1
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Cotton MJ, Ariel P, Chen K, Walcott VA, Dixit M, Breau KA, Hinesley CM, Kedziora KM, Tang CY, Zheng A, Magness ST, Burclaff J. An in vitro platform for quantifying cell cycle phase lengths in primary human intestinal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15195. [PMID: 38956443 PMCID: PMC11219882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium dynamically controls cell cycle, yet no experimental platform exists for directly analyzing cell cycle phases in non-immortalized human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Here, we present two reporters and a complete platform for analyzing cell cycle phases in live primary human IECs. We interrogate the transcriptional identity of IECs grown on soft collagen, develop two fluorescent cell cycle reporter IEC lines, design and 3D print a collagen press to make chamber slides for optimal imaging while supporting primary human IEC growth, live image cell cycle dynamics, then assemble a computational pipeline building upon free-to-use programs for semi-automated analysis of cell cycle phases. The PIP-FUCCI construct allows for assigning cell cycle phase from a single image of living cells, and our PIP-H2A construct allows for semi-automated direct quantification of cell cycle phase lengths using our publicly available computational pipeline. Treating PIP-FUCCI IECs with oligomycin demonstrates that inhibiting mitochondrial respiration lengthens G1 phase, and PIP-H2A cells allow us to measure that oligomycin differentially lengthens S and G2/M phases across heterogeneous IECs. These platforms provide opportunities for future studies on pharmaceutical effects on the intestinal epithelium, cell cycle regulation, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cotton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Pablo Ariel
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Vanessa A Walcott
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michelle Dixit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Caroline M Hinesley
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Kedziora
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging (CBI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anna Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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2
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Wakasa T, Nonaka K, Harada A, Ohkawa Y, Kikutake C, Suyama M, Kobunai T, Tsunekuni K, Matsuoka K, Kataoka Y, Ochiiwa H, Miyadera K, Sagara T, Oki E, Ohdo S, Maehara Y, Iimori M, Kitao H. The anti-tumor effect of trifluridine via induction of aberrant mitosis is unaffected by mutations modulating p53 activity. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:307. [PMID: 38956056 PMCID: PMC11219725 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The fluorinated thymidine analog trifluridine (FTD) is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used to treat cancer; however, the mechanism by which FTD induces cytotoxicity is not fully understood. In addition, the effect of gain-of-function (GOF) missense mutations of the TP53 gene (encoding p53), which promote cancer progression and chemotherapeutic drug resistance, on the chemotherapeutic efficacy of FTD is unclear. Here, we revealed the mechanisms by which FTD-induced aberrant mitosis and contributed to cytotoxicity in both p53-null and p53-GOF missense mutant cells. In p53-null mutant cells, FTD-induced DNA double-stranded breaks, single-stranded DNA accumulation, and the associated DNA damage responses during the G2 phase. Nevertheless, FTD-induced DNA damage and the related responses were not sufficient to trigger strict G2/M checkpoint arrest. Thus, these features were carried over into mitosis, resulting in chromosome breaks and bridges, and subsequent cytokinesis failure. Improper mitotic exit eventually led to cell apoptosis, caused by the accumulation of extensive DNA damage and the presence of micronuclei encapsulated in the disrupted nuclear envelope. Upon FTD treatment, the behavior of the p53-GOF-missense mutant, isogenic cell lines, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, was similar to that of p53-null mutant cells. Thus, our data suggest that FTD treatment overrode the effect on gene expression induced by p53-GOF mutants and exerted its anti-tumor activity in a manner that was independent of the p53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Wakasa
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nonaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Kyushu Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chie Kikutake
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Kyushu Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Iimori
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
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3
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Michael C, Mendonça-Gomes JM, DePaolo CW, Di Cristofano A, de Oliveira S. A zebrafish xenotransplant model of anaplastic thyroid cancer to study tumor microenvironment and innate immune cell interactions in vivo. Endocr Relat Cancer 2024; 31:e230195. [PMID: 38657656 PMCID: PMC11160356 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is of the most aggressive thyroid cancer. While ATC is rare, it accounts for a disproportionately high number of thyroid cancer-related deaths. Here, we developed an ATC xenotransplant model in zebrafish larvae, where we can study tumorigenesis and therapeutic response in vivo. Using both mouse (T4888M) and human (C643)-derived fluorescently labeled ATC cell lines, we show these cell lines display different engraftment rates, mass volume, proliferation, cell death, angiogenic potential, and neutrophil and macrophage recruitment and infiltration. Next, using a PIP-FUCCI reporter to track proliferation in vivo, we observed cells in each phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, we performed long-term non-invasive intravital microscopy over 48 h to understand cellular dynamics in the tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level. Lastly, we tested two drug treatments, AZD2014 and a combination therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib, to show our model could be used as an effective screening platform for new therapeutic compounds for ATC. Altogether, we show that zebrafish xenotransplants make a great model to study thyroid carcinogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, while also being a suitable model to test new therapeutics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Michael
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Clinton Walton DePaolo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sofia de Oliveira
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hepatology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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4
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Becker IC, Wilkie AR, Nikols E, Carminita E, Roweth HG, Tilburg J, Sciaudone AR, Noetzli LJ, Fatima F, Couldwell G, Ray A, Mogilner A, Machlus KR, Italiano JE. Cell cycle-dependent centrosome clustering precedes proplatelet formation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl6153. [PMID: 38896608 PMCID: PMC11186502 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl6153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Platelet-producing megakaryocytes (MKs) primarily reside in the bone marrow, where they duplicate their DNA content with each cell cycle resulting in polyploid cells with an intricate demarcation membrane system. While key elements of the cytoskeletal reorganizations during proplatelet formation have been identified, what initiates the release of platelets into vessel sinusoids remains largely elusive. Using a cell cycle indicator, we observed a unique phenomenon, during which amplified centrosomes in MKs underwent clustering following mitosis, closely followed by proplatelet formation, which exclusively occurred in G1 of interphase. Forced cell cycle arrest in G1 increased proplatelet formation not only in vitro but also in vivo following short-term starvation of mice. We identified that inhibition of the centrosomal protein kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1) impaired clustering and subsequent proplatelet formation, while KIFC1-deficient mice exhibited reduced platelet counts. In summary, we identified KIFC1- and cell cycle-mediated centrosome clustering as an important initiator of proplatelet formation from MKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C. Becker
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrian R. Wilkie
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma Nikols
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Estelle Carminita
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harvey G. Roweth
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Tilburg
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Leila J. Noetzli
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Farheen Fatima
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Anjana Ray
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph E. Italiano
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Calistri NL, Liby TA, Hu Z, Zhang H, Dane M, Gross SM, Heiser LM. TNBC response to paclitaxel phenocopies interferon response which reveals cell cycle-associated resistance mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.596911. [PMID: 38895265 PMCID: PMC11185620 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.596911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a standard of care neoadjuvant therapy for patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, it shows limited benefit for locally advanced or metastatic disease. Here we used a coordinated experimental-computational approach to explore the influence of paclitaxel on the cellular and molecular responses of TNBC cells. We found that escalating doses of paclitaxel resulted in multinucleation, promotion of senescence, and initiation of DNA damage induced apoptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of TNBC cells after paclitaxel treatment revealed upregulation of innate immune programs canonically associated with interferon response and downregulation of cell cycle progression programs. Systematic exploration of transcriptional responses to paclitaxel and cancer-associated microenvironmental factors revealed common gene programs induced by paclitaxel, IFNB, and IFNG. Transcription factor (TF) enrichment analysis identified 13 TFs that were both enriched based on activity of downstream targets and also significantly upregulated after paclitaxel treatment. Functional assessment with siRNA knockdown confirmed that the TFs FOSL1, NFE2L2 and ELF3 mediate cellular proliferation and also regulate nuclear structure. We further explored the influence of these TFs on paclitaxel-induced cell cycle behavior via live cell imaging, which revealed altered progression rates through G1, S/G2 and M phases. We found that ELF3 knockdown synergized with paclitaxel treatment to lock cells in a G1 state and prevent cell cycle progression. Analysis of publicly available breast cancer patient data showed that high ELF3 expression was associated with poor prognosis and enrichment programs associated with cell cycle progression. Together these analyses disentangle the diverse aspects of paclitaxel response and identify ELF3 upregulation as a putative biomarker of paclitaxel resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Calistri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Oregon
| | - Tiera A. Liby
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Oregon
| | - Zhi Hu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Oregon
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Oregon
| | - Mark Dane
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Oregon
| | - Sean M. Gross
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Oregon
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Oregon
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6
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Choksi SP, Byrnes LE, Konjikusic MJ, Tsai BWH, Deleon R, Lu Q, Westlake CJ, Reiter JF. An alternative cell cycle coordinates multiciliated cell differentiation. Nature 2024; 630:214-221. [PMID: 38811726 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The canonical mitotic cell cycle coordinates DNA replication, centriole duplication and cytokinesis to generate two cells from one1. Some cells, such as mammalian trophoblast giant cells, use cell cycle variants like the endocycle to bypass mitosis2. Differentiating multiciliated cells, found in the mammalian airway, brain ventricles and reproductive tract, are post-mitotic but generate hundreds of centrioles, each of which matures into a basal body and nucleates a motile cilium3,4. Several cell cycle regulators have previously been implicated in specific steps of multiciliated cell differentiation5,6. Here we show that differentiating multiciliated cells integrate cell cycle regulators into a new alternative cell cycle, which we refer to as the multiciliation cycle. The multiciliation cycle redeploys many canonical cell cycle regulators, including cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cognate cyclins. For example, cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6, which are regulators of mitotic G1-to-S progression, are required to initiate multiciliated cell differentiation. The multiciliation cycle amplifies some aspects of the canonical cell cycle, such as centriole synthesis, and blocks others, such as DNA replication. E2F7, a transcriptional regulator of canonical S-to-G2 progression, is expressed at high levels during the multiciliation cycle. In the multiciliation cycle, E2F7 directly dampens the expression of genes encoding DNA replication machinery and terminates the S phase-like gene expression program. Loss of E2F7 causes aberrant acquisition of DNA synthesis in multiciliated cells and dysregulation of multiciliation cycle progression, which disrupts centriole maturation and ciliogenesis. We conclude that multiciliated cells use an alternative cell cycle that orchestrates differentiation instead of controlling proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semil P Choksi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Lauren E Byrnes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mia J Konjikusic
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benedict W H Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Deleon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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7
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Do BT, Hsu PP, Vermeulen SY, Wang Z, Hirz T, Abbott KL, Aziz N, Replogle JM, Bjelosevic S, Paolino J, Nelson SA, Block S, Darnell AM, Ferreira R, Zhang H, Milosevic J, Schmidt DR, Chidley C, Harris IS, Weissman JS, Pikman Y, Stegmaier K, Cheloufi S, Su XA, Sykes DB, Vander Heiden MG. Nucleotide depletion promotes cell fate transitions by inducing DNA replication stress. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00327-7. [PMID: 38823395 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Control of cellular identity requires coordination of developmental programs with environmental factors such as nutrient availability, suggesting that perturbing metabolism can alter cell state. Here, we find that nucleotide depletion and DNA replication stress drive differentiation in human and murine normal and transformed hematopoietic systems, including patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia (AML) xenografts. These cell state transitions begin during S phase and are independent of ATR/ATM checkpoint signaling, double-stranded DNA break formation, and changes in cell cycle length. In systems where differentiation is blocked by oncogenic transcription factor expression, replication stress activates primed regulatory loci and induces lineage-appropriate maturation genes despite the persistence of progenitor programs. Altering the baseline cell state by manipulating transcription factor expression causes replication stress to induce genes specific for alternative lineages. The ability of replication stress to selectively activate primed maturation programs across different contexts suggests a general mechanism by which changes in metabolism can promote lineage-appropriate cell state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Do
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peggy P Hsu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Rogel Cancer Center and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sidney Y Vermeulen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Taghreed Hirz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keene L Abbott
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Najihah Aziz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph M Replogle
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stefan Bjelosevic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Paolino
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha A Nelson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samuel Block
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alicia M Darnell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raphael Ferreira
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jelena Milosevic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel R Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher Chidley
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yana Pikman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sihem Cheloufi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xiaofeng A Su
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02113, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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8
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Liu Z, Tanke NT, Neal A, Yu T, Branch T, Sharma A, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Differential endothelial cell cycle status in postnatal retinal vessels revealed using a novel PIP-FUCCI reporter and zonation analysis. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09920-0. [PMID: 38795286 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how the endothelial cell cycle integrates with vascular regulation is not well-understood, and available dynamic cell cycle reporters do not precisely distinguish all cell cycle stage transitions in vivo. Here we characterized a recently developed improved cell cycle reporter (PIP-FUCCI) that precisely delineates S phase and the S/G2 transition. Live image analysis of primary endothelial cells revealed predicted temporal changes and well-defined stage transitions. A new inducible mouse cell cycle reporter allele was selectively expressed in postnatal retinal endothelial cells upon Cre-mediated activation and predicted endothelial cell cycle status. We developed a semi-automated zonation program to define endothelial cell cycle status in spatially defined and developmentally distinct retinal areas and found predicted cell cycle stage differences in arteries, veins, and remodeled and angiogenic capillaries. Surprisingly, the predicted dearth of S-phase proliferative tip cells relative to stalk cells at the vascular front was accompanied by an unexpected enrichment for endothelial tip and stalk cells in G2, suggesting G2 stalling as a contribution to tip-cell arrest and dynamics at the front. Thus, this improved reporter precisely defines endothelial cell cycle status in vivo and reveals novel G2 regulation that may contribute to unique aspects of blood vessel network expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Neal
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tershona Branch
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Arya Sharma
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jean G Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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9
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Pickard J, Stansbury C, Surana A, Muir L, Bloch A, Rajapakse I. Biomarker Selection for Adaptive Systems. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2405.09809v2. [PMID: 38827457 PMCID: PMC11142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers enable objective monitoring of a given cell or state in a biological system and are widely used in research, biomanufacturing, and clinical practice. However, identifying appropriate biomarkers that are both robustly measurable and capture a state accurately remains challenging. We present a framework for biomarker identification based upon observability guided sensor selection. Our methods, Dynamic Sensor Selection (DSS) and Structure-Guided Sensor Selection (SGSS), utilize temporal models and experimental data, offering a template for applying observability theory to unconventional data obtained from biological systems. Unlike conventional methods that assume well-known, fixed dynamics, DSS adaptively select biomarkers or sensors that maximize observability while accounting for the time-varying nature of biological systems. Additionally, SGSS incorporates structural information and diverse data to identify sensors which are resilient against inaccuracies in our model of the underlying system. We validate our approaches by performing estimation on high dimensional systems derived from temporal gene expression data from partial observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pickard
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Cooper Stansbury
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Amit Surana
- Raytheon Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT 06108
| | - Lindsey Muir
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Anthony Bloch
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Indika Rajapakse
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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10
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Bao K, Ma Y, Li Y, Shen X, Zhao J, Tian S, Zhang C, Liang C, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Zhang K, Yang N, Meng FL, Hao J, Yang J, Liu T, Yao Z, Ai D, Shi L. A di-acetyl-decorated chromatin signature couples liquid condensation to suppress DNA end synapsis. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1206-1223.e15. [PMID: 38423014 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Appropriate DNA end synapsis, regulated by core components of the synaptic complex including KU70-KU80, LIG4, XRCC4, and XLF, is central to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of chromatinized DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, it remains enigmatic whether chromatin modifications can influence the formation of NHEJ synaptic complex at DNA ends, and if so, how this is achieved. Here, we report that the mitotic deacetylase complex (MiDAC) serves as a key regulator of DNA end synapsis during NHEJ repair in mammalian cells. Mechanistically, MiDAC removes combinatorial acetyl marks on histone H2A (H2AK5acK9ac) around DSB-proximal chromatin, suppressing hyperaccumulation of bromodomain-containing protein BRD4 that would otherwise undergo liquid-liquid phase separation with KU80 and prevent the proper installation of LIG4-XRCC4-XLF onto DSB ends. This study provides mechanistic insight into the control of NHEJ synaptic complex assembly by a specific chromatin signature and highlights the critical role of H2A hypoacetylation in restraining unscheduled compartmentalization of DNA repair machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xilin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Can Liang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei-Long Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Zikry TM, Wolff SC, Ranek JS, Davis HM, Naugle A, Luthra N, Whitman AA, Kedziora KM, Stallaert W, Kosorok MR, Spanheimer PM, Purvis JE. Cell cycle plasticity underlies fractional resistance to palbociclib in ER+/HER2- breast tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309261121. [PMID: 38324568 PMCID: PMC10873600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309261121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib blocks cell cycle progression in Estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor-negative (ER+/HER2-) breast tumor cells. Despite the drug's success in improving patient outcomes, a small percentage of tumor cells continues to divide in the presence of palbociclib-a phenomenon we refer to as fractional resistance. It is critical to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying fractional resistance because the precise percentage of resistant cells in patient tissue is a strong predictor of clinical outcomes. Here, we hypothesize that fractional resistance arises from cell-to-cell differences in core cell cycle regulators that allow a subset of cells to escape CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy. We used multiplex, single-cell imaging to identify fractionally resistant cells in both cultured and primary breast tumor samples resected from patients. Resistant cells showed premature accumulation of multiple G1 regulators including E2F1, retinoblastoma protein, and CDK2, as well as enhanced sensitivity to pharmacological inhibition of CDK2 activity. Using trajectory inference approaches, we show how plasticity among cell cycle regulators gives rise to alternate cell cycle "paths" that allow individual tumor cells to escape palbociclib treatment. Understanding drivers of cell cycle plasticity, and how to eliminate resistant cell cycle paths, could lead to improved cancer therapies targeting fractionally resistant cells to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M Zikry
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Samuel C Wolff
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jolene S Ranek
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Harris M Davis
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ander Naugle
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Namit Luthra
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Austin A Whitman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Katarzyna M Kedziora
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, PA 15620
| | - Wayne Stallaert
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, PA 15620
| | - Michael R Kosorok
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Philip M Spanheimer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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12
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Liu Z, Tanke NT, Neal A, Yu T, Branch T, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Differential endothelial cell cycle status in postnatal retinal vessels revealed using a novel PIP-FUCCI reporter and zonation analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574239. [PMID: 38249517 PMCID: PMC10798646 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how the endothelial cell cycle integrates with vascular regulation is not well-understood, and available dynamic cell cycle reporters do not precisely distinguish all cell cycle stage transitions in vivo. Here we characterized a recently developed improved cell cycle reporter (PIP-FUCCI) that precisely delineates S phase and the S/G2 transition. Live image analysis of primary endothelial cells revealed predicted temporal changes and well-defined stage transitions. A new inducible mouse cell cycle reporter allele was selectively expressed in postnatal retinal endothelial cells upon Cre-mediated activation and predicted endothelial cell cycle status. We developed a semi-automated zonation program to define endothelial cell cycle status in spatially defined and developmentally distinct retinal areas and found predicted cell cycle stage differences in arteries, veins, and remodeled and angiogenic capillaries. Surprisingly, the predicted dearth of proliferative tip cells at the vascular front was accompanied by an unexpected enrichment for endothelial tip cells in G2, suggesting G2 stalling as a contribution to tip-cell arrest. Thus, this improved reporter precisely defines endothelial cell cycle status in vivo and reveals novel G2 regulation that may contribute to unique aspects of blood vessel network expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Alexandra Neal
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tershona Branch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jean G Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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13
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Yang HW. Investigating Heterogeneous Cell-Cycle Progression Using Single-Cell Imaging Approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2740:263-273. [PMID: 38393481 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3557-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Investigating cell-cycle progression has been challenging due to the complex interconnectivity of regulatory processes and inherent cell-to-cell heterogeneity, which often require synchronization procedures. However, recent advancements in cell-cycle sensors and single-cell imaging techniques have turned this heterogeneity into an advantage for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying diverse responses. This has led to significant progress in our understanding of cell-cycle regulation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive live single-cell imaging workflow that leverages cutting-edge live-cell sensors. These advanced single-cell imaging procedures provide promising opportunities for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinnings of heterogeneous responses in cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Won Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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O'Brien S, Ubhi T, Wolf L, Gandhi K, Lin S, Chaudary N, Dhani NC, Milosevic M, Brown GW, Angers S. FBXW7-loss Sensitizes Cells to ATR Inhibition Through Induced Mitotic Catastrophe. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2596-2607. [PMID: 38032106 PMCID: PMC10734389 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
FBXW7 is a commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene that functions to regulate numerous oncogenes involved in cell-cycle regulation. Genome-wide CRISPR fitness screens identified a signature of DNA repair and DNA damage response genes as required for the growth of FBXW7-knockout cells. Guided by these findings, we show that FBXW7-mutant cells have high levels of replication stress, which results in a genotype-specific vulnerability to inhibition of the ATR signaling pathway, as these mutant cells become heavily reliant on a robust S-G2 checkpoint. ATR inhibition induces an accelerated S-phase, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death caused by the high replication stress present in FBXW7-/- cells. In addition, we provide evidence in cell and organoid studies, and mining of publicly available high-throughput drug screening efforts, that this genotype-specific vulnerability extends to multiple types of cancer, providing a rational means of identifying responsive patients for targeted therapy. SIGNIFICANCE We have elucidated the synthetic lethal interactions between FBXW7 mutation and DNA damage response genes, and highlighted the potential of ATR inhibitors as targeted therapies for cancers harboring FBXW7 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan O'Brien
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tajinder Ubhi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucie Wolf
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krishna Gandhi
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naz Chaudary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael Milosevic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grant W. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Liu R, Su S, Xing J, Liu K, Zhao Y, Stangis M, Jacho DP, Yildirim-Ayan ED, Gatto-Weis CM, Chen B, Li X. Tumor removal limits prostate cancer cell dissemination in bone and osteoblasts induce cancer cell dormancy through focal adhesion kinase. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:264. [PMID: 37821954 PMCID: PMC10566127 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can enter a dormant state and cause no symptoms in cancer patients. On the other hand, the dormant DTCs can reactivate and cause metastases progression and lethal relapses. In prostate cancer (PCa), relapse can happen after curative treatments such as primary tumor removal. The impact of surgical removal on PCa dissemination and dormancy remains elusive. Furthermore, as dormant DTCs are asymptomatic, dormancy-induction can be an operational cure for preventing metastases and relapse of PCa patients. METHODS We used a PCa subcutaneous xenograft model and species-specific PCR to survey the DTCs in various organs at different time points of tumor growth and in response to tumor removal. We developed in vitro 2D and 3D co-culture models to recapitulate the dormant DTCs in the bone microenvironment. Proliferation assays, fluorescent cell cycle reporter, qRT-PCR, and Western Blot were used to characterize the dormancy phenotype. We performed RNA sequencing to determine the dormancy signature of PCa. A drug repurposing algorithm was applied to predict dormancy-inducing drugs and a top candidate was validated for the efficacy and the mechanism of dormancy induction. RESULTS We found DTCs in almost all mouse organs examined, including bones, at week 2 post-tumor cell injections. Surgical removal of the primary tumor reduced the overall DTC abundance, but the DTCs were enriched only in the bones. We found that osteoblasts, but not other cells of the bones, induced PCa cell dormancy. RNA-Seq revealed the suppression of mitochondrial-related biological processes in osteoblast-induced dormant PCa cells. Importantly, the mitochondrial-related biological processes were found up-regulated in both circulating tumor cells and bone metastases from PCa patients' data. We predicted and validated the dormancy-mimicking effect of PF-562,271 (PF-271), an inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in vitro. Decreased FAK phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation were found in both co-cultured and PF-271-treated C4-2B cells, suggesting that FAK plays a key role in osteoblast-induced PCa dormancy. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first insights into how primary tumor removal enriches PCa cell dissemination in the bones, defines a unique osteoblast-induced PCa dormancy signature, and identifies FAK as a PCa cell dormancy gatekeeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Liu
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Shang Su
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jing Xing
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Mary Stangis
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Diego P Jacho
- Bioengineering Department, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | | | - Cara M Gatto-Weis
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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16
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Cotton MJ, Ariel P, Chen K, Walcott VA, Dixit M, Breau KA, Hinesley CM, Kedziora K, Tang CY, Zheng A, Magness ST, Burclaff J. An in vitro platform for quantifying cell cycle phase lengths in primary human intestinal stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.09.561410. [PMID: 37873351 PMCID: PMC10592697 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims The intestinal epithelium exhibits dynamic control of cell cycle phase lengths, yet no experimental platform exists for directly analyzing cell cycle phases in living human intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Here, we develop primary human ISC lines with two different reporter constructs to provide fluorescent readouts to analyze cell cycle phases in cycling ISCs. Methods 3D printing was used to construct a collagen press for making chamber slides that support primary human ISC growth and maintenance within the working distance of a confocal microscope objective. The PIP-FUCCI fluorescent cell cycle reporter and a variant with H2A-mScarlet that allows for automated tracking of cell cycle phases (PIP-H2A) were used in human ISCs along with live imaging and EdU pulsing. An analysis pipeline combining free-to-use programs and publicly available code was compiled to analyze live imaging results. Results Chamber slides with soft collagen pressed to a thickness of 0.3 mm concurrently support ISC cycling and confocal imaging. PIP-FUCCI ISCs were found to be optimal for snapshot analysis wherein all nuclei are assigned to a cell cycle phase from a single image. PIP-H2A ISCs were better suited for live imaging since constant nuclear signal allowed for more automated analysis. CellPose2 and TrackMate were used together to track cycling cells. Conclusions We present two complete platforms for analyzing cell cycle phases in living primary human ISCs. The PIP-FUCCI construct allows for cell cycle phase assignment from one image of living cells, the PIP-H2A construct allows for semi-automated direct quantification of cell cycle phase lengths in human ISCs using our computational pipeline. These platforms hold great promise for future studies on how pharmaceutical agents affect the intestinal epithelium, how cell cycle is regulated in human ISCs, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cotton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Pablo Ariel
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vanessa A Walcott
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michelle Dixit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Caroline M Hinesley
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kasia Kedziora
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Anna Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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17
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Zong D, Koussa NC, Cornwell JA, Pankajam AV, Kruhlak MJ, Wong N, Chari R, Cappell SD, Nussenzweig A. Comprehensive mapping of cell fates in microsatellite unstable cancer cells supports dual targeting of WRN and ATR. Genes Dev 2023; 37:913-928. [PMID: 37932011 PMCID: PMC10691471 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351085.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Addiction to the WRN helicase is a unique vulnerability of human cancers with high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-H). However, while prolonged loss of WRN ultimately leads to cell death, little is known about how MSI-H cancers initially respond to acute loss of WRN-knowledge that would be helpful for informing clinical development of WRN targeting therapy, predicting possible resistance mechanisms, and identifying useful biomarkers of successful WRN inhibition. Here, we report the construction of an inducible ligand-mediated degradation system in which the stability of endogenous WRN protein can be rapidly and specifically tuned, enabling us to track the complete sequence of cellular events elicited by acute loss of WRN function. We found that WRN degradation leads to immediate accrual of DNA damage in a replication-dependent manner that curiously did not robustly engage checkpoint mechanisms to halt DNA synthesis. As a result, WRN-degraded MSI-H cancer cells accumulate DNA damage across multiple replicative cycles and undergo successive rounds of increasingly aberrant mitoses, ultimately triggering cell death. Of potential therapeutic importance, we found no evidence of any generalized mechanism by which MSI-H cancers could adapt to near-complete loss of WRN. However, under conditions of partial WRN degradation, addition of low-dose ATR inhibitor significantly increased their combined efficacy to levels approaching full inactivation of WRN. Overall, our results provide the first comprehensive view of molecular events linking upstream inhibition of WRN to subsequent cell death and suggest that dual targeting of WRN and ATR might be a useful strategy for treating MSI-H cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Zong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Natasha C Koussa
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - James A Cornwell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ajith V Pankajam
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Kruhlak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nancy Wong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA
| | - Steven D Cappell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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18
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Capece M, Tessari A, Mills J, Vinciguerra GLR, Louke D, Lin C, McElwain BK, Miles WO, Coppola V, Davies AE, Palmieri D, Croce CM. A novel auxin-inducible degron system for rapid, cell cycle-specific targeted proteolysis. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2078-2091. [PMID: 37537305 PMCID: PMC10482871 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The discrimination of protein biological functions in different phases of the cell cycle is limited by the lack of experimental approaches that do not require pre-treatment with compounds affecting the cell cycle progression. Therefore, potential cycle-specific biological functions of a protein of interest could be biased by the effects of cell treatments. The OsTIR1/auxin-inducible degron (AID) system allows "on demand" selective and reversible protein degradation upon exposure to the phytohormone auxin. In the current format, this technology does not allow to study the effect of acute protein depletion selectively in one phase of the cell cycle, as auxin similarly affects all the treated cells irrespectively of their proliferation status. Therefore, the AID system requires coupling with cell synchronization techniques, which can alter the basal biological status of the studied cell population, as with previously available approaches. Here, we introduce a new AID system to Regulate OsTIR1 Levels based on the Cell Cycle Status (ROLECCS system), which induces proteolysis of both exogenously transfected and endogenous gene-edited targets in specific phases of the cell cycle. We validated the ROLECCS technology by down regulating the protein levels of TP53, one of the most studied tumor suppressor genes, with a widely known role in cell cycle progression. By using our novel tool, we observed that TP53 degradation is associated with increased number of micronuclei, and this phenotype is specifically achieved when TP53 is lost in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle, but not in G1. Therefore, we propose the use of the ROLECCS system as a new improved way of studying the differential roles that target proteins may have in specific phases of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Capece
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Tessari
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Mills
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darian Louke
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chenyu Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bryan K McElwain
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wayne O Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexander E Davies
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dario Palmieri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Gene Editing Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA.
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19
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Klapp V, Bloy N, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Buqué A, Petroni G. Flow cytometry-assisted quantification of cell cycle arrest in cancer cells treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 181:197-212. [PMID: 38302240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 inhibitors (i.e., palbociclib, abemaciclib, and ribociclib) are well known for their capacity to mediate cytostatic effects by promoting cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, thus inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Cytostatic effects induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors can be transient or lead to a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, commonly defined as cellular senescence. Induction of senescence is often associated to metabolic modifications and to the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) by cancer cells, which in turn can promote or limit antitumor immunity (and thus the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors) depending on SASP components. Thus, although accumulating evidence suggests that anti-cancer effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors also depend on the promotion of antitumor immune responses, assessing cell cycle arrest and progression in cells treated with palbociclib remains a key approach for investigating the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Here, we describe a method to assess cell cycle distribution simultaneously with active DNA replication by flow cytometry in cultured hormone receptor-positive breast cancer MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Klapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg, Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Norma Bloy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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20
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Devany J, Falk MJ, Holt LJ, Murugan A, Gardel ML. Epithelial tissue confinement inhibits cell growth and leads to volume-reducing divisions. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1462-1476.e8. [PMID: 37339629 PMCID: PMC10528006 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is a central process in tissue development, homeostasis, and disease, yet how proliferation is regulated in the tissue context remains poorly understood. Here, we introduce a quantitative framework to elucidate how tissue growth dynamics regulate cell proliferation. Using MDCK epithelial monolayers, we show that a limiting rate of tissue expansion creates confinement that suppresses cell growth; however, this confinement does not directly affect the cell cycle. This leads to uncoupling between rates of cell growth and division in epithelia and, thereby, reduces cell volume. Division becomes arrested at a minimal cell volume, which is consistent across diverse epithelia in vivo. Here, the nucleus approaches the minimum volume capable of packaging the genome. Loss of cyclin D1-dependent cell-volume regulation results in an abnormally high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume ratio and DNA damage. Overall, we demonstrate how epithelial proliferation is regulated by the interplay between tissue confinement and cell-volume regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Devany
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Martin J Falk
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Liam J Holt
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Arvind Murugan
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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21
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Croushore EE, Koppenhafer SL, Goss KL, Geary EL, Gordon DJ. Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) Signaling Inhibits the Growth of Ewing Sarcoma Cells in Response to DNA Replication Stress. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1580-1593. [PMID: 37599787 PMCID: PMC10434289 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides and is required for DNA replication. Multiple types of cancer, including Ewing sarcoma tumors, are sensitive to RNR inhibitors or a reduction in the levels of either the RRM1 or RRM2 subunits of RNR. However, the polypharmacology and off-target effects of RNR inhibitors have complicated the identification of the mechanisms that regulate sensitivity and resistance to this class of drugs. Consequently, we used a conditional knockout (CRISPR/Cas9) and rescue approach to target RRM1 in Ewing sarcoma cells and identified that loss of the RRM1 protein results in the upregulation of the expression of multiple members of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex, including c-Jun and c-Fos, and downregulation of c-Myc. Notably, overexpression of c-Jun and c-Fos in Ewing sarcoma cells is sufficient to inhibit cell growth and downregulate the expression of the c-Myc oncogene. We also identified that the upregulation of AP-1 is mediated, in part, by SLFN11, which is a replication stress response protein that is expressed at high levels in Ewing sarcoma. In addition, small-molecule inhibitors of RNR, including gemcitabine, and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which reduce the level of the RRM1 protein, also activate AP-1 signaling and downregulate the level of c-Myc in Ewing sarcoma. Overall, these results provide novel insight into the critical pathways activated by loss of RNR activity and the mechanisms of action of inhibitors of RNR. Significance RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. Although RNR is the target of multiple chemotherapy drugs, polypharmacology and off-target effects have complicated the identification of the precise mechanism of action of these drugs. In this work, using a knockout-rescue approach, we identified that inhibition of RNR upregulates AP-1 signaling and downregulates the level of c-Myc in Ewing sarcoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Croushore
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Stacia L. Koppenhafer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kelli L. Goss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Elizabeth L. Geary
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David J. Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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22
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Zong D, Koussa NC, Cornwell JA, Pankajam AV, Kruhlak MJ, Wong N, Chari R, Cappell SD, Nussenzweig A. Comprehensive mapping of cell fates in microsatellite unstable cancer cells support dual targe6ng of WRN and ATR. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.550976. [PMID: 37662356 PMCID: PMC10473727 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.550976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Addiction to the WRN helicase is a unique vulnerability of human cancers with high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-H). However, while prolonged loss of WRN ultimately leads to cell death, little is known about how MSI-H cancers initially respond to acute loss of WRN, knowledge that would be helpful for informing clinical development of WRN-targeting therapy, predicting possible resistance mechanisms, and identifying useful biomarkers of successful WRN inhibition. Here, we report the construction of an inducible ligand-mediated degradation system wherein the stability of endogenous WRN protein can be rapidly and specifically tuned, enabling us to track the complete sequence of cellular events elicited by acute loss of WRN function. We find that WRN degradation leads to immediate accrual of DNA damage in a replication-dependent manner that curiously did not robustly engage checkpoint mechanisms to halt DNA synthesis. As a result, WRN-degraded MSI-H cancer cells accumulate DNA damage across multiple replicative cycles and undergo successive rounds of increasingly aberrant mitoses, ultimately triggering cell death. Of potential therapeutic importance, we find no evidence of any generalized mechanism by which MSI-H cancers could adapt to near-complete loss of WRN. However, under conditions of partial WRN degradation, addition of low dose ATR inhibitor significantly increased their combined efficacy to levels approaching full inactivation of WRN. Overall, our results provided the first comprehensive view of molecular events linking upstream inhibition of WRN to subsequent cell death and suggested a potential therapeutical rationale for dual targeting of WRN and ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Zong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natasha C. Koussa
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James A. Cornwell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ajith V. Pankajam
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Wong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Steven D. Cappell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Bruce JW, Park E, Magnano C, Horswill M, Richards A, Potts G, Hebert A, Islam N, Coon JJ, Gitter A, Sherer N, Ahlquist P. HIV-1 virological synapse formation enhances infection spread by dysregulating Aurora Kinase B. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011492. [PMID: 37459363 PMCID: PMC10374047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 spreads efficiently through direct cell-to-cell transmission at virological synapses (VSs) formed by interactions between HIV-1 envelope proteins (Env) on the surface of infected cells and CD4 receptors on uninfected target cells. Env-CD4 interactions bring the infected and uninfected cellular membranes into close proximity and induce transport of viral and cellular factors to the VS for efficient virion assembly and HIV-1 transmission. Using novel, cell-specific stable isotope labeling and quantitative mass spectrometric proteomics, we identified extensive changes in the levels and phosphorylation states of proteins in HIV-1 infected producer cells upon mixing with CD4+ target cells under conditions inducing VS formation. These coculture-induced alterations involved multiple cellular pathways including transcription, TCR signaling and, unexpectedly, cell cycle regulation, and were dominated by Env-dependent responses. We confirmed the proteomic results using inhibitors targeting regulatory kinases and phosphatases in selected pathways identified by our proteomic analysis. Strikingly, inhibiting the key mitotic regulator Aurora kinase B (AURKB) in HIV-1 infected cells significantly increased HIV activity in cell-to-cell fusion and transmission but had little effect on cell-free infection. Consistent with this, we found that AURKB regulates the fusogenic activity of HIV-1 Env. In the Jurkat T cell line and primary T cells, HIV-1 Env:CD4 interaction also dramatically induced cell cycle-independent AURKB relocalization to the centromere, and this signaling required the long (150 aa) cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (CTD) of Env. These results imply that cytoplasmic/plasma membrane AURKB restricts HIV-1 envelope fusion, and that this restriction is overcome by Env CTD-induced AURKB relocalization. Taken together, our data reveal a new signaling pathway regulating HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission and potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention through targeting the Env CTD and AURKB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Bruce
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eunju Park
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chris Magnano
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark Horswill
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alicia Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gregory Potts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexander Hebert
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nafisah Islam
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anthony Gitter
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nathan Sherer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paul Ahlquist
- John and Jeanne Rowe Center for Research in Virology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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24
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Michael C, Di Cristofano A, de Oliveira S. A zebrafish xenotransplant model of anaplastic thyroid cancer to study the tumor microenvironment and innate immune cell interactions in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.29.541816. [PMID: 37398266 PMCID: PMC10312444 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.541816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare malignant subtype of thyroid cancer. While ATC is rare it accounts for a disproportionately high number of thyroid cancer-related deaths. Here we developed an ATC xenotransplant model in zebrafish larvae, where we can study tumorigenesis and therapeutic response in vivo. Using both mouse (T4888M) and human (C643) derived fluorescently labeled ATC cell lines we show these cell lines display different engraftment rates, mass volume, proliferation, and angiogenic potential. Next, using a PIP-FUCCI reporter to track proliferation in-vivo we observed cells in each phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, we performed long-term non-invasive intravital microscopy over 48 hours to understand cellular dynamics in the tumor microenvironment at the single cell level. Lastly, we tested a well-known mTOR inhibitor to show our model could be used as an effective screening platform for new therapeutic compounds. Altogether, we show that zebrafish xenotransplants make a great model to study thyroid carcinogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, while also being a suitable model to test new therapeutics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Michael
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sofia de Oliveira
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hepatology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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25
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Awadia S, Sitto M, Ram S, Ji W, Liu Y, Damani R, Ray D, Lawrence TS, Galban CJ, Cappell SD, Rehemtulla A. The adapter protein FADD provides an alternate pathway for entry into the cell cycle by regulating APC/C-Cdh1 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104786. [PMID: 37146968 PMCID: PMC10248554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C-Cdh1 maintains the G0/G1 state, and its inactivation is required for cell cycle entry. We reveal a novel role for Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) in the cell cycle through its function as an inhibitor of APC/C-Cdh1. Using real-time, single-cell imaging of live cells combined with biochemical analysis, we demonstrate that APC/C-Cdh1 hyperactivity in FADD-deficient cells leads to a G1 arrest despite persistent mitogenic signaling through oncogenic EGFR/KRAS. We further show that FADDWT interacts with Cdh1, while a mutant lacking a consensus KEN-box motif (FADDKEN) fails to interact with Cdh1 and results in a G1 arrest due to its inability to inhibit APC/C-Cdh1. Additionally, enhanced expression of FADDWT but not FADDKEN, in cells arrested in G1 upon CDK4/6 inhibition, leads to APC/C-Cdh1 inactivation and entry into the cell cycle in the absence of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. FADD's function in the cell cycle requires its phosphorylation by CK1α at Ser-194 which promotes its nuclear translocation. Overall, FADD provides a CDK4/6-Rb-E2F-independent "bypass" mechanism for cell cycle entry and thus a therapeutic opportunity for CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahezeel Awadia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Merna Sitto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sundaresh Ram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenbin Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Raheema Damani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Craig J Galban
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven D Cappell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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26
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Oses C, Francia MG, Verneri P, Vazquez Echegaray C, Guberman AS, Levi V. The dynamical organization of the core pluripotency transcription factors responds to differentiation cues in early S-phase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125015. [PMID: 37215075 PMCID: PMC10192714 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication in stem cells is a major challenge for pluripotency preservation and cell fate decisions. This process involves massive changes in the chromatin architecture and the reorganization of many transcription-related molecules in different spatial and temporal scales. Pluripotency is controlled by the master transcription factors (TFs) OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG that partition into condensates in the nucleus of embryonic stem cells. These condensates are proposed to play relevant roles in the regulation of gene expression and the maintenance of pluripotency. Here, we asked whether the dynamical distribution of the pluripotency TFs changes during the cell cycle, particularly during DNA replication. Since the S phase is considered to be a window of opportunity for cell fate decisions, we explored if differentiation cues in G1 phase trigger changes in the distribution of these TFs during the subsequent S phase. Our results show a spatial redistribution of TFs condensates during DNA replication which was not directly related to chromatin compaction. Additionally, fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy revealed TF-specific, subtle changes in the landscape of TF-chromatin interactions, consistent with their particularities as key players of the pluripotency network. Moreover, we found that differentiation stimuli in the preceding G1 phase triggered a relatively fast and massive reorganization of pluripotency TFs in early-S phase. Particularly, OCT4 and SOX2 condensates dissolved whereas the lifetimes of TF-chromatin interactions increased suggesting that the reorganization of condensates is accompanied with a change in the landscape of TF-chromatin interactions. Notably, NANOG showed impaired interactions with chromatin in stimulated early-S cells in line with its role as naïve pluripotency TF. Together, these findings provide new insights into the regulation of the core pluripotency TFs during DNA replication of embryonic stem cells and highlight their different roles at early differentiation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oses
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Gabriel Francia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Verneri
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Vazquez Echegaray
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Sonia Guberman
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Cheung AHK, Hui CHL, Wong KY, Liu X, Chen B, Kang W, To KF. Out of the cycle: Impact of cell cycle aberrations on cancer metabolism and metastasis. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1510-1525. [PMID: 36093588 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of cell cycle inhibitors has necessitated a better understanding of the cell cycle in tumor biology to optimize the therapeutic approach. Cell cycle aberrations are common in cancers, and it is increasingly acknowledged that these aberrations exert oncogenic effects beyond the cell cycle. Multiple facets such as cancer metabolism, immunity and metastasis are also affected, all of which are beyond the effect of cell proliferation alone. This review comprehensively summarized the important recent findings and advances in these interrelated processes. In cancer metabolism, cell cycle regulators can modulate various pathways in aerobic glycolysis, glucose uptake and gluconeogenesis, mainly through transcriptional regulation and kinase activities. Amino acid metabolism is also regulated through cell cycle progression. On cancer metastasis, metabolic plasticity, immune evasion, tumor microenvironment adaptation and metastatic site colonization are intricately related to the cell cycle, with distinct regulatory mechanisms at each step of invasion and dissemination. Throughout the synthesis of current understanding, knowledge gaps and limitations in the literature are also highlighted, as are new therapeutic approaches such as combinational therapy and challenges in tackling emerging targeted therapy resistance. A greater understanding of how the cell cycle modulates diverse aspects of cancer biology can hopefully shed light on identifying new molecular targets by harnessing the vast potential of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris Ho-Lam Hui
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kit Yee Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Alghoul E, Paloni M, Takedachi A, Urbach S, Barducci A, Gaillard PH, Basbous J, Constantinou A. Compartmentalization of the SUMO/RNF4 pathway by SLX4 drives DNA repair. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1640-1658.e9. [PMID: 37059091 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
SLX4, disabled in the Fanconi anemia group P, is a scaffolding protein that coordinates the action of structure-specific endonucleases and other proteins involved in the replication-coupled repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. Here, we show that SLX4 dimerization and SUMO-SIM interactions drive the assembly of SLX4 membraneless compartments in the nucleus called condensates. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that SLX4 forms chromatin-bound clusters of nanocondensates. We report that SLX4 compartmentalizes the SUMO-RNF4 signaling pathway. SENP6 and RNF4 regulate the assembly and disassembly of SLX4 condensates, respectively. SLX4 condensation per se triggers the selective modification of proteins by SUMO and ubiquitin. Specifically, SLX4 condensation induces ubiquitylation and chromatin extraction of topoisomerase 1 DNA-protein cross-links. SLX4 condensation also induces the nucleolytic degradation of newly replicated DNA. We propose that the compartmentalization of proteins by SLX4 through site-specific interactions ensures the spatiotemporal control of protein modifications and nucleolytic reactions during DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Alghoul
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Matteo Paloni
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Arato Takedachi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France; Montpellier RIO Imaging, Montpellier, France
| | - Alessandro Barducci
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jihane Basbous
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Angelos Constantinou
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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29
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Lebrec V, Gavet O. Monitoring Chk1 kinase activity dynamics in live single cell imaging assays. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 182:221-236. [PMID: 38359979 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The ATR/Chk1 pathway is an important regulator of cell cycle progression, notably upon genotoxic stress where it can detect a large variety of DNA alterations and induce a transient cell cycle arrest that promotes DNA repair. In addition to its role in DNA damage response (DDR), Chk1 is also active during a non-perturbed S phase and contributes to prevent a premature entry into mitosis with an incompletely replicated genome, meaning the ATR/Chk1 pathway is an integral part of the cell cycle machinery that preserves genome integrity during cell growth. We recently developed a FRET-based Chk1 kinase activity reporter to directly monitor and quantify the kinetics of Chk1 activation in live single cell imaging assays with unprecedented sensitivity and time resolution. This tool allowed us to monitor Chk1 activity dynamics over time during a normal S phase and following genotoxic stress, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms leading to its activation. Here, we review available fluorescent tools to study the interplay of cell cycle progression, DNA damage and DDR in individual live cells, and present the full protocol and image analysis pipeline to monitor Chk1 activity in two imaging assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne Lebrec
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Gavet
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, UFR927, Paris, France; UMR9019 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, Cedex, France.
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30
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Turner BRH, Mellor C, McElroy C, Bowen N, Gu W, Knill C, Itasaki N. Non-ubiquitous expression of core spliceosomal protein SmB/B' in chick and mouse embryos. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:276-293. [PMID: 36058892 PMCID: PMC10087933 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although splicing is an integral part of the expression of many genes in our body, genetic syndromes with spliceosomal defects affect only specific tissues. To help understand the mechanism, we investigated the expression pattern of a core protein of the major spliceosome, SmB/B' (Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptides B/B'), which is encoded by SNRPB. Loss-of-function mutations of SNRPB in humans cause cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) characterized by rib gaps, micrognathia, cleft palate, and scoliosis. Our expression analysis focused on the affected structures as well as non-affected tissues, using chick and mouse embryos as model animals. RESULTS Embryos at young stages (gastrula) showed ubiquitous expression of SmB/B'. However, the level and pattern of expression became tissue-specific as differentiation proceeded. The regions relating to CCMS phenotypes such as cartilages of ribs and vertebrae and palatal mesenchyme express SmB/B' in the nucleus sporadically. However, cartilages that are not affected in CCMS also showed similar expressions. Another spliceosomal gene, SNRNP200, which mutations cause retinitis pigmentosa, was also prominently expressed in cartilages in addition to the retina. CONCLUSION The expression of SmB/B' is spatiotemporally regulated during embryogenesis despite the ubiquitous requirement of the spliceosome, however, the expression pattern is not strictly correlated with the phenotype presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clara McElroy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalie Bowen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Wenjia Gu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Knill
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nobue Itasaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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31
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HN1 Is Enriched in the S-Phase, Phosphorylated in Mitosis, and Contributes to Cyclin B1 Degradation in Prostate Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020189. [PMID: 36829467 PMCID: PMC9952942 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
HN1 has previously been shown as overexpressed in various cancers. In Prostate cancer, it regulates AR signaling and centrosome-related functions. Previously, in two different studies, HN1 expression has been observed as inversely correlated with Cyclin B1. However, HN1 interacting partners and the role of HN1 interactions in cell cycle pathways have not been completely elucidated. Therefore, we used Prostate cancer cell lines again and utilized both transient and stable inducible overexpression systems to delineate the role of HN1 in the cell cycle. HN1 characterization was performed using treatments of kinase inhibitors, western blotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, cellular fractionation, and immunoprecipitation approaches. Our findings suggest that HN1 overexpression before mitosis (post-G2), using both transient and stable expression systems, leads to S-phase accumulation and causes early mitotic exit after post-G2 overexpression. Mechanistically, HN1 interacted with Cyclin B1 and increased its degradation via ubiquitination through stabilized Cdh1, which is a co-factor of the APC/C complex. Stably HN1-expressing cells exhibited a reduced Cdt1 loading onto chromatin, demonstrating an exit from a G1 to S phenotype. We found HN1 and Cdh1 interaction as a new regulator of the Cyclin B1/CDK1 axis in mitotic regulation which can be explored further to dissect the roles of HN1 in the cell cycle.
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32
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Ratnayeke N, Baris Y, Chung M, Yeeles JTP, Meyer T. CDT1 inhibits CMG helicase in early S phase to separate origin licensing from DNA synthesis. Mol Cell 2023; 83:26-42.e13. [PMID: 36608667 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human cells license tens of thousands of origins of replication in G1 and then must stop all licensing before DNA synthesis in S phase to prevent re-replication and genome instability that ensue when an origin is licensed on replicated DNA. However, the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4Cdt2 only starts to degrade the licensing factor CDT1 after origin firing, raising the question of how cells prevent re-replication before CDT1 is fully degraded. Here, using quantitative microscopy and in-vitro-reconstituted human DNA replication, we show that CDT1 inhibits DNA synthesis during an overlap period when CDT1 is still present after origin firing. CDT1 inhibits DNA synthesis by suppressing CMG helicase at replication forks, and DNA synthesis commences once CDT1 is degraded. Thus, in contrast to the prevailing model that human cells prevent re-replication by strictly separating licensing from firing, licensing and firing overlap, and cells instead separate licensing from DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Ratnayeke
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yasemin Baris
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mingyu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph T P Yeeles
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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33
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Schuhwerk H, Kleemann J, Gupta P, van Roey R, Armstark I, Kreileder M, Feldker N, Ramesh V, Hajjaj Y, Fuchs K, Mahapatro M, Hribersek M, Volante M, Groenewoud A, Engel FB, Ceppi P, Eckstein M, Hartmann A, Müller F, Kroll T, Stemmler MP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T. The EMT transcription factor ZEB1 governs a fitness-promoting but vulnerable DNA replication stress response. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111819. [PMID: 36516781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are two crucial cellular programs in cancer biology. While the DDR orchestrates cell-cycle progression, DNA repair, and cell death, EMT promotes invasiveness, cellular plasticity, and intratumor heterogeneity. Therapeutic targeting of EMT transcription factors, such as ZEB1, remains challenging, but tumor-promoting DDR alterations elicit specific vulnerabilities. Using multi-omics, inhibitors, and high-content microscopy, we discover a chemoresistant ZEB1-high-expressing sub-population (ZEB1hi) with co-rewired cell-cycle progression and proficient DDR across tumor entities. ZEB1 stimulates accelerated S-phase entry via CDK6, inflicting endogenous DNA replication stress. However, DDR buildups involving constitutive MRE11-dependent fork resection allow homeostatic cycling and enrichment of ZEB1hi cells during transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced EMT and chemotherapy. Thus, ZEB1 promotes G1/S transition to launch a progressive DDR benefitting stress tolerance, which concurrently manifests a targetable vulnerability in chemoresistant ZEB1hi cells. Our study thus highlights the translationally relevant intercept of the DDR and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julia Kleemann
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Core Unit for Bioinformatics, Data Integration and Analysis, Center for Medical Information and Communication Technology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen Germany
| | - Ruthger van Roey
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabell Armstark
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Kreileder
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nora Feldker
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vignesh Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Yussuf Hajjaj
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Fuchs
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mousumi Mahapatro
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mojca Hribersek
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Arwin Groenewoud
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen Germany
| | - Torsten Kroll
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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O'Brien S, Kelso S, Steinhart Z, Orlicky S, Mis M, Kim Y, Lin S, Sicheri F, Angers S. SCF FBXW7 regulates G2-M progression through control of CCNL1 ubiquitination. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55044. [PMID: 36278408 PMCID: PMC9724663 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
FBXW7, which encodes a substrate-specific receptor of an SCF E3 ligase complex, is a frequently mutated human tumor suppressor gene known to regulate the post-translational stability of various proteins involved in cellular proliferation. Here, using genome-wide CRISPR screens, we report a novel synthetic lethal genetic interaction between FBXW7 and CCNL1 and describe CCNL1 as a new substrate of the SCF-FBXW7 E3 ligase. Further analysis showed that the CCNL1-CDK11 complex is critical at the G2-M phase of the cell cycle since defective CCNL1 accumulation, resulting from FBXW7 mutation, leads to shorter mitotic time. Cells harboring FBXW7 loss-of-function mutations are hypersensitive to treatment with a CDK11 inhibitor, highlighting a genetic vulnerability that could be leveraged for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan O'Brien
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | - Susan Kelso
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteSinai Health SystemTorontoONCanada
| | - Zachary Steinhart
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Present address:
Gladstone InstituteUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Stephen Orlicky
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteSinai Health SystemTorontoONCanada
| | - Monika Mis
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Present address:
GenentechSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Yunhye Kim
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteSinai Health SystemTorontoONCanada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchTorontoONCanada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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35
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Spina R, Mills I, Ahmad F, Chen C, Ames HM, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Bar EE. DHODH inhibition impedes glioma stem cell proliferation, induces DNA damage, and prolongs survival in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts. Oncogene 2022; 41:5361-5372. [PMID: 36344676 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) promote tumor progression and therapeutic resistance and exhibit remarkable bioenergetic and metabolic plasticity, a phenomenon that has been linked to their ability to escape standard and targeted therapies. However, specific mechanisms that promote therapeutic resistance have been somewhat elusive. We hypothesized that because GSCs proliferate continuously, they may require the salvage and de novo nucleotide synthesis pathways to satisfy their bioenergetic needs. Here, we demonstrate that GSCs lacking EGFR (or EGFRvIII) amplification are exquisitely sensitive to de novo pyrimidine synthesis perturbations, while GSCs that amplify EGFR are utterly resistant. Furthermore, we show that EGFRvIII promotes BAY2402234 resistance in otherwise BAY2402234 responsive GSCs. Remarkably, a novel, orally bioavailable, blood-brain-barrier penetrating, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor BAY2402234 was found to abrogate GSC proliferation, block cell-cycle progression, and induce DNA damage and apoptosis. When dosed daily by oral gavage, BAY2402234 significantly impaired the growth of two different intracranial human glioblastoma xenograft models in mice. Given this observed efficacy and the previously established safety profiles in preclinical animal models and human clinical trials, the clinical testing of BAY2402234 in patients with primary glioblastoma that lacks EGFR amplification is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fahim Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather M Ames
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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36
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Paul D, Kales SC, Cornwell JA, Afifi MM, Rai G, Zakharov A, Simeonov A, Cappell SD. Revealing β-TrCP activity dynamics in live cells with a genetically encoded biosensor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6364. [PMID: 36289220 PMCID: PMC9606124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The F-box protein beta-transducin repeat containing protein (β-TrCP) acts as a substrate adapter for the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, plays a crucial role in cell physiology, and is often deregulated in many types of cancers. Here, we develop a fluorescent biosensor to quantitatively measure β-TrCP activity in live, single cells in real-time. We find β-TrCP remains constitutively active throughout the cell cycle and functions to maintain discreet steady-state levels of its substrates. We find no correlation between expression levels of β-TrCP and β-TrCP activity, indicating post-transcriptional regulation. A high throughput screen of small-molecules using our reporter identifies receptor-tyrosine kinase signaling as a key axis for regulating β-TrCP activity by inhibiting binding between β-TrCP and the core SCF complex. Our study introduces a method to monitor β-TrCP activity in live cells and identifies a key signaling network that regulates β-TrCP activity throughout the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Paul
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stephen C. Kales
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - James A. Cornwell
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Marwa M. Afifi
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Alexey Zakharov
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Steven D. Cappell
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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37
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Yedier-Bayram O, Gokbayrak B, Kayabolen A, Aksu AC, Cavga AD, Cingöz A, Kala EY, Karabiyik G, Günsay R, Esin B, Morova T, Uyulur F, Syed H, Philpott M, Cribbs AP, Kung SHY, Lack NA, Onder TT, Bagci-Onder T. EPIKOL, a chromatin-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based screening platform, to identify cancer-specific epigenetic vulnerabilities. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:710. [PMID: 35973998 PMCID: PMC9381743 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the epigenome due to alterations in chromatin modifier proteins commonly contribute to malignant transformation. To interrogate the roles of epigenetic modifiers in cancer cells, we generated an epigenome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library (EPIKOL) that targets a wide-range of epigenetic modifiers and their cofactors. We conducted eight screens in two different cancer types and showed that EPIKOL performs with high efficiency in terms of sgRNA distribution and depletion of essential genes. We discovered novel epigenetic modifiers that regulate triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and prostate cancer cell fitness. We confirmed the growth-regulatory functions of individual candidates, including SS18L2 and members of the NSL complex (KANSL2, KANSL3, KAT8) in TNBC cells. Overall, we show that EPIKOL, a focused sgRNA library targeting ~800 genes, can reveal epigenetic modifiers that are essential for cancer cell fitness under in vitro and in vivo conditions and enable the identification of novel anti-cancer targets. Due to its comprehensive epigenome-wide targets and relatively high number of sgRNAs per gene, EPIKOL will facilitate studies examining functional roles of epigenetic modifiers in a wide range of contexts, such as screens in primary cells, patient-derived xenografts as well as in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yedier-Bayram
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bengul Gokbayrak
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Alisan Kayabolen
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ali Cenk Aksu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Derya Cavga
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Data Management Core, KUTTAM, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Cingöz
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Yagmur Kala
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Goktug Karabiyik
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Rauf Günsay
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Beril Esin
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tunc Morova
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fırat Uyulur
- Koç University Department of Computational Biology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hamzah Syed
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Data Management Core, KUTTAM, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Martin Philpott
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam P Cribbs
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan A Lack
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tamer T Onder
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye.
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye.
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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38
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CDK activity sensors: genetically encoded ratiometric biosensors for live analysis of the cell cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1081-1090. [PMID: 35674434 PMCID: PMC9661961 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) sensors have facilitated investigations of the cell cycle in living cells. These genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors change their subcellular location upon activation of CDKs. Activation is primarily regulated by their association with cyclins, which in turn trigger cell-cycle progression. In the absence of CDK activity, cells exit the cell cycle and become quiescent, a key step in stem cell maintenance and cancer cell dormancy. The evolutionary conservation of CDKs has allowed for the rapid development of CDK activity sensors for cell lines and several research organisms, including nematodes, fish, and flies. CDK activity sensors are utilized for their ability to visualize the exact moment of cell-cycle commitment. This has provided a breakthrough in understanding the proliferation-quiescence decision. Further adoption of these biosensors will usher in new discoveries focused on the cell-cycle regulation of development, ageing, and cancer.
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39
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Cuny AP, Schlottmann FP, Ewald JC, Pelet S, Schmoller KM. Live cell microscopy: From image to insight. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:021302. [PMID: 38505412 PMCID: PMC10903399 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Live-cell microscopy is a powerful tool that can reveal cellular behavior as well as the underlying molecular processes. A key advantage of microscopy is that by visualizing biological processes, it can provide direct insights. Nevertheless, live-cell imaging can be technically challenging and prone to artifacts. For a successful experiment, many careful decisions are required at all steps from hardware selection to downstream image analysis. Facing these questions can be particularly intimidating due to the requirement for expertise in multiple disciplines, ranging from optics, biophysics, and programming to cell biology. In this review, we aim to summarize the key points that need to be considered when setting up and analyzing a live-cell imaging experiment. While we put a particular focus on yeast, many of the concepts discussed are applicable also to other organisms. In addition, we discuss reporting and data sharing strategies that we think are critical to improve reproducibility in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian P. Schlottmann
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer C. Ewald
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Serge Pelet
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Slangen PL, Porat Y, Mertz M, van den Broek B, Jalink K, de Gooijer MC, van Tellingen O, Borst GR. Protocol for live-cell imaging during Tumor Treating Fields treatment with Inovitro Live. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101246. [PMID: 35368806 PMCID: PMC8971986 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are an FDA-approved anticancer treatment using alternating electric fields. Here, we present a protocol to perform live-cell imaging (LCI) of cells during TTFields treatment with the Inovitro LiveTM system. The setup we describe dissipates TTFields-related heat production and can be used in conjunction with any LCI-compatible microscope setup. This approach will enable further elucidation of TTFields’ mechanism of action at the molecular level and facilitate the development of promising combination strategies. Inovitro LiveTM allows concurrent live-cell imaging and TTFields treatment Suitable for use with both 2D -and 3D-cultured cells Describes multiple strategies to dissipate TTFields-associated heat Step-by-step description on how to operate the Inovitro LiveTM software
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L.G. Slangen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolijn Mertz
- Bioimaging Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C. de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben R. Borst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, M20 4BX Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, M20 4GJ Manchester, UK
- Corresponding author
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41
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Sela Y, Li J, Maheswaran S, Norgard R, Yuan S, Hubbi M, Doepner M, Xu JP, Ho E, Measaros C, Sheehan C, Croley G, Muir A, Blair IA, Shalem O, Dang CV, Stanger BZ. Bcl-xL Enforces a Slow-Cycling State Necessary for Survival in the Nutrient-Deprived Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1890-1908. [PMID: 35315913 PMCID: PMC9117449 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors possess heterogeneous metabolic microenvironments where oxygen and nutrient availability are plentiful (fertile regions) or scarce (arid regions). While cancer cells residing in fertile regions proliferate rapidly, most cancer cells in vivo reside in arid regions and exhibit a slow-cycling state that renders them chemoresistant. Here, we developed an in vitro system enabling systematic comparison between these populations via transcriptome analysis, metabolomic profiling, and whole-genome CRISPR screening. Metabolic deprivation led to pronounced transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in decreased anabolic activities and distinct vulnerabilities. Reductions in anabolic, energy-consuming activities, particularly cell proliferation, were not simply byproducts of the metabolic challenge, but rather essential adaptations. Mechanistically, Bcl-xL played a central role in the adaptation to nutrient and oxygen deprivation. In this setting, Bcl-xL protected quiescent cells from the lethal effects of cell-cycle entry in the absence of adequate nutrients. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-xL combined with traditional chemotherapy had a synergistic antitumor effect that targeted cycling cells. Bcl-xL expression was strongly associated with poor patient survival despite being confined to the slow-cycling fraction of human pancreatic cancer cells. These findings provide a rationale for combining traditional cancer therapies that target rapidly cycling cells with those that target quiescent, chemoresistant cells associated with nutrient and oxygen deprivation. SIGNIFICANCE The majority of pancreatic cancer cells inhabit nutrient- and oxygen-poor tumor regions and require Bcl-xL for their survival, providing a compelling antitumor metabolic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogev Sela
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Shivahamy Maheswaran
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Robert Norgard
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Salina Yuan
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Maimon Hubbi
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Miriam Doepner
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Jimmy P. Xu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Elaine Ho
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Measaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Colin Sheehan
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Grace Croley
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Systems and Computational Biology Center and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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42
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A PARylation-phosphorylation cascade promotes TOPBP1 loading and RPA-RAD51 exchange in homologous recombination. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2571-2587.e9. [PMID: 35597237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is closely associated with genome stability and tumor response to chemotherapy. While many factors have been functionally characterized in HR, such as TOPBP1, their precise regulation remains unclear. Here, we report that TOPBP1 interacts with the RNA-binding protein HTATSF1 in a cell-cycle- and phosphorylation-dependent manner. Mechanistically, CK2 phosphorylates HTATSF1 to facilitate binding to TOPBP1, which promotes S-phase-specific TOPBP1 recruitment to damaged chromatin and subsequent RPA/RAD51-dependent HR, genome integrity, and cancer-cell viability. The localization of HTATSF1-TOPBP1 to DSBs is potentially independent of the transcription-coupled RNA-binding and processing capacity of HTATSF1 but rather relies on the recognition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated RPA by HTATSF1, which can be blunted with PARP inhibitors. Together, our study provides a mechanistic insight into TOPBP1 loading at HR-prone DSB sites via HTATSF1 and reveals how RPA-RAD51 exchange is tuned by a PARylation-phosphorylation cascade.
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43
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Limas JC, Littlejohn AN, House AM, Kedziora KM, Mouery BL, Ma B, Fleifel D, Walens A, Aleman MM, Dominguez D, Cook JG. Quantitative profiling of adaptation to cyclin E overproduction. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201378. [PMID: 35173014 PMCID: PMC8860095 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin E/CDK2 drives cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Despite the toxicity of cyclin E overproduction in mammalian cells, the cyclin E gene is overexpressed in some cancers. To further understand how cells can tolerate high cyclin E, we characterized non-transformed epithelial cells subjected to chronic cyclin E overproduction. Cells overproducing cyclin E, but not cyclins D or A, briefly experienced truncated G1 phases followed by a transient period of DNA replication origin underlicensing, replication stress, and impaired proliferation. Individual cells displayed substantial intercellular heterogeneity in cell cycle dynamics and CDK activity. Each phenotype improved rapidly despite high cyclin E-associated activity. Transcriptome analysis revealed adapted cells down-regulated a cohort of G1-regulated genes. Withdrawing cyclin E from adapted cells only partially reversed underlicensing indicating that adaptation is at least partly non-genetic. This study provides evidence that mammalian cyclin E/CDK inhibits origin licensing indirectly through premature S phase onset and provides mechanistic insight into the relationship between CDKs and licensing. It serves as an example of oncogene adaptation that may recapitulate molecular changes during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita C Limas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amiee N Littlejohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amy M House
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Kedziora
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Bioinformatics and Analytics Research Collaborative (BARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brandon L Mouery
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Boyang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dalia Fleifel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Walens
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria M Aleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Dominguez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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44
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LIM Tracker: a software package for cell tracking and analysis with advanced interactivity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2702. [PMID: 35177675 PMCID: PMC8854686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell tracking is one of the most critical tools for time-lapse image analysis to observe cell behavior and cell lineages over a long period of time. However, the accompanying graphical user interfaces are often difficult to use and do not incorporate seamless manual correction, data analysis tools, or simple training set design tools if it is machine learning based. In this paper, we introduce our cell tracking software “LIM Tracker”. This software has a conventional tracking function consisting of recognition processing and link processing, a sequential search-type tracking function based on pattern matching, and a manual tracking function. LIM Tracker enables the seamless use of these functions. In addition, the system incorporates a highly interactive and interlocking data visualization method, which displays analysis result in real time, making it possible to flexibly correct the data and reduce the burden of tracking work. Moreover, recognition functions with deep learning (DL) are also available, which can be used for a wide range of targets including stain-free images. LIM Tracker allows researchers to track living objects with good usability and high versatility for various targets. We present a tracking case study based on fluorescence microscopy images (NRK-52E/EKAREV-NLS cells or MCF-10A/H2B-iRFP-P2A-mScarlet-I-hGem-P2A-PIP-NLS-mNeonGreen cells) and phase contrast microscopy images (Glioblastoma-astrocytoma U373 cells). LIM Tracker is implemented as a plugin for ImageJ/Fiji. The software can be downloaded from https://github.com/LIMT34/LIM-Tracker.
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45
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Mei L, Kedziora KM, Song EA, Purvis JE, Cook J. The consequences of differential origin licensing dynamics in distinct chromatin environments. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9601-9620. [PMID: 35079814 PMCID: PMC9508807 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosomes contain regions of varying accessibility, yet DNA replication factors must access all regions. The first replication step is loading MCM complexes to license replication origins during the G1 cell cycle phase. It is not yet known how mammalian MCM complexes are adequately distributed to both accessible euchromatin regions and less accessible heterochromatin regions. To address this question, we combined time-lapse live-cell imaging with immunofluorescence imaging of single human cells to quantify the relative rates of MCM loading in euchromatin and heterochromatin throughout G1. We report here that MCM loading in euchromatin is faster than that in heterochromatin in early G1, but surprisingly, heterochromatin loading accelerates relative to euchromatin loading in middle and late G1. This differential acceleration allows both chromatin types to begin S phase with similar concentrations of loaded MCM. The different loading dynamics require ORCA-dependent differences in origin recognition complex distribution. A consequence of heterochromatin licensing dynamics is that cells experiencing a truncated G1 phase from premature cyclin E expression enter S phase with underlicensed heterochromatin, and DNA damage accumulates preferentially in heterochromatin in the subsequent S/G2 phase. Thus, G1 length is critical for sufficient MCM loading, particularly in heterochromatin, to ensure complete genome duplication and to maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Kedziora
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Bioinformatics and Analytics Research Collaborative (BARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Song
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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46
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Klapp V, Bloy N, Galassi C, Sato A, Yamazaki T, Buqué A, Galluzzi L, Petroni G. Cytofluorometric assessment of cell cycle progression in irradiated cells. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 172:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Krenning L, Sonneveld S, Tanenbaum M. Time-resolved single-cell sequencing identifies multiple waves of mRNA decay during the mitosis-to-G1 phase transition. eLife 2022; 11:71356. [PMID: 35103592 PMCID: PMC8806192 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate control of the cell cycle is critical for development and tissue homeostasis, and requires precisely timed expression of many genes. Cell cycle gene expression is regulated through transcriptional and translational control, as well as through regulated protein degradation. Here, we show that widespread and temporally controlled mRNA decay acts as an additional mechanism for gene expression regulation during the cell cycle in human cells. We find that two waves of mRNA decay occur sequentially during the mitosis-to-G1 phase transition, and we identify the deadenylase CNOT1 as a factor that contributes to mRNA decay during this cell cycle transition. Collectively, our data show that, akin to protein degradation, scheduled mRNA decay helps to reshape cell cycle gene expression as cells move from mitosis into G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenno Krenning
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute – KNAW and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Stijn Sonneveld
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute – KNAW and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Marvin Tanenbaum
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute – KNAW and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
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48
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Kohrman AQ, Kim-Yip RP, Posfai E. Imaging developmental cell cycles. Biophys J 2021; 120:4149-4161. [PMID: 33964274 PMCID: PMC8516676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen a major expansion in development of live biosensors, the tools needed to genetically encode them into model organisms, and the microscopic techniques used to visualize them. When combined, these offer us powerful tools with which to make fundamental discoveries about complex biological processes. In this review, we summarize the availability of biosensors to visualize an essential cellular process, the cell cycle, and the techniques for single-cell tracking and quantification of these reporters. We also highlight studies investigating the connection of cellular behavior to the cell cycle, particularly through live imaging, and anticipate exciting discoveries with the combination of these technologies in developmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Q Kohrman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Rebecca P Kim-Yip
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
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49
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Dos Santos Passos C, Choi YS, Snow CD, Yao T, Cohen RE. Design of genetically encoded sensors to detect nucleosome ubiquitination in live cells. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211785. [PMID: 33570569 PMCID: PMC7883740 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are dynamic, context-dependent signals that modulate chromatin structure and function. Ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation to different lysines of histones H2A and H2B is used to regulate diverse processes such as gene silencing, transcriptional elongation, and DNA repair. Despite considerable progress made to elucidate the players and mechanisms involved in histone ubiquitination, there remains a lack of tools to monitor these PTMs, especially in live cells. To address this, we combined an avidity-based strategy with in silico approaches to design sensors for specifically ubiquitinated nucleosomes. By linking Ub-binding domains to nucleosome-binding peptides, we engineered proteins that target H2AK13/15Ub and H2BK120Ub with Kd values from 10−8 to 10−6 M; when fused to fluorescent proteins, they work as PTM sensors in cells. The H2AK13/15Ub-specific sensor, employed to monitor signaling from endogenous DNA damage through the cell cycle, identified and differentiated roles for 53BP1 and BARD1 as mediators of this histone PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun-Seok Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Christopher D Snow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tingting Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Robert E Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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50
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Rapid initiation of cell cycle reentry processes protects neurons from amyloid-β toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2011876118. [PMID: 33737393 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011876118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are postmitotic cells. Reactivation of the cell cycle by neurons has been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and models. This gave rise to the hypothesis that reentering the cell cycle renders neurons vulnerable and thus contributes to AD pathogenesis. Here, we use the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) technology to monitor the cell cycle in live neurons. We found transient, self-limited cell cycle reentry activity in naive neurons, suggesting that their postmitotic state is a dynamic process. Furthermore, we observed a diverse response to oligomeric amyloid-β (oAβ) challenge; neurons without cell cycle reentry activity would undergo cell death without activating the FUCCI reporter, while neurons undergoing cell cycle reentry activity at the time of the oAβ challenge could maintain and increase FUCCI reporter signal and evade cell death. Accordingly, we observed marked neuronal FUCCI positivity in the brains of human mutant Aβ precursor protein transgenic (APP23) mice together with increased neuronal expression of the endogenous cell cycle control protein geminin in the brains of 3-mo-old APP23 mice and human AD brains. Taken together, our data challenge the current view on cell cycle in neurons and AD, suggesting that pathways active during early cell cycle reentry in neurons protect from Aβ toxicity.
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