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Bai Y, Zhao F, Wu T, Chen F, Pang X. Actin polymerization and depolymerization in developing vertebrates. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1213668. [PMID: 37745245 PMCID: PMC10515290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is a complex process that occurs throughout the life cycle. F-actin, a major component of the cytoskeleton, is essential for the morphogenesis of tissues and organs during development. F-actin is formed by the polymerization of G-actin, and the dynamic balance of polymerization and depolymerization ensures proper cellular function. Disruption of this balance results in various abnormalities and defects or even embryonic lethality. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the structure of G-actin and F-actin and the polymerization of G-actin to F-actin. We also focused on the functions of actin isoforms and the underlying mechanisms of actin polymerization/depolymerization in cellular and organic morphogenesis during development. This information will extend our understanding of the role of actin polymerization in the physiologic or pathologic processes during development and may open new avenues for developing therapeutics for embryonic developmental abnormalities or tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangchun Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Zhang W, Li X, Jiang Y, Zhou M, Liu L, Su S, Xu C, Li X, Wang C. Genetic architecture and selection of Anhui autochthonous pig population revealed by whole genome resequencing. Front Genet 2022; 13:1022261. [PMID: 36324508 PMCID: PMC9618877 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic resources among pigs in Anhui Province are diverse, but their value and potential have yet to be discovered. To illustrate the genetic diversity and population structure of the Anhui pigs population, we resequenced the genome of 150 pigs from six representative Anhui pigs populations and analyzed this data together with the sequencing data from 40 Asian wild boars and commercial pigs. Our results showed that Anhui pigs were divided into two distinct types based on ancestral descent: Wannan Spotted pig (WSP) and Wannan Black pig (WBP) origins from the same ancestor and the other four populations origins from another ancestor. We also identified several potential selective sweep regions associated with domestication characteristics among Anhui pigs, including reproduction-associated genes (CABS1, INSL6, MAP3K12, IGF1R, INSR, LIMK2, PATZ1, MAPK1), lipid- and meat-related genes (SNX19, MSTN, MC5R, PRKG1, CREBBP, ADCY9), and ear size genes (MSRB3 and SOX5). Therefore, these findings expand the catalogue and how these genetic differences among pigs and this newly generated data will be a valuable resource for future genetic studies and for improving genome-assisted breeding of pigs and other domesticated animals.
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Wang X, Ran X, Niu X, Huang S, Li S, Wang J. Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals selection signatures for important economic traits in Xiang pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11823. [PMID: 35821031 PMCID: PMC9276726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiang pig (XP) is one of the best-known indigenous pig breeds in China, which is characterized by its small body size, strong disease resistance, high adaptability, favorite meat quality, small litter sizes, and early sexual maturity. However, the genomic evidence that links these unique traits of XP is still poorly understood. To identify the genomic signatures of selection in XP, we performed whole-genome resequencing on 25 unrelated individual XPs. We obtained 876.70 Gb of raw data from the genomic libraries. The LD analysis showed that the lowest level of linkage disequilibrium was observed in Xiang pig. Comparative genomic analysis between XPs and other breeds including Tibetan, Meishan, Duroc and Landrace revealed 3062, 1228, 907 and 1519 selected regions, respectively. The genes identified in selected regions of XPs were associated with growth and development processes (IGF1R, PROP1, TBX19, STAC3, RLF, SELENOM, MSTN), immunity and disease resistance (ZCCHC2, SERPINB2, ADGRE5, CYP7B1, STAT6, IL2, CD80, RHBDD3, PIK3IP1), environmental adaptation (NR2E1, SERPINB8, SERPINB10, SLC26A7, MYO1A, SDR9C7, UVSSA, EXPH5, VEGFC, PDE1A), reproduction (CCNB2, TRPM6, EYA3, CYP7B1, LIMK2, RSPO1, ADAM32, SPAG16), meat quality traits (DECR1, EWSR1), and early sexual maturity (TAC3). Through the absolute allele frequency difference (ΔAF) analysis, we explored two population-specific missense mutations occurred in NR6A1 and LTBP2 genes, which well explained that the vertebrae numbers of Xiang pigs were less than that of the European pig breeds. Our results indicated that Xiang pigs were less affected by artificial selection than the European and Meishan pig breeds. The selected candidate genes were mainly involved in growth and development, disease resistance, reproduction, meat quality, and early sexual maturity. This study provided a list of functional candidate genes, as well as a number of genetic variants, which would provide insight into the molecular basis for the unique traits of Xiang pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Wang
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservative and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science and College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, China
| | - Xueqin Ran
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservative and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science and College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xi Niu
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservative and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science and College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shihui Huang
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservative and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science and College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservative and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science and College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiafu Wang
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservative and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science and College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Ribba AS, Fraboulet S, Sadoul K, Lafanechère L. The Role of LIM Kinases during Development: A Lens to Get a Glimpse of Their Implication in Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030403. [PMID: 35159213 PMCID: PMC8834001 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of cell populations within animal tissues is essential for the morphogenesis of organs during development. Cells recognize three-dimensional positions with respect to the whole organism and regulate their cell shape, motility, migration, polarization, growth, differentiation, gene expression and cell death according to extracellular signals. Remodeling of the actin filaments is essential to achieve these cell morphological changes. Cofilin is an important binding protein for these filaments; it increases their elasticity in terms of flexion and torsion and also severs them. The activity of cofilin is spatiotemporally inhibited via phosphorylation by the LIM domain kinases 1 and 2 (LIMK1 and LIMK2). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the phospho-regulation of cofilin has evolved as a mechanism controlling the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during complex multicellular processes, such as those that occur during embryogenesis. In this context, the main objective of this review is to provide an update of the respective role of each of the LIM kinases during embryonic development.
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Zhang W, Yang M, Zhou M, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Ding Y, Zhao G, Yin Z, Wang C. Identification of Signatures of Selection by Whole-Genome Resequencing of a Chinese Native Pig. Front Genet 2020; 11:566255. [PMID: 33093844 PMCID: PMC7527633 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of genomic signatures of selection that help reveal genetic mechanisms underlying traits in domesticated pigs is of importance. Anqing six-end-white pig (ASP), a representative of the native breeds in China, has many distinguishing phenotypic characteristics. To identify the genomic signatures of selection of the ASP, whole-genome sequencing of 20 ASPs produced 469.01 Gb of sequence data and more than 26 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Combining these data with the available whole genomes of 13 Chinese wild boars, 157 selected regions harboring 48 protein-coding genes were identified by applying the polymorphism levels (θπ) and genetic differentiation (FST) based cross approaches. The genes found to be positively selected in ASP are involved in crucial biological processes such as coat color (MC1R), salivary secretion (STATH), reproduction (SPIRE2, OSBP2, LIMK2, FANCA, and CABS1), olfactory transduction (OR5K4), and growth (NPY1R, NPY5R, and SELENOM). Our research increased the knowledge of ASP phenotype-related genes and help to improve our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and provide valuable genetic resources that enable effective use of pigs in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanlang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yueyun Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guiying Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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Horii T, Kobayashi R, Kimura M, Morita S, Hatada I. Calcium-Free and Cytochalasin B Treatment Inhibits Blastomere Fusion in 2-Cell Stage Embryos for the Generation of Floxed Mice via Sequential Electroporation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051088. [PMID: 32354036 PMCID: PMC7290713 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of conditional knockout mice using the Cre-loxP system is advantageous for the functional analysis of genes. Flanked by two loxP sites (floxed) mice can be directly obtained from fertilized eggs by the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. We previously reported that sequential knock-in (KI) of each loxP site by electroporation (EP) at the 1- and 2-cell embryonic stages increases the number of mice with floxed alleles compared with simultaneous KI. However, EP at the 2-cell stage frequently induced blastomere fusion. These fused embryos cannot develop to term because they are tetraploidized. In this study, we examined the following three conditions to inhibit blastomere fusion by EP at the 2-cell stage: (1) hypertonic treatment, (2) Calcium (Ca2+)-free treatment, and (3) actin polymerization inhibition. Hypertonic treatment of 2-cell stage embryos prevented blastomere fusion and facilitated blastocyst development; however, KI efficiency was decreased. Ca2+-free treatment and actin polymerization inhibition by cytochalasin B (CB) reduced fusion rate, and did not have negative effects on development and KI efficiency. These results suggest that Ca2+-free and CB treatment at the 2-cell stage is effective to generate floxed mice in combination with a sequential EP method.
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Kwon J, Seong MJ, Piao X, Jo YJ, Kim NH. LIMK1/2 are required for actin filament and cell junction assembly in porcine embryos developing in vitro. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1579-1589. [PMID: 32054159 PMCID: PMC7463081 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the roles of LIM kinases (LIMK1 and LIMK2) during porcine early embryo development. We checked the mRNA expression patterns and localization of LIMK1/2 to evaluate their characterization. We further explored the function of LIMK1/2 in developmental competence and their relationship between actin assembly and cell junction integrity, specifically during the first cleavage and compaction. Methods Pig ovaries were transferred from a local slaughterhouse within 1 h and cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected. COCs were matured in in vitro maturation medium in a CO2 incubator. Metaphase II oocytes were activated using an Electro Cell Manipulator 2001 and microinjected to insert LIMK1/2 dsRNA into the cytoplasm. To confirm the roles of LIMK1/2 during compaction and subsequent blastocyst formation, we employed a LIMK inhibitor (LIMKi3). Results LIMK1/2 was localized in cytoplasm in embryos and co-localized with actin in cell-to-cell boundaries after the morula stage. LIMK1/2 knockdown using LIMK1/2 dsRNA significantly decreased the cleavage rate, compared to the control group. Protein levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin, present in adherens junctions, were reduced at the cell-to-cell boundaries in the LIMK1/2 knockdown embryos. Embryos treated with LIMKi3 at the morula stage failed to undergo compaction and could not develop into blastocysts. Actin intensity at the cortical region was considerably reduced in LIMKi3-treated embryos. LIMKi3-induced decrease in cortical actin levels was attributed to the disruption of adherens junction and tight junction assembly. Phosphorylation of cofilin was also reduced in LIMKi3-treated embryos. Conclusion The above results suggest that LIMK1/2 is crucial for cleavage and compaction through regulation of actin organization and cell junction assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Kwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Seong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea
| | - Xuanjing Piao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jo
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56216, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk Natonal University, Cheongju 28864, Korea.,School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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