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Yin M, Qian P, Wang H, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Zheng Z, Zhang M, Lu Z, Li X. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) negatively regulates ZFP36 protein expression to alleviate its antiviral activity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0111424. [PMID: 39194213 PMCID: PMC11406947 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01114-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) is a key regulator of inflammatory and cytokine production. However, the interplay between swine zinc-finger protein 36 (sZFP36) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has not yet been reported. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of sZFP36 restricted FMDV replication, while the knockdown of sZFP36 facilitated FMDV replication. To subvert the antagonism of sZFP36, FMDV decreased sZFP36 protein expression through its non-structural protein 3C protease (3Cpro). Our results also suggested that 3Cpro-mediated sZFP36 degradation was dependent on its protease activity. Further investigation revealed that both N-terminal and C-terminal-sZFP36 could be degraded by FMDV and FMDV 3Cpro. In addition, both N-terminal and C-terminal-sZFP36 decreased FMDV replication. Moreover, sZFP36 promotes the degradation of FMDV structural proteins VP3 and VP4 via the CCCH-type zinc finger and NES domains of sZFP36. Together, our results confirm that sZFP36 is a host restriction factor that negatively regulates FMDV replication.IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease of animals caused by the pathogen foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). FMD is difficult to prevent and control because there is no cross-protection between its serotypes. Thus, we designed this study to investigate virus-host interactions. We first demonstrate that swine zinc-finger protein 36 (sZFP36) impaired FMDV structural proteins VP3 and VP4 to suppress viral replication. To subvert the antagonism of sZFP36, FMDV and FMDV 3Cpro downregulate sZFP36 expression to facilitate FMDV replication. Taken together, the present study reveals a previously unrecognized antiviral mechanism for ZFP36 and elucidates the role of FMDV in counteracting host antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Mao R, Zhu Z, Yang F, Sun D, Zhou X, Cao W, Qin X, Dang W, Liu H, Tian H, Zhang K, Wu Q, Liu X, Zheng H. Picornavirus VP3 protein induces autophagy through the TP53-BAD-BAX axis to promote viral replication. Autophagy 2024; 20:1928-1947. [PMID: 38752369 PMCID: PMC11346532 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2350270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy and apoptosis are pivotal interconnected host cell responses to viral infection, including picornaviruses. Here, the VP3 proteins of picornaviruses were determined to trigger autophagy, with the autophagic flux being triggered by the TP53-BAD-BAX axis. Using foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) as a model system, we unraveled a novel mechanism of how picornavirus hijacks autophagy to bolster viral replication and enhance pathogenesis. FMDV infection induced both autophagy and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. FMDV VP3 protein facilitated the phosphorylation and translocation of TP53 from the nucleus into the mitochondria, resulting in BAD-mediated apoptosis and BECN1-mediated autophagy. The amino acid Gly129 in VP3 is essential for its interaction with TP53, and crucial for induction of autophagy and apoptosis. VP3-induced autophagy and apoptosis are both essential for FMDV replication, while, autophagy plays a more important role in VP3-mediated pathogenesis. Mutation of Gly129 to Ala129 in VP3 abrogated the autophagic regulatory function of VP3, which significantly decreased the viral replication and pathogenesis of FMDV. This suggested that VP3-induced autophagy benefits viral replication and pathogenesis. Importantly, this Gly is conserved and showed a common function in various picornaviruses. This study provides insight for developing broad-spectrum antivirals and genetic engineering attenuated vaccines against picornaviruses.Abbreviations: 3-MA, 3-methyladenine; ATG, autophagy related; BAD, BCL2 associated agonist of cell death; BAK1, BCL2 antagonist/killer 1; BAX, BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; BBC3/PUMA, BCL2 binding component 3; BCL2, BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BID, BH3 interacting domain death agonist; BIP-V5, BAX inhibitor peptide V5; CFLAR/FLIP, CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator; CPE, cytopathic effects; CQ, chloroquine; CV, coxsackievirus; DAPK, death associated protein kinase; DRAM, DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator; EV71, enterovirus 71; FMDV, foot-and-mouth disease virus; HAV, hepatitis A virus; KD, knockdown; MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI, multiplicity of infection; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PML, promyelocytic leukemia; PV, poliovirus; SVA, Seneca Valley virus; TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious doses; TOR, target of rapamycin. TP53/p53, tumor protein p53; WCL, whole-cell lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dehui Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- Analysis and Test Group, Center for Technical Development and Analysis Service, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang H, Wang X, Qu M, Li Z, Yin X, Tang L, Liu X, Sun Y. Foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein VP3 interacts with HDAC8 and promotes its autophagic degradation to facilitate viral replication. Autophagy 2023; 19:2869-2883. [PMID: 37408174 PMCID: PMC10549200 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2233847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy has been utilized by many viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), to facilitate replication, while the underlying mechanism of the interplay between autophagy and innate immune responses is still elusive. This study showed that HDAC8 (histone deacetylase 8) inhibits FMDV replication by regulating innate immune signal transduction and antiviral response. To counteract the HDAC8 effect, FMDV utilizes autophagy to promote HDAC8 degradation. Further data showed that FMDV structural protein VP3 promotes autophagy during virus infection and interacts with and degrades HDAC8 in an AKT-MTOR-ATG5-dependent autophagy pathway. Our data demonstrated that FMDV evolved a strategy to counteract host antiviral activity by autophagic degradation of a protein that regulates innate immune response during virus infection.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ATG: autophagy related; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; CCL5: C-C motif chemokine ligand 5; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine phosphate; DAPI: 4",6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; FMDV: foot-and-mouth disease virus; HDAC8: histone deacetylase 8; ISG: IFN-stimulated gene; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MAVS: mitochondria antiviral signaling protein; OAS: 2"-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase; RB1: RB transcriptional corepressor 1; SAHA: suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TSA: trichostatin A; UTR: untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Wu X, Chen L, Sui C, Hu Y, Jiang D, Yang F, Miller LC, Li J, Cong X, Hrabchenko N, Lee C, Du Y, Qi J. 3C pro of FMDV inhibits type II interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling pathway by blocking STAT1 nuclear translocation. Virol Sin 2023; 38:387-397. [PMID: 36921803 PMCID: PMC10311264 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has developed various strategies to antagonize the host innate immunity. FMDV Lpro and 3Cpro interfere with type I IFNs through different mechanisms. The structural protein VP3 of FMDV degrades Janus kinase 1 to suppress IFN-γ signaling transduction. Whether non-structural proteins of FMDV are involved in restraining type II IFN signaling pathways is unknown. In this study, it was shown that FMDV replication was resistant to IFN-γ treatment after the infection was established and FMDV inhibited type II IFN induced expression of IFN-γ-stimulated genes (ISGs). We also showed for the first time that FMDV non-structural protein 3C antagonized IFN-γ-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling pathway by blocking STAT1 nuclear translocation. 3Cpro expression significantly reduced the ISGs transcript levels and palindromic gamma-activated sequences (GAS) promoter activity, without affecting the protein level, tyrosine phosphorylation, and homodimerization of STAT1. Finally, we provided evidence that 3C protease activity played an essential role in degrading KPNA1 and thus inhibited ISGs mRNA and GAS promoter activities. Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which an FMDV non-structural protein antagonizes host type II IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Chao Sui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Laura C Miller
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Juntong Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Nataliia Hrabchenko
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Changhee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yijun Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
| | - Jing Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
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5
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Pan Y, Shu G, Fu L, Huang K, Zhou X, Gui C, Liu H, Jin X, Chen M, Li P, Cen J, Feng Z, Lu J, Chen Z, Li J, Xu Q, Wang Y, Liang H, Wang Z, Deng Q, Chen W, Luo J, Yang J, Zhang J, Wei J. EHBP1L1 Drives Immune Evasion in Renal Cell Carcinoma through Binding and Stabilizing JAK1. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206792. [PMID: 36775874 PMCID: PMC10104659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High lymphocyte infiltration and immunosuppression characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is an urgent need to elucidate how tumor cells escape the immune attack and to develop novel therapeutic targets to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in RCC. Overactivated IFN-γ-induced JAK/STAT signaling involves in such TME, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, EH domain-binding protein 1-like protein 1 (EHBP1L1) is identified as a crucial mediator of IFN-γ/JAK1/STAT1/PD-L1 signaling in RCC. EHBP1L1 is highly expressed in RCC, and high EHBP1L1 expression levels are correlated with poor prognosis and resistance to ICB. EHBP1L1 depletion significantly inhibits tumor growth, which is attributed to enhanced CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, EHBP1L1 interacts with and stabilizes JAK1. By competing with SOCS1, EHBP1L1 protects JAK1 from proteasomal degradation, which leads to elevated JAK1 protein levels and JAK1/STAT1/PD-L1 signaling activity, thereby forming an immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, the combination of EHBP1L1 inhibition and ICB reprograms the immunosuppressive TME and prevents tumor immune evasion, thus significantly reinforcing the therapeutic efficacy of ICB in RCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. These findings reveal the vital role of EHBP1L1 in immune evasion in RCC, which may be a potential complement for ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Pan
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated HospitalSoochow UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213003China
| | - Guannan Shu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Liangmin Fu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Kangbo Huang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou510060China
- Department of UrologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Chengpeng Gui
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Huashan Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
| | - Xiaohan Jin
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Minyu Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Pengju Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Junjie Cen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Zihao Feng
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Quanhui Xu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Longhua People's HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518109China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Longhua People's HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518109China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Longhua People's HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen518109China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiefeng Yang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jinhuan Wei
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
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6
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Yang H, Dong Y, Bian Y, Xu N, Wu Y, Yang F, Du Y, Qin T, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. The influenza virus PB2 protein evades antiviral innate immunity by inhibiting JAK1/STAT signalling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6288. [PMID: 36271046 PMCID: PMC9586965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) polymerase protein PB2 has been shown to partially inhibit the host immune response by blocking the induction of interferons (IFNs). However, the IAV PB2 protein that regulates the downstream signaling pathway of IFNs is not well characterized. Here, we report that IAV PB2 protein reduces cellular sensitivity to IFNs, suppressing the activation of STAT1/STAT2 and ISGs. Furthermore, IAV PB2 protein targets mammalian JAK1 at lysine 859 and 860 for ubiquitination and degradation. Notably, the H5 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus with I283M/K526R mutations on PB2 increases the ability to degrade mammalian JAK1 and exhibits higher replicate efficiency in mammalian (but not avian) cells and mouse lung tissues, and causes greater mortality in infected mice. Altogether, these data describe a negative regulatory mechanism involving PB2-JAK1 and provide insights into an evasion strategy from host antiviral immunity employed by IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yurui Dong
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Bian
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Nuo Xu
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Fan Yang
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yinping Du
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Tao Qin
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Daxin Peng
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- grid.268415.cCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,grid.268415.cJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China ,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, 225009 Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
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Li J, Yang H, Shi H, Zhang J, Chen W. Expression Profiles of Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks in SH-SY5Y Cells Infected with Coxsackievirus B5. Int J Genomics 2022; 2022:9298149. [PMID: 36267594 PMCID: PMC9577011 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9298149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) is the causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) that can cause neurological complications and fatalities. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to play an important role in regulating pathogenic processes. However, the functions of circRNA in response to CVB5 infection remain unclear. In our research, RNA-seq was employed to analyze the expression profiles of circRNAs in SH-SY5Y cells with or without CVB5 infection. Out of 5,665 circRNAs identified to be expressed in SH-SY5Y cells, 163 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed significantly. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and signaling pathways during CVB5 infection. Additionally, RT-qPCR was used to validate the RNA-seq data, and a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was constructed based on two circRNAs, such as hsa_circ_0008378 and novel_circ_0014617, which were associated with the regulation of innate immune response in host cells. Additionally, we confirmed the two circRANs up-regulated the key factors in the IFN-I signaling pathway, hampering viral replication. Our data provide a new perspective that facilitates further understanding of the virus-host mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Heng Yang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Huaran Shi
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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8
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Weerawardhana A, Uddin MB, Choi JH, Pathinayake P, Shin SH, Chathuranga K, Park JH, Lee JS. Foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein 2B downregulates the RLR signaling pathway via degradation of RIG-I and MDA5. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020262. [PMID: 36248821 PMCID: PMC9556895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus containing at least 13 proteins. Many of these proteins show immune modulation capabilities. As a non-structural protein of the FMDV, 2B is involved in the rearrangement of the host cell membranes and the disruption of the host secretory pathway as a viroporin. Previous studies have also shown that FMDV 2B plays a role in the modulation of host type-I interferon (IFN) responses through the inhibition of expression of RIG-I and MDA5, key cytosolic sensors of the type-I IFN signaling. However, the exact molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that FMDV 2B modulates host IFN signal pathway by the degradation of RIG-I and MDA5. FMDV 2B targeted the RIG-I for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 125 (RNF125) and also targeted MDA5 for apoptosis-induced caspase-3- and caspase-8-dependent degradation. Ultimately, FMDV 2B significantly inhibited RNA virus-induced IFN-β production. Importantly, we identified that the C-terminal amino acids 126-154 of FMDV 2B are essential for 2B-mediated degradation of the RIG-I and MDA5. Collectively, these results provide a clearer understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms used by FMDV 2B to inhibit the IFN responses and a rational approach to virus attenuation for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Prabuddha Pathinayake
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hyeon Park, ; Jong-Soo Lee,
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hyeon Park, ; Jong-Soo Lee,
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9
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Sarry M, Vitour D, Zientara S, Bakkali Kassimi L, Blaise-Boisseau S. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Molecular Interplays with IFN Response and the Importance of the Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102129. [PMID: 36298684 PMCID: PMC9610432 DOI: 10.3390/v14102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals with a significant socioeconomic impact. One of the issues related to this disease is the ability of its etiological agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), to persist in the organism of its hosts via underlying mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The establishment of a virus–host equilibrium via protein–protein interactions could contribute to explaining these phenomena. FMDV has indeed developed numerous strategies to evade the immune response, especially the type I interferon response. Viral proteins target this innate antiviral response at different levels, ranging from blocking the detection of viral RNAs to inhibiting the expression of ISGs. The large diversity of impacts of these interactions must be considered in the light of the in vitro models that have been used to demonstrate them, some being sometimes far from biological systems. In this review, we have therefore listed the interactions between FMDV and the interferon response as exhaustively as possible, focusing on both their biological effect and the study models used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sarry
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- AgroParisTech, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.B.-B.)
| | - Damien Vitour
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stephan Zientara
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Labib Bakkali Kassimi
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandra Blaise-Boisseau
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.B.-B.)
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10
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Xiao Y, Lidsky PV, Shirogane Y, Aviner R, Wu CT, Li W, Zheng W, Talbot D, Catching A, Doitsh G, Su W, Gekko CE, Nayak A, Ernst JD, Brodsky L, Brodsky E, Rousseau E, Capponi S, Bianco S, Nakamura R, Jackson PK, Frydman J, Andino R. A defective viral genome strategy elicits broad protective immunity against respiratory viruses. Cell 2021; 184:6037-6051.e14. [PMID: 34852237 PMCID: PMC8598942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA viruses generate defective viral genomes (DVGs) that can interfere with replication of the parental wild-type virus. To examine their therapeutic potential, we created a DVG by deleting the capsid-coding region of poliovirus. Strikingly, intraperitoneal or intranasal administration of this genome, which we termed eTIP1, elicits an antiviral response, inhibits replication, and protects mice from several RNA viruses, including enteroviruses, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. While eTIP1 replication following intranasal administration is limited to the nasal cavity, its antiviral action extends non-cell-autonomously to the lungs. eTIP1 broad-spectrum antiviral effects are mediated by both local and distal type I interferon responses. Importantly, while a single eTIP1 dose protects animals from SARS-CoV-2 infection, it also stimulates production of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies that afford long-lasting protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Thus, eTIP1 is a safe and effective broad-spectrum antiviral generating short- and long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter V Lidsky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuta Shirogane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ranen Aviner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chien-Ting Wu
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Dale Talbot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aleph Therapeutics, Inc., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam Catching
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gilad Doitsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Weiheng Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Colby E Gekko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arabinda Nayak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joel D Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Leonid Brodsky
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center and Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | | | - Elsa Rousseau
- Functional Genomics and Cellular Engineering, AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Sara Capponi
- Functional Genomics and Cellular Engineering, AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Simone Bianco
- Functional Genomics and Cellular Engineering, AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | | | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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11
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus VP3 Protein Acts as a Critical Proinflammatory Factor by Promoting Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Signaling. J Virol 2021; 95:e0112021. [PMID: 34524915 PMCID: PMC8577349 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01120-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in cloven-hoofed animals causes severe inflammatory symptoms, including blisters on the oral mucosa, hoof, and breast; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the inflammatory response is unclear. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the FMDV protein VP3 activates lipopolysaccharide-triggered Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. FMDV VP3 increased the expression of TLR4 by downregulating the expression of the lysozyme-related protein Rab7b. Additionally, Rab7b can interact with VP3 to promote the replication of FMDV. Our findings suggested that VP3 regulates the Rab7b-TLR4 axis to mediate the inflammatory response to FMDV. IMPORTANCE Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection causes a severe inflammatory response in cloven-hoofed animals, such as pigs, cattle, and sheep, with typical clinical manifestations of high fever, numerous blisters on the oral mucosa, hoof, and breast, as well as myocarditis (tigroid heart). However, the mechanism underlying the inflammatory response caused by FMDV is enigmatic. In this study, we identified the VP3 protein of FMDV as an important proinflammatory factor. Mechanistically, VP3 interacted with TLR4 to promote TLR4 expression by inhibiting the expression of the lysozyme-related protein Rab7b. Our findings suggest that FMDV VP3 is a major proinflammatory factor in FMDV-infected hosts.
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12
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Ekanayaka P, Lee BH, Weerawardhana A, Chathuranga K, Park JH, Lee JS. Inhibition of MAVS Aggregation-Mediated Type-I Interferon Signaling by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus VP3. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091776. [PMID: 34578357 PMCID: PMC8473216 DOI: 10.3390/v13091776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As a structural protein of the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), VP3 plays a vital role in virus assembly and inhibiting the interferon (IFN) signal transduction to promote FMDV replication. Previous studies demonstrated that FMDV VP3 blocks the type-I IFN response by inhibiting the mRNA expression of the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS); however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we describe the specificity of FMDV VP3 interaction with the transmembrane (TM) domain of MAVS as FMDV driven type-I IFN inhibitory mechanism for its effective replication. The TM domain of MAVS governs the mitochondria localization of MAVS, and it is a key factor in type-I IFN signaling transduction via MAVS aggregation. Thereby, the interaction of FMDV VP3 with the TM domain of MAVS leads to the inhibition of MAVS mitochondria localization, self-association, and aggregation, resulting in the suppression of type-I IFN response. Collectively, these results provide a clear understanding of a key molecular mechanism used by the FMDV VP3 for the suppression of IFN responses via targeting MAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Ekanayaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.E.); (B.-H.L.); (A.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Byeong-Hoon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.E.); (B.-H.L.); (A.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.E.); (B.-H.L.); (A.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.E.); (B.-H.L.); (A.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea;
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.E.); (B.-H.L.); (A.W.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(42)-821-6753; Fax: +82-(42)-825-7910
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13
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Antigenicity and Immunogenicity Analysis of the E. coli Expressed FMDV Structural Proteins; VP1, VP0, VP3 of the South African Territories Type 2 Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061005. [PMID: 34072100 PMCID: PMC8227194 DOI: 10.3390/v13061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative vaccine design approach and diagnostic kits are highly required against the anticipated pandemicity caused by the South African Territories type 2 (SAT2) Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). However, the distinct antigenicity and immunogenicity of VP1, VP0, and VP3 of FMDV serotype SAT2 are poorly understood. Similarly, the particular roles of the three structural proteins in novel vaccine design and development remain unexplained. We therefore constructed VP1, VP0, and VP3 encoding gene (SAT2:JX014256 strain) separately fused with His-SUMO (histidine-small ubiquitin-related modifier) inserted into pET-32a cassette to express the three recombinant proteins and separately evaluated their antigenicity and immunogenicity in mice. The fusion protein was successfully expressed and purified by the Ni-NTA resin chromatography. The level of serum antibody, spleen lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokines against the three distinct recombinant proteins were analyzed. Results showed that the anti-FMDV humoral response was triggered by these proteins, and the fusion proteins did enhance the splenocyte immune response in the separately immunized mice. We observed low variations among the three fusion proteins in terms of the antibody and cytokine production in mice. Hence, in this study, results demonstrated that the structural proteins of SAT2 FMDV could be used for the development of immunodiagnostic kits and subunit vaccine designs.
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14
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Guan J, Han S, Wu J, Zhang Y, Bai M, Abdullah SW, Sun S, Guo H. Ribosomal Protein L13 Participates in Innate Immune Response Induced by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616402. [PMID: 34093518 PMCID: PMC8173215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to ribosomal protein synthesis and protein translation, ribosomal proteins also participate in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, immune responses, and viral replication. Here, we show that ribosomal protein L13 (RPL13) participates in the antiviral immune response induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), inhibiting FMDV replication. The overexpression of RPL13 promoted the induction and activation of the promoters of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon-β (IFN-β) genes, and the expression and protein secretion of the antiviral factor IFN-β and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). The knockdown of RPL13 had the opposite effects. We also found that the FMDV 3Cpro protease interacts with RPL13, and that its activity reduces the expression of RPL13, thus antagonizing the RPL13-mediated antiviral activity. This study extends our knowledge of the extraribosomal functions of ribosomal proteins and provides new scientific information on cellular antiviral defenses and virus-antagonizing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Office International des Epizootie (OIE)/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shichong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Office International des Epizootie (OIE)/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin'en Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Office International des Epizootie (OIE)/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Office International des Epizootie (OIE)/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Manyuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Office International des Epizootie (OIE)/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Office International des Epizootie (OIE)/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Office International des Epizootie (OIE)/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Office International des Epizootie (OIE)/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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15
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Structural Protein VP1 Destroys the Stability of TPL2 Trimer by Degradation TPL2 to Evade Host Antiviral Immunity. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02149-20. [PMID: 33361430 PMCID: PMC8092693 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02149-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase (MAP3K) family, and it plays an important role in pathogen infection. The trimer complex of TPL2, p105, and ABIN2 is essential for maintenance of TPL2 steady-state levels and host cell response to pathogens. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a positive-strand RNA virus of the family Picornaviridae that encodes proteins capable of antagonizing host immune responses to achieve infection. The VP1 protein of FMDV is a multifunctional protein that can bind host cells and induce an immune response as well as cell apoptosis. However, the role and mechanisms of TPL2 in FMDV infection remain unknown. Here, we determined that FMDV infection could inhibit TPL2, p105, and ABIN2 at the transcription and protein levels, while VP1 could only inhibit TPL2, p105 and ABIN2 at protein level. TPL2 inhibited the replication of FMDV in vivo and in vitro, the 268 to 283 amino-acid region in the TPL2 kinase domain was essential for interaction with VP1. Moreover, VP1 promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination of TPL2 and degraded TPL2 by the proteasome pathway. However, VP1-induced degradation of p105 and ABIN2 was independent of proteasome, autophagy, lysosome, and caspase-dependent pathways. Further studies showed that VP1 destroyed the stability of the TPL2-p105-ABIN2 complex. Taken together, these results revealed that VP1 antagonized TPL2-meditated antivirus activity by degrading TPL2 and destroying its complex. These findings may contribute to understand FMDV-host interactions and improve development of a novel vaccine to prevent FMDV infection.Importance Virus-host interactions are critical for virus infection. This study was the first to demonstrate the antiviral effect of host TPL2 during FMDV replication by increasing production of interferons and antiviral cytokines. Both FMDV and VP1 protein can reduce host TPL2, ABIN2 and p105 to destroy TPL2-p105-ABIN2 trimer complex. VP1 interacted with TPL2 and degrade TPL2 via proteasome pathway to repress TPL2-mediated antivirus activity. This study provided new insights into FMDV immune evasion mechanisms, elucidating new informations regarding FMDV counteraction of host antivirus activity.
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16
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Li K, Wang C, Yang F, Cao W, Zhu Z, Zheng H. Virus-Host Interactions in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:571509. [PMID: 33717061 PMCID: PMC7952751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.571509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which has been regarded as a persistent challenge for the livestock industry in many countries. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of FMD that can spread rapidly by direct and indirect transmission. FMDV is internalized into host cell by the interaction between FMDV capsid proteins and cellular receptors. When the virus invades into the cells, the host antiviral system is quickly activated to suppress the replication of the virus and remove the virus. To retain fitness and host adaptation, various viruses have evolved multiple elegant strategies to manipulate host machine and circumvent the host antiviral responses. Therefore, identification of virus-host interactions is critical for understanding the host defense against virus infections and the pathogenesis of the viral infectious diseases. This review elaborates on the virus-host interactions during FMDV infection to summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FMD, and we hope it can provide insights for designing effective vaccines or drugs to prevent and control the spread of FMD and other diseases caused by picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Han Y, Xie J, Xu S, Bi Y, Li X, Zhang H, Idris A, Bai J, Feng R. Encephalomyocarditis Virus Abrogates the Interferon Beta Signaling Pathway via Its Structural Protein VP2. J Virol 2021; 95:e01590-20. [PMID: 33328314 PMCID: PMC8094936 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01590-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are critical for modulating host-virus responses, and indeed, viruses have evolved strategies to antagonize this pathway. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, which causes myocarditis, encephalitis, neurological disease, reproductive disorders, and diabetes in pigs. This study aims to understand how EMCV interacts with the IFN pathway. EMCV circumvents the type I IFN response by expressing proteins that antagonize cellular innate immunity. Here, we show that EMCV VP2 is a negative regulator of the IFN-β pathway. This occurs via the degradation of the MDA5-mediated cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) antiviral sensing RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathway. We show that structural protein VP2 of EMCV interacts with MDA5, MAVS, and TBK1 through its C terminus. In addition, we found that EMCV VP2 could significantly degrade RLRs by the proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. For the first time, EMCV VP2 was shown to play an important role in EMCV evasion of the type I IFN signaling pathway. This study expands our understanding that EMCV utilizes its capsid protein VP2 to evade the host antiviral response.IMPORTANCE Encephalomyocarditis virus is an important pathogen that can cause encephalitis, myocarditis, neurological diseases, and reproductive disorders. It also causes huge economic losses for the swine industry worldwide. Innate immunity plays an important role in defending the host from pathogen infection. Understanding pathogen microorganisms evading the host immune system is of great importance. Currently, whether EMCV evades cytosolic RNA sensing and signaling is still poorly understood. In the present study, we found that viral protein VP2 antagonized the RLR signaling pathway by degrading MDA5, MAVS, and TBK1 protein expression to facilitate viral replication in HEK293 cells. The findings in this study identify a new mechanism for EMCV evading the host's innate immune response, which provide new insights into the virus-host interaction and help develop new antiviral approaches against EMCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Han
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingying Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Bi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jialin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruofei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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18
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Hao J, Shen C, Wei N, Yan M, Zhang X, Xu G, Zhang D, Hou J, Cao W, Jin Y, Zhang K, Zheng H, Liu X. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Protein VP1 Antagonizes TPL2-Mediated Activation of the IRF3/IFN-β Signaling Pathway to Facilitate the Virus Replication. Front Immunol 2021; 11:580334. [PMID: 33488582 PMCID: PMC7821752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. In order to establish an infection, the FMD virus (FMDV) needs to counteract host antiviral responses. Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), a mitogen-activated protein kinase, can regulate innate and adaptive immunity; however, its exact mechanisms underlying TPL2-mediated regulation of the pathogenesis of FMDV infection remain unknown. In this study, we confirmed that TPL2 could inhibit FMDV replication in vitro and in vivo. The virus replication increased in Tpl2-deficient suckling mice in association with reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes interferon-α (IFN-α) and myxovirus resistance (MX2) and significantly reduced expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and IRF7, while the phosphorylation of IRF3 was not detected. Moreover, the interactions between TPL2 and VP1 were also confirmed. The overexpression of TPL2 promoted IRF3-mediated dose-dependent activation of the IFN-β signaling pathway in association with interactions between IRF3 and TPL2. VP1 also inhibited phosphorylation of TPL2 at Thr290, while Thr290 resulted as the key functional site associated with the TPL2-mediated antiviral response. Taken together, this study indicated that FMDV capsid protein VP1 antagonizes TPL2-mediated activation of the IRF3/IFN-β signaling pathway for immune escape and facilitated virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nannan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minghao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuegang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, China
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19
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Ekanayaka P, Lee SY, Herath TUB, Kim JH, Kim TH, Lee H, Chathuranga K, Chathuranga WAG, Park JH, Lee JS. Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 target the MAVS to inhibit type-I interferon signaling and VP1 E83K mutation results in virus attenuation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009057. [PMID: 33232374 PMCID: PMC7723281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VP1, a pivotal capsid protein encoded by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), plays an important role in receptor-mediated attachment and humoral immune responses. Previous studies show that amino acid changes in the VP1 protein of cell culture-adapted strains of FMDV alter the properties of the virus. In addition, FMDV VP1 modulates host IFN signal transduction. Here, we examined the ability of cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K) and wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) to evade host immunity by blocking mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)/TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3) mediated cellular innate responses. Wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) interacted specifically with C-terminal TRAF3-binding site within MAVS and this interaction inhibited binding of TRAF3 to MAVS, thereby suppressing interferon-mediated responses. This was not observed for cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K). Finally, chimeric FMDV harboring VP1(83K) showed very low pathogenicity in pigs. Collectively, these data highlight a critical role of VP1 with respect to suppression of type-I IFN pathway and attenuation of FMDV by the E83K mutation in VP1. Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causes huge economic losses. To generate a FMD vaccine, cell culture-adapted strains of FMDV that show improved growth properties and allow repeated passage are needed. Generally, adaptation of field-isolated FMDV is accompanied by changes in viral properties, including amino acid mutations. A VP1 E83K mutation in cell culture-adapted FMDV was identified previously; here, we examined the impact of VP1 E83K on virus pathogenicity and type-I IFN pathway. Cell culture-adapted FMDV O1 Manisa, and highly virulent strain of O/Andong/SKR/2010, acquired the E83K mutation in the VP1 protein, which attenuated the virus via disposing VP1 mediate negative regulation ability of host cellular IFN responses. The data suggest a rational approach to viral propagation in cell culture and virus attenuation, which could be utilized for future development of FMDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Ekanayaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.,FVC, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thilina U B Herath
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - W A Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Peng J, Yi J, Yang W, Ren J, Wen Y, Zheng H, Li D. Advances in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Proteins Regulating Host Innate Immunity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2046. [PMID: 33162944 PMCID: PMC7581685 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals such as pigs, cattle, and sheep. The disease is caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) which has a non-enveloped virion with icosahedral symmetry that encapsulates a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of ∼8.4 kb. FMDV infection causes obvious immunosuppressive effects on the host. In recent years, studies on the immunosuppressive mechanism of FMDV have become a popular topic. In addition, studies have shown that many FMDV proteins are involved in the regulation of host innate immunity and have revealed mechanisms by which FMDV proteins mediate host innate immunity. In this review, advances in studies on the mechanisms of interaction between FMDV proteins and host innate immunity are summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of FMDV pathogenesis and the theoretical basis for FMD prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Yang B, Zhang X, Zhang D, Hou J, Xu G, Sheng C, Choudhury SM, Zhu Z, Li D, Zhang K, Zheng H, Liu X. Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Escape for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090729. [PMID: 32899635 PMCID: PMC7558374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious vesicular disease in cloven-hoofed livestock that results in severe consequences for international trade, posing a great economic threat to agriculture. The FMDV infection antagonizes the host immune responses via different signaling pathways to achieve immune escape. Strategies to escape the cell immune system are key to effective infection and pathogenesis. This review is focused on summarizing the recent advances to understand how the proteins encoded by FMDV antagonize the host innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keshan Zhang
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-15214078335 (K.Z.)
| | - Haixue Zheng
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-15214078335 (K.Z.)
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22
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Zhang X, Paget M, Wang C, Zhu Z, Zheng H. Innate immune evasion by picornaviruses. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1268-1282. [PMID: 32767562 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The family Picornaviridae comprises a large number of viruses that cause disease in broad spectrum of hosts, which have posed serious public health concerns worldwide and led to significant economic burden. A comprehensive understanding of the virus-host interactions during picornavirus infections will help to prevent and cure these diseases. Upon picornavirus infection, host pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) sense viral RNA to activate host innate immune responses. The activated PRRs initiate signal transduction through a series of adaptor proteins, which leads to activation of several kinases and transcription factors, and contributes to the consequent expression of interferons (IFNs), IFN-inducible antiviral genes, as well as various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In contrast, to maintain viral replication and spread, picornaviruses have evolved several elegant strategies to block innate immune signaling and hinder host antiviral response. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress of how the members of family Picornaviridae counteract host immune response through evasion of PRRs detection, blocking activation of adaptor molecules and kinases, disrupting transcription factors, as well as counteraction of antiviral restriction factors. Such knowledge of immune evasion will help us better understand the pathogenesis of picornaviruses, and provide insights into developing antiviral strategies and improvement of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangle Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Max Paget
- Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, U.S.A
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
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23
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Medina GN, de los Santos T, Diaz-San Segundo F. Use of IFN-Based Biotherapeutics to Harness the Host Against Foot-And-Mouth Disease. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:465. [PMID: 32851039 PMCID: PMC7431487 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals that severely constrains international trade of livestock and animal products. Currently, disease control measures include broad surveillance, enforcement of sanitary policy, and use of an inactivated vaccine. While use of these measures has contributed to eliminating foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from a vast area of the world, the disease remains endemic in three continents, and outbreaks occasionally appear in previously declared FMD-free zones, causing economic and social devastation. Among others, a very fast rate of viral replication and the need for 7 days to achieve vaccine-induced protection are the main limitations in controlling the disease. New fast-acting antiviral strategies targeted to boost the innate immunity of the host to block viral replication are needed. Here we review the knowledge on the multiple strategies FMDV has evolved to block the host innate immunity, with particularly focus on the past and current research toward the development of interferon (IFN)-based biotherapeutics in relevant livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisselle N. Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States
- Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Teresa de los Santos
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States
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Influenza a virus antagonizes type I and type II interferon responses via SOCS1-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1. Virol J 2020; 17:74. [PMID: 32532301 PMCID: PMC7291424 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although influenza A virus (IAV) employs diverse strategies to evade IFN responses by inhibiting the synthesis of IFN, how IAV regulates signaling downstream of IFN is incompletely understood. Methods In this study, we used Western blot-based protein analysis coupled with RT-qPCR, overexpression and RNA interference to investigate the regulation of JAK1 by IAV infection. Results The results indicated that JAK1 was ubiquitinated and degraded, resulting in inhibition of type I and type II IFN responses, demonstrating that IAV antagonizes the IFN-activated JAK/STAT signaling pathway by inducing the degradation of JAK1. Furthermore. IAV infection upregulated the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein SOCS1, and SOCS1 mediated the ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1. Conclusion Collectively, our findings suggest that IAV infection induces SOCS1 expression to promote JAK1 degradation, which in turn inhibits host innate immune responses.
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3A Protein Causes Upregulation of Autophagy-Related Protein LRRC25 To Inhibit the G3BP1-Mediated RIG-Like Helicase-Signaling Pathway. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02086-19. [PMID: 31996428 PMCID: PMC7108857 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02086-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3A inhibits retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicase signaling by degrading G3BP1 protein. Furthermore, FMDV 3A reduces G3BP1 by upregulating the expression of autophagy-related protein LRRC25. Additionally, other picornavirus 3A proteins, such as Seneca Valley virus (SVV) 3A, enterovirus 71 (EV71) 3A, and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 3A, also degrade G3BP1 by upregulating LRRC25 expression. This study will help us improve the design of current vaccines and aid the development of novel control strategies to combat FMD. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most notorious pathogens in the global livestock industry. To establish an infection, FMDV needs to counteract host antiviral responses. Several studies have shown how FMDV suppresses the type I interferon (IFN) response; however, whether FMDV modulates the integrated autophagy and innate immunity remains largely unknown. Here, the porcine Ras-GAP SH3-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) was shown to promote the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicase (RLH) signaling by upregulating the expression of RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). FMDV nonstructural protein 3A interacted with G3BP1 to inhibit G3BP1 expression and G3BP1-mediated RLH signaling by upregulating the expression of autophagy-related protein LRRC25. In addition, 3A proteins of other picornaviruses, including Seneca Valley virus (SVV) 3A, enterovirus 71 (EV71) 3A, and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 3A, also showed similar actions. Taking the data together, we elucidated, for the first time, a novel mechanism by which FMDV has evolved to inhibit IFN signaling and counteract host innate antiviral responses by autophagy. IMPORTANCE We show that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3A inhibits retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicase signaling by degrading G3BP1 protein. Furthermore, FMDV 3A reduces G3BP1 by upregulating the expression of autophagy-related protein LRRC25. Additionally, other picornavirus 3A proteins, such as Seneca Valley virus (SVV) 3A, enterovirus 71 (EV71) 3A, and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 3A, also degrade G3BP1 by upregulating LRRC25 expression. This study will help us improve the design of current vaccines and aid the development of novel control strategies to combat FMD.
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Zhi X, Zhang Y, Sun S, Zhang Z, Dong H, Luo X, Wei Y, Lu Z, Dou Y, Wu R, Jiang Z, Weng C, Seong Seo H, Guo H. NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection mainly induced by viral RNA and non-structural protein 2B. RNA Biol 2019; 17:335-349. [PMID: 31840571 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1700058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a positive-strand RNA virus of the family Picornaviridae. Early studies show that some viruses of Picornaviridae, such as EMCV and EV71, induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our current study demonstrates that FMDV induces the secretion of caspase-1 and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), as well as activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, NLRP3 inflammasome can suppress FMDV replication during virus infection. Both FMDV RNA and viroporin 2B stimulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. FMDV RNA triggers NLRP3 inflammasome through p-NF-κB/p65 pathway not dependent on RIG-I inflammasome. FMDV 2B activates NLRP3 inflammasome through elevation of intracellular ion, but not dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lysosomal cathepsin B. It further demonstrates that 2B viroporin activates NLRP3 inflammasome and induces IL-1β in mice, which enhances the specific immune response against FMDV as an ideal self-adjuvant for FMD VLPs vaccine in guinea pigs. The results reveal a series of regulations between NLRP3 inflammasome complex and FMDV. Amino acids 140-145 of 2B is essential for forming an ion channel. By mutating the amino acid and changing the hydrophobic properties, the helical transmembrane region of the viroporin 2B is altered, so that the 2B is insufficient to trigger the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. This study demonstrates the functions of FMDV RNA and 2B viroporin activate NLRP3 inflammasome and provides some useful information for the development of FMD vaccine self-adjuvant, which is also helpful for the establishment of effective prevention strategies by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TBK1 Mediates the Degradation of Multiple Picornavirus VP3 Proteins by Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01438-19. [PMID: 31534043 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01438-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is essential for interferon beta (IFN-β) production and innate antiviral immunity. However, other, additional functions of TBK1 have remained elusive. Here, we showed that TBK1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that undergoes self-ubiquitylation in vitro in the presence of the E2 enzyme UbcH5c. Further evidence showed that TBK1 could also be self-ubiquitylated in vivo Importantly, multiple picornavirus VP3 proteins were degraded by TBK1 through its kinase and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Mechanistically, TBK1 phosphorylated multiple picornavirus VP3 proteins at serine residues and ubiquitinated them via K63-linked ubiquitination at lysine residues. In addition, the C426 and C605 residues of TBK1 were not essential for TBK1 innate immunity activity; however, these residues were required for degradation of multiple picornavirus VP3 proteins and for its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Hence, our findings identified a novel role of TBK1 in regulating the virus life cycle and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of TBK1-mediated antiviral response.IMPORTANCE TBK1 is an important adaptor protein required for innate immune response to viruses, but its other functions were unknown. In this study, we found that TBK1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that undergoes self-ubiquitylation in vitro in the presence of the E2 enzyme UbcH5c. In addition, multiple picornavirus VP3 proteins were degraded by TBK1 through its kinase and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Our report provides evidence that TBK1 plays a role in viral protein degradation.
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Fu SZ, Yang WP, Ru Y, Zhang KS, Wang Y, Liu XT, Li D, Zheng HX. DDX56 cooperates with FMDV 3A to enhance FMDV replication by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRF3. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109393. [PMID: 31445188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The components of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) interact with host cellular proteins to promote self-replication and evade the host immune response. Previous studies have shown that FMDV 3A, 2C and 2B proteins interact with host cellular proteins involved in FMDV replication. However, whether the other host proteins have an impact on FMDV replication is less understood. In this study, we identified DDX56 as a positive regulator of FMDV replication. DDX56 overexpression increased FMDV replication, whereas DDX56 knockdown had the opposite effect. DDX56 interacted and cooperated with FMDV 3A to inhibit the type I interferon by reducing the phosphorylation of IRF3. Moreover, the D166 site of DDX56 played a role in increasing FMDV replication and cooperating with FMDV 3A to inhibit the phosphorylation of IRF3. Additionally, knockdown of DDX56 or FMDV 3A results also showed that DDX56 cooperated with FMDV 3A to inhibit the phosphorylation of IRF3. These results suggest that the interaction between FMDV 3A protein and the host protein DDX56 is critical for FMDV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Zu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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29
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Poly (rC) binding protein 2 interacts with VP0 and increases the replication of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:516. [PMID: 31273191 PMCID: PMC6609712 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious and debilitating disease in cloven-hoofed animals, which leads to devastating economic consequences. Previous studies have reported that some FMDV proteins can interact with host proteins to affect FMDV replication. However, the influence of the interactions between FMDV VP0 protein and its partners on FMDV replication remains unknown. In this study, we found that the overexpression of poly (rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) promoted FMDV replication, whereas the knockdown of PCBP2 suppressed FMDV replication. Furthermore, PCBP2 can interact with FMDV VP0 protein to promote the degradation of VISA via the apoptotic pathway. Further studies demonstrated that FMDV VP0 protein enhanced the formation of the PCBP2-VISA complex. Ultimately, we found that the degradation of VISA was weaker in PCBP2-knockdown and FMDV VP0-overexpressing cells, or FMDV VP0-knockdown cells than in the control cells. Summarily, our data revealed that the interaction between PCBP2 and VP0 could promote FMDV replication via the apoptotic pathway.
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30
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Cellular DNAJA3, a Novel VP1-Interacting Protein, Inhibits Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication by Inducing Lysosomal Degradation of VP1 and Attenuating Its Antagonistic Role in the Beta Interferon Signaling Pathway. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00588-19. [PMID: 30996089 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00588-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A3 (DNAJA3) plays an important role in viral infections. However, the role of DNAJA3 in replication of foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) remains unknown. In this study, DNAJA3, a novel binding partner of VP1, was identified using yeast two-hybrid screening. The DNAJA3-VP1 interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization in FMDV-infected cells. The J domain of DNAJA3 (amino acids 1 to 168) and the lysine at position 208 (K208) of VP1 were shown to be critical for the DNAJA3-VP1 interaction. Overexpression of DNAJA3 dramatically dampened FMDV replication, whereas loss of function of DNAJA3 elicited opposing effects against FMDV replication. Mechanistical study demonstrated that K208 of VP1 was critical for reducing virus titer caused by DNAJA3 using K208A mutant virus. DNAJA3 induced lysosomal degradation of VP1 by interacting with LC3 to enhance the activation of lysosomal pathway. Meanwhile, we discovered that VP1 suppressed the beta interferon (IFN-β) signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. This inhibitory effect was considerably boosted in DNAJA3-knockout cells. In contrast, overexpression of DNAJA3 markedly attenuated VP1-mediated suppression on the IFN-β signaling pathway. Poly(I⋅C)-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 was also decreased in DNAJA3-knockout cells compared to that in the DNAJA3-WT cells. In conclusion, our study described a novel role for DNAJA3 in the host's antiviral response by inducing the lysosomal degradation of VP1 and attenuating the VP1-induced suppressive effect on the IFN-β signaling pathway.IMPORTANCE This study pioneeringly determined the antiviral role of DNAJA3 in FMDV. DNAJA3 was found to interact with FMDV VP1 and trigger its degradation via the lysosomal pathway. In addition, this study is also the first to clarify the mechanism by which VP1 suppressed IFN-β signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. Moreover, DNAJA3 significantly abrogated VP1-induced inhibitive effect on the IFN-β signaling pathway. These data suggested that DNAJA3 plays an important antiviral role against FMDV by both degrading VP1 and restoring of IFN-β signaling pathway.
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31
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Medina GN, Segundo FDS, Stenfeldt C, Arzt J, de Los Santos T. The Different Tactics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus to Evade Innate Immunity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2644. [PMID: 30483224 PMCID: PMC6241212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Like all pathogens, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is recognized by the immune system inducing a heightened immune response mainly mediated by type I and type III IFNs. To overcome the strong antiviral response induced by these cytokines, FMDV has evolved many strategies exploiting each region of its small RNA genome. These include: (a) inhibition of IFN induction at the transcriptional and translational level, (b) inhibition of protein trafficking; (c) blockage of specific post-translational modifications in proteins that regulate innate immune signaling; (d) modulation of autophagy; (e) inhibition of stress granule formation; and (f) in vivo modulation of immune cell function. Here, we summarize and discuss FMDV virulence factors and the host immune footprint that characterize infection in cell culture and in the natural hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisselle N Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Orient, NY, United States.,Codagenix Inc., Farmingdale, NY, United States
| | - Fayna Díaz-San Segundo
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Orient, NY, United States.,Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY, United States
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Orient, NY, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Orient, NY, United States
| | - Teresa de Los Santos
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Orient, NY, United States
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32
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Feng HH, Zhu ZX, Cao WJ, Yang F, Zhang XL, Du XL, Zhang KS, Liu XT, Zheng HX. Foot-and-mouth disease virus induces lysosomal degradation of NME1 to impair p53-regulated interferon-inducible antiviral genes expression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:885. [PMID: 30158514 PMCID: PMC6115381 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NME1) is well-known as a tumor suppressor that regulates p53 function to prevent cancer metastasis and progression. However, the role of NME1 in virus-infected cells remains unknown. Here, we showed that NME1 suppresses viral replication in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-infected cells. NME1-enhanced p53-mediated transcriptional activity and induction of interferon-inducible antiviral genes expression. FMDV infection decreased NME1 protein expression. The 2B and VP4 proteins were identified as the viral factors that induced reduction of NME1. FMDV 2B protein has a suppressive effect on host protein expression. We measured, for the first time, VP4-induced lysosomal degradation of host protein; VP4-induced degradation of NME1 through the macroautophagy pathway, and impaired p53-mediated signaling. p53 plays significant roles in antiviral innate immunity by inducing several interferon-inducible antiviral genes expression, such as, ISG20, IRF9, RIG-I, and ISG15. VP4 promoted interaction of p53 with murine double minute 2 (MDM2) through downregulation of NME1 resulting in destabilization of p53. Therefore, 5-flurouracil-induced upregulation of ISG20, IRF9, RIG-I, and ISG15 were suppressed by VP4. VP4-induced reduction of NME1 was not related to the well-characterized blocking effect of FMDV on cellular translation, and no direct interaction was detected between NME1 and VP4. The 15-30 and 75-85 regions of VP4 were determined to be crucial for VP4-induced reduction of NME1. Deletion of these VP4 regions also inhibited the suppressive effect of VP4 on NME1-enhanced p53 signaling. In conclusion, these data suggest an antiviral role of NME1 by regulation of p53-mediated antiviral innate immunity in virus-infected cells, and reveal an antagonistic mechanism of FMDV that is mediated by VP4 to block host innate immune antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China.
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33
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Ma XX, Ma LN, Chang QY, Ma P, Li LJ, Wang YY, Ma ZR, Cao X. Type I Interferon Induced and Antagonized by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1862. [PMID: 30150977 PMCID: PMC6099088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections trigger the innate immune system, serving as the first line of defense, and are characterized by the production of type I interferon (IFN). Type I IFN is expressed in a broad spectrum of cells and tissues in the host and includes various subtypes (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-δ, IFN-ε, IFN-κ, IFN-τ, IFN-ω, IFN-ν, and IFN-ζ). Since the discovery of type I IFN, our knowledge of the biology of type I IFN has accumulated immensely, and we now have a substantial amount of information on the molecular mechanisms of the response and induction of type I IFN, as well as the strategies utilized by viruses to evade the type I IFN response. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can selectively alter cellular pathways to promote viral replication and evade antiviral immune activation of type I IFN. RNA molecules generated by FMDV are sensed by the cellular receptor for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). FMDV preferentially activates different sensor molecules and various signal transduction pathways. Based on knowledge of the virus or RNA pathogen specificity as well as the function-structure relationship of RNA sensing, it is necessary to summarize numerous signaling adaptors that are reported to participate in the regulation of IFN gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Ma
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chang
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin-Jie Li
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Ren Ma
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Liu H, Xue Q, Cao W, Yang F, Ma L, Liu W, Zhang K, Liu X, Zhu Z, Zheng H. Foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural protein 2B interacts with cyclophilin A, modulating virus replication. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201701351. [PMID: 29906248 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious virus that affects cloven-hoofed animals. To understand better the role of nonstructural protein 2B of the causative agent FMD virus (FMDV) in the process of virus replication, we identified a porcine host protein, cyclophilin A (CypA), which interacts with FMDV 2B. The 2B-CypA interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. CypA showed antiviral functions during FMDV infection. Overexpression of CypA decreased FMDV leader protein (Lpro) and 3A at protein levels. CypA-induced reduction of Lpro enhanced the synthesis of host proteins and increased the integrality of host eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)-4γ (eIF4G). The reduction of Lpro and 3A was dependent on the proteasome pathway. No interaction was identified between CypA and Lpro or 3A. However, CypA-induced reduction of Lpro and 3A was suppressed by 2B, and disruption of 2B-CypA interaction impaired this inhibitive effect induced by 2B. In summary, our findings identify the antiviral role of CypA against FMDV and provide key insights into how FMDV antagonizes host antiviral response by 2B protein.-Liu, H., Xue, Q., Cao, W., Yang, F., Ma, L., Liu, W., Zhang, K., Liu, X., Zhu, Z., Zheng, H. Foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural protein 2B interacts with cyclophilin A, modulating virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linna Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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35
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Zhi X, Lv J, Wei Y, Du P, Chang Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Wu R, Guo H. Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection stimulates innate immune signaling in the mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Can J Microbiol 2017; 64:155-166. [PMID: 29253356 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against invasion by bacterial and viral pathogens. The role of macrophages in innate immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is poorly understood. To determine the mechanism underlying activation of innate immunity after FMDV infection in macrophages, we performed FMDV infection in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and found that FMDV serotype O infection induced a cytopathic effect. We then evaluated the gene expression profile in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells after FMDV infection using systematic microarray analysis. Gene ontology annotation and enrichment analysis revealed that FMDV promoted expression in a group of genes that are enriched in innate immune response and inflammatory response processes. Further research demonstrated that FMDV serotype O infection enhanced NF-κB, Toll-like, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways and proteins expression and increased transcription and expression of a series of cytokines and interferons, as proved by qRT-PCR, Western blot, ELISA, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Our study concluded that FMDV infection triggers the innate immune response in macrophages after activation of multiple innate immune pathway receptors and proteins by FMDV serotype O, resulting in activation and secretion of a series of cytokines and interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhi
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China.,b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Lv
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanquan Wei
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Du
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Chang
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China.,b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China.,c College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Wu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China
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The Kinase STK3 Interacts with the Viral Structural Protein VP1 and Inhibits Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2481348. [PMID: 29226127 PMCID: PMC5684521 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2481348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of FMD, which affects domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. The structural protein VP1 plays an important role in FMDV pathogenesis. However, the interacting partners of VP1 in host cells and the effects of these interactions in FMDV replication remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we identified a porcine cell protein, serine/threonine kinase 3 (STK3), which interacts with FMDV VP1 using the yeast two-hybrid system. The VP1-STK3 interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation experiments in human embryonic kidney 293T and porcine kidney 15 (PK-15) cells. The carboxyl-terminal region (amino acids 180–214) of VP1 was essential for its interaction with STK3. The effects of overexpression and underexpressing of STK3 in PK-15 cells were assessed, and the results indicated that STK3 significantly inhibited FMDV replication. Our data expand the role of STK3 during viral infection, provide new information regarding the host cell kinases that are involved in viral replication, and identify potential targets for future antiviral strategies.
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Wu X, Zhang T, Meng F, Guo D, Yin X, Wulin S, Li C, Zhang Q, Liu M, Zhang Y. Mapping a Type-specific Epitope by Monoclonal Antibody against VP3 Protein of Duck Hepatitis A Type 1 Virus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10820. [PMID: 28883462 PMCID: PMC5589924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A subtype 1 virus (DHAV-1) infection causes high mortality in ducklings, resulting in significant losses to duck industries. VP3 is a structural protein of DHAV-1. However, B-cell epitopes on VP3 have not been investigated. To stimulate VP3 antibody response, eukaryotic expression plasmid pCI-neo-VP3 was constructed and used as DNA immunogen to prepare mAbs. Western blot showed that 25.5 kDa VP3 could be detected by mAbs in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells transfected with pCI-neo-VP3. Immunofluorescence assay showed that mAbs could specifically bind to DEF cells infected with DHAV-1. DAPI staining indicated that VP3 localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus of DHAV-1 infected DEF. With neutralizing mAb 3B7, minimal epitope PSNI was mapped. Sequence alignment indicated that 205PSNI208 is highly conserved among DHAV-1, but different from those of DHAV-2 and DHAV-3. Epitope peptide reacted specifically with DHAV-1-positive duck sera by dot blotting, revealing PSNI is DHAV-1 type-specific epitope and the importance of these amino acids in antibody-epitope binding reactivity. These findings provided useful information for understanding the antigenicity of VP3 and might be valuable in the development of epitope-based vaccine or diagnostic kit for DHAV-1 infection and provide insights for understanding the pathogenesis of DHAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Dongchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiuchen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shaozhou Wulin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qingshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Peng Q, Lan X, Wang C, Ren Y, Yue N, Wang J, Zhong B, Zhu Q. Kobuvirus VP3 protein restricts the IFN-β-triggered signaling pathway by inhibiting STAT2-IRF9 and STAT2-STAT2 complex formation. Virology 2017; 507:161-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rodríguez Pulido M, Sáiz M. Molecular Mechanisms of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Targeting the Host Antiviral Response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:252. [PMID: 28660175 PMCID: PMC5468379 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of an acute vesicular disease affecting pigs, cattle and other domestic, and wild animals worldwide. The aim of the host interferon (IFN) response is to limit viral replication and spread. Detection of the viral genome and products by specialized cellular sensors initiates a signaling cascade that leads to a rapid antiviral response involving the secretion of type I- and type III-IFNs and other antiviral cytokines with antiproliferative and immunomodulatory functions. During co-evolution with their hosts, viruses have acquired strategies to actively counteract host antiviral responses and the balance between innate response and viral antagonism may determine the outcome of disease and pathogenesis. FMDV proteases Lpro and 3C have been found to antagonize the host IFN response by a repertoire of mechanisms. Moreover, the putative role of other viral proteins in IFN antagonism is being recently unveiled, uncovering sophisticated immune evasion strategies different to those reported to date for other members of the Picornaviridae family. Here, we review the interplay between antiviral responses induced by FMDV infection and viral countermeasures to block them. Research on strategies used by viruses to modulate immunity will provide insights into the function of host pathways involved in defense against pathogens and will also lead to development of new therapeutic strategies to fight virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rodríguez Pulido
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Sáiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM)Madrid, Spain
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Huang L, Xiong T, Yu H, Zhang Q, Zhang K, Li C, Hu L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Liu Q, Wang S, He X, Bu Z, Cai X, Cui S, Li J, Weng C. Encephalomyocarditis virus 3C protease attenuates type I interferon production through disrupting the TANK-TBK1-IKKε-IRF3 complex. Biochem J 2017; 474:2051-2065. [PMID: 28487378 PMCID: PMC5465970 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TRAF family member-associated NF-κB activator (TANK) is a scaffold protein that assembles into the interferon (IFN) regulator factor 3 (IRF3)-phosphorylating TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-(IκB) kinase ε (IKKε) complex, where it is involved in regulating phosphorylation of the IRF3 and IFN production. However, the functions of TANK in encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection-induced type I IFN production are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that, instead of stimulating type I IFN production, the EMCV-HB10 strain infection potently inhibited Sendai virus- and polyI:C-induced IRF3 phosphorylation and type I IFN production in HEK293T cells. Mechanistically, EMCV 3C protease (EMCV 3C) cleaved TANK and disrupted the TANK-TBK1-IKKε-IRF3 complex, which resulted in the reduction in IRF3 phosphorylation and type I IFN production. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that EMCV adopts a novel strategy to evade host innate immune responses through cleavage of TANK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434100, China
| | - Huibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434100, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Changyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Qinfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Xijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China
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Fan X, Han S, Yan D, Gao Y, Wei Y, Liu X, Liao Y, Guo H, Sun S. Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection suppresses autophagy and NF-кB antiviral responses via degradation of ATG5-ATG12 by 3C pro. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2561. [PMID: 28102839 PMCID: PMC5386389 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy-related protein ATG5-ATG12 is an essential complex for the autophagophore elongation in autophagy, which has been reported to be involved in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication. Previous reports show that ATG5-ATG12 positively or negatively regulates type I interferon (IFN-α/β) pathway during virus infection. In this study, we found that FMDV infection rapidly induced LC3 lipidation and GFP-LC3 subcellular redistribution at the early infection stage in PK-15 cells. Along with infection time course to 2-5 h.p.i., the levels of LC3II and ATG5-ATG12 were gradually reduced. Further study showed that ATG5-ATG12 was degraded by viral protein 3Cpro, demonstrating that FMDV suppresses autophagy along with viral protein production. Depletion of ATG5-ATG12 by siRNA knock down significantly increased the FMDV yields, whereas overexpression of ATG5-ATG12 had the opposite effects, suggesting that degradation of ATG5-ATG12 benefits virus growth. Further experiment showed that overexpression of ATG5-ATG12 positively regulated NF-кB pathway during FMDV infection, marked with promotion of IKKα/β phosphorylation and IκBα degradation, inhibition of p65 degradation, and facilitation of p65 nuclear translocation. Meanwhile, ATG5-ATG12 also promoted the phosphorylation of TBK1 and activation of IRF3 via preventing TRAF3 degradation. The positive regulation of NF-кB and IRF3 pathway by ATG5-ATG12 resulted in enhanced expression of IFN-β, chemokines/cytokines, and IFN stimulated genes, including anti-viral protein PKR. Altogether, above findings suggest that ATG5-ATG12 positively regulate anti-viral NF-κB and IRF3 signaling during FMDV infection, thereby limiting FMDV proliferation. FMDV has evolved mechanisms to counteract the antiviral function of ATG5-ATG12, via degradation of them by viral protein 3Cpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Shichong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yanquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
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