1
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Kim S, Lau TT, Liao MK, Ma HT, Poon RY. Coregulation of NDC80 Complex Subunits Determines the Fidelity of the Spindle-Assembly Checkpoint and Mitosis. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:423-439. [PMID: 38324016 PMCID: PMC11063766 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
NDC80 complex (NDC80C) is composed of four subunits (SPC24, SPC25, NDC80, and NUF2) and is vital for kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachment during mitosis. Paradoxically, NDC80C also functions in the activation of the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC). This raises an interesting question regarding how mitosis is regulated when NDC80C levels are compromised. Using a degron-mediated depletion system, we found that acute silencing of SPC24 triggered a transient mitotic arrest followed by mitotic slippage. SPC24-deficient cells were unable to sustain SAC activation despite the loss of KT-MT interaction. Intriguingly, our results revealed that other subunits of the NDC80C were co-downregulated with SPC24 at a posttranslational level. Silencing any individual subunit of NDC80C likewise reduced the expression of the entire complex. We found that the SPC24-SPC25 and NDC80-NUF2 subcomplexes could be individually stabilized using ectopically expressed subunits. The synergism of SPC24 downregulation with drugs that promote either mitotic arrest or mitotic slippage further underscored the dual roles of NDC80C in KT-MT interaction and SAC maintenance. The tight coordinated regulation of NDC80C subunits suggests that targeting individual subunits could disrupt mitotic progression and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention. IMPLICATIONS These results highlight the tight coordinated regulation of NDC80C subunits and their potential as targets for antimitotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehong Kim
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas T.Y. Lau
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Man Kit Liao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y.C. Poon
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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2
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Yu CY, Yeung TK, Fu WK, Poon RYC. BCL-XL regulates the timing of mitotic apoptosis independently of BCL2 and MCL1 compensation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:2. [PMID: 38172496 PMCID: PMC10764939 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe induced by prolonged mitotic arrest is a major anticancer strategy. Although antiapoptotic BCL2-like proteins, including BCL-XL, are known to regulate apoptosis during mitotic arrest, adaptive changes in their expression can complicate loss-of-function studies. Our studies revealed compensatory alterations in the expression of BCL2 and MCL1 when BCL-XL is either downregulated or overexpressed. To circumvent their reciprocal regulation, we utilized a degron-mediated system to acutely silence BCL-XL just before mitosis. Our results show that in epithelial cell lines including HeLa and RPE1, BCL-XL and BCL2 acted collaboratively to suppress apoptosis during both unperturbed cell cycle and mitotic arrest. By tagging BCL-XL and BCL2 with a common epitope, we estimated that BCL-XL was less abundant than BCL2 in the cell. Nonetheless, BCL-XL played a more prominent antiapoptotic function than BCL2 during interphase and mitotic arrest. Loss of BCL-XL led to mitotic cell death primarily through a BAX-dependent process. Furthermore, silencing of BCL-XL led to the stabilization of MCL1, which played a significant role in buffering apoptosis during mitotic arrest. Nevertheless, even in a MCL1-deficient background, depletion of BCL-XL accelerated mitotic apoptosis. These findings underscore the pivotal involvement of BCL-XL in controlling timely apoptosis during mitotic arrest, despite adaptive changes in the expression of other BCL2-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yin Yu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Kwan Yeung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Kuen Fu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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3
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Wang Y, Poon RYC. MARCH5 regulates mitotic apoptosis through MCL1-dependent and independent mechanisms. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:753-765. [PMID: 36329234 PMCID: PMC9984497 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic MCL1 is critical for delaying apoptosis during mitotic arrest. MCL1 is degraded progressively during mitotic arrest, removing its anti-apoptotic function. We found that knockout of components of ubiquitin ligases including APC/C, SCF complexes, and the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 did not prevent mitotic degradation of MCL1. Nevertheless, MARCH5 determined the initial level of MCL1-NOXA network upon mitotic entry and hence the window of time during MCL1 was present during mitotic arrest. Paradoxically, although knockout of MARCH5 elevated mitotic MCL1, mitotic apoptosis was in fact enhanced in a BAK-dependent manner. Mitotic apoptosis was accelerated after MARCH5 was ablated in both the presence and absence of MCL1. Cell death was not altered after disrupting other MARCH5-regulated BCL2 family members including NOXA, BIM, and BID. Disruption of the mitochondrial fission factor DRP1, however, reduced mitotic apoptosis in MARCH5-disrupted cells. These data suggest that MARCH5 regulates mitotic apoptosis through MCL1-independent mechanisms including mitochondrial maintenance that can overcome the stabilization of MCL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Ng LY, Ma HT, Poon RYC. Cyclin A-CDK1 suppresses the expression of the CDK1 activator CDC25A to safeguard timely mitotic entry. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102957. [PMID: 36717077 PMCID: PMC9986519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A and CDC25A are both activators of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs): cyclin A acts as an activating subunit of CDKs and CDC25A a phosphatase of the inhibitory phosphorylation sites of the CDKs. In this study, we uncovered an inverse relationship between the two CDK activators. As cyclin A is an essential gene, we generated a conditional silencing cell line using a combination of CRISPR-Cas9 and degron-tagged cyclin A. Destruction of cyclin A promoted an acute accumulation of CDC25A. The increase of CDC25A after cyclin A depletion occurred throughout the cell cycle and was independent on cell cycle delay caused by cyclin A deficiency. Moreover, we determined that the inverse relationship with cyclin A was specific for CDC25A and not for other CDC25 family members or kinases that regulate the same sites in CDKs. Unexpectedly, the upregulation of CDC25A was mainly caused by an increase in transcriptional activity instead of a change in the stability of the protein. Reversing the accumulation of CDC25A severely delayed G2-M in cyclin A-depleted cells. Taken together, these data provide evidence of a compensatory mechanism involving CDC25A that ensures timely mitotic entry at different levels of cyclin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau Yan Ng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Li J, Dai C, Xie W, Zhang H, Huang X, Chronis C, Ye Y, Zhang W. A One-step strategy to target essential factors with auxin-inducible degron system in mouse embryonic stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:964119. [PMID: 36003152 PMCID: PMC9393215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.964119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are conferred by networks including transcription factors and histone modifiers. The Auxin-inducible degron (AID) system can rapidly and reversibly degrade its target proteins and is becoming a powerful tool to explore novel function of key pluripotent and histone modifier genes in ESCs. However, the low biallelic tagging efficiency and a basal degradation level of the current AID systems deem it unsuitable to target key pluripotent genes with tightly controlled expression levels. Here, we develop a one-step strategy to successfully target and repress the endogenous pluripotent genes in mouse ESCs and replace their expression with AID fused transgenes. Therefore, this work provides an efficient way for employing the AID system to uncover novel function of essential pluripotent and chromatin modifier genes in ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Li
- Cam-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Dai
- Cam-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Xie
- Cam-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Heyao Zhang
- Cam-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Computational Biology St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Constantinos Chronis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ying Ye
- Cam-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Ye, ; Wensheng Zhang,
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Cam-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Ye, ; Wensheng Zhang,
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6
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Suzuki T, Takagi S, Hara T. Multiple Gene Transfer and All-In-One Conditional Knockout Systems in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Analysis of Gene Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:870629. [PMID: 35419367 PMCID: PMC8995969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.870629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are powerful tools for functional analysis of stem cell-related genes; however, complex gene manipulations, such as locus-targeted introduction of multiple genes and conditional gene knockout conditional knockout, are technically difficult. Here, we review recent advances in technologies aimed at generating cKO clones in ESCs, including two new methods developed in our laboratory: the simultaneous or sequential integration of multiple genes system for introducing an unlimited number of gene cassettes into a specific chromosomal locus using reciprocal recombinases; and the all-in-one cKO system, which enables introduction of an EGFP reporter expression cassette and FLAG-tagged gene of interest under an endogenous promoter. In addition, methods developed in other laboratories, including conventional approaches to establishment of cKO cell clones, inducible Cas9-mediated cKO generation, and cKO assisted by reporter construct, invertible gene-trap cassette, and conditional protein degradation. Finally, we discuss the advantages of each approach, as well as the remaining issues and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Suzuki
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Takagi
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hara
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Lau HW, Ma HT, Yeung TK, Tam MY, Zheng D, Chu SK, Poon RYC. Quantitative differences between cyclin-dependent kinases underlie the unique functions of CDK1 in human cells. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109808. [PMID: 34644583 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most intriguing features of cell-cycle control is that, although there are multiple cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in higher eukaryotes, a single CDK is responsible for both G1-S and G2-M in yeasts. By leveraging a rapid conditional silencing system in human cell lines, we confirm that CDK1 assumes the role of G1-S CDK in the absence of CDK2. Unexpectedly, CDK1 deficiency does not prevent mitotic entry. Nonetheless, inadequate phosphorylation of mitotic substrates by noncanonical cyclin B-CDK2 complexes does not allow progression beyond metaphase and underscores deleterious late mitotic events, including the uncoupling of anaphase A and B and cytokinesis. Elevation of CDK2 to a level similar to CDK1 overcomes the mitotic defects caused by CDK1 deficiency, indicating that the relatively low concentration of CDK2 accounts for the defective anaphase. Collectively, these results reveal that the difference between G2-M and G1-S CDKs in human cells is essentially quantitative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Wai Lau
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Kwan Yeung
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Man Yee Tam
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Danyi Zheng
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Ki Chu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Yat Choi Poon
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong; Center for Cancer Research and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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8
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The Conditional Knockout Analogous System: CRISPR-Mediated Knockout Together with Inducible Degron and Transcription-Controlled Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34085233 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1538-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The revolutionary CRISPR technology opens a new era of cell biology in mammalian cells. The InDel mutation is induced by CRISPR and results in the frameshift mutation of the gene. Owing to the nature of CRISPR induced knockout, the conditional knockout using CRISPR technology is not common. With the recent development of the small molecule-inducible degron system, an analogous system to the classical genetic conditional knockout has become feasible. By integrating CRISPR-knockout, the tetracycline-controlled transcriptional and auxin-induced degradation post-translational control of protein expression, a method imitating the conditional knockout is developed. We herein describe the detailed protocol for the generation of a conditional protein inactivation in human cancer cells. The system is especially useful to study essential gene function in aneuploidy cancer cells where gain in copy number is common.
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9
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Yeung TK, Lau HW, Ma HT, Poon RYC. One-step multiplex toolkit for efficient generation of conditional gene silencing human cell lines. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1320-1330. [PMID: 33979199 PMCID: PMC8351548 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-02-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function analysis is one of the major arsenals we have for understanding gene functions in mammalian cells. For analysis of essential genes, the major challenge is to develop simple methodologies for tight and rapid inducible gene inactivation. One approach involves CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of the endogenous locus in conjunction with the expression of a rescue construct, which can subsequently be turned off to produce a gene inactivation effect. Here we describe the development of a set of Sleeping Beauty transposon-based vectors for expressing auxin-inducible degron (AID)-tagged genes under the regulation of a tetracycline-controlled promoter. The dual transcriptional and degron-mediated post-translational regulation allows rapid and tight silencing of protein expression in mammalian cells. We demonstrated that both non-essential and essential genes could be targeted in human cell lines using a one-step transfection method. Moreover, multiple genes could be simultaneously or sequentially targeted, allowing inducible inactivation of multiple genes. These resources enable highly efficient generation of conditional gene silencing cell lines to facilitate functional studies of essential genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kwan Yeung
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Wai Lau
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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10
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Prozzillo Y, Fattorini G, Santopietro MV, Suglia L, Ruggiero A, Ferreri D, Messina G. Targeted Protein Degradation Tools: Overview and Future Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120421. [PMID: 33256092 PMCID: PMC7761331 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Gene inactivation is a powerful strategy to study the function of specific proteins in the context of cellular physiology that can be applied for only non-essential genes since their DNA sequence is destroyed. On the other hand, perturbing the amount of the transcript can lead to incomplete protein depletion and generate potential off-target effects. Instead, targeting at the protein level is desirable to overcome these limitations. In the last decade, several approaches have been developed and wisely improved, including compartment delocalization tools and protein degradation systems. This review highlights the most recent advances in targeted protein inactivation (TPI) and focuses on a putative novel tool to specifically degrade endogenous genetically unmodified target protein. Abstract Targeted protein inactivation (TPI) is an elegant approach to investigate protein function and its role in the cellular landscape, overcoming limitations of genetic perturbation strategies. These systems act in a reversible manner and reduce off-target effects exceeding the limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA interference, respectively. Several TPI have been developed and wisely improved, including compartment delocalization tools and protein degradation systems. However, unlike chemical tools such as PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras), which work in a wild-type genomic background, TPI technologies require adding an aminoacidic signal sequence (tag) to the protein of interest (POI). On the other hand, the design and optimization of PROTACs are very laborious and time-consuming. In this review, we focus on anchor-away, deGradFP, auxin-inducible degron (AID) and dTAG technologies and discuss their recent applications and advances. Finally, we propose nano-grad, a novel nanobody-based protein degradation tool, which specifically proteolyzes endogenous tag-free target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Prozzillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Gaia Fattorini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Maria Virginia Santopietro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Luigi Suglia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
- Immune and Infectious Disease Division, Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Ferreri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (M.V.S.); (L.S.); (D.F.)
- Pasteur Institute of Italy, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (G.M.)
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11
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Lok TM, Wang Y, Xu WK, Xie S, Ma HT, Poon RYC. Mitotic slippage is determined by p31 comet and the weakening of the spindle-assembly checkpoint. Oncogene 2020; 39:2819-2834. [PMID: 32029899 PMCID: PMC7098889 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic slippage involves cells exiting mitosis without proper chromosome segregation. Although degradation of cyclin B1 during prolonged mitotic arrest is believed to trigger mitotic slippage, its upstream regulation remains obscure. Whether mitotic slippage is caused by APC/CCDC20 activity that is able to escape spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC)-mediated inhibition, or is actively promoted by a change in SAC activity remains an outstanding issue. We found that a major culprit for mitotic slippage involves reduction of MAD2 at the kinetochores, resulting in a progressive weakening of SAC during mitotic arrest. A further level of control of the timing of mitotic slippage is through p31comet-mediated suppression of MAD2 activation. The loss of kinetochore MAD2 was dependent on APC/CCDC20, indicating a feedback control of APC/C to SAC during prolonged mitotic arrest. The gradual weakening of SAC during mitotic arrest enables APC/CCDC20 to degrade cyclin B1, cumulating in the cell exiting mitosis by mitotic slippage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun Ming Lok
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Wang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy Kaichun Xu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Siwei Xie
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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