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Banerjee S, Goswami K. Whether occupational injuries of the industrial workers can be prevented: an analysis from the slums of West Bengal-India? Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:48-60. [PMID: 37740694 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2023.2258511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
A lack of research exists concerning the heterogeneity of the occupational injuries of slum dwellers across industries which has a close link with health expenditure and hence livelihood. It necessitates analysing their occupational injuries and associated out-of-pocket health expenditures. Multi-stage random sampling is used to collect the primary data and the logit model is used for data analyses. Permanent non-fatal injuries in the civil-mechanical industries and temporary non-fatal injuries in textile industries are common. The share of health expenditure of the injured workers seeking medical consultations remains 59% of their average monthly income. Average monthly income, parental occupation, types of industry, job security, risk intensity, and salary basis are significant estimates of occupational injuries. The differences in the nature and extent of the occupational injuries of the workers across industries in the light of the socio-demographic and working environment context provide significant insight into the policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwati Banerjee
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Shibpur, India
| | - Kishor Goswami
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Gherscovici ED, Mayer JM. Impact of Indoor Air Quality and Breathing on Back and Neck Pain: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43945. [PMID: 37638265 PMCID: PMC10447999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Back pain and neck pain are important public health concerns and are among the most common and disabling conditions globally. However, the relationships among indoor air quality (IAQ), breathing parameters (pulmonary function, respiratory disorders), and back pain and neck pain have not been adequately assessed. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature about the impact of IAQ and breathing parameters on back pain and neck pain (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022380515). CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDRo, and PubMed databases were searched through January 19, 2023. Inclusion criteria for study eligibility were observational studies (except case reports) or randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language, human research, original research, examined the relationships between IAQ, or breathing parameters with back pain or neck pain. Review procedures were conducted and reported according to PRISMA recommendations. Empirical evidence statements were developed for observational studies, and grades of evidence statements were developed for RCTs. Sixty-seven eligible studies were found (54 observational studies and 13 RCTs) that enrolled 345,832 participants. None of the studies assessed the combined impact of IAQ and breathing parameters on back pain or neck pain. No level 1 studies were found, which precludes making strong statements about causality and strong recommendations about the efficacy of IAQ and breathing exercise interventions for reducing pain and disability related to back pain and neck pain. Evidence indicates that poor IAQ and respiratory disorders are related to an increased risk of back pain and neck pain. Conflicting evidence exists about the association between pulmonary function with back pain and neck pain. Evidence for breathing exercise interventions was mixed with numerous limitations. This review provides preliminary evidence on the relationships of IAQ and breathing parameters with back pain and neck pain, which can be used to guide future research and clinical implementation efforts. Assuming positive findings in subsequent research, a wide range of stakeholders involved with this complex human-building-environment interface can be equipped to address IAQ and breathing parameters, along with other established risk factors to help those suffering from back pain and neck pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John M Mayer
- Research & Development, Healthy Buildings LLC, Malibu, USA
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Shetty GM, Jain S, Thakur H, Khanna K. Prevalence of low back pain in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work 2022; 73:429-452. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although many studies have investigated the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among Indian subjects, no meta-analysis has been conducted to determine the comprehensive epidemiological point, annual, lifetime prevalence of LBP among Indian subjects. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the point, annual, and lifetime prevalence of LBP in the Indian population. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies that reported point, annual, or lifetime prevalence of LBP among Indian subjects,. Pooled point, annual and lifetime prevalence rates were calculated. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment were performed. RESULTS: Ninety-seven studies were included in this review. Fifty-four studies included in the review (55.5%) were found to be of higher methodological quality. The pooled point, annual, and lifetime prevalence of LBP in India was 48% (95% CI 40–56%); 51% (95% CI 45–58%), and 66% (95% CI 56–75%), respectively. The pooled prevalence rates were highest among females, the rural population, and among elementary workers. CONCLUSION: The point, annual, and lifetime prevalence rates of LBP in the Indian population is higher compared to global and other ethnic populations affecting a large proportion of the population, especially among women, rural population and in elementary workers. The findings of this study can be the basis for formulating policy regarding the prevention and treatment of LBP in a large part of the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam M. Shetty
- Knee and Orthopaedic Clinic, Mumbai, India
- QI Spine Clinic, New Delhi, India
- AIMD Research, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Harshad Thakur
- National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
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Omor A, Elkarrach K, Ouafi R, Laidi O, Merzouki M, El Rhazi K, Rais Z. Prevalence of ORL and dermatitis diseases among tanners in Fez-Morocco: Association with risk factors and working sections. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Kashyap GC, Singh SK, Chauhan BG. Prevalence and Risk Factor of Occupational Skin Complaints among Male Tannery Workers of Kanpur, India. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:347-351. [PMID: 34759391 PMCID: PMC8530047 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_20_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational skin illnesses are the second most common occupational health hazard following musculoskeletal disorders. Tannery workers have frequent and prolonged exposure to skin irritants and allergens and may have a higher risk of developing occupational dermatitis. Aims and Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the extent of skin problems and their determinants among male tannery workers. Materials and Methods The data for the present research was drawn from a cross-sectional household study of tannery and nontannery workers in the Jajmau area of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 284 tannery and 289 nontannery workers were interviewed using purposive sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and multivariate techniques have been used. Results Tannery workers experienced itching hands or fingers with fissures (21%), scaling of hands or fingers with fissures (18%), red and swollen hands or fingers (11%), and vesicles on the hands or between the fingers (11%). The workers who had moderate/high dermal exposure to chemicals were 35(P < 0.001), and they were 31 (P < 0.001) times more likely to experience vesicles on scaling hands or fingers with fissures, and itching hands or fingers with fissures. The tannery workers engaged in wet finishing work were significantly 3.9 (P < 0.1) times more likely to experienced scaling on hands or fingers with fissures. Conclusion The study acclaims the mechanization of tannery activities at workplaces, so that risk of skin complaints can be minimized among tannery workers. As the risk of skin complaints is very high with the dermal exposure to chemicals, personal protective equipment must be provided and their use should be included in the curriculum of the ternary workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Chandra Kashyap
- Department of Health and Hospital Management, Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR, Bangalore), Near Thimma Reddy Layout, Hulimangala, Electronic City, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shri Kant Singh
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bal Govind Chauhan
- Population Research Centre (PRC) Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics BMCC Rd, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Hanafi NS, Agarwal D, Chippagiri S, Brakema EA, Pinnock H, Sheikh A, Liew SM, Ng CW, Isaac R, Chinna K, Wong LP, Hussein N, Abu Bakar AI, Pang YK, Juvekar S, Khoo EM. Chronic respiratory disease surveys in adults in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic scoping review of methodological approaches and outcomes. J Glob Health 2021; 11:04026. [PMID: 34221357 PMCID: PMC8248510 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) contribute significantly towards the global burden of disease, but the true prevalence and burden of these conditions in adults is unknown in the majority of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to identify strategies - in particular the definitions, study designs, sampling frames, instruments, and outcomes - used to conduct prevalence surveys for CRDs in LMICs. The findings will inform a future RESPIRE Four Country ChrOnic Respiratory Disease (4CCORD) study, which will estimate CRD prevalence, including disease burden, in adults in LMICs. Methods We conducted a scoping review to map prevalence surveys conducted in LMICs published between 1995 and 2018. We followed Arksey and O'Malley's six-step framework. The search was conducted in OVID Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Global Health, WHO Global Index Medicus and included three domains: CRDs, prevalence and LMICs. After an initial title sift, eight trained reviewers undertook duplicate study selection and data extraction. We charted: country and populations, random sampling strategies, CRD definitions/phenotypes, survey procedure (questionnaires, spirometry, tests), outcomes and assessment of individual, societal and health service burden of disease. Results Of 36 872 citations, 281 articles were included: 132 from Asia (41 from China). Study designs were cross-sectional surveys (n = 260), cohort studies (n = 11) and secondary data analysis (n = 10). The number of respondents in these studies ranged from 50 to 512 891. Asthma was studied in 144 studies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 112. Most studies (100/144) based identification of asthma on symptom-based questionnaires. In contrast, COPD diagnosis was typically based on spirometry findings (94/112); 65 used fixed-ratio thresholds, 29 reported fixed-ratio and lower-limit-of-normal values. Only five articles used the term 'phenotype'. Most studies used questionnaires derived from validated surveys, most commonly the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (n = 47). The burden/impact of CRD was reported in 33 articles (most commonly activity limitation). Conclusion Surveys remain the most practical approach for estimating prevalence of CRD but there is a need to identify the most predictive questions for diagnosing asthma and to standardise diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Sherina Hanafi
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Evelyn A Brakema
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hilary Pinnock
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Su-May Liew
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiu-Wan Ng
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rita Isaac
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Li Ping Wong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norita Hussein
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Ihsan Abu Bakar
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Pusrawi Hospital Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Kek Pang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ee Ming Khoo
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chandra Kashyap G, Sharma SK, Singh SK. Prevalence and predictors of asthma, tuberculosis and chronic bronchitis among male tannery workers: A study of Kanpur City, India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rabbani G, Billah B, Giri A, Hossain SM, Mahmud AII, Banu B, Ara U, Alif SM. Factors Associated With Health Complaints Among Leather Tannery Workers in Bangladesh. Workplace Health Saf 2020; 69:22-31. [PMID: 32689923 DOI: 10.1177/2165079920936222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Few studies have reported associations between occupational exposure to tannery chemicals with breathing difficulty and skin diseases and none have been conducted in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of health complaints with types of work and length of employment among tannery workers in Bangladesh, where occupational health and safety regulations are less restricted compared with the developed world. Methods: One hundred sixty-seven (n = 167) workers from 10 tanneries were interviewed using a questionnaire adapted from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) and the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) to collect information on occupational exposures and health outcomes. Workers' length of employment was examined, as well as their areas of work including beamhouse, wet finishing, dry finishing, and miscellaneous. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to investigate potential associations while controlling for confounders. Results: Length of employment was positively associated with breathing difficulty (odds ratio [OR]: 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.07-1.64). Workers involved in the wet finishing (OR: 11.75, 95% CI: 2.12-65.10) and dry finishing (OR: 13.38, 95% CI: 1.00-181.70) had higher odds of breathing difficulty; while, working in the beamhouse was associated with an increased risk of developing skin diseases (OR: 4.36, 95% CI: 1.10-17.32). Conclusion/Application to Practice: Length of employment and types of work were associated with increased risk of health complaints, including breathing difficulty and skin disease among tannery workers. Stronger regulations with regular enforcement, regular health surveillance, and worker and employer education are necessary for reducing these exposures and improving the health outcomes of the tannery workers.
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Harper B, Steinbeck L, Aron A. Fascial manipulation vs. standard physical therapy practice for low back pain diagnoses: A pragmatic study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 23:115-121. [PMID: 30691738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connective tissue mobility alters motor unit recruitment, but the restoration of fascial mobility allows for optimal motor function. The Fascial Manipulation® (FM®) method is a multiplanar approach that assesses and treats the mobility of deep fascia in specific anatomical locations where motor units converge. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of FM® vs. standard physical therapy treatment (SPT) in patients with low back pain (LBP). DESIGN Six-months controlled clinical trial. METHOD 102 participants with LBP received SPT or FM®. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), 15- point Global Rating of Change (GROC), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to monitor progress. RESULTS The FM® group had a significantly lower ODI (p < 0.009) and NPS scores (p < 0.0001) and significantly higher GROC scores (p < 0.003) once their means were adjusted for initial scores. When comparing the SPT to FM®, the final ODI decreased by at least 1 category in 48.9% of the SPT cases, while in 36.2% of the cases was no change. ODI minimal clinical importance difference (MCID) change of 10% decrease in scores occurred in 70.2% of the SPT group compared to 96% of the FM® group (p = 0.003). ODI MCID change of 50% decrease in scores occurred in 40% of the SPT group compared to 64.6% of the FM® group (p = 0.02) 44.7% of the participants in the SPT group had final GROC values above +5 at discharge, compared to 92% of the participants from the FM® group (p = 0.0001). The FM® subjects had almost three times the change in NPRS compared to SPT counterparts (-4.3 ± 2.2 to -1.5 ± 2.4, p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS FM® appears to improve NPRS, GROC, and ODI more than SPT. FM® may provide an effective treatment technique for LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Harper
- Radford University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, College of Health and Human Services, USA.
| | - Larry Steinbeck
- Radford University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, College of Health and Human Services, USA
| | - Adrian Aron
- Radford University, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, College of Health and Human Services, USA
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Sarwar F, Malik RN, Chow CW, Alam K. Occupational exposure and consequent health impairments due to potential incidental nanoparticles in leather tanneries: An evidential appraisal of south Asian developing countries. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:164-174. [PMID: 29753147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidental nanoparticles' (INPs) emission at work and the consequent health impairments is a burning issue of occupational toxicology. The present study is a thorough review of available literature marking an assortment of indicators on INPs generation at leather tanneries and measurable occupational ailments. The literature reported evidences unleash a similarity between the mechanisms of leather tannery induced health damages and toxico-kinetics of incidental nanoparticles in human body. The data on physico-chemical characterization of leather tannery surface dust presents presence of stressors like heavy metals, microbes, animal fur and fibers along with organic and inorganic chemicals. Bearing same characteristics, the mechanism of INPs' induced toxicity (inflammation, increased reactive oxygen species and permeability of blood brain barrier), major target organs (lung, heart, brain, skin and liver) and health damages (cancer, DNA damage, blood coagulation, cardiac arrest, platelet alteration) are quite similar to those found among tannery workers. This review also presents the identification of the different types of potential INPs production and process sources in leather tanneries. There is no data found on Particulate size variation and consequent disparity of these characterizations has been established. However, the reported literature furnishes evidences which support the premise that there is a dire need of size based incidental particulates investigation with a special emphasis on nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Sarwar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Khan Alam
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
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Sanjoy SS, Ahsan GU, Nabi H, Joy ZF, Hossain A. Occupational factors and low back pain: a cross-sectional study of Bangladeshi female nurses. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:173. [PMID: 28454550 PMCID: PMC5410056 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The suffering from low back pain (LBP) is very common among nurses. The high prevalence rates of LBP are observed in many countries. Many back injuries are due to individual and work-related factors. Our aim is to investigate whether there is an association of occupational factors with LBP among the female nurses who are currently working in tertiary hospitals of Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 229 female nurses from two selected tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using a standard structured questionnaire on four different measures of LBP along with questions on socio-demographic, occupational factors, physical and psychological factors. Results Prevalence rates of LBP that lasted for at least 1 day, chronic LBP, intense pain and sought medical care because of LBP during the last 12 months were 72.9, 31.8, 24.4 and 36.2%, respectively. The multiple logistic regression analyses indicates that insufficient supporting staffs, overtime working hours and manual lifting in a working environment are associated with LBP. Besides, age and parity are found positively associated with chronic LBP. Conclusion The prevalence of LBP among nurses in Bangladesh is high and should be actively addressed. Certain occupational factors play a key role in developing LBP among nurses. Nurses to patients ratio should be taken into consideration to reduce the occurrence of LBP among nurses employed in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubrandu S Sanjoy
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Gias U Ahsan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hayatun Nabi
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ziaul F Joy
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
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Reliability, Validity, and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Turkish Version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:E1292-E1297. [PMID: 27046639 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Validation of a self-report questionnaire. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Low back pain is one of the most frequent disorders leading to activity limitation. This pain affects most of people in their lives. The most important point to evaluate patient's functional abilities and to decide a successful therapy procedure is to manage the assessment questionnaires precisely. METHODS One hundred ten patients with chronic low back pain were included in present study. To assess reliability, test-retest and internal consistency analyses were applied. The results of test-retest analysis were assessed by using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient method (95% confidence interval). For internal consistency, Cronbach alpha value was calculated. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed in terms of construct validity. For construct validity, factor analysis and convergent validity were tested. For convergent validity, total points of the Bournemouth Questionnaire were assessed with the total points of Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire by using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. RESULTS Cronbach alpha value was found 0.914, showing that this questionnaire has high internal consistency. The results of test-retest analysis were varying between 0.851 and 0.927, which shows that test-retest results are highly correlated. Factor analysis test indicated that this questionnaire had one factor. Pearson correlation coefficient of the Bournemouth Questionnaire with Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire was calculated 0.703 and it was found with Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale is 0.659. These results showed that the Bournemouth Questionnaire is very good correlated with Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. CONCLUSION The Turkish version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire is valid and reliable. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Load Handling and Repetitive Movements Are Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain among Jute Mill Workers in India. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2016; 2016:7843216. [PMID: 27563463 PMCID: PMC4985573 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7843216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. WHO recognizes low back pain as one of the most important ergonomic stressors. Therefore, the present study was designed to find out the magnitude of the problem among jute mill workers in India and identify possible associations. Methodology. This cross-sectional workplace based study was conducted among eight (8) selected jute mills of India. Subjects with self-reported back pain for at least last 12 weeks were included and n = 717 male jute mill workers actively engaged in work entered the study and completed all assessments. Results. Among all participants 55% (n = 392) had current chronic low back pain. Age was an important association with subjects in the age group of 40–59 years more likely to have pain (p = 0.02, OR 1.44). Regarding ergonomic risk factors lifting of load of more than 20 kg (p = 0.04, OR 1.42) and repetitive movements of limbs (p = 0.03, OR 0.67) were significant associations of chronic low back pain. Conclusion. This study identified a significant prevalence of current chronic low back pain among jute mill workers. Regarding ergonomic risk factors the present study has identified two significant associations: lifting of load above 20 kg and repetitive movements of limbs. Therefore, this study has identified need for workplace interventions in this occupational group employing approximately 3,50,000 workers in India.
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Is There an Economic Case for Training Intervention in the Manual Material Handling Sector of Developing Countries? J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:207-14. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Buchbinder R, Blyth FM, March LM, Brooks P, Woolf AD, Hoy DG. Placing the global burden of low back pain in context. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 27:575-89. [PMID: 24315140 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The latest Global Burden of Disease Study, published at the end of 2012, has highlighted the enormous global burden of low back pain. In contrast to the previous study, when it was ranked 105 out of 136 conditions, low back pain is now the leading cause of disability globally, ahead of 290 other conditions. It was estimated to be responsible for 58.2 million years lived with disability in 1990, increasing to 83 million in 2010. This chapter illustrates the ways that the Global Burden of Disease data can be displayed using the data visualisation tools specifically designed for this purpose. It also considers how best to increase the precision of future global burden of low back pain estimates by identifying limitations in the available data and priorities for further research. Finally, it discusses what should be done at a policy level to militate against the rising burden of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Buchbinder
- Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Hospital, Suite 41, 183 Wattletree Rd, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia.
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Liu HY, Bartonova A, Schindler M, Sharma M, Behera SN, Katiyar K, Dikshit O. Respiratory disease in relation to outdoor air pollution in Kanpur, India. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2013. [PMID: 23697693 PMCID: PMC3678152 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2012.701246#.viq3m7rh1e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the effect of outdoor air pollution on respiratory disease in Kanpur, India, based on data from 2006. Exposure to air pollution is represented by annual emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) from 11 source categories, established as a geographic information system (GIS)-based emission inventory in 2 km × 2 km grid. Respiratory disease is represented by number of patients who visited specialist pulmonary hospital with symptoms of respiratory disease. The results showed that (1) the main sources of air pollution are industries, domestic fuel burning, and vehicles; (2) the emissions of PM per grid are strongly correlated to the emissions of SO(2) and NO(x); and (3) there is a strong correlation between visits to a hospital due to respiratory disease and emission strength in the area of residence. These results clearly indicate that appropriate health and environmental monitoring, actions to reduce emissions to air, and further studies that would allow assessing the development in health status are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Liu
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | - Alena Bartonova
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
- For comments and further information, address correspondence to Alena Bartonova, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Instituttveien 18, Postboks 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway. E-mail:
| | - Martin Schindler
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Mukesh Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineer, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sailesh N. Behera
- Department of Civil Engineer, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Katiyar
- Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial (GSVM) Medical College, Swaroop Nagar, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Onkar Dikshit
- Department of Civil Engineer, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Liu HY, Bartonova A, Schindler M, Sharma M, Behera SN, Katiyar K, Dikshit O. Respiratory disease in relation to outdoor air pollution in Kanpur, India. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2013; 68:204-17. [PMID: 23697693 PMCID: PMC3678152 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2012.701246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the effect of outdoor air pollution on respiratory disease in Kanpur, India, based on data from 2006. Exposure to air pollution is represented by annual emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) from 11 source categories, established as a geographic information system (GIS)-based emission inventory in 2 km × 2 km grid. Respiratory disease is represented by number of patients who visited specialist pulmonary hospital with symptoms of respiratory disease. The results showed that (1) the main sources of air pollution are industries, domestic fuel burning, and vehicles; (2) the emissions of PM per grid are strongly correlated to the emissions of SO(2) and NO(x); and (3) there is a strong correlation between visits to a hospital due to respiratory disease and emission strength in the area of residence. These results clearly indicate that appropriate health and environmental monitoring, actions to reduce emissions to air, and further studies that would allow assessing the development in health status are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Liu
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | - Alena Bartonova
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
- For comments and further information, address correspondence to Alena Bartonova, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Instituttveien 18, Postboks 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway. E-mail:
| | - Martin Schindler
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Mukesh Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineer, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sailesh N. Behera
- Department of Civil Engineer, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Katiyar
- Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial (GSVM) Medical College, Swaroop Nagar, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Onkar Dikshit
- Department of Civil Engineer, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ambreen K, Khan FH, Bhadauria S, Kumar S. Genotoxicity and oxidative stress in chromium-exposed tannery workers in North India. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:405-14. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712457447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trivalent chromium (Cr) is an environmental contaminant, which is extensively used in tanning industries throughout the world and causes various forms of health hazards in tannery workers. Therefore, a cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the DNA damage and oxidative stress condition in tannery workers exposed to Cr in North India. The study population comprised 100 male tanners in the exposed group and 100 healthy males (no history of Cr exposure) in the comparable control group. Baseline characteristics including age, smoking, alcohol consumption habits and duration of exposure were recorded via interviewing the subjects. Blood Cr level (measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry), DNA damage (measured by comet assay) and oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were estimated in both the groups. As a result of statistical analysis, exposed group showed significantly higher level of Cr ( p < 0.0001), DNA damage ( p < 0.0001), MDA ( p < 0.0001), SOD ( p < 0.05) and lower level of GSH ( p < 0.001) when compared with controls. Smoking, alcohol consumption habits and age had no significant effect ( p > 0.05) on DNA damage and oxidative stress parameters in both the groups. In simple and multiple correlation analysis, DNA damage and oxidative stress parameters showed significant correlation with Cr level and duration of exposure in exposed group. The findings of the present study revealed that chronic occupational exposure to trivalent Cr may cause DNA damage and oxidative stress in tannery workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Ambreen
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Faizan Haider Khan
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Smrati Bhadauria
- Toxicology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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Febriana SA, Jungbauer F, Soebono H, Coenraads PJ. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis and patch test results of leather workers at two Indonesian tanneries. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 67:277-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Inventory of the chemicals and the exposure of the workers' skin to these at two leather factories in Indonesia. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:517-26. [PMID: 21938525 PMCID: PMC3371324 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tannery workers are exposed to hazardous chemicals. Tannery work is outsourced to newly industrialized countries (NICs) where attention into occupational health hazards is limited. In this study, we investigated the skin exposure to hazardous chemicals in tannery workers and determined the prevalence of occupational skin diseases (OSDs) at tanneries in a NIC. METHODS A cross-sectional study on the observation of the working process and an inventory and risk assessment of the chemicals used. Classification of chemicals as potential sensitizers/irritants and a qualitative assessment of exposure to these chemicals. Workers were examined and interviewed using Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire-2002/LONG. RESULTS The risk of OSDs at the investigated tanneries was mainly related to the exposure of the workers' skin to chemicals in hot and humid environmental conditions. In 472 workers, 12% reported a current OSD and 9% reported a history of OSD. In 10% of all cases, an OSD was confirmed by a dermatologist and 7.4% had an occupational contact dermatitis (OCD). We observed that personal protective equipment (PPE) used was mainly because of skin problems in the past and not as a primary protection against OSD. CONCLUSION We observed a high frequency and prolonged exposure to many skin hazardous factors in tannery work although PPE was relatively easily available and which was generally used as a secondary preventative measure. The observed point-prevalence in this study was at the same level as that reported for other high-risk OSDs in Western countries and other tanneries in NICs. However, the observed point-prevalence in this study was lower than that reported in India and Korea. The results of our study and those of other studies at tanneries from other NICs were probably influenced by Healthy Worker Survivor Effect (HWSE).
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Hoy D, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R. The Epidemiology of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010; 24:769-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1076] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Syed M, Saleem T, Iqbal MA, Javed F, Khan MBS, Sadiq K. Effects of leather industry on health and recommendations for improving the situation in Pakistan. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2010; 65:163-172. [PMID: 20705577 DOI: 10.1080/19338241003730895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The leather industry and its associated sectors contribute significantly to the Pakistani economy. There are around 600 tanneries in Pakistan that are concentrated in 3 major cities (Kasur, Karachi, Sialkot). Waste discharge from tanneries pollutes the air, soil, and water, causing serious health problems. Exposure to such contaminated environmental milieu has been seen to culminate in a multiple array of disease processes such as asthma, dermatitis, hepatic and neurological disorders, and various malignancies. An overall dearth of research on the occupational hazards of employment in the leather industry as well as its effects on pediatric population was observed during literature review with particular reference to Pakistan. It is recommended that research should be conducted about the health hazards in the leather industry in Pakistan as well as globally to gather data that can be translated into effective prevention programs for both adults as well as pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Syed
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Wai EK, Roffey DM, Bishop P, Kwon BK, Dagenais S. Causal assessment of occupational lifting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. Spine J 2010; 10:554-66. [PMID: 20494816 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Low back pain (LBP) is a disorder that commonly affects the working population, resulting in disability, health-care utilization, and a heavy socioeconomic burden. Although the etiology of LBP remains uncertain, occupational activities have been implicated. Evaluating these potentially causal relationships requires a methodologically rigorous approach. Occupational repetitive and/or heavy lifting is widely thought to be a risk factor for the development of LBP. PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature to evaluate the causal relationship between occupational lifting and LBP. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review of the literature. SAMPLE Studies reporting an association between occupational lifting and LBP. OUTCOME MEASURES Numerical association between different levels of exposure to occupational lifting and the presence or severity of LBP. METHODS A search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, OSH-ROM, gray literature (eg, reports not published in scientific journals), hand-searching occupational health journals, reference lists of included studies, and content experts. Evaluation of study quality was performed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Levels of evidence were evaluated for specific Bradford-Hill criteria (association, dose-response, temporality, experiment, and biological plausibility). RESULTS This search yielded 2,766 citations, of which 35 studies met eligibility criteria and 9 were considered high methodological quality studies, including four case-controls and five prospective cohorts. Among the high-quality studies, there was conflicting evidence for association with four studies reporting significant associations and five studies reporting nonsignificant results. Two of the three studies that assessed dose-response demonstrated a nonsignificant trend. There were no significant risk estimates that demonstrated temporality. No studies were identified that satisfied the experiment criterion. Subgroup analyses identified certain types of lifting and LBP that had statistically significant results, but there were none that satisfied more than two of the Bradford-Hill criteria. CONCLUSIONS This review uncovered several high-quality studies examining a relationship between occupational lifting and LBP, but these studies did not consistently support any of the Bradford-Hill criteria for causality. There was moderate evidence of an association for specific types of lifting and LBP. Based on these results, it is unlikely that occupational lifting is independently causative of LBP in the populations of workers studied. Further research in specific subcategories of lifting would further clarify the presence or absence of a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene K Wai
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Shahzad K, Akhtar S, Mahmud S. Prevalence and determinants of asthma in adult male leather tannery workers in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2006; 6:292. [PMID: 17144930 PMCID: PMC1698921 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and to identify some risk factors of adult asthma in male leather tannery workers in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2003 to March 2004 on leather tannery workers of Karachi, Pakistan. Data were collected from 641 workers engaged in 95 different tanneries in Korangi industrial area selected as sample of convenience. Face to face interviews were performed using a structured pre-tested questionnaire by trained data collectors. Results Prevalence of adult asthma was 10.8% (69/641) in this study population. The prevalence of perceived work-related asthma was 5.3% (34/641). Multivariable logistic regression model showed that after taking into account the age effect, the leather tannery worker were more likely to be asthmatic, if they were illiterate (adjusted OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.17–3.88), of Pathan ethnicity (adjusted OR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.35–5.36), ever-smoked (adjusted OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.16–4.26), reportedly never used gloves during different tanning tasks (OR = 3.28; 95% CI : 1.72–6.26). Also, the final model showed a significant interaction between perceived allergy and duration of work. Those who perceived to have allergy were more likely to have asthma if their duration of work was 8 years (adjusted OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.19 – 4.29) and this relationship was even stronger if duration was 13 years (adjusted OR = 3.67; 95% CI: 1.98–6.79). Conclusion Prevalence of asthma in leather tannery workers appears to be high and is associated with educational status, ethnicity, smoking, glove use, perceived to have allergy and duration of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Family Health International, Pakistan Country Office, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Department of Community Medicine & Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Sadia Mahmud
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Punnett L, Prüss-Utün A, Nelson DI, Fingerhut MA, Leigh J, Tak S, Phillips S. Estimating the global burden of low back pain attributable to combined occupational exposures. Am J Ind Med 2005; 48:459-69. [PMID: 16299708 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little information about the global burden of non-traumatic low back pain (LBP) attributable to the effects of physical and psychosocial occupational stressors. METHODS Based on a review of the epidemiological evidence, occupation-specific relative risks were used to compute attributable proportions by age, gender, and geographical sub-region for the economically active population aged 15 and older. The reference group was professional/administrative workers; other risk categories were Low, clerical and sales; Moderate, operators (production workers) and service; and High, farmers. RESULTS Worldwide, 37% of LBP was attributed to occupation, with twofold variation across regions. The attributable proportion was higher for men than women, because of higher participation in the labor force and in occupations with heavy lifting or whole-body vibration. Work-related LBP was estimated to cause 818,000 disability-adjusted life years lost annually. CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposures to ergonomic stressors represent a substantial source of preventable back pain. Specific research on children is needed to quantify the global burden of disease due to child labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Punnett
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
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Haddar M, Kaced N, Korichi S, Alloula R. Prévalence de l’asthme professionnel : enquête dans quatre secteurs d’activité professionnelle. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1775-8785(04)93516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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