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Verma S, Verma S, Khan FH, Siddiqi Z, Raza ST, Abbas M, Mahdi F. Genetic polymorphisms of IL6 gene -174G > C and -597G > A are associated with the risk of COVID-19 severity. Int J Immunogenet 2023; 50:5-11. [PMID: 36323530 PMCID: PMC9878250 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is pro-inflammatory disorder characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interleukin-6, a cytokine secreted by macrophages, which mediates an inflammatory response, is frequently increased and associated with the severity in COVID-19 patients. The differential expression of IL6 cytokine in COVID-19 patients may be associated with the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regulatory region of cytokine genes. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of two promoter polymorphisms of the IL6 gene (-597G > A and -174G > C) with the severity of COVID-19. The study included 242 patients, out of which 97 patients with severe symptoms and 145 patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19. Genotyping of two selected SNPs, rs1800795 (-174G > C) and rs1800797 (-597G > A) of promoter region of IL6 gene, was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In our study, individuals with GC genotypes of IL6 (-174G > C) polymorphism showed significantly higher risk of severity [adjusted odds (OR) 3.86, p <.001] but we did not observe any association of COVID-19 severity with rs1800797 (-597G > A) polymorphism. The COVID-19 severity was significantly higher in individuals having 'C' allele of IL6 (-174G > C) polymorphism (p = .014). Linkage disequilibrium between rs1800795 (-174G > C) and rs1800797 (-597G > A) showed that individuals having AC* haplotype significantly association with COVID-19 severity (p = .034). Our results suggest that 'C' allele of rs1800795 (-174G > C) polymorphism of IL6 may be the risk allele for severity of COVID-19 in North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Verma
- Department of Personalized and Molecular MedicineEra UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Sushma Verma
- Department of Personalized and Molecular MedicineEra UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | | | - Zeba Siddiqi
- Department of MedicineEras Lucknow Medical College and HospitalEra UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Syed Tasleem Raza
- Department of BiochemistryEras Lucknow Medical College and HospitalEra UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Mohammad Abbas
- Department of Personalized and Molecular MedicineEra UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia,Department of MicrobiologyEra UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Farzana Mahdi
- Department of Personalized and Molecular MedicineEra UniversityLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
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2
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Khan FH, Bhat BA, Sheikh BA, Tariq L, Padmanabhan R, Verma JP, Shukla AC, Dowlati A, Abbas A. Microbiome dysbiosis and epigenetic modulations in lung cancer: From pathogenesis to therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:732-742. [PMID: 34273520 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining healthy lung function, including host immune homeostasis. Lung microbial dysbiosis or disruption of the gut-lung axis can contribute to lung carcinogenesis by causing DNA damage, inducing genomic instability, or altering the host's susceptibility to carcinogenic insults. Thus far, most studies have reported the association of microbial composition in lung cancer. Mechanistic studies describing host-microbe interactions in promoting lung carcinogenesis are limited. Considering cancer as a multifaceted disease where epigenetic dysregulation plays a critical role, epigenetic modifying potentials of microbial metabolites and toxins and their roles in lung tumorigenesis are not well studied. The current review explains microbial dysbiosis and epigenetic aberrations in lung cancer and potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Haider Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Lubna Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Roshan Padmanabhan
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
| | | | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA
| | - Ata Abbas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA.
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3
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Hammersboen LER, Aalen J, Puvrez A, Larsen CK, Remme EW, Donal E, Duchenne J, Voigt JU, Galli E, Khan FH, Sletten OJ, Penicka M, Stugaard M, Smiseth OA. Resynchronization of the left atrium may play an important role in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Left atrial (LA) dyssynchrony is a predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). It is unknown, however, if LA resynchronization contributes to response to CRT. We hypothesize that there is a relationship between correction of LA dyssynchrony and response to CRT.
Purpose
To investigate the association between LA resynchronization and response to CRT.
Methods
In a prospective study of 171 heart failure patients with LBBB, myocardial strain was measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography, before and 6 months after CRT. As indicated by the white arrows in Figure 1, LA dyssynchrony was measured as the time delay between onset systolic stretch of the interatrial septum and the LA lateral wall. Response to CRT was defined as at least 15% reduction in left ventricular (LV) end systolic volume at 6 months follow up.
Results
119 (70%) patients responded to CRT. The panels in Figure 1 shows LA strain traces in a representative LBBB patient that did respond (upper panels), and a patient that did not respond (lower panels). The white arrows in the left panels indicate that both the responder and the non-responder had marked LA dyssynchrony before CRT (198 and 171 ms, respectively). However, after 6 months with CRT, there was recovery of LA synchrony only in the responder (time delay −40 ms), and still marked LA dyssynchrony of 191 ms in the non-responder (right panels).
Figure 2 confirms similar results for the whole study population: CRT response was associated with marked reduction of LA dyssynchrony (p=0.0001). In the CRT non-responders there was, however, only a modest, non-significant reduction of LA dyssynchrony.
Conclusions
Positive CRT response was associated with resynchronization of the left atrium. These findings suggest LA resynchronization as a potential additional target for CRT.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University HospitalThe Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- L E R Hammersboen
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research , Oslo , Norway
| | - J Aalen
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research , Oslo , Norway
| | - A Puvrez
- University Hospitals (UZ) Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences , Leuven , Belgium
| | - C K Larsen
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research , Oslo , Norway
| | - E W Remme
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research , Oslo , Norway
| | - E Donal
- Laboratory Signal Processing and Image, Department of Cardiology , Rennes , France
| | - J Duchenne
- University Hospitals (UZ) Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences , Leuven , Belgium
| | - J U Voigt
- University Hospitals (UZ) Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences , Leuven , Belgium
| | - E Galli
- Laboratory Signal Processing and Image, Department of Cardiology , Rennes , France
| | - F H Khan
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research , Oslo , Norway
| | - O J Sletten
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research , Oslo , Norway
| | - M Penicka
- Cardiovascular Research Center Aalst , Aalst , Belgium
| | - M Stugaard
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research , Oslo , Norway
| | - O A Smiseth
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research , Oslo , Norway
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Khan FH, Reza MJ, Shao YF, Perwez A, Zahra H, Dowlati A, Abbas A. Role of exosomes in lung cancer: A comprehensive insight from immunomodulation to theragnostic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188776. [PMID: 35961620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are 30 to 150 nm-diameter lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles that enable cell-to-cell communication through secretion and uptake. The exosomal cargoes contain RNA, lipids, proteins, and metabolites which can be delivered to recipient cells in vivo. In a healthy lung, exosomes facilitate interaction between adaptive and innate immunity and help maintain normal lung physiology. However, tumor-derived exosomes in lung cancer (LC) can, on the other hand, restrict immune cell proliferation, cause apoptosis in activated CD8+ T effector cells, reduce natural killer cell activity, obstruct monocyte differentiation, and promote proliferation of myeloid-derived suppressor and regulatory T cells. In addition, exosomes in the tumor microenvironment may also play a critical role in cancer progression and the development of drug resistance. In this review, we aim to comprehensively examine the current updates on the role of exosomes in lung carcinogenesis and their potential application as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Haider Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Malik Johid Reza
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Yusra Fatima Shao
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmad Perwez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Honey Zahra
- Department of Anatomy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP 226003, India
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA.
| | - Ata Abbas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA.
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Hammersboen LER, Aalen JM, Puvrez A, Remme EW, Donal E, Duchenne J, Voigt JU, Galli E, Khan FH, Sletten OJ, Smiseth OA, Stugaard M. Left atrial mechanical dyssynchrony: an independent predictor of left ventricular reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab289.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Institute for Chirurgical Research - Oslo University Hospital
Introduction
Left bundle branch block (LBBB) leads to left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony. Since the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricle (LV) are anatomically connected, dyssynchronous LV contractions may be transmitted to the LA causing LA dyssynchrony and disturbed LA function.
Purpose
To investigate if LA dyssynchrony induced by LBBB predicts LV reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
Methods
In a prospective study, myocardial strain was measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography in 171 heart failure patients with LBBB, before and 6 months after CRT. LA dyssynchrony was measured as the time delay between onset systolic stretch of the interatrial septum and the LA lateral wall (white arrows in Figure), and LV dyssynchrony as the time from onset septal shortening to onset lateral wall shortening. Septal flash was assessed visually. Response to CRT was defined as at least 15 % reduction in LV end systolic volume at 6 months follow up.
Results
The figure shows a representative LBBB patient with LA and LV dyssynchrony which was abolished by CRT. For the whole study population, LA dyssynchrony was 104 ± 77 ms (mean ± SD) before CRT, and decreased to 43 ± 70 ms (p < 0.0001) after CRT. There was a significant correlation between LA and LV dyssynchrony (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001).
LA dyssynchrony correlated with LV reverse remodelling after CRT (p = 0.009), and multivariable analysis revealed that LA dyssynchrony was an independent predictor of CRT response (β=-0.046, p = 0.04) when combined with septal flash, QRS duration and QRS morphology (Table).
Conclusions
Patients with LBBB had marked LA dyssynchrony which was attributed to direct LV-LA mechanical interaction. Furthermore, LA dyssynchrony was an independent predictor of LV reverse remodelling after CRT. These findings suggest that assessment of LA dyssynchrony should be part of the echocardiographic evaluation in patients with dyssynchronous heart failure. Abstract Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- LER Hammersboen
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - JM Aalen
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Puvrez
- University Hospitals (UZ) Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - EW Remme
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Donal
- Laboratory Signal Processing and Image, Department of Cardiology, Rennes, France
| | - J Duchenne
- Laboratory Signal Processing and Image, Department of Cardiology, Rennes, France
| | - JU Voigt
- University Hospitals (UZ) Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Galli
- Laboratory Signal Processing and Image, Department of Cardiology, Rennes, France
| | - FH Khan
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - OJ Sletten
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - OA Smiseth
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Stugaard
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Institute for Chirurgical Research, Oslo, Norway
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Sletten OJ, Aalen JM, Remme EW, Khan FH, Wajdan A, Villegas M, Hisdal J, Smiseth OA, Skulstad H. Myocardial work still reflect function while strain simply measure deformation when afterload increases. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Global longitudinal strain is recommended by the European Society of Cardiology to detect subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, but is markedly load-dependent. Myocardial work was recently introduced as a clinical tool to study LV function by pressure-strain analysis. Since myocardial work incorporates afterload, it is assumed to be less afterload-dependent than strain, but the relationship with afterload is incompletely understood.
Hypothesis
Myocardial work is a better tool than strain, to measure myocardial function during elevated afterload.
Methods
In eleven anesthetized dogs, LV volume and longitudinal strain were measured by sonomicrometry, and pressure by micromanometry. Myocardial work was calculated by pressure-strain analysis. Additionally, stroke work was calculated as the area of the pressure-volume loop. Afterload was instantly increased by aortic constriction using a pneumatic cuff around the ascending aorta. Measurements were performed at baseline, during moderate- and marked afterload elevations.
Results
Table 1 summarizes the results. LV pressure (LVP) successively increased with moderate and marked afterload elevation, while longitudinal strain was successively reduced. Myocardial work and stroke work, on the other hand, increased with moderate afterload elevation, but was then reduced at marked afterload increase (Figure 1 and Table 1). Stroke volume and ejection fraction corresponded to strain and were reduced with afterload elevation.
Conclusions
Longitudinal strain and myocardial work have qualitatively different responses to increased afterload. While moderate changes in afterload cause reductions in strain that can be falsely interpreted as reductions in contractility, myocardial work increases as it incorporates the increased workload at moderately elevated afterload.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Norwegian Health Association
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Sletten
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - J M Aalen
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - E W Remme
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - F H Khan
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Wajdan
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Villegas
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Hisdal
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Smiseth
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Skulstad
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Mujtaba SF, Masih AP, Alqasmi I, Alsulimani A, Khan FH, Haque S. Oxidative-Stress-Induced Cellular Toxicity and Glycoxidation of Biomolecules by Cosmetic Products under Sunlight Exposure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071008. [PMID: 34201737 PMCID: PMC8300617 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cosmetics, commonly known as ‘makeup’ are products that can enhance the appearance of the human body. Cosmetic products include hair dyes, shampoos, skincare, sunscreens, kajal, and other makeup products. Cosmetics are generally applied throughout the face and over the neck region. Sunlight has different wavelengths of light, which include UV-A, UV-B, UV-C, and other radiations. Most cosmetic products have absorption maxima (λmax) in the range of visible light and UV-R. The effect of light-induced photosensitization of cosmetic products, which results in the production of free radicals through type-I and type-II photosensitization mechanisms. Free-radicals-mediated DNA damage and oxidative stress are common consequences of cosmetic phototoxicity. Cosmetic phototoxicity may include percutaneous absorption, skin irritation, eye irritation, photosensitization, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity. Oxidative stress induces membrane lipid peroxidation, glycoxidation, and protein covalent modifications, resulting in their dysfunction. Natural antioxidants inhibit oxidative-stress-induced cosmetic toxicity. Sunlight-induced photodegradation and accumulation of cosmetic photoproducts are also a matter of serious concern. India has tropical weather conditions throughout the year and generally, a majority of human activities such as commerce, agriculture, sports, etc. are performed under bright sunlight conditions. Thus, more focused and dedicated research is warranted to explore the effects of cosmetics on oxidative stress, glycoxidation of biomolecules, and photoproducts accumulation for its total human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faiz Mujtaba
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Shia Post Graduate College, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226020, India; (S.F.M.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Agha Parvez Masih
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Shia Post Graduate College, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226020, India; (S.F.M.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Ibrahim Alqasmi
- Public Health Department, Saudi Electronic University-Jeddah Branch, Jeddah 23442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Alsulimani
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faizan Haider Khan
- Department of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), H91V4AY Galway, Ireland;
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-173174383
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Verma S, Abbas M, Verma S, Khan FH, Raza ST, Siddiqi Z, Ahmad I, Mahdi F. Impact of I/D polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) gene on the severity of COVID-19 patients. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 91:104801. [PMID: 33676010 PMCID: PMC7929788 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has first emerged from China in December 2019 and causes coronavirus induced disease 19 (COVID-19). Since then researchers worldwide have been struggling to detect the possible pathogenesis of this disease. COVID-19 showed a wide range of clinical behavior from asymptomatic to severe acute respiratory disease syndrome. However, the etiology of susceptibility to severe lung injury is not yet fully understood. Angiotensin-converting enzyme1 (ACE1) convert angiotensin I into Angiotensin II that was further metabolized by ACE 2 (ACE2). The binding ACE2 receptor to SARS-CoV-2 facilitate its enter into the host cell. The interaction and imbalance between ACE1 and ACE2 play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of lung injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism with severity of Covid-19. The study included RT-PCR confirmed 269 cases of Covid-19. All cases were genotyped for ACE1 I/D polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction and followed by statistical analysis (SPSS, version 15.0). We found that ACE1 DD genotype, frequency of D allele, older age (≥46 years), unmarried status, and presence of diabetes and hypertension were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 patient. ACE1 ID genotype was significantly independently associated with high socio-economic COVID-19 patients (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.331–4.609). These data suggest that the ACE1 genotype may impact the incidence and clinical outcome of COVID-19 and serve as a predictive marker for COVID-19 risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Verma
- Department of Personalized and Molecular Medicine, Era University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Abbas
- Department of Personalized and Molecular Medicine, Era University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology, Era University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shrikant Verma
- Department of Personalized and Molecular Medicine, Era University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faizan Haider Khan
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Syed Tasleem Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Eras Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zeba Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Eras Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Department of Personalized and Molecular Medicine, Era University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farzana Mahdi
- Department of Personalized and Molecular Medicine, Era University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sletten OJ, Aalen JM, Remme EW, Khan FH, Hisdal J, Smiseth OA, Skulstad H. Myocardial work comes to rescue when afterload-dependency of strain cause false positives. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Norwegian Health Association
Introduction
Global longitudinal strain (GLS) can detect subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. GLS measurement is therefore recommended when chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity can be suspected. A relative, percentage reduction in GLS ≥8% may indicate subclinical LV dysfunction induced by chemotherapy. Due to afterload-dependency, moderate increase in blood pressure has the potential to cause reductions in GLS beyond this threshold. However, myocardial work incorporates afterload, and may be used to omit false positive outcomes.
Purpose
To investigate if moderate increases in afterload cause clinically relevant changes in strain, and if myocardial work is more robust to such changes.
Methods
Twenty cancer patients (41 ± 14 years) undergoing chemotherapy and twenty healthy controls (49 ± 11 years, NS) were included. All participants were free from concomitant heart disease. GLS was measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Global myocardial work was calculated by pressure-strain analysis using a previously validated method to estimate LV pressure (LVP) non-invasively. Recordings were performed before and after 2 minute stress by handgrip.
Results
At baseline, patients had lower GLS (20.1 ± 1.1 vs 22.1 ± 2.5%, p < 0.01) and global myocardial work (1810 ± 203 vs 2051 ± 287 mmHg·%, p < 0.01) than controls. Stress test moderately increased systolic blood pressure, similar in both groups (116 ± 10 to 146 ± 17 mmHg in patients, and 118 ± 12 to 147 ± 21 mmHg in controls). This afterload-enhancement was associated with a decrease in GLS from 20.1 ± 1.1 to 18.4 ± 1.3% in patients, and from 22.1 ± 2.5 to 20.3 ± 2.5% in controls (both p < 0.01). Every second participant, eleven patients and nine controls, experienced a relative reduction in GLS >8%. In contrast, global myocardial work increased during the stress test from 1810 ± 203 to 2002 ± 281 mmHg·% in patients, and from 2051 ± 287 to 2292 ± 398 mmHg·% in controls (both p < 0.01). Figure 1 shows changes in GLS and myocardial work at moderate increase in afterload.
Conclusions
Moderate increase in afterload caused reductions in GLS sufficient to promote over-diagnosis of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Global myocardial work has the potential to distinguish true subclinical LV dysfunction from afterload-induced decline in GLS.
Abstract Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- OJ Sletten
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - JM Aalen
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - EW Remme
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - FH Khan
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Hisdal
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - OA Smiseth
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Skulstad
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Cardiology, Oslo, Norway
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Sletten OJ, Aalen J, Khan FH, Larsen CK, Inoue K, Remme EW, Hisdal J, Smiseth OA, Skulstad H. 158 Myocardial work exposes afterload-dependent changes in strain. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Norwegian Health Association
Background
Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is used for detection of subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, for example when screening for chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. A relative percentage reduction in GLS ≥8% is considered abnormal. However, as GLS is load-dependent, modest increases in afterload can potentially prove sufficient to cause clinical implication. In contrast, global myocardial work (GMW) which incorporates afterload, may be more accurate in detecting LV-dysfunction.
Purpose
We investigated the effect of increased afterload on GLS, and if GMW may be a more accurate parameter of myocardial function during increased afterload.
Methods
In 20 healthy individuals (age 49 ± 11 years (mean ± SD), 10 men), blood pressure was increased by a 3 minute arithmetic mental stress test. GLS was measured by speckle tracking echocardiography and LV ejection fraction (EF) by biplane Simpson. GMW was calculated from LV pressure-strain analysis using a non-invasive estimate for LV pressure (LVP).
Results
During the afterload-elevation, systolic blood pressure increased by 25 ± 16 mmHg (p < 0.01), and heart rate by 16 ± 13 bpm (p < 0.01). This was followed by a decrease in EF from 62 ± 5 to 59 ± 5% (p < 0.01) and GLS from 21.9 ± 2.2 to 20.8 ± 2.0% (p < 0.01). In contrast, GMW increased from 2052 ± 278 to 2382 ± 388 mmHg·% (p < 0.01). In 5 of 20 (25%) individuals, the relative percentage reduction of GLS was >8%, despite an increase in GMW. The figure shows an individual example during rest and afterload-elevation, where an increase in systolic blood pressure of 16 mmHg was associated with a 9% relative percentage reduction in GLS, but a small increase in GMW as illustrated by the loop areas.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that a modest increase in afterload can result in significant reduction in GLS, that may lead to overdiagnosis of LV-dysfunction. GMW did not decrease, suggesting it has a better specificity in patients at risk for subclinical LV dysfunction. Future studies should investigate if GMW is more accurate than strain in detecting LV-dysfunction.
Abstract 158 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Sletten
- Institute for Surgical Research and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Aalen
- Institute for Surgical Research and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - F H Khan
- Institute for Surgical Research and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C K Larsen
- Institute for Surgical Research and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Inoue
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo, Norway. Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Deptartment of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime, Japan
| | - E W Remme
- Institute for Surgical Research and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Hisdal
- Institute for Surgical Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Smiseth
- Institute for Surgical Research and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Skulstad
- Institute for Surgical Research and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Khan FH, Inoue K, Andersen OS, Gude E, Skulstad H, Smiseth OA, Remme EW. 1231 Left atrial septal and lateral wall strains contain different pressure information: Utility in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
Background
Reduced left atrial (LA) reservoir strain is a marker of elevated LA pressure. Thus it could be a potential non-invasive marker to differentiate pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) as the latter is defined by elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) > 15 mmHg. However, in pre-capillary PH patients with elevated right atrial pressure (RAP), the atrial septal geometry may be abnormal. This could lead to lower regional LA septal strain, making LA lateral wall strain more accurately reflect PCWP.
Purpose
We investigated if LA lateral wall strain can differentiate between pre- and post-capillary PH, and how LA lateral wall strain and LA septal strain are both affected by elevated RAP in pre-capillary PH. Furthermore we investigated if LA septal strain can be used in pre-capillary PH patients to identify those with elevated RAP.
Methods
We analysed 63 patients with PH, 28 pre-capillary and 35 post-capillary, who underwent right heart catheterisation. Echocardiography was performed simultaneously with or within 24 hours of the invasive pressure measurements. Regional LA septal strain and lateral wall strain were measured from the apical four chamber view.
Results
Pulmonary artery pressure was 39.5 ± 11.1 mmHg (mean ± SD) in the pre-capillary PH patients and 37.0 ± 10.1 mmHg in the post-capillary PH patients (p = ns). Mean PCWP was 9.9 ± 2.5 mmHg and 24.5 ± 6.0 mmHg (p < 0.001), respectively.
LA lateral wall strain was significantly lower in patients with post-capillary PH compared to pre-capillary PH (11.9 ± 7.7% vs 26.6 ± 9.9%, p < 0.001) (Fig. a,b). At a cut-off value of 18.0%, LA lateral wall strain could predict elevated PCWP > 15 mmHg with AUC = 0.88, sensitivity = 85.7% and specificity = 76.3%.
In the 28 patients with pre-capillary PH, we classified mean RAP ≥ 10 mmHg as elevated and < 10 mmHg as normal. Seven of these patients had elevated RAP and showed significantly reduced LA septal strain compared to the 21 patients with normal RAP (13.0 ± 6.2% vs 22.1 ± 7.6%, p < 0.01). LA lateral wall strain showed no difference in these groups of pre-capillary PH patients (25.8 ± 10.1% vs 28.9 ± 9.4%) (Fig. c).
Conclusions
LA lateral wall strain can be used for differentiating between pre- and post-capillary PH. In addition, LA septal strain may be used in pre-capillary PH patients to identify those with elevated RAP.
Abstract 1231 Figure
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Khan
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Surgical research, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Inoue
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Ehime, Japan
| | - O S Andersen
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Surgical research, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Gude
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Skulstad
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Smiseth
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Surgical research, Oslo, Norway
| | - E W Remme
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Surgical research, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Inoue K, Remme EW, Khan FH, Andersen OS, Gude E, Skulstad H, Smiseth OA. P4368Estimation of pulmonary artery pressure from right atrial strain and tricuspid regurgitation velocity. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) can be estimated non-invasively as the sum of indices for right atrial (RA) pressure and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) pressure gradient. Although echocardiographic evaluation of inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility is currently being used to estimate RA pressure (IVC method), RA strain may be an alternative since atrial strain is related to atrial pressure.
Objective
We tested if RA strain by speckle tracking echocardiography can be used as a surrogate of mean RA pressure (RA strain method), and by adding the TR pressure gradient, be used to estimate SPAP.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 91 patients (mean age, 58 years) referred to right heart catheterization due to unexplained dyspnea or suspected pulmonary hypertension. Echocardiography was performed within 24 hours of the invasive procedure. RA reservoir strain was calculated from apical four-chamber view. SPAP was calculated as the sum of peak TR pressure gradient and estimated RA pressure by the IVC or RA strain methods.
Results
Right heart catheterization showed SPAP and mean RA pressures of 51±20 mmHg and 9±6 mmHg, respectively. RA reservoir strain was inversely correlated with mean RA pressure (r=−0.61, p<0.01). Thus, we set mean RA pressure as 5, 10 and 15 mmHg depending on high (≥25%), middle (10–25%) and low (≤10%) values of RA reservoir strain. As shown in the figure, both the RA strain and IVC methods when combined with peak TR velocity, provided good estimates of invasively measured SPAP.
Conclusions
RA strain provides a semiquantitative measure of RA pressure, which can be used in combination with peak TR velocity to estimate SPAP. This approach can be used as an alternative when the IVC method is not available in cases with poor subcostal window.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inoue
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - E W Remme
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - F H Khan
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - O S Andersen
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Gude
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Skulstad
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Smiseth
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Inoue K, Remme EW, Khan FH, Andersen OS, Gude E, Skulstad H, Smiseth OA. P2452Application of left atrial strain for differentiation between pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is classified as pre- or post-capillary PH, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) >15 mmHg is used as criterion for post-capillary PH. Elevated left atrial (LA) pressure is associated with reduced LA reservoir strain. Thus, LA strain may potentially serve to differentiate between these diagnoses.
Objectives
This study tested the hypothesis that LA strain can be used as a noninvasive parameter to differentiate between pre- and post-capillary PH.
Methods
We analyzed 103 patients (mean age: 58 years, 51 female) referred to right heart catheterization due to unexplained dyspnea or suspected heart failure. Echocardiography was performed within 24 hours of the invasive procedure. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was noninvasively estimated from tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility. LA reservoir strain was calculated from apical four-chamber view by speckle tracking echocardiography, and was feasible in 101 patients.
Results
Twenty-eight patients were invasively confirmed with pre-capillary PH and 43 patients with post-capillary PH. The remaining 32 patients had no PH. LA reservoir strain was significantly lower in patients with post-capillary PH than patients with pre-capillary PH (9.9±5.5% vs. 24.6±8.2%, p<0.01). At a cut-off value of 15.4%, LA reservoir strain could predict elevated PCWP >15 mmHg with AUC=0.88, sensitivity=84.8% and specificity=81.8%. As shown in the figure, echocardiography with LA reservoir strain correctly differentiated 82% of patients into pre- and post-capillary PH.
Conclusions
These results suggest that LA reservoir strain can be used to predict elevated PCWP, thus allowing discrimination between pre- and post-capillary PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inoue
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - E W Remme
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - F H Khan
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - O S Andersen
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Gude
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Skulstad
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Smiseth
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Khan FH, Andersen OS, Gude E, Skulstad H, Smiseth OA, Remme EW. P1480Left atrial strain improves estimation of left ventricular filling pressure. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The current algorithm in the 2016 recommendations for echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) as normal or elevated, combines traditional indices of mitral inflow velocities, tissue Doppler, left atrial volume and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (Figure A). Some of the patients remain unclassified by this algorithm. Left atrial (LA) strain is a novel index that correlates well with LVFP and may improve estimation of LVFP in these patients.
Purpose
We tested if LA strain can improve estimation of LVFP for the patients that are unclassified by the 2016 algorithm.
Methods
We analyzed data from 100 patients who were referred to right heart catheterization due to unexplained dyspnea or suspected heart failure. Echocardiography was performed simultaneously with or within 24 hours of right heart catheterization. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was used as an estimate for LVFP and defined as elevated if above 12 mmHg. Elevated LVFP was first estimated using the 2016 algorithm. In patients who were unclassified by the algorithm due to conflicting indices or unattainable indices, LA strain was subsequently used to detect elevated LVFP using a cut-off found from ROC analysis of the whole cohort.
Results
Six patients were unclassified by the 2016 algorithm. The ROC analysis of all 100 patients showed that at an LA strain cut-off of above or below 16.2%, LVFP was correctly classified as normal or elevated, respectively, with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 88%. All 6 unclassified patients by the 2016 algorithm were correctly classified using the LA strain cut-off, effectively increasing the accuracy of the algorithm by 6 percentage points.
Conclusions
LA strain may have a role in non-invasive estimation of LVFP, particularly in patients who remain unclassified when using the conventional echocardiographic indices.
Acknowledgement/Funding
South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Khan
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Surgical research, Oslo, Norway
| | - O S Andersen
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Surgical research, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Gude
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Skulstad
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of cardiology, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Smiseth
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Surgical research, Oslo, Norway
| | - E W Remme
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Surgical research, Oslo, Norway
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Gou X, Zhang Q, More S, Bamunuarachchi G, Liang Y, Haider Khan F, Maranville R, Zuniga E, Wang C, Liu L. Repeated Exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae Exacerbates Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Pathol 2019; 189:1711-1720. [PMID: 31220453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is commonly found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is linked to acute exacerbation of COPD. However, current clinical therapy neglects asymptomatic insidious S. pneumoniae colonization. We studied the roles of repeated exposure to S. pneumoniae in COPD progression using a mouse model. C57BL/6J mice were intranasally inoculated with S. pneumoniae ST262 every 4 weeks with or without cigarette smoke (CS) exposure up to 20 weeks to maintain persistent S. pneumoniae presence in the lower airways. Streptococcus pneumoniae enhanced CS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration at 12 to 20 weeks of exposure. Streptococcus pneumoniae also increased CS-induced release of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-12 (p70), and IL-5 at 20 weeks of exposure. Moreover, a combination of CS and S. pneumoniae caused alveolar epithelial injury, a decline in lung function, and an increased expression of platelet-activating factor receptor and bacterial load. Our results suggest that repeated exposure to S. pneumoniae in lower airways exacerbates CS-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Gou
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Sunil More
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Gayan Bamunuarachchi
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Yurong Liang
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Faizan Haider Khan
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Rachel Maranville
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Emily Zuniga
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Changzheng Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
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16
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Hashmi M, Asghar A, Shamim F, Khan FH. Validation of acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation II scoring system software developed at The Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Saudi J Anaesth 2016; 10:45-9. [PMID: 26955310 PMCID: PMC4760041 DOI: 10.4103/1658-354x.169474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the predictive performance of Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) software available on the hospital intranet and analyze interrater reliability of calculating the APACHE II score by the gold standard manual method or automatically using the software. Materials and Methods: An expert scorer not involved in the data collection had calculated APACHE II score of 213 patients admitted to surgical Intensive Care Unit using the gold standard manual method for a previous study performed in the department. The same data were entered into the computer software available on the hospital intranet (http://intranet/apacheii) to recalculate the APACHE II score automatically along with the predicted mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistical test and Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed. Results: The 213 patients had an average APACHE II score of 17.20 ± 8.24, the overall mortality rate was 32.8% and standardized mortality ratio was 1.00. The area under the ROC curve of 0.827 was significantly >0.5 (P < 0.01) and had confidence interval of 0.77-0.88. The goodness-of-fit test showed a good calibration (H = 5.46, P = 0.71). Interrater reliability using Pearson's product moment correlations demonstrated a strong positive relationship between the computer and the manual expert scorer (r = 0.98, P = 0.0005). Conclusion: APACHE II software available on the hospital's intranet has satisfactory calibration and discrimination and interrater reliability is good when compared with the gold standard manual method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hashmi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - A Asghar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - F Shamim
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - F H Khan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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17
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Khan FH, Natarajan M, Aravindan S, Herman TS, Aravindan N. Abstract P5-11-02: Radiation instigates EMT, CSC self renewal and pluripotency signal transduction in non-targeted (bystander) ERa+ and triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p5-11-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ascertaining radiation-induced bystander response in non-targeted tumor cells, particularly on variables pertaining to resistance, relapse and tumor progression, may escort significant clinical implications. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the radiation induced alterations in factors that drive the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) self-renewal capacity and pluripotency maintenance in non-targeted breast (ERa+ MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-468) adenocarcinoma cells. Co-cultures of non-targeted breast cancer cells with irradiated (5Gy) counterparts for 24h were assessed for transcriptional regulation of 93 stem cell related molecules using QPCR profiling. Radiation-induced alterations in the expression of ABCG2, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, MYC, Nanog and SOX2 in bystander MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 were assessed using western blot analysis. Radiation profoundly increased the transcriptional activation of stem-cell related molecules in distant bystander ERα+ MCF-7 (70 genes) and in triple-negative MDA-MB-468 (82 genes) cells. Interestingly, 62 of 70 genes activated in MCF-7 and 81 of 82 genes in MDA-MB-468 showed significant (>2 fold) upregulation. Evidently, radiation induced 66 genes (>2 fold, 58 genes) in bystander breast cancer cells independent of their hormone status. Consistently, immunoblotting revealed increase in the expression of ABCG2, N-Cadherin, MYC, Nanog and SOX2 in both MCF7 and MDA-MB-468. Together, these data demonstrates that radiation activates the EMT, CSCs self-renewal and pluripotency maintaining factors in non-targeted bystander cells and could thus play an instrumental role in breast cancer relapse and progression.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-11-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- FH Khan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - M Natarajan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - S Aravindan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - TS Herman
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - N Aravindan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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Fatima G, Das SK, Khan FH, Mahdi AA, Verma NS. Circadian variations of 5-hydroxytryptamine in female with fibromyalgia syndrome: A case control study. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghizal Fatima
- Department of Rheumatology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | | | - Faizan Haider Khan
- Department of Biochemistry; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Nar Singh Verma
- Department of Physiology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
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Abstract
Trivalent chromium (Cr) is an environmental contaminant, which is extensively used in tanning industries throughout the world and causes various forms of health hazards in tannery workers. Therefore, a cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the DNA damage and oxidative stress condition in tannery workers exposed to Cr in North India. The study population comprised 100 male tanners in the exposed group and 100 healthy males (no history of Cr exposure) in the comparable control group. Baseline characteristics including age, smoking, alcohol consumption habits and duration of exposure were recorded via interviewing the subjects. Blood Cr level (measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry), DNA damage (measured by comet assay) and oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were estimated in both the groups. As a result of statistical analysis, exposed group showed significantly higher level of Cr ( p < 0.0001), DNA damage ( p < 0.0001), MDA ( p < 0.0001), SOD ( p < 0.05) and lower level of GSH ( p < 0.001) when compared with controls. Smoking, alcohol consumption habits and age had no significant effect ( p > 0.05) on DNA damage and oxidative stress parameters in both the groups. In simple and multiple correlation analysis, DNA damage and oxidative stress parameters showed significant correlation with Cr level and duration of exposure in exposed group. The findings of the present study revealed that chronic occupational exposure to trivalent Cr may cause DNA damage and oxidative stress in tannery workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Ambreen
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Faizan Haider Khan
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Smrati Bhadauria
- Toxicology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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Khan FH, Ambreen K, Fatima G, Kumar S. Assessment of health risks with reference to oxidative stress and DNA damage in chromium exposed population. Sci Total Environ 2012; 430:68-74. [PMID: 22634551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] is widely used in tanning industrial processes. The population living in tanning industrial area is continuously exposed to Cr(III) which appears to be associated with both acute and chronic health problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the health risk with special reference to oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde - MDA, glutathione - GSH, and superoxide dismutase - SOD) and DNA damage in 100 Cr-exposed and 100 unexposed populations. The total blood Cr level, SOD level, MDA level and DNA damage were significantly (p<0.05) higher and GSH level was significantly (p<0.05) lower in exposed group as compared to the unexposed group. The altered oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage were found to be slightly higher in female population of both groups. In simple and multiple correlation analyses (adjusted with potential confounders), blood Cr level showed negative significant correlation with GSH level and positive significant correlation with level of MDA, SOD and DNA damage in both groups. The overall prevalence of morbidity was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the exposed group as compared to the unexposed group. In the exposed group, the prevalence of respiratory illness is highest, followed by diabetes, gastrointestinal tract problems and dermal problems respectively. Our results concluded that the Cr(III) exposed population is at high risk for health hazards and the female population is slightly more susceptible to Cr(III) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Haider Khan
- Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
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Hoque MM, Ahmed NU, Khan FH, Jahan R, Yasmeen HN, Chowdhury MA. Breastfeeding and cognitive development of children: assessment at one year of age. Mymensingh Med J 2012; 21:316-321. [PMID: 22561777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the fundamental component of child survival strategy. It significantly influences neurological development of children. The study was conducted to assess whether exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding improves children's cognitive development, including low birth weight (LBW) babies, in a developing country setting like Bangladesh. This observational study was done on a cohort of newborn infants who were discharged from the special care baby unit of Dhaka Shishu Hospital during January 2006 to December 2008 with proper counseling about exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding. Their neuro-developmental follow-up was started at 4 weeks postnatal age and continued at 3-monthly intervals up to 1 year of age. At each visit, cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID II). Cognitive development was compared between the babies of exclusive vs. non exclusive breastfeeding, normal weight vs. low birth weight and male vs. female babies. A total of 105 cases were successfully followed-up during this period. Out of these 47(44.8%) babies were exclusively breastfed up to 6 month of age and 58(55.2%) were in nonexclusive group. Overall Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) was slightly more (108.40 ± 23.06 vs. 103.23 ± 19.87) in the exclusive breast fed babies in comparison to nonexclusive breast fed babies, but was significantly more in babies having birth weight >2.5 kg in comparison to those having birth weight of <2.5 kg. Other parameters of cognitive development were more or less same in both normal and LBW groups. Mental and motor development was same in both boys and girls. In behavior ratings, cooperation was significantly high (5.89 ± 2.54 vs. 4.71 ± 3.13, p=0.05) and vocalization (5.89 ± 1.07 vs. 4.58 ± 1.16) was also high, though not significant, in girls than boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hoque
- Neonatology, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health & Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Khan FH, Ganesan P, Kumar S. Y Chromosome microdeletion and altered sperm quality in human males with high concentration of seminal hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Chemosphere 2010; 80:972-7. [PMID: 20561669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown Y chromosome microdeletions associated with male infertility. The factors responsible for Y chromosome microdeletions in spermatozoa remain unresolved. However, the environmental pollutants are known to damage DNA in differentiating and maturing germ cells in the male reproductive tract. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seminal hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers, an environmental pollutant, in 50 fertile and 50 infertile males in relation to semen quality and the incidence of Y chromosome microdeletion in azoospermic factor (AZF) region. As compared to control, an increased HCH level and significantly decreased semen quality were observed in the infertile males. A positive significant association was found between sperm count with alpha-HCH and beta-HCH in the infertile males. A negative significant association was observed between sperm counts with gamma-HCH in asthenospermia patients and with beta-HCH and total HCH in oligo-asthenospermic patients. Out of 100 males studied, we found 10 patients with Yq deletion in AZFa and AZFc regions. Subdivision of infertile group revealed a deletion incidence of 61.5% in azoospermic patients, 11.1% in oligospermic patients and 16.6% in oligo-asthenospermic patients. The presence of Yq deletion in azoospermic patients with a significant mean difference of beta-HCH and total HCH in relation to reduced semen quality seem to corroborate with the mutagenic activity of HCH. The results of this study indicated the susceptibility of male germ line to mutagenic potential of HCH which is an acknowledged risk factor leading to spermatogenic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Haider Khan
- Molecular Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India
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Khan FH, Ganesan P, Ali D, Kumar S. Genotoxic evaluation of human population occupationally exposed to chromium using the Comet assays1. Toxicol Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hussain AM, Yousuf B, Khan MA, Khan FH, Khan FA. Vasopressin for the management of catecholamine-resistant anaphylactic shock. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:e225-e228. [PMID: 18830525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Severe anaesthetic anaphylaxis is relatively uncommon. Oxygen, fluids and epinephrine are considered to be the mainstay for treatment of cardiovascular collapse and current guidelines for the management of anaphylaxis list only epinephrine as a vasopressor to use in the event of a cardiovascular collapse. Recently, evidence has emerged in the support of the use of vasopressin in cardiopulmonary resuscitation; it is also recommended for the treatment of ventricular fibrillation, septic shock and post-cardiopulmonary bypass distribution shock. Currently, there is no algorithm or guideline for the management of anaphylaxis that include the use of vasopressin. We report a 24-year-old woman who developed severe anaphylactic shock at induction of anaesthesia while undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Circulation shock was refractory to epinephrine and high doses of pure alpha-agonist phenylephrine and norepinephrine. Single intravenous dose of two units of vasopressin re-established normal circulation and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hussain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
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25
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Ola MS, Tabish M, Khan FH, Banu N. Purification and some properties of galectin-1 derived from water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) brain. Cell Biol Int 2007; 31:578-85. [PMID: 17218122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of galectins have been found in various animal species, the most abundant of which is galectin-1. The purpose of the present study was to purify and characterize galectin-1 from buffalo brain. We purified the galectin using a combination of ammonium sulphate fractionation and affinity chromatography and the homogeneity was determined by both native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and denaturing SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of the galectin as determined by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and by gel filtration column under native conditions was 13.8 and 24.5 kDa, respectively, suggesting a dimeric form of galectin. The most potent inhibitor of the galectin activity was lactose, giving complete inhibition of hemagglutination at 0.8 mM. Galectin showed higher specificity towards human blood group A. Free thiol groups were estimated at a molar ratio of 2.9. The effects of alkylating reagents (iodoacetate and iodoacetamide) on saccharide binding of the galectin were studied. Both alkylating reagents significantly inactivated the activity of the galectin within 20 min. The temperature and pH stability of the galectin were determined. Our findings based on physico-chemical properties, carbohydrate and blood group specificities of the galectin may have future implications in biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M.U. Aligarh, UP, India.
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Hasan SS, Khan FH, Ahmed M. Comparison of ketorolac with morphine for intra-operative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. J PAK MED ASSOC 2003; 53:467-71. [PMID: 14696887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare ketorolac 0.35 mg x kg(-1) with morphine 0.1 mg x kg(-1) for hemodynamic stability, efficacy of analgesia and incidence of side effects in patients undergoing elective total abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS Fifty ASA I and II patients, were enrolled in a prospective, randomized and double blind study. They were divided in two equal groups. Group K received Inj. Ketorolac 0.35 mg x kg(-1) while group M received Inj. Morphine 0.1 mg x kg(-1) 5 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. Hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation, and surgical incision were noted. RESULTS Data was entered and analysis was done using SPSS version 10.0. Student-t test and comparison of proportions were done where required. ANOVA was done and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was a significant rise in heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure in ketorolac group (K) as compared to baseline values at points of endotracheal intubation and surgical incision. Patients in Morphine group (M) showed a significant increase in heart rate only. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for supplemental analgesia requirement intraoperatively and postoperatively. Complications seen with group K were increased surgical wound bleeding in 2 patients (8%), nausea and vomiting in 4 patients (16%) while in group M there was nausea and vomiting in 5 patients (20%), and respiratory depression in 1 patient (4%). CONCLUSION Although hemodynamic stability at points of painful stimulation was lower in patients given ketorolac as compared to morphine, Ketorolac has a place in the intraoperative pain relief in Pakistan and other developing countries where availability of powerful narcotics is erratic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Hasan
- St. Luke's General Hopital, Kill Kenny, Ireland
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Khan RI, Khan FH, Naqvi HI. Respiratory arrest in a child after flushing of pancuronium from the deadspace of intravenous cannula. J PAK MED ASSOC 2002; 52:487-8. [PMID: 12553680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R I Khan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
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Khan FH. Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. J PAK MED ASSOC 2002; 52:323-8. [PMID: 12481666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F H Khan
- Department of Anesthesia, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
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Aviv RI, Shyamalan G, Khan FH, Watkinson AF, Tibballs J, Caplin M, Winslett M. Use of stents in the palliative treatment of malignant gastric outlet and duodenal obstruction. Clin Radiol 2002; 57:587-92. [PMID: 12096856 DOI: 10.1053/crad.2002.0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of stenting in the palliation of malignant duodenal and gastric outlet obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our series of patients who underwent stenting for malignant upper gastrointestinal obstruction between March 1998 and December 1999. From January 2000 data have been acquired prospectively. Our series comprises 21 stents successfully deployed in 15 patients. RESULTS The technical and clinical success was 93% (14/15 patients). One patient required endoscopic negotiation of recurrent gastric carcinoma at the gastrojejunostomy site after failure to cross the lesion fluroscopically. Two patients required re-intervention 2 and 5 weeks after initial stent placement, for migration and ingrowth respectively. Eighteen stents were placed transorally, two stents transhepatically and one via a transgastric approach. Early complications (pain < 3 days) occurred in two patients (13%) and late complications (ingrowth, overgrowth and migration) occurred in three patients (20%). The median survival was 2.4 months (range 2-4 months). CONCLUSION Stenting provides a less invasive palliative option than surgery with the advantage of lower morbidity and complication rates. It has the advantage of high technical and clinical success rates facilitated by alternative routes of access into the upper gastrointestinal tract via transgastric and transhepatic routes in addition to the traditional peroral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Aviv
- Department of Radiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Byrnes CK, Khan FH, Nass PH, Hatoum C, Duncan MD, Harmon JW. Success and limitations of a naked plasmid transfection protocol for keratinocyte growth factor-1 to enhance cutaneous wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2001; 9:341-6. [PMID: 11896976 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.2001.00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Our group and others have previously reported enhancement of cutaneous wound healing following the transfection of tissue with plasmid vectors expressing the DNA for growth factors. In these experiments, growth factor treated animals were usually compared to animals treated with control plasmid vector. To achieve consistent transfection, high DNA plasmid load and repeated penetrations of the wound by needle or gene gun were required. In the current experiments, we assessed the effect of the plasmid load and repeated tissue penetrations on wound healing of excisional wounds in diabetic C57 mice. Animals received 5 mm excisional wounds, and were assigned to the following groups, no treatment, phosphate buffered saline solution injections, and plasmid vector injection with and without the keratinocyte growth factor-1 gene. Intradermal injections of 100 microg plasmid were given adjacent to the wounds at days 1-5, 7 and 11. At day 9, wound closure was more advanced in keratinocyte growth factor-1 treated animals compared to those treated with control plasmid. But a detrimental effect of the DNA plasmid injection was evident from a comparison of the DNA control group versus the non-injected group. Therefore, the challenge for developing an effective system for the enhancement of wound healing lies in improving transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Byrnes
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Abstract
Dopamine during in vitro oxidation induced covalent cross-linking of membrane proteins in rat brain crude mitochondrial-synaptosomal fraction. The process is not inhibited by hydroxyl radical scavengers, lipid soluble anti-oxidants, metal-chelator or catalase, but reduced glutathione produced a dramatic inhibition of cross-linking. The protein cross-linking mediated by dopamine is not associated with any detectable membrane lipid peroxidation but significant formation of protein bound quinone takes place during incubation. Our results indicate that reactive quinones rather than oxygen free radicals are involved in dopamine induced protein cross-linking in rat brain membrane fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medicine, 244B, A.J.C. Bose Road, Calcutta 700 020, India
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Rauf MA, Khan FH. Anatomical variations of internal jugular vein as seen by "Site Rite II" ultrasound machine--an initial experience in Pakistani population. J PAK MED ASSOC 2001; 51:105-9. [PMID: 11381821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the anatomical variations of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in Pakistani adult population with the help of Site Rite II ultrasound machine. MATERIAL AND METHOD The right IJV relation to the carotid artery was visualized at four different landmarks (angle of the mandible, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and the supraclavicular area). Size of IJV in comparison to carotid artery was also seen. RESULTS In 49 cases the IJV was found in aberrant relation to carotid artery at the angle of the mandible (p value < 0.05), 22 at the thyroid cartilage, 20 at the cricoid cartilage, and 46 at the supraclavicular area (p value < 0.05). In 93% of cases the IJV was found to be larger than the carotid artery. CONCLUSION Care should be taken while cannulating IJV at the angle of the mandible and supra clavicular area by external landmark guided technique. Ultrasound guided technique should be used in every anticipated difficult case.
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Abstract
Uric acid (2,6,8 trioxopurine), the end product of purine metabolism in mammalian systems, has shown a wide range of antioxidant properties including scavenging of hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen. In this study we show that in the presence of visible light, uric acid disrupted caprine alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha(2) M) structure and antiproteolytic function in vitro. Proteinase cleaves the bait region of caprine inhibitor inducing major conformational changes and entrapping the enzyme within its molecular cage. In contrast to native alpha(2) M, modified antiproteinase lost half of its antiproteolytic potential within 4 hours of uric acid exposure. The changes in uv-absorption spectra of the treated protein suggested possible spatial rearrangement of subunits or conformational change. Analysis of the mechanism by which alpha(2) M was inactivated revealed that the process was dependent on generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Our findings suggest that antiproteolytic activity of caprine alpha(2) M could be compromised via oxidative modification mediated by uric acid. Moreover, low concentrations of alpha(2) M were found to stimulate superoxide production by some unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 002, INDIA
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Hoque BA, Mahmood AA, Quadiruzzaman M, Khan F, Ahmed SA, Shafique SA, Rahman M, Morshed G, Chowdhury T, Rahman MM, Khan FH, Shahjahan M, Begum M, Hoque MM. Recommendations for water supply in arsenic mitigation: a case study from Bangladesh. Public Health 2000; 114:488-94. [PMID: 11114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic problems have been observed in several countries around the world. The challenges of arsenic mitigation are more difficult for developing and poor countries due to resource and other limitations. Bangladesh is experiencing the worst arsenic problem in the world, as about 30 million people are possibly drinking arsenic contaminated water. Lack of knowledge has hampered the mitigation initiatives. This paper presents experience gained during an action research on water supply in arsenic mitigation in rural Singair, Bangladesh. The mitigation has been implemented there through integrated research and development of appropriate water supply options and its use through community participation. Political leaders and women played key roles in the success of the mitigation. More than one option for safe water has been developed and/or identified. The main recommendations include: integration of screening of tubewells and supply of safe water, research on technological and social aspects, community, women and local government participation, education and training of all stakeholders, immediate and appropriate use of the available knowledge, links between intermediate/immediate and long term investment, effective coordination and immediate attention by health, nutrition, agriculture, education, and other programs to this arsenic issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Hoque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.
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Hoque BA, Mahmood AA, Quadiruzzaman M, Khan F, Ahmed SA, Shafique SAKAM, Rahman M, Morshed G, Chowdhury T, Rahman MM, Khan FH, Shahjahan M, Begum M, Hoque MM. Recommendations for water supply in arsenic mitigation. Public Health 2000. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.ph.1900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Khan FH, Khan FA, Irshad R, Kamal RS. Complications of endotracheal intubation in mechanically ventilated patients in a general intensive care unit. J PAK MED ASSOC 1996; 46:195-8. [PMID: 8936984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During a period of one year, 126 patients were prospectively audited to analyse complications of endotracheal intubation in a general intensive care unit setting. A total of 62 complications were observed in 48 patients. The most frequent complications during intubation were hypotension and bradycardia. The blockage of endotracheal tubes significantly increased with the duration of intubation. Sore throat was the commonest (22%) complication following extubation. Other complications like stridor and ulceration of mouth and lips which followed extubation were not related to the duration of intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Khan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Aga Khan University Hospital and Medical College, Karachi
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Khan FH, Mirza M, Saleemuddin M. A crosslinked tetrameric alpha 2M that binds but incompletely entraps trypsin. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1994; 34:337-344. [PMID: 7531536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A crosslinked preparation of alpha-2-macroglobulin was obtained by treatment of the purified human plasma inhibitor with glutaraldehyde at low temperature. The preparation migrated as a 780 KDa polypeptide in SDS-PAGE and with mobility comparable with that of trypsinized native alpha-2-macroglobulin under nondenaturing conditions. Trypsinization of the glutaraldehyde treated alpha-2-macroglobulin further increased its electrophoretic mobility in non-denaturing gels and resulted in the association of the proteinase with the crosslinked inhibitor. Trypsin associated with crosslinked alpha-2-macroglobulin, unlike that associated with native inhibitor was incompletely protected from soybean trypsin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, India
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Abstract
A combination of propofol infusion and two bolus doses of buprenorphine, 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/kg were evaluated in a total intravenous anaesthesia technique in 36 patients of ASA grade 1 or 2 undergoing cholecystectomy. Additional boluses of propofol were given intravenously if needed. Systolic blood pressure after tracheal intubation increased significantly only in those who received the smaller dose of buprenorphine. Patients in both groups remained haemodynamically stable throughout surgery with minimal side effects. Recovery was fast even with prolonged infusions and without major side effects. No patient reported awareness on postoperative questioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Kamal
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Aga Khan University Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abstract
In chicken adrenal glands, aspartate transaminase (AST) activity is concentrated in the adrenal cortical cells. Administration of a bolus dose of furazolidone (200 mg/kg) to the birds produced a decrease in AST activity in the adrenal glands and a general disorganization in the ultrastructure of the adrenal cortical cells. Many adrenal cortical mitochondria appeared to be moribund, being swollen, without cristae or apparently empty. These effects preceded atrophy of the adrenal cortical tissue, which was most marked in the central part of the adrenal glands. The atrophy was still present after 12 weeks, and it is therefore suggested that nitrofurans may be useful in the treatment of Cushing's disease in other animal species. When furazolidone or furaltadone was given in the diet at therapeutic levels, blebs of an electron-dense substance developed in adrenal cortical mitochondria and AST activity in the adrenal glands was reduced. These effects were found to be reversible, and the treatments did not produce atrophy of the adrenal cortical tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Bartlet
- Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Anwar-ul-Hassan S, Nawaz M, Khan FH, Ala-ud-Din. Renal and mammary excretion of sulfadimidine in buffaloes. Nord Vet Med 1979; 31:528-33. [PMID: 530819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The renal and mammary excretion of sulfadimidine was investigated in 8 lactating buffaloes after intravenous administration. The results showed that sulfadimidine was bound to the proteins in plasma (39--59 per cent) and milk (5.5 per cent). The renal handling of sulfadimidine was influenced by the variations in the urinary pH and the concentration of non-protein-bound drug. From the results it is concluded that glomerular filtration, back diffusion and active tubular secretion are involved in the renal handling of sulfadimidine in buffaloes. The results of mammary excretion showed that sulfadimidine is excreted into milk of buffaloes in concentration lower than in plasma. The ratio between the concentration of sulfadimidine in milk and plasma increases when the pH of milk increases. The results are consistant with the theory that drugs are excreted through the mammary gland by passive diffusion.
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Khan FH, Nakra SK. Correction of imperforate anus and recto-vaginal fistula by operation. Indian Vet J 1968; 45:793-4. [PMID: 5751668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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