron Oppliger
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Joerger-Messerli
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Reinhart
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eytan Barnea
- 4 Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy and BioIncept LLC , Cherry Hill, New Jersey
| | - Michael Paidas
- 3 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Boris W Kramer
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC) , Maastricht, the Netherlands .,6 Division Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel V Surbek
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
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27
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Senescence Mediated by p16 INK4a Impedes Reprogramming of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells into Neural Crest Progenitors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35166. [PMID: 27739458 PMCID: PMC5064359 DOI: 10.1038/srep35166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) have limited proliferative capacity due to “contact-inhibition” at G1 phase. Such contact-inhibition can be delayed from Day 21 to Day 42 by switching EGF-containing SHEM to LIF/bFGF-containing MESCM through transient activation of LIF-JAK1-STAT3 signaling that delays eventual nuclear translocation of p16INK4a. Using the latter system, we have reported a novel tissue engineering technique by implementing 5 weekly knockdowns with p120 catenin (p120) and Kaiso siRNAs since Day 7 to achieve effective expansion of HCEC monolayers to a transplantable size with a normal HCEC density, through reprogramming of HCECs into neural crest progenitors by activating p120-Kaiso-RhoA-ROCK-canonical BMP signaling. Herein, we noted that a single knockdown with p120-Kaiso siRNAs at Day 42 failed to achieve such reprogramming when contact inhibition transitioned to senescence with nuclear translocation of p16INK4a. In contrast, 5 weekly knockdowns with p120-Kaiso siRNAs since Day 7 precluded senescence mediated by p16INK4a by inducing nuclear translocation of Bmi1 because of sustained activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling downstream of p120-Kaiso-RhoA-ROCK signaling. STAT3 or Bmi1 siRNA impeded nuclear exclusion of p16INK4a and suppressed the reprogramming induced by p120-Kaiso siRNAs, suggesting that another important engineering strategy of HCEC lies in prevention of senescence mediated by nuclear translocation of p16INK4a.
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28
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Liu Y, Sun H, Hu M, Zhang Y, Chen S, Tighe S, Zhu Y. The Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 16:165-172. [PMID: 27810226 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major worldwide health care problem that accounts for 1 million new cases each year. The risk factors for this disease include hereditary factors, environmental agents, and inflammatory stimuli that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Among these risk factors, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the major players in the progression of colorectal cancer; however, the detailed mechanism of its role in causing colorectal cancer is still not well understood. In addition, the role of COX-2 signaling through the interaction in the epithelial and stromal compartments on colorectal carcinogenesis has not been fully illustrated. In the present review, we provide published evidence to demonstrate that (1) COX-2 signaling plays a major role in the progression of colorectal cancer, (2) activation of COX-2 in the stromal compartment also contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis, and (3) inhibition of COX-2 signaling by COX-2 inhibitors might be an effective method to control colorectal cancer. We have also summarized recent advances and insights from mechanistic studies of colorectal cancer to help prevent and control this deadly disease and provide our opinion regarding the importance of risk reduction and disease prevention for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Hu
- The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL
| | - Shuangling Chen
- Research and Development Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL
| | - Sean Tighe
- Research and Development Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Research and Development Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL.
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29
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Zhu YT, Tighe S, Chen SL, John T, Kao WY, Tseng SCG. Engineering of Human Corneal Endothelial Grafts. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 3:207-217. [PMID: 26509105 DOI: 10.1007/s40135-015-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) play a pivotal role in maintaining corneal transparency. Unlike in other species, HCEC are notorious for their limited proliferative capacity in vivo after diseases, injury, aging, and surgery. Persistent HCEC dysfunction leads to sight-threatening bullous keratopathy with either an insufficient cell density or retrocorneal membrane due to endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Presently, the only solution to restore vision in eyes inflicted with bullous keratopathy or retrocorneal membrane relies upon transplantation of a cadaver human donor cornea containing a healthy corneal endothelium. Due to a severe global shortage of donor corneas, in conjunction with an increasing trend toward endothelial keratoplasty, it is opportune to develop a tissue engineering strategy to produce HCEC grafts. Prior attempts of producing these grafts by unlocking the contact inhibition-mediated mitotic block using trypsin-EDTA and culturing of single HCEC in a bFGF-containing medium run the risk of losing the normal phenotype to EMT by activating canonical Wnt signaling and TGF-β signaling. Herein, we summarize our novel approach in engineering HCEC grafts based on selective activation of p120-Kaiso signaling that is coordinated with activation of Rho-ROCK-canonical BMP signaling to reprogram HCEC into neural crest progenitors. Successful commercialization of this engineering technology will not only fulfill the global unmet need but also encourage the scientific community to re-think how cell-cell junctions can be safely perturbed to uncover novel therapeutic potentials in other model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ting Zhu
- R&D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, 7000 SW 97 Ave #212, Miami, FL, 33173, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- R&D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, 7000 SW 97 Ave #212, Miami, FL, 33173, USA
| | - Shuang-Ling Chen
- R&D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, 7000 SW 97 Ave #212, Miami, FL, 33173, USA
| | - Thomas John
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University at Chicago, 2160 1 Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Winston Y Kao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Scheffer C G Tseng
- R&D Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, 7000 SW 97 Ave #212, Miami, FL 33173, USA, Telephone: (305) 274-1299
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