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Panczyszyn E, Saverio V, Monzani R, Gagliardi M, Petrovic J, Stojkovska J, Collavin L, Corazzari M. FSP1 is a predictive biomarker of osteosarcoma cells' susceptibility to ferroptotic cell death and a potential therapeutic target. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:87. [PMID: 38368399 PMCID: PMC10874395 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma (OS) is a relatively rare malignancy preferentially affecting long body bones which prognosis is often poor also due to the lack of effective therapies. Clinical management of this cancer basically relies on surgical removal of primary tumor coupled with radio/chemotherapy. Unfortunately, most osteosarcoma cells are resistant to conventional therapy, with the undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) giving rise to gene expression reprogramming, thus increasing cancer cell invasiveness and metastatic potential. Alternative clinical approaches are thus urgently needed. In this context, the recently described ferroptotic cell death represents an attractive new strategy to efficiently kill cancer cells, since most chemoresistant and mesenchymal-shaped tumors display high susceptibility to pro-ferroptotic compounds. However, cancer cells have also evolved anti-ferroptotic strategies, which somehow sustain their survival upon ferroptosis induction. Indeed, here we show that osteosarcoma cell lines display heterogeneous sensitivity to ferroptosis execution, correlating with the mesenchymal phenotype, which is consistently affected by the expression of the well-known anti-ferroptotic factor ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1). Interestingly, inhibiting the activity or expression of FSP1 restores cancer cell sensitivity to ferroptosis. Moreover, we also found that: i) AKRs might also contribute to resistance; ii) NRF2 enhances FSP1 expression upon ferroptosis induction; while iii) p53 contributes to the regulation of FSP1 basal expression in OS cells.In conclusion, FSP1 expression can potentially be used as a valuable predictive marker of OS sensitivity to ferroptosis and as a new potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Panczyszyn
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Saverio
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Romina Monzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mara Gagliardi
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Jelena Petrovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Stojkovska
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Licio Collavin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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2
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Zhu J, Shen P, Xu Y, Zhang X, Chen Q, Gu K, Ji S, Yang B, Zhao Y. Ferroptosis: a new mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine for cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1290120. [PMID: 38292937 PMCID: PMC10824936 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1290120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, is a novel cellular death pathway characterized by the build-up of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from lipids within cells. Recent studies demonstrated the efficacy of ferroptosis inducers in targeting malignant cells, thereby establishing a promising avenue for combating cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of use and is widely used in cancer treatment. TCM takes a holistic approach, viewing the patient as a system and utilizing herbal formulas to address complex diseases such as cancer. Recent TCM studies have elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis induction during cancer treatment. These studies have identified numerous plant metabolites and derivatives that target multiple pathways and molecular targets. TCM can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells through various regulatory mechanisms, such as amino acid, iron, and lipid metabolism pathways, which may provide novel therapeutic strategies for apoptosis-resistant cancer treatment. TCM also influence anticancer immunotherapy via ferroptosis. This review comprehensively elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, highlights the pivotal regulatory genes involved in orchestrating this process, evaluates the advancements made in TCM research pertaining to ferroptosis, and provides theoretical insights into the induction of ferroptosis in tumors using botanical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Clinical Cancer Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Clinical Cancer Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Clinical Cancer Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Clinical Cancer Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Clinical Cancer Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengjun Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Clinical Cancer Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutian Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Clinical Cancer Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Kyriakou S, Demosthenous N, Amery T, Stewart KJ, Winyard PG, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Naturally Derived Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Modulates Induction of Oxidative Stress via Its N-Acetylated Cysteine Conjugated form in Malignant Melanoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:82. [PMID: 38247506 PMCID: PMC10812449 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a secondary metabolic product yielded upon the hydrolysis of gluconasturtiin and it is highly accumulated in the flowers of watercress. The aim of the current study was to assess the role of a naturally derived PEITC-enriched extract in the induction of oxidative stress and to evaluate its anti-melanoma potency through the regulation of its metabolism with the concurrent production of the N-acetyl cysteine conjugated by-product. For this purpose, an in vitro melanoma model was utilized consisting of human primary (A375) cells as well as metastatic (COLO-679) malignant melanoma cells together with non-tumorigenic immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT). Cytotoxicity was assessed via the Alamar Blue assay whereas the antioxidant/prooxidant activity of PEITC was determined via spectrophotometric assays. Finally, kinetic characterization of the end-product of PEITC metabolism was monitored via UPLC coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Our results indicate that although PhEF showed very minor antioxidant activity in a cell-free system, in a cell-based system, it can modulate the activity of key enzyme(s) involved in cellular antioxidant defense mechanism(s). In addition, we have shown that PhEF induces lipid and protein oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner, while its cytotoxicity is not only dependent on PEITC itself but also on its N-acetylated cysteine conjugated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Nikoletta Demosthenous
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Tom Amery
- The Watercress Company, Dorchester DT2 8QY, UK;
| | - Kyle J. Stewart
- Watercress Research Limited, Unit 24, De Havilland Road, Exeter EX5 2GE, UK; (K.J.S.); (P.G.W.)
| | - Paul G. Winyard
- Watercress Research Limited, Unit 24, De Havilland Road, Exeter EX5 2GE, UK; (K.J.S.); (P.G.W.)
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (N.D.)
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Khorsandi K, Esfahani H, Ghamsari SK, Lakhshehei P. Targeting ferroptosis in melanoma: cancer therapeutics. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:337. [PMID: 37996827 PMCID: PMC10666330 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01296-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive kind of skin cancer; its rate has risen rapidly over the past few decades. Melanoma reports for only about 1% of skin cancers but leads to a high majority of skin cancer deaths. Thus, new useful therapeutic approaches are currently required, to state effective treatments to consistently enhance the overall survival rate of melanoma patients. Ferroptosis is a recently identified cell death process, which is different from autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis in terms of biochemistry, genetics, and morphology which plays an important role in cancer treatment. Ferroptosis happens mostly by accumulating iron and lipid peroxides in the cell. Recently, studies have revealed that ferroptosis has a key role in the tumor's progression. Especially, inducing ferroptosis in cells can inhibit the tumor cells' growth, leading to back warding tumorigenesis. Here, we outline the ferroptosis characteristics from its basic role in melanoma cancer and mention its possible applications in melanoma cancer treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamics, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - HomaSadat Esfahani
- Department of Photodynamics, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Lakhshehei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang J, Ye ZW, Chakraborty P, Luo Z, Culpepper J, Aslam M, Zhang L, Johansson K, Haeggström JZ, Xu J, Olsson M, Townsend DM, Mehrotra S, Morgenstern R, Tew KD. Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 controls metastasis and therapeutic response in melanoma. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106899. [PMID: 37648102 PMCID: PMC10623471 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
While recent targeted and immunotherapies in malignant melanoma are encouraging, most patients acquire resistance, implicating a need to identify additional drug targets to improve outcomes. Recently, attention has been given to pathways that regulate redox homeostasis, especially the lipid peroxidase pathway that protects cells against ferroptosis. Here we identify microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1), a non-selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, as highly expressed in malignant and drug resistant melanomas and as a specific determinant of metastatic spread and therapeutic sensitivity. Loss of MGST1 in mouse and human melanoma enhanced cellular oxidative stress, and diminished glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and pentose phosphate pathway. Gp100 activated pmel-1 T cells killed more Mgst1 KD than control melanoma cells and KD cells were more sensitive to cytotoxic anticancer drugs and ferroptotic cell death. When compared to control, mice bearing Mgst1 KD B16 tumors had more CD8+ T cell infiltration with reduced expression of inhibitory receptors and increased cytokine response, large reduction of lung metastases and enhanced survival. Targeting MGST1 alters the redox balance and limits metastases in melanoma, enhancing the therapeutic index for chemo- and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - John Culpepper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | | | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Divisions of Biochemistry and Chemisty 2, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 9A, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Magnus Olsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Ralf Morgenstern
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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6
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XU L, YANG G, SONG B, CHEN D, YUNUS A, CHEN J, YANG X, TIAN Z. Ribosomal protein L8 regulates the expression and splicing pattern of genes associated with cancer-related pathways. Turk J Biol 2023; 47:313-324. [PMID: 38155938 PMCID: PMC10752374 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0152.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Ribosomal proteins have been shown to perform unique extraribosomal functions in cell apoptosis and other biological processes. Ribosomal protein L8 (RPL8) not only has important nonribosomal regulatory functions but also participates in the oncogenesis and development of tumors. However, the specific biological functions and pathways involved in this process are still unknown. Materials and methods RPL8 was overexpressed (RPL8-OE) in HeLa cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) by RPL8-OE, both of which were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Results RPL8-OE inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. RPL8 regulated the differential expression of many oncogenic genes and the occurrence of RASEs. Many DEGs and RASE genes (RASGs) were enriched in tumorigenesis and tumor progression-related pathways, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and regulation of cell proliferation. RPL8 could regulate the RASGs enriched in the negative regulation of apoptosis, consistent with its proapoptosis function. Furthermore, RPL8 may influence cancer-related DEGs by modulating the alternative splicing of transcription factors. Conclusion RPL8 might affect the phenotypes of cancer cells by altering the transcriptome profiles, including gene expression and splicing, which provides novel insights into the biological functions of RPL8 in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei XU
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Gui YANG
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Bin SONG
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China
| | - Dong CHEN
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China
| | - Akbar YUNUS
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao CHEN
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang YANG
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Zheng TIAN
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
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Tyurina YY, Kapralov AA, Tyurin VA, Shurin G, Amoscato AA, Rajasundaram D, Tian H, Bunimovich YL, Nefedova Y, Herrick WG, Parchment RE, Doroshow JH, Bayir H, Srivastava AK, Kagan VE. Redox phospholipidomics discovers pro-ferroptotic death signals in A375 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102650. [PMID: 36870109 PMCID: PMC9996109 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing cancer cells effectively evade most programs of regulated cell death, particularly apoptosis. This necessitates a search for alternative therapeutic modalities to cause cancer cell's demise, among them - ferroptosis. One of the obstacles to using pro-ferroptotic agents to treat cancer is the lack of adequate biomarkers of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is accompanied by peroxidation of polyunsaturated species of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to hydroperoxy- (-OOH) derivatives, which act as death signals. We demonstrate that RSL3-induced death of A375 melanoma cells in vitro was fully preventable by ferrostatin-1, suggesting their high susceptibility to ferroptosis. Treatment of A375 cells with RSL3 caused a significant accumulation of PE-(18:0/20:4-OOH) and PE-(18:0/22:4-OOH), the biomarkers of ferroptosis, as well as oxidatively truncated products - PE-(18:0/hydroxy-8-oxo-oct-6-enoic acid (HOOA) and PC-(18:0/HOOA). A significant suppressive effect of RSL3 on melanoma growth was observed in vivo (utilizing a xenograft model of inoculation of GFP-labeled A375 cells into immune-deficient athymic nude mice). Redox phospholipidomics revealed elevated levels of 18:0/20:4-OOH in RSL3-treated group vs controls. In addition, PE-(18:0/20:4-OOH) species were identified as major contributors to the separation of control and RSL3-treated groups, with the highest variable importance in projection predictive score. Pearson correlation analysis revealed an association between tumor weight and contents of PE-(18:0/20:4-OOH) (r = -0.505), PE-18:0/HOOA (r = -0.547) and PE 16:0-HOOA (r = -0.503). Thus, LC-MS/MS based redox lipidomics is a sensitive and precise approach for the detection and characterization of phospholipid biomarkers of ferroptosis induced in cancer cells by radio- and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Galina Shurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hua Tian
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri L Bunimovich
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - William G Herrick
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ralph E Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hulya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Apurva K Srivastava
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Corazzari M, Collavin L. Wild-type and mutant p53 in cancer-related ferroptosis. A matter of stress management? Front Genet 2023; 14:1148192. [PMID: 37021009 PMCID: PMC10067580 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1148192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells within tumor masses are chronically exposed to stress caused by nutrient deprivation, oxygen limitation, and high metabolic demand. They also accumulate hundreds of mutations, potentially generating aberrant proteins that can induce proteotoxic stress. Finally, cancer cells are exposed to various damages during chemotherapy. In a growing tumor, transformed cells eventually adapt to these conditions, eluding the death-inducing outcomes of signaling cascades triggered by chronic stress. One such extreme outcome is ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death mediated by lipid peroxidation. Not surprisingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is involved in this process, with evidence suggesting that it acts as a pro-ferroptotic factor and that its ferroptosis-inducing activity may be relevant for tumor suppression. Missense alterations of the TP53 gene are extremely frequent in human cancers and give rise to mutant p53 proteins (mutp53) that lose tumor suppressive function and can acquire powerful oncogenic activities. This suggests that p53 mutation provides a selective advantage during tumor progression, raising interesting questions on the impact of p53 mutant proteins in modulating the ferroptotic process. Here, we explore the role of p53 and its cancer-related mutants in ferroptosis, using a perspective centered on the resistance/sensitivity of cancer cells to exogenous and endogenous stress conditions that can trigger ferroptotic cell death. We speculate that an accurate molecular understanding of this particular axis may improve cancer treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco Corazzari, ; Licio Collavin,
| | - Licio Collavin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco Corazzari, ; Licio Collavin,
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Transglutaminase 2 and Ferroptosis: a new liaison? Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:88. [PMID: 36894531 PMCID: PMC9998634 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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10
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Malakoutikhah Z, Mohajeri Z, Dana N, Haghjooy Javanmard S. The dual role of Nrf2 in melanoma: a systematic review. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:5. [PMID: 36747120 PMCID: PMC9900951 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Although novel treatments have improved patient survival in melanoma, the overall prognosis remains poor. To improve current therapies and patients outcome, it is necessary to identify the influential elements in the development and progression of melanoma.Due to UV exposure and melanin synthesis, the melanocytic lineage seems to have a higher rate of ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation. Melanoma has been linked to an increased oxidative state, and all facets of melanoma pathophysiology rely on redox biology. Several redox-modulating pathways have arisen to resist oxidative stress. One of which, the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), has been recognized as a master regulator of cellular response to oxidative or electrophilic challenges. The activation of Nrf2 signaling causes a wide range of antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes to be expressed. As a result, this transcription factor has lately received a lot of interest as a possible cancer treatment target.On the other hand, Nrf2 has been found to have a variety of activities in addition to its antioxidant abilities, constant Nrf2 activation in malignant cells may accelerate metastasis and chemoresistance. Hence, based on the cell type and context, Nrf2 has different roles in either preventing or promoting cancer. In this study, we aimed to systematically review all the studies discussing the function of Nrf2 in melanoma and the factors determining its alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Malakoutikhah
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mohajeri
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XApplied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XApplied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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He J, Huang W, Li X, Wang J, Nie Y, Li G, Wang X, Cao H, Chen X, Wang X. A new ferroptosis-related genetic mutation risk model predicts the prognosis of skin cutaneous melanoma. Front Genet 2023; 13:988909. [PMID: 36685905 PMCID: PMC9849373 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death mode and closely linked to various cancers, including skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Although attempts have been made to construct ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) signatures for predicting the prognosis of SKCM, the prognostic impact of ferroptosis-related genetic mutations in SKCM remains lacking. This study aims to develop a prediction model to explain the relationship between ferroptosis-related genetic mutations and clinical outcomes of SKCM patients and to explore the potential value of ferroptosis in SKCM treatment. Methods: FRGs which significantly correlated with the prognosis of SKCM were firstly screened based on their single-nucleotide variant (SNV) status by univariate Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regressions were performed to construct a new ferroptosis-related genetic mutation risk (FerrGR) model for predicting the prognosis of SKCM. We then illustrate the survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate the predictive power of the FerrGR model. Moreover, independent prognostic factors, genomic and clinical characteristics, immunotherapy, immune infiltration, and sensitive drugs were compared between high-and low-FerrGR groups. Results: The FerrGR model was developed with a good performance on survival and ROC analysis. It was a robust independent prognostic indicator and followed a nomogram constructed to predict prognostic outcomes for SKCM patients. Besides, FerrGR combined with tumor mutational burden (TMB) or MSI (microsatellite instability) was considered as a combined biomarker for immunotherapy response. The high FerrGR group patients were associated with an inhibitory immune microenvironment. Furthermore, potential drugs target to high FerrGR samples were predicted. Conclusion: The FerrGR model is valuable to predict prognosis and immunotherapy in SKCM patients. It offers a novel therapeutic option for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yaxing Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiqiang Li
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Huili Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China,*Correspondence: Xusheng Wang, ; Xiaodong Chen,
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xusheng Wang, ; Xiaodong Chen,
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12
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The Gut-Ex-Vivo System (GEVS) Is a Dynamic and Versatile Tool for the Study of DNBS-Induced IBD in BALB/C and C57BL/6 Mice, Highlighting the Protective Role of Probiotics. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111574. [PMID: 36358275 PMCID: PMC9687175 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IBD is a spectrum of pathologies characterized by dysregulated immune activation leading to uncontrolled response against the intestine, thus resulting in chronic gut inflammation and tissue damage. Due to its complexity, the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease onset and progression are still elusive, thus requiring intense research effort. In this context, the development of models replicating the etiopathology of IBD and allowing the testing of new potential therapies is critical. METHODS Colon from C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice was cultivated in a Gut-Ex-Vivo System (GEVS), exposed for 5 h to DNBS 1.5 or 2.5 mg/mL, in presence or absence of two probiotic formulations (P1 = Bifidobacterium breve BR03 (DSM16604) and B632 (DSM24706); P2 = Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR04 (DSM16605), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP14 (DSM33401) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPC09), and the main hallmarks of IBD were evaluated. RESULTS Gene expression analysis revealed the following DNBS-induced effects: (i) compromised tight junction organization, responsible for tissue permeability dysregulation; (ii) induction of ER stress, and (iii) tissue inflammation in colon of C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the concomitant DNBS-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways were evident in colon from both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Finally, the co-administration of probiotics completely prevented the detrimental effects of DNBS. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we have provided results demonstrating that GEVS is a consistent, reliable, and cost-effective system for modeling DNBS-induced IBD, useful for studying the onset and progression of human disease at the molecular level, while also reducing animal suffering. Moreover, we have confirmed the beneficial effect of probiotics administration in promoting the remission of IBD.
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13
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Guo S, Chen J, Yi X, Lu Z, Guo W. Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature as a prognostic model for skin cutaneous melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985051. [PMID: 36248853 PMCID: PMC9556814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a type of skin cancer, which originates from the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocytes, with extremely high lethality. Ferroptosis has been documented to be highly related to cancer pathogenesis and the effect of immunotherapy. In addition, the dysregulation of lncRNAs is greatly implicated in melanoma progression and ferroptosis regulation. However, the significance of ferroptosis-related lncRNA in melanoma treatment and the prognosis of melanoma patients remains elusive. Methods Via Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis in the TCGA SKCM database, a cutaneous melanoma risk model was established based on differentially-expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (DEfrlncRNAs). The nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots were conducted to examine the predictive performance of this model. Sequentially, we continued to analyze the differences between the high- and low-risk groups, in terms of clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity. Moreover, the expressions of DEfrlncRNAs, PD-L1, and CD8 were also examined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in melanoma tissues to further confirm the potential clinical implication of DEfrlncRNAs in melanoma immunotherapy. Results 16 DEfrlncRNAs were identified, and a representative risk score for patient survival was constructed based on these 16 genes. The risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor for the survival of melanoma patients. In addition, the low-risk group of patients had higher immune cell infiltration in the melanoma lesions, higher sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and a better survival prognosis. Besides, the high expression of the identified 5 DEfrlncRNA in the low-risk group might suggest a higher possibility to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the treatment of melanoma. Conclusion The DEfrlncRNA risk prediction model related to ferroptosis genes can independently predict the prognosis of patients with melanoma and provide a basis for evaluating the response of clinical treatment in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zifan Lu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Weinan Guo, ; Zifan Lu,
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Weinan Guo, ; Zifan Lu,
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14
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Ma X, Yu S, Zhao B, Bai W, Cui Y, Ni J, Lyu Q, Zhao J. Development and Validation of a Novel Ferroptosis-Related LncRNA Signature for Predicting Prognosis and the Immune Landscape Features in Uveal Melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922315. [PMID: 35774794 PMCID: PMC9238413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is a newly iron-dependent mode of programmed cell death that is involved in a variety of malignancies. But no research has shown a link between ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (FRLs) and uveal melanoma (UM). We aimed to develop a predictive model for UM and explore its potential function in relation to immune cell infiltration. Methods Identification of FRLs was performed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and FerrDb databases. To develop a prognostic FRLs signature, univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used in training cohort. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to assess the reliability of the risk model. The immunological functions of FRLs signature were determined using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Immunological cell infiltration and immune treatment were studied using the ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA algorithms. Finally, in vitro assays were carried out to confirm the biological roles of FRLs with known primer sequences (LINC00963, PPP1R14B.AS1, and ZNF667.AS1). Results A five-genes novel FRLs signature was identified. The mean risk score generated by this signature was used to create two risk groups. The high-risk score UM patients had a lower overall survival rate. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC and K-M analysis further validated the strong prediction capacity of the prognostic signature. Immune cells such as memory CD8 T cells, M1 macrophages, monocytes, and B cells showed a substantial difference between the two groups. GSEA enrichment results showed that the FRLs signature was linked to certain immune pathways. Moreover, UM patients with high-risk scores were highly susceptible to several chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, imatinib, bortezomib, and pazopanib. Finally, the experimental validation confirmed that knockdown of three identified lncRNA (LINC00963, PPP1R14B.AS1, and ZNF667.AS1) suppressed the invasive ability of tumor cells in vitro. Conclusion The five-FRLs (AC104129.1, AC136475.3, LINC00963, PPP1R14B.AS1, and ZNF667.AS1) signature has effects on clinical survival prediction and selection of immunotherapies for UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sejie Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Bai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yubo Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinglan Ni
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghua Lyu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghua Lyu, ; Jun Zhao,
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghua Lyu, ; Jun Zhao,
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15
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Zalyte E, Cicenas J. Starvation mediates pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to ferroptosis via ERK1/2, JNK and changes in the cell mesenchymal state. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:84. [PMID: 35514314 PMCID: PMC9106375 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly metastatic and therapy‑resistant disease. In the present study, the prospects of a novel approach to kill pancreatic cancer cells were examined: Starvation combined with ferroptosis induction. Established pancreatic cancer cell lines (Miapaca2, Panc‑1, Su.86.86 and T3M4), as well as a unique cell line, Capan‑26, which was originally derived in the authors' laboratory, were used. Cells were deprived from growth factors, amino acids and pseudo‑starved using treatment with mTOR inhibitors; erastin was used to induce ferroptosis. Cell viability and lipid peroxidation measurements using flow cytometry revealed that the starved pancreatic cancer cells reacted differently to ferroptosis induction: The Panc‑1, Su.86.86 and T3M4 cells gained sensitivity, while the Miapaca2 cells acquired resistance. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that ERK1/2 translocated to the nucleus of the starved pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, ERK1/2 pharmacological inhibition with SCH772984 prevented erastin‑induced ferroptosis in the starved Panc‑1, Su.86.86 and T3M4 cells. Confocal microscopy also indicated JNK activation. However, the inhibition of this kinase revealed its unexpected role in oxidative stress management: Treatment with the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, increased the viability of pseudo‑starved cells following erastin treatment. In addition, the FBS‑starved Miapaca2 and Capan‑26 cells transitioned between epithelial and mesenchymal cell states. The results were further confirmed using wound healing assays, western blot analysis and microscopic analysis of epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Mesenchymal properties were associated with a higher sensitivity to erastin, whereas epithelial‑like cells were more resistant. Finally, it was demonstrated that compounds targeting EMT‑related signaling pathways increased cell sensitivity to erastin. On the whole, these results confirm that in starved pancreatic cancer cells, ERK1/2 and JNK signaling, as well as switching between epithelial and mesenchymal states mediates sensitivity to erastin and reveal novel therapeutic prospects of the combination of starvation with ferroptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Zalyte
- Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Centre, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Centre, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Cicenas
- Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Centre, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, CH-3027 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Yue Z, Sun J, Shi L. Construction and Validation of a 6-Ferroptosis Related Gene Signature for Prognosis and Immune Landscape Prediction in Melanoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:887542. [PMID: 35692844 PMCID: PMC9174666 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.887542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of non-apoptotic cell death that relies on iron-mediated oxidative damage, playing a crucial role in the progression and therapy resistance of melanoma. Hence, the potential value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) as a prognostic model and therapeutic target in melanoma requires further investigation. In this study, the relationship between FRGs and melanoma was revealed by analyzing the mRNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Synthesis (GEO). A 6-FRGs signature was constructed by Univariate, multivariate, and lasso Cox regression analyses in the TCGA cohort. The GEO database was used to validate the efficacy of the signature. The protein and mRNA expression level of the signature genes were examined in real-world melanoma tissues via immunohistochemical and quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Functional enrichment analysis and immune-related analysis were conducted to identify the potential biological functions and pathways of the signature. Ten putative small molecule drugs were predicted by Connectivity Map (CMAP). As a result, a 6-FRGs signature was constructed to stratify melanoma patients into two risk groups. Compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had a worse prognosis and a lower ImmuneScore. Immune-related pathways were enriched in the low-risk group. Immune Function and immune cell infiltration of the low-risk group were significantly higher than that of the high-risk group. The differential expression of these six FRGs in melanoma and adjacent normal tissues was confirmed. Moreover, higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules and a greater sensitivity to immunotherapy were observed in the low-risk group. Some small molecular drugs in the CMAP database hold the potential to treat melanoma. Overall, we identified a novel FRGs signature for prognostic prediction in melanoma. Based on the signature-related immune infiltration landscape found in our study, targeting the FRGs might be a therapeutic alternative for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liqing Shi
- *Correspondence: Jianfang Sun, ; Liqing Shi,
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17
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Liu T, Wang L, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Li X, Wu W, Yu S. Melanoma Molecular Subtypes and Development of Prognostic and Immunotherapy-Related Genetic Characteristics by Ferroptosis Gene Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2992939. [PMID: 35516454 PMCID: PMC9064509 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2992939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The dissimilarity is a major problem in clinical therapy of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Objective and reproducible classification systems may help decode SKCM heterogeneity. ConsensusClusterPlus was used to establish a stable immune molecular classification based on ferroptosis-related genes that had been acquired from FerrDb. Moreover, the prognosis, somatic mutations, immune microenvironment characteristics, functional enrichment, and clinical responsiveness to the immune checkpoint blockade of different subtypes in two independent melanin datasets were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves, univariate, multivariate, least absolute contraction, and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis were used to develop a molecular model for predicting survival, which was verified by a nomogram on the basis of independent prognostic indicators. Two molecular subtypes (C1 and C2) for SKCM were first identified according to ferroptosis-related genes; C1 showed a poor prognosis, with lower infiltration degree of immune cells and TIED score and higher homologous recombination defects, fraction altered, the number of segments, and copy number amplification and deletion. These characteristics of C2 were the opposite of C1. A ferroptosis-related prognosis risk score (FPRS) model was constructed using 6 of 463 genes with differential expression between C1 and C2. This model splits patients into low- and high-risk cohorts. There were significant differences in the infiltration and proportion of immune cells, immune checkpoint gene expression, responsiveness to immune checkpoint therapy, and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic medications between low- and high-risk cohorts. This model was an independent prognostic marker for SKCM and has a high AUC. In summary, we have identified two subtypes of SKCM with different molecular and immune characteristics on the basis of ferroptosis-related genes and further developed and verified an FPRS model, which might independently serve as a prognostic marker for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Luqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wence Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shengji Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
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18
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Chen Y, Guo L, Zhou Z, An R, Wang J. Identification and validation of a prognostic model for melanoma patients with 9 ferroptosis-related gene signature. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:245. [PMID: 35354376 PMCID: PMC8969311 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous and
aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Ferroptosis, a new pathway of cell death
depending on the intracellar iron, has been shown to be significantly
associated with apoptosis of a number of tumors, including melanoma.
Nevertheless, the relationship between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and the
melanoma patients’ prognosis needs to be explored. Methods Download expression profiles of FRGs and
clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. 70% data were
randomly selected from the TCGA database and utilized the univariate Cox
analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)
regression model to create a prognostic model, and the remaining 30% was used
to validate the predictive power of the model. In addition, GSE65904 and
GSE22153 date sets as the verification cohort to testify the predictive ability
of the signature. Results We identified nine FRGs relating with melanoma
patients’ overall survival (OS) and established a prognostic model based on
their expression. During the research, patients were divided into group of
high-risk and low-risk according to the results of LASSO regression analysis.
Survival time was significantly longer in the low-risk group than that of in the
high-risk group (P < 0.001). Enrichment analysis of different risk groups
demonstrated that the reasons for the difference were related to immune-related
pathways, and the degree of immune cell infiltration in the low-risk group was
significantly higher than that in the high-risk group. Conclusions The FRG prognostic model we established can
predict the prognosis of melanoma patients and may further guide subsequent
treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08475-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zijie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jiecong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Bano I, Horky P, Abbas SQ, Majid M, Bilal AHM, Ali F, Behl T, Hassan SSU, Bungau S. Ferroptosis: A New Road towards Cancer Management. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072129. [PMID: 35408533 PMCID: PMC9000380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently described programmed cell death mechanism that is characterized by the buildup of iron (Fe)-dependent lipid peroxides in cells and is morphologically, biochemically, and genetically distinct from other forms of cell death, having emerged to play an important role in cancer biology. Ferroptosis has significant importance during cancer treatment because of the combination of factors, including suppression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), cysteine deficiency, and arachidonoyl (AA) peroxidation, which cause cells to undergo ferroptosis. However, the physiological significance of ferroptosis throughout development is still not fully understood. This current review is focused on the factors and molecular mechanisms with the diagrammatic illustrations of ferroptosis that have a role in the initiation and sensitivity of ferroptosis in various malignancies. This knowledge will open a new road for research in oncology and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Bano
- Faculty of Bio-Sciences, SBBUVAS, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Department of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Akram Hafiz Muhammad Bilal
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India;
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
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20
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Sun S, Zhang G, Zhang L. A Novel Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Prognostic Model and Immune Infiltration Features in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:790047. [PMID: 35186949 PMCID: PMC8851039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is an aggressive malignant skin tumor. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death that may mobilize tumor-infiltrating immunity against cancer. The potential mechanism of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ferroptosis in SKCM is not clear. In this study, the prognostic and treatment value of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs was explored in SKCM, and a prognostic model was established.Methods: We first explored the mutation state of ferroptosis-related genes in SKCM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then, we utilized consensus clustering analysis to divide the samples into three clusters based on gene expression and evaluated their immune infiltration using gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) ESTIMATE and single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms. In addition, we applied univariate Cox analysis to screen prognostic lncRNAs and then validated their prognostic value by Kaplan–Meier (K-M) and transcripts per kilobase million (TPM) value analyses. Finally, we constructed an 18-ferroptosis-related lncRNA prognostic model by multivariate Cox analysis, and SKCM patients were allocated into different risk groups based on the median risk score. The prognostic value of the model was evaluated by K-M and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Additionally, the immunophenoscore (IPS) in different risk groups was detected.Results: The top three mutated ferroptosis genes were TP53, ACSL5, and TF. The SKCM patients in the cluster C had the highest ferroptosis-related gene expression with the richest immune infiltration. Based on the 18 prognosis-related lncRNAs, we constructed a prognostic model of SKCM patients. Patients at low risk had a better prognosis and higher IPS.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were expected to become potential biomarkers and indicators of prognosis and immunotherapy treatment targets of SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Sun
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Litao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Litao Zhang,
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Chang MT, Tsai LC, Nakagawa-Goto K, Lee KH, Shyur LF. Phyto-sesquiterpene lactones DET and DETD-35 induce ferroptosis in vemurafenib sensitive and resistant melanoma via GPX4 inhibition and metabolic reprogramming. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chandler M, Johnson B, Khisamutdinov E, Dobrovolskaia MA, Sztuba-Solinska J, Salem AK, Breyne K, Chammas R, Walter NG, Contreras LM, Guo P, Afonin KA. The International Society of RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (ISRNN): The Present and Future of the Burgeoning Field. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16957-16973. [PMID: 34677049 PMCID: PMC9023608 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The International Society of RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (ISRNN) hosts an annual meeting series focused on presenting the latest research achievements involving RNA-based therapeutics and strategies, aiming to expand their current biomedical applications while overcoming the remaining challenges of the burgeoning field of RNA nanotechnology. The most recent online meeting hosted a series of engaging talks and discussions from an international cohort of leading nanotechnologists that focused on RNA modifications and modulation, dynamic RNA structures, overcoming delivery limitations using a variety of innovative platforms and approaches, and addressing the newly explored potential for immunomodulation with programmable nucleic acid nanoparticles. In this Nano Focus, we summarize the main discussion points, conclusions, and future directions identified during this two-day webinar as well as more recent advances to highlight and to accelerate this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Emil Khisamutdinov
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47304, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joanna Sztuba-Solinska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 120 W. Samford Avenue, Rouse Life Sciences Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussets 02114, United States
| | - Roger Chammas
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 251, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nils G Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lydia M Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78714, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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He D, Liao S, Xiao L, Cai L, You M, He L, Huang W. Prognostic Value of a Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739011. [PMID: 34790661 PMCID: PMC8591309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed cell death (PCD) form that plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and might affect the antitumor effect of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate distinct ferroptosis-related genes, their prognostic value and their relationship with immunotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: The differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes in HNSCC were filtered based on multiple public databases. To avoid overfitting and improve clinical practicability, univariable, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariable Cox algorithms were performed to construct a prognostic risk model. Moreover, a nomogram was constructed to forecast individual prognosis. The differences in tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune infiltration and immune checkpoint genes in HNSCC patients with different prognoses were investigated. The correlation between drug sensitivity and the model was firstly analyzed by the Pearson method. Results: Ten genes related to ferroptosis were screened to construct the prognostic risk model. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis showed that the prognosis of HNSCC patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group (P < 0.001), and the area under the curve (AUC) of the 1-, 3- and 5-year receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve increased year by year (0.665, 0.743, and 0.755). The internal and external validation further verified the accuracy of the model. Then, a nomogram was build based on the reliable model. The C-index of the nomogram was superior to a previous study (0.752 vs. 0.640), and the AUC (0.729 vs. 0.597 at 1 year, 0.828 vs. 0.706 at 3 years and 0.853 vs. 0.645 at 5 years), calibration plot and decision curve analysis (DCA) also shown the satisfactory predictive capacity. Furthermore, the TMB was revealed to be positively correlated with the risk score in HNSCC patients (R = 0.14; P < 0.01). The differences in immune infiltration and immune checkpoint genes were significant (P < 0.05). Pearson analysis showed that the relationship between the model and the sensitivity to antitumor drugs was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings identified potential novel therapeutic targets, providing further potential improvement in the individualized treatment of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, China
| | - Shengyin Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, China
| | - Linlin Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, China
| | - Lifang Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, China
| | - Mengxing You
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, China
| | - Limei He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, China
| | - Weiming Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, China
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Nakai K, Tsuruta D. What Are Reactive Oxygen Species, Free Radicals, and Oxidative Stress in Skin Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910799. [PMID: 34639139 PMCID: PMC8509443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen in the atmosphere is a crucial component for life-sustaining aerobic respiration in humans. Approximately 95% of oxygen is consumed as energy and ultimately becomes water; however, the remaining 5% produces metabolites called activated oxygen or reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are extremely reactive. Skin, the largest organ in the human body, is exposed to air pollutants, including diesel exhaust fumes, ultraviolet rays, food, xenobiotics, drugs, and cosmetics, which promote the production of ROS. ROS exacerbate skin aging and inflammation, but also function as regulators of homeostasis in the human body, including epidermal keratinocyte proliferation. Although ROS have been implicated in various skin diseases, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Current knowledge on ROS-related and oxidative stress-related skin diseases from basic research to clinical treatment strategies are discussed herein. This information may be applied to the future treatment of skin diseases through the individual targeting of the ROS generated in each case via their inhibition, capture, or regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Nakai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6645-3826; Fax: +81-6-6645-3828
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Dong S, Li X, Jiang W, Chen Z, Zhou W. Current understanding of ferroptosis in the progression and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:480. [PMID: 34503532 PMCID: PMC8427874 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumour of the digestive tract. Despite advances in treatment, its 5-year survival rate remains low, and its prognosis is the worst among all cancers; innovative therapeutic methods are needed. Ferroptosis is a form of regulatory cell death driven by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis plays an important role in the development and treatment response of tumours, particularly pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of ferroptosis and ferroptosis-related treatment in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, 730000, China.
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Robertson H, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. NRF2 and the Ambiguous Consequences of Its Activation during Initiation and the Subsequent Stages of Tumourigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3609. [PMID: 33276631 PMCID: PMC7761610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2, encoded in the human by NFE2L2) mediates short-term adaptation to thiol-reactive stressors. In normal cells, activation of NRF2 by a thiol-reactive stressor helps prevent, for a limited period of time, the initiation of cancer by chemical carcinogens through induction of genes encoding drug-metabolising enzymes. However, in many tumour types, NRF2 is permanently upregulated. In such cases, its overexpressed target genes support the promotion and progression of cancer by suppressing oxidative stress, because they constitutively increase the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they support cell proliferation by increasing ribonucleotide synthesis, serine biosynthesis and autophagy. Herein, we describe cancer chemoprevention and the discovery of the essential role played by NRF2 in orchestrating protection against chemical carcinogenesis. We similarly describe the discoveries of somatic mutations in NFE2L2 and the gene encoding the principal NRF2 repressor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) along with that encoding a component of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex Cullin 3 (CUL3), which result in permanent activation of NRF2, and the recognition that such mutations occur frequently in many types of cancer. Notably, mutations in NFE2L2, KEAP1 and CUL3 that cause persistent upregulation of NRF2 often co-exist with mutations that activate KRAS and the PI3K-PKB/Akt pathway, suggesting NRF2 supports growth of tumours in which KRAS or PKB/Akt are hyperactive. Besides somatic mutations, NRF2 activation in human tumours can occur by other means, such as alternative splicing that results in a NRF2 protein which lacks the KEAP1-binding domain or overexpression of other KEAP1-binding partners that compete with NRF2. Lastly, as NRF2 upregulation is associated with resistance to cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, we describe strategies that might be employed to suppress growth and overcome drug resistance in tumours with overactive NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; (H.R.); (A.T.D.-K.)
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; (H.R.); (A.T.D.-K.)
| | - John D. Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; (H.R.); (A.T.D.-K.)
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