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Yang J, Peek-Asa C, Zhang Y, Hamann C, Zhu M, Wang Y, Kaur A, Recker R, Rose D, Roth L. ProjectDRIVE: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to improve driving practices of high-risk teen drivers with a traffic violation. Inj Epidemiol 2024; 11:12. [PMID: 38553746 PMCID: PMC10979602 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teen drivers with a traffic violation are at increased risk for crashes and crash-related injuries; however, most parent-focused interventions target teen drivers with supervised learner's permits. Very few interventions are implemented at the probationary driver's license stage or target high-risk teen drivers, such as those with traffic violations. This paper describes the protocol of ProjectDRIVE, A Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Driving Practices of High-Risk Teen Drivers with a Traffic Violation, which targets improving parent-teen communication about safe driving practices to reduce unsafe driving behaviors and traffic violation recidivism of teen drivers cited for traffic violation. METHODS Teen drivers (ages 16 or 17) cited for a moving violation and the parent/legal guardian most involved with the teen's driving are recruited from juvenile traffic courts following their required court hearing. After completing informed consent/assent, enrolled dyads are randomized into one of three groups using stratified block randomization: control, device feedback only, or device feedback plus parent communication training. Participating dyads are followed for 6 months with 3 months of active intervention. Using in-vehicle device and smartphone application technology, the study provides real-time and cumulative driving feedback to intervention teens and collects continually recorded, objectively measured driving outcome data throughout the teen's study participation. Primary outcomes include rates of risky driving events and unsafe driving behaviors per 1000 miles driven. Secondary outcomes include traffic violation recidivism up to 12 months following study completion and frequency and quality of parent-teen communication about safe driving practices. DISCUSSION Through partnership with the local juvenile traffic courts, this study integrates recruitment and randomization into existing court practices. Successfully completing this study will significantly impact juvenile traffic court's practices and policies by informing judges' decisions regarding the driving safety programs they refer to teens to prevent motor vehicle crashes and crash-related injuries and deaths. Trial registration The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04317664) on March 19, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04317664 and updated on April 27, 2021. This protocol was developed per the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) Checklist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Office of Research Affairs, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Cara Hamann
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Archana Kaur
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Robyn Recker
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
- Center of Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dominique Rose
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Lisa Roth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Peek-Asa C, Reyes ML, Hamann CJ, Butcher BD, Cavanaugh JE. A randomized trial to test the impact of parent communication on improving in-vehicle feedback systems. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 131:63-69. [PMID: 31233996 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of integrating Steering Teens Safe, a parent communication intervention, with feedback from an in-vehicle video recording system. In-vehicle video systems that trigger a recording when the vehicle exceeds a g-force threshold have been used to provide feedback to young drivers. Few of these programs have involved parental engagement. Parent-teen dyads were randomized to three groups and 150 dyads completed the study. All groups received an in-vehicle video system that recorded driving events. The control group received no feedback or intervention. In the first intervention group, teens received real-time feedback, and parent-teen dyads received summary feedback, based on information recorded by the in-vehicle system. The second intervention group received the same feedback, plus parents were taught strategies to improve communication with their teen about safe driving. The primary outcome variable was unsafe driving event rates per 1000 miles driven and the primary independent variable was group assignment. Generalized linear models were used to calculate effect estimates. Compared with the control group, the Event Recorder Feedback group had a rate ratio of 0.35 (95% CI = 0.24 - 0.50) and the combined intervention group (Event Recorder Feedback and parent communication) had a rate ratio of 0.21 (95% CI = 0.15 - 0.30). Furthermore, the combined intervention group had a significantly lower event rate than the Event Recorder Feedback only group (rate ratio = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41 - 0.87). While in-vehicle feedback systems can help reduce unsafe driving events in early independent driving, teaching parents strategies for effective communication with their young driver may further improve impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Peek-Asa
- University of Iowa, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Injury Prevention Research Center, 145 N Riverside Dr, S143 CPHB, Iowa City, IA, 52241, United States.
| | - Michelle L Reyes
- University of Iowa, National Advanced Driving Simulator, 127 NADS, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.
| | - Cara J Hamann
- University of Iowa, Department of Epidemiology, Injury Prevention Research Center, 145 N Riverside Dr, S449 CPHB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.
| | - Brandon D Butcher
- University of Iowa, Department of Biostatistics, Injury Prevention Research Center, 145 N Riverside Dr, N365 CPHB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.
| | - Joseph E Cavanaugh
- University of Iowa, Department of Biostatistics, Injury Prevention Research Center, 145 N Riverside Dr, N312 CPHB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.
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Hokke S, Hackworth NJ, Quin N, Bennetts SK, Win HY, Nicholson JM, Zion L, Lucke J, Keyzer P, Crawford SB. Ethical issues in using the internet to engage participants in family and child research: A scoping review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204572. [PMID: 30261041 PMCID: PMC6160098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The internet is an increasingly popular tool in family and child research that is argued to pose new ethical challenges, yet few studies have systematically assessed the ethical issues of engaging parents and children in research online. This scoping review aims to identify and integrate evidence on the ethical issues reported when recruiting, retaining and tracing families and children in research online, and to identify ethical guidelines for internet research. METHODS Academic literature was searched using electronic academic databases (Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, ERIC, CINAHL and Informit) and handsearching reference lists for articles published in English between January 2006 and February 2016. Grey literature was searched using Google to identify relevant ethical guidelines. RESULTS Sixty-five academic articles were included after screening 3,537 titles and abstracts and 205 full-text articles. Most articles reported using the internet to recruit participants (88%) with few reporting online retention (12%) or tracing (10%). Forty percent commented on ethical issues; the majority did not discuss ethics beyond general consent or approval procedures. Some ethical concerns were specific to engaging minors online, including parental consent, age verification and children's vulnerability. Other concerns applied when engaging any research participant online, including privacy and confidentiality, informed consent and disparities in internet access. Five professional guidelines and 10 university guidelines on internet research ethics were identified. Few academic articles (5%) reported using these guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Engaging families and children in research online introduces unique challenges requiring careful consideration. While researchers regarded themselves as responsible for ensuring research is conducted ethically, lack of use of available guidelines and limited academic literature suggests internet research is occurring without suitable guidance. We recommend broad dissemination of ethical guidelines and encourage researchers to report the methodological and ethical issues of using the internet to engage families and children in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Hokke
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naomi J. Hackworth
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Parenting Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nina Quin
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shannon K. Bennetts
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hnin Yee Win
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan M. Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lawrie Zion
- Department of Communications and Media, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jayne Lucke
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick Keyzer
- La Trobe Law School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kervick AA, Hogan MJ, O'Hora D, Sarma KM. Testing a structural model of young driver willingness to uptake Smartphone Driver Support Systems. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 83:171-181. [PMID: 26277411 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the potential value of using phone applications that can monitor driver behaviour (Smartphone Driver Support Systems, 'SDSSs') in mitigating risky driving by young people. However, their value in this regard will only be realised if young people are willing to use this technology. This paper reports the findings of a study in which a novel structural model of willingness to use SDSSs was tested. Grounded in the driver monitoring and Technology Acceptance (TA) research literature, the model incorporates the perceived risks and gains associated with potential SDSS usage and additional social cognitive factors, including perceived usability and social influences. A total of 333 smartphone users, aged 18-24, with full Irish driving licenses completed an online questionnaire examining willingness or Behavioural Intention (BI) to uptake a SDSS. Following exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, structural equation modelling indicated that perceived gains and social influence factors had significant direct effects on BI. Perceived risks and social influence also had significant indirect effects on BI, as mediated by perceived gains. Overall, this model accounted for 72.5% of the variance in willingness to uptake SDSSs. Multi-group structural models highlighted invariance of effects across gender, high and low risk drivers, and those likely or unlikely to adopt novel phone app technologies. These findings have implications for our understanding of the willingness of young drivers to adopt and use SDSSs, and highlight potential factors that could be targeted in behavioural change interventions seeking to improve usage rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife A Kervick
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Michael J Hogan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Denis O'Hora
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kiran M Sarma
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Curry AE, Peek-Asa C, Hamann CJ, Mirman JH. Effectiveness of Parent-Focused Interventions to Increase Teen Driver Safety: A Critical Review. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:S6-14. [PMID: 26112737 PMCID: PMC4483193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We critically reviewed recent parent-directed teen driving interventions to summarize their success in meeting stated goals; identify promising intervention components and knowledge gaps; aid in the selection, adaptation, and dissemination of effective interventions; and guide future research efforts. METHODS We focused on interventions that included a direct parent component, explicitly stated outcomes related to the teen and/or their parents, were evaluated for parent or teen outcomes, targeted drivers younger than the age of 21 years, and had at least one evaluation study published since 1990 and in English. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of 26 online databases between November 2013 and January 2014 and identified 34 articles representing 18 interventions. RESULTS Several interventions-in particular, those that had an active engagement component, incorporated an in-vehicle data recorder system, and had a strong conceptual approach-show promise in improving parental supervisory behaviors during the learner and early independent phases, increasing teen driver skill acquisition, and reducing teens' risky driving behaviors. CONCLUSIONS We identify essential characteristics of effective parent-involved teen driving interventions and their evaluation studies, propose a comprehensive and multitiered approach to intervention, and discuss several research areas and overarching issues for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Curry
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at theUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Cara J. Hamann
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jessica H. Mirman
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Bates LJ, Allen S, Armstrong K, Watson B, King MJ, Davey J. Graduated Driver Licensing: An international review. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2014; 14:e432-e441. [PMID: 25364543 PMCID: PMC4205052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graduated driver licensing (GDL) aims to gradually increase the exposure of new drivers to more complex driving situations and typically consists of learner, provisional and open licence phases. The first phase, the learner licence, is designed to allow novice drivers to obtain practical driving experience in lower risk situations. The learner licence can delay licensure, encourage novice drivers to learn under supervision, mandate the number of hours of practice required to progress to the next phase and encourage parental involvement. The second phase, the provisional licence, establishes various driving restrictions and thereby reduces exposure to situations of higher risk, such as driving at night, with passengers or after drinking alcohol. Parental involvement with a GDL system appears essential in helping novices obtain sufficient practice and in enforcing compliance with restrictions once the new driver obtains a provisional licence. Given the significant number of young drivers involved in crashes within Oman, GDL is one countermeasure that may be beneficial in reducing crash risk and involvement for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndel J. Bates
- School of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety, School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siobhan Allen
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety, School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerry Armstrong
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety, School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barry Watson
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety, School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J. King
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety, School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy Davey
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety, School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Johnston BD, Ebel BE. Child injury control: trends, themes, and controversies. Acad Pediatr 2013; 13:499-507. [PMID: 24021529 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among US children, and an important driver of health status globally. Despite its enormous burden, injury is preventable. Over the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in the reduction of unintentional injury among US children. However, aggregate trends mask important disparities by age group, region, and injury mechanism. Basic and translation research is needed to develop and test prevention strategies to address these new or recalcitrant problems. Motor vehicle occupant injury has fallen to historic lows, but challenges remain in protecting novice drivers and managing the distraction of new technologies. Injury to pedestrians has also declined, but likely as a result of decreased exposure as fewer children walk. This calls for a broader public health perspective to promote activity while enhancing safety. Deaths due to drowning are common and illustrate the difficulty in measuring and promoting appropriate supervision. Environmental modification and use of protective products may be a more appropriate response. Concussion in sport is another challenging issue: public health laws promote identification and appropriate management of concussed athletes, but less progress has been made on primary prevention of these injuries. Unintentional poisoning is on the rise, attributable to misuse of, and overdose with, prescription opioids. Injury deaths to infants are also increasing. This trend is driven in part by better death investigation that classifies more sleep-related deaths as suffocation events. Finally, we examine a sample of cross-cutting themes and controversies in injury control that might be amenable to empiric evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
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Olsen EO, Shults RA, Eaton DK. Texting while driving and other risky motor vehicle behaviors among US high school students. Pediatrics 2013; 131:e1708-15. [PMID: 23669511 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of texting/e-mailing while driving (TWD) and association of TWD with other risky motor vehicle (MV) behaviors among US high school students. METHODS Data were used from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which assessed TWD during the 30 days before the survey among 8505 students aged ≥16 years from a nationally representative sample of US high school students. TWD frequency was coded into dichotomous and polychotomous variables. Logistic regression assessed the relationship between TWD and other risky driving behaviors, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and sex. RESULTS The prevalence of TWD on ≥1 days during the 30 days before the survey was 44.5% (95% confidence interval: 40.8%-48.2%). Students who engaged in TWD were more likely than their non-TWD counterparts to not always wear their seatbelt (prevalence ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.16; 1.07-1.26), ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol (1.74; 1.57-1.93), and drink alcohol and drive (5.33; 4.32-6.59). These other risky MV behaviors were most likely to occur among students who frequently engaged in TWD. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of US high school students aged ≥16 years report TWD during the past 30 days; these students are more likely to engage in additional risky MV behaviors. This suggests there is a subgroup of students who may place themselves, their passengers, and others on the road at elevated risk for a crash-related injury or fatality by engaging in multiple risky MV behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily O'Malley Olsen
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Horrey WJ, Lesch MF, Dainoff MJ, Robertson MM, Noy YI. On-board safety monitoring systems for driving: review, knowledge gaps, and framework. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2012; 43:49-58. [PMID: 22385740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatal highway incidents remain the leading type of fatal work-related event, carrying tremendous personal, social, and economic costs. While employers with a fixed worksite can observe and interact directly with workers in an effort to promote safety and reduce risk, employers with workers who operate a motor vehicle as part of their job have fewer options. New technologies such as on-board safety monitoring systems offer the potential to further improve safety. These technologies allow vehicle owners to collect safety-specific information related to a driver's on-the-road behavior and performance. While many such devices are being developed and implemented in both commercial fleets and private vehicles, the scientific examination of these devices has lagged by comparison. METHOD In the current paper, we: (a) describe the general features and functionality of current generations of on-board monitoring devices and how they might impact various driver behaviors; (b) review the current state of scientific knowledge specific to on-board devices; (c) discuss knowledge gaps and potential areas for future research, borrowing from the related domain of computer-based electronic performance monitoring (EPM); and (d) propose a framework that can be used to explore some of the human-system interactions pertaining to monitoring systems. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY Motor vehicle crashes can carry tremendous costs for employers, in terms of injury, disability, and loss of potentially productive work years. New technologies can offer tremendous benefits in terms of promoting safer on-the-road behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Horrey
- Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
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