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Lin L, Hou G, Han D, Yin Y, Kang J, Wang Q. Ursolic acid alleviates airway-vessel remodeling and muscle consumption in cigarette smoke-induced emphysema rats. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:103. [PMID: 31170951 PMCID: PMC6555740 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on airway-vessel remodeling and muscle atrophy in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema rats and investigated potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS Emphysema was induced in a rat model with 3 months of CS exposure. Histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains were used to assess airway-vessel remodeling and muscle atrophy-associated changes. Levels of cleaved-caspase3, 8-OHdG, and S100A4 were measured in airways and associated vessels to evaluate cell apoptosis, oxidant stress, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)-associated factors. Western blot and/or IHC analyses were performed to measure transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)/Smad2.3, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) expression. We also gave cultured HBE and HUVEC cells Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) administration and UA intervention. Using Western blot method to measure TGF-β1/Smad2.3, α-SMA, S100A4, and IGF1 molecules expression. RESULTS UA decreased oxidant stress and cell apoptosis in airway and accompanying vascular walls of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema model rats. UA alleviated EMT, EndMT, changes associated with airway-vessel remodeling and muscle atrophy. The UA effects were associated with IGF1 and TGF-β1/Smad2.3 pathways. CONCLUSIONS UA reduced EMT, EndMT, airway-vessel remodeling, and musculi soleus atrophy in CS-induced emphysema model rats at least partly through IGF1 and TGF-β1/Smad2.3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Gang Hou
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Dan Han
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Yan Yin
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Jian Kang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001 China
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Di Stefano A, Sangiorgi C, Gnemmi I, Casolari P, Brun P, Ricciardolo FLM, Contoli M, Papi A, Maniscalco P, Ruggeri P, Girbino G, Cappello F, Pavlides S, Guo Y, Chung KF, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM, Balbi B, Caramori G. TGF-β Signaling Pathways in Different Compartments of the Lower Airways of Patients With Stable COPD. Chest 2017; 153:851-862. [PMID: 29289685 PMCID: PMC5883327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression and localization of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway proteins in different compartments of the lower airways of patients with stable COPD is unclear. We aimed to determine TGF-β pathway protein expression in patients with stable COPD. METHODS The expression and localization of TGF-β pathway components was measured in the bronchial mucosa and peripheral lungs of patients with stable COPD (n = 44), control smokers with normal lung function (n = 24), and control nonsmoking subjects (n = 11) using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS TGF-β1, TGF-β3, and connective tissue growth factor expression were significantly decreased in the bronchiolar epithelium, with TGF-β1 also decreased in alveolar macrophages, in patients with stable COPD compared with control smokers with normal lung function. TGF-β3 expression was increased in the bronchial lamina propria of both control smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild/moderate stable COPD compared with control nonsmokers and correlated significantly with pack-years of smoking. However, TGF-β3+ cells decreased in patients with severe/very severe COPD compared with control smokers. Latent TGF-β binding protein 1 expression was increased in the bronchial lamina propria in subjects with stable COPD of all severities compared with control smokers with normal lung function. Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor expression (BAMBI) in the bronchial mucosa was significantly increased in patients with stable COPD of all severities compared with control subjects. No other significant differences were observed between groups for all the other molecules studied in the bronchial mucosa and peripheral lung. CONCLUSIONS Expression of TGF-βs and their regulatory proteins is distinct within different lower airway compartments in stable COPD. Selective reduction in TGF-β1 and enhanced BAMBI expression may be associated with the increase in autoimmunity in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy.
| | - Claudia Sangiorgi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, AOU, Ospedale San Luigi, Orbassano, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Contoli
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pio Maniscalco
- Modulo di Chirurgia Toracica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Girbino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Università di Palermo, and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Stelios Pavlides
- Department of Computing and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, England
| | - Yike Guo
- Department of Computing and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, England
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, England
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, England
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, England; Priority Research Centre for Lung Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Verhamme FM, Bracke KR, Joos GF, Brusselle GG. Transforming growth factor-β superfamily in obstructive lung diseases. more suspects than TGF-β alone. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:653-62. [PMID: 25396302 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0282rt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are respiratory disorders and a major global health problem with increasing incidence and severity. Genes originally associated with lung development could be relevant in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, owing to either an early-life origin of adult complex diseases or their dysregulation in adulthood upon exposure to environmental stressors (e.g., smoking). The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily is conserved through evolution and is involved in a range of biological processes, both during development and in adult tissue homeostasis. TGF-β1 has emerged as an important regulator of lung and immune system development. However, considerable evidence has been presented for a role of many of the other ligands of the TGF-β superfamily in lung pathology, including activins, bone morphogenetic proteins, and growth differentiation factors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which activin, bone morphogenetic protein, and growth differentiation factor signaling contribute to the pathogenesis of obstructive airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien M Verhamme
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Campbell JD, McDonough JE, Zeskind JE, Hackett TL, Pechkovsky DV, Brandsma CA, Suzuki M, Gosselink JV, Liu G, Alekseyev YO, Xiao J, Zhang X, Hayashi S, Cooper JD, Timens W, Postma DS, Knight DA, Lenburg ME, Hogg JC, Spira A. A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK. Genome Med 2012; 4:67. [PMID: 22937864 PMCID: PMC4064320 DOI: 10.1186/gm367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease consisting of emphysema, small airway obstruction, and/or chronic bronchitis that results in significant loss of lung function over time. Methods In order to gain insights into the molecular pathways underlying progression of emphysema and explore computational strategies for identifying COPD therapeutics, we profiled gene expression in lung tissue samples obtained from regions within the same lung with varying amounts of emphysematous destruction from smokers with COPD (8 regions × 8 lungs = 64 samples). Regional emphysema severity was quantified in each tissue sample using the mean linear intercept (Lm) between alveolar walls from micro-CT scans. Results We identified 127 genes whose expression levels were significantly associated with regional emphysema severity while controlling for gene expression differences between individuals. Genes increasing in expression with increasing emphysematous destruction included those involved in inflammation, such as the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, while genes decreasing in expression were enriched in tissue repair processes, including the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway, actin organization, and integrin signaling. We found concordant differential expression of these emphysema severity-associated genes in four cross-sectional studies of COPD. Using the Connectivity Map, we identified GHK as a compound that can reverse the gene-expression signature associated with emphysematous destruction and induce expression patterns consistent with TGFβ pathway activation. Treatment of human fibroblasts with GHK recapitulated TGFβ-induced gene-expression patterns, led to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and elevated the expression of integrin β1. Furthermore, addition of GHK or TGFβ restored collagen I contraction and remodeling by fibroblasts derived from COPD lungs compared to fibroblasts from former smokers without COPD. Conclusions These results demonstrate that gene-expression changes associated with regional emphysema severity within an individual's lung can provide insights into emphysema pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic opportunities for this deadly disease. They also suggest the need for additional studies to examine the mechanisms by which TGFβ and GHK each reverse the gene-expression signature of emphysematous destruction and the effects of this reversal on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Campbell
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John E McDonough
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Julie E Zeskind
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Dmitri V Pechkovsky
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Masaru Suzuki
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - John V Gosselink
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yuriy O Alekseyev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ji Xiao
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shizu Hayashi
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Joel D Cooper
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Thoracic Surgery, 3400 Spruce Street 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Darryl A Knight
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - James C Hogg
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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