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Kurtoğlu A, Eken Ö, Aydın E, Çar B, Nobari H. The impact of strategic napping on peak expiratory flow and respiratory function in young elite athletes. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:41. [PMID: 38336766 PMCID: PMC10854142 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory health is a critical determinant of athletic performance, and the utilization of restorative strategies, such as strategic napping, may offer a competitive edge to athletes. This study investigates the effects of nap duration on the respiratory function of young elite athletes who have achieved top rankings national competitions. Participants engage in three test sessions with varying nap durations: no nap (N0), a 25-minute nap (N25), and a 45-minute nap (N45), with a minimum 72-hour interval between sessions. Respiratory parameters including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, Peak Expiratory Flow rate (PEF), Forced Expiratory Flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75%), and Forced Expiratory Time (FET) are assessed. Results reveal a significant enhancement in PEF values following a 45-minute nap (N45) compared to the no-nap control (N0) [F1 - 11=7.356, p =.004, ηp2 = 0.401, (95% CI for difference: -1.56 to - 0.056)], indicating a potential positive influence of napping on maximum expiratory flow rate and, consequently, athletes' respiratory performance. While no significant changes are observed in other respiratory parameters across different nap durations, these findings underscore the potential benefits of strategic napping in optimizing respiratory health in young elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kurtoğlu
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balıkesir, 10200, Turkey
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey
| | - Engin Aydın
- Department of Pediatrics, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balıkesir, 10200, Turkey
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran.
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Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Suppiah H, Ammar A, Clark CCT, Jahrami H, Chtourou H, Driller M. The Impact of Daytime Napping Following Normal Night-Time Sleep on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Meta-regression. Sports Med 2024; 54:323-345. [PMID: 37700141 PMCID: PMC10933197 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daytime napping is used by athletes as a strategy to supplement night time sleep and aid physical performance. However, no meta-analytical overview regarding the impact of napping following a night of normal sleep (7-9 h) on physical performance is available. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daytime napping following normal night-time sleep on physical performance in physically active individuals and athletes. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, SCIELO, and EBSCOhost) were used to search for relevant studies that investigated the impact of daytime napping, following normal night-time sleep, on physical performance in physically active individuals and athletes, published in any language, and available before September 01, 2022. Studies that included assessments of any physical performance measures were included. QualSyst was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS Of 18 selected articles, 15 were of strong quality and 3 were of moderate quality. Compared with no-nap conditions, physically active individuals and athletes who napped experienced an increase in highest distance (effect size [ES] 1.026; p < 0.001) and total distance (ES 0.737; p < 0.001), and a decrease in fatigue index (ES 0.839, p = 0.008) during the 5-m shuttle run test (5MSRT). However, napping yielded no effect on muscle force (ES 0.175; p = 0.267). No effect of napping was found in one study that measured sprint performance and in two studies that measured performance during the 30-s Wingate test. Two of three studies reported an increase in jump performance after napping. Two of three studies reported an increase in repeated sprints after napping. One study reported an increase in upper-body power performance after napping, and napping was beneficial for endurance performance in one of two studies. CONCLUSION Following normal sleep, napping is beneficial for the performance of the 5MSRT, with no significant effect on muscle force. No firm conclusions can be drawn regarding other physical performance measures due to the limited number of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haresh Suppiah
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Matthew Driller
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Boukhris O, Zghal F, Trabelsi K, Suppiah H, Ammar A, Jahrami H, Hsouna H, Abdessalem R, Glenn JM, Chtourou H, Driller M. The impact of a 40-min nap on neuromuscular fatigue profile and recovery following the 5-m shuttle run test. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14052. [PMID: 37803885 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of a 40-min nap opportunity on perceived recovery, exertion, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) following the 5-m shuttle run test (5SRT), after 1 night of normal sleep. In a randomised, counterbalanced, cross-over design, 17 trained men (mean [SD] age 20 [3] years, height 173 [6] cm, body mass 68 [6] kg) performed a 5SRT under two conditions: a 40-min nap opportunity and no-nap condition. After both conditions, electromyography signals during a 5-s isometric knee extension were recorded before and immediately after the 5SRT. Two electrical nerve stimulations at the femoral nerve were measured during and after the MVIC. Force, voluntary activation level, M-wave amplitudes, potentiated twitch, and electromyography signals (root mean square) were measured during each MVIC. Perceived exertion was recorded after each repetition of the test and perceived recovery was determined after the end of the MVIC. Compared to the no-nap condition, the 40-min nap resulted in significant enhancements in both the highest distance (p < 0.01, Δ = +7.6%) and total distance (p < 0.01, Δ = +7.5%). Before and after exercise, values for MVIC, root mean square, M-wave amplitudes, and voluntary activation level were improved after the 40-min nap opportunity compared to no-nap condition (all p ≤ 0.01). Values for perceived exertion and recovery were improved after the 40-min nap opportunity in comparison with no-nap condition (p ≤ 0.01). A 40-min nap opportunity improved repeated high-intensity short-term maximal performance, perceived recovery, associated neuromuscular responses, and reduced perceived fatigue. Therefore, our findings suggest that central and peripheral processes are involved in the improvements of 5SRT performance after napping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Firas Zghal
- Côte d'Azur University, LAMHESS, Nice, France
- University of Reunion, IRISSE, Le Tampon, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haresh Suppiah
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Neurotrack Technologies, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Matthew Driller
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mezghani N, Ammar A, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, Boujelbane MA, Ben Ayed R, Alzahrani TM, Hadadi A, Abid R, Ouergui I, Glenn JM, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H. The Impact of Wearing Different Face Masks on Vigorous Physical Exercise Performance and Perceived Exertion among COVID-19 Infected vs. Uninfected Female Students. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2709-2723. [PMID: 37998077 PMCID: PMC10670499 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Under certain circumstances, masks are an effective and immediate solution to reduce the spread of viral infection. However, the impact of masks on the ability to perform vigorous exercise remains an area of concern. Primarily, this impact has been explored in healthy subjects, yielding contradictory findings, and little is known of it among COVID-19-infected individuals. This study examined the effects of surgical masks, N-95 masks, and unmasked conditions on the performance and perceived exertion (RPE) of infected vs. non-infected young women during high-intensity, repeated sprint exercise (5mSRT). Following a familiarization session, eighty-three (42 COVID-19-previously infected (PIG) and 43 non-infected (NIG)), female participants (age 20.02 ± 1.05 years, BMI 21.07 ± 2.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of three mask conditions: unmasked, surgical mask, or N95 mask. All participants attended three test sessions (i.e., one session for each mask condition) at least one week apart. At the beginning of each test session, data related to participants' physical activity (PA) and sleep behaviours during the previous week were collected. In each test session, participants performed the 5mSRT, during which performance indicators (best distance (BD), total distance (TD), fatigue index (FI) and percentage decrement (PD)) were collected, along with RPE. ANOVA indicated no significant main effects of Groups and Masks, and no significant interaction for Groups × Masks for BD, FI, PD, RPE and most sleep and PA behaviours (p > 0.05). For TD, the Groups × Mask interaction was significant (p = 0.031 and ƞp2 = 0.042). Posthoc analysis revealed, in the unmasked condition, there was no difference in TD between PIG and NIG (p > 0.05). However, when wearing a surgical mask, PIG covered lower TD compared to NIG (p < 0.05). Additionally, different types of masks did not affect TD in NIG, while PIG performed the worst using the surgical mask (p < 0.05). These results suggest post-COVID-19 individuals can maintain physical fitness through regular exercise (i.e., sport science curricula) in unmasked conditions, but not when wearing a surgical mask. Furthermore, the impact of different types of face masks on physical performance seems to be minimal, particularly in uninfected populations; future research is warranted to further explore this impact in post-COVID conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhen Mezghani
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.); (T.M.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 39200 Nanterre, France
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Omar Boukhris
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Rayda Ben Ayed
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage-Tunis, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, El Mahrajène 1082, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, B.P. 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Turki Mohsen Alzahrani
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.); (T.M.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Atyh Hadadi
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Education, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.); (T.M.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Rihab Abid
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef 7100, Tunisia;
- Research Unit, Sports Science, Health and Movement, University of Jendouba, El Kef 7100, Tunisia
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.M.); (K.T.); (H.C.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
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LaGoy AD, Kubala AG, Deering S, Germain A, Markwald RR. Dawn of a New Dawn: Advances in Sleep Health to Optimize Performance. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:361-371. [PMID: 37532375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimal sleep health is a critical component to high-level performance. In populations such as the military, public service (eg, firefighters), and health care, achieving optimal sleep health is difficult and subsequently deficiencies in sleep health may lead to performance decrements. However, advances in sleep monitoring technologies and mitigation strategies for poor sleep health show promise for further ecological scientific investigation within these populations. The current review briefly outlines the relationship between sleep health and performance as well as current advances in behavioral and technological approaches to improving sleep health for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice D LaGoy
- Sleep, Tactical Efficiency, and Endurance Laboratory, Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Leidos, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G Kubala
- Sleep, Tactical Efficiency, and Endurance Laboratory, Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Leidos, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sean Deering
- Sleep, Tactical Efficiency, and Endurance Laboratory, Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Leidos, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel R Markwald
- Sleep, Tactical Efficiency, and Endurance Laboratory, Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA.
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Li L, Zhang Q, Zhu L, Zeng G, Huang H, Zhuge J, Kuang X, Yang S, Yang D, Chen Z, Gan Y, Lu Z, Wu C. Daytime naps and depression risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1051128. [PMID: 36591028 PMCID: PMC9798209 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between daytime napping and depression remains debatable. Thus, a meta-analysis in this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between daytime napping and depression. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched up to February 2022, and the reference lists of the included studies were also retrieved. A random-effects model was used to estimate the combined effect size. Results Nine studies with 649,111 participants were included in the final analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.31) with a significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 91.3%, P for heterogeneity <0.001), and the results demonstrated an increased risk of depressive symptoms among daytime nappers. Visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger's and Begg's tests identified no obvious evidence of publication bias. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates that daytime naps are a predictor of depression. The effects of daytime napping on depression may vary depending on the characteristics of people, the pattern of naps, and the individual's sleep experience. The findings may have significant implications for future research on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- Department of Health Management Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Zhuge
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaorui Kuang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sule Yang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Di Yang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Chen
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Gan
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Chunmei Wu
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Kong L, Cui Y, Gong Q. Duration of Daytime Napping Is Related to Physical Fitness among Chinese University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15250. [PMID: 36429967 PMCID: PMC9690701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reportedly, daytime napping affects the physical fitness of athletes. However, results of these studies are conflicting, and may not be generalizable to all populations. Early adulthood is an important period linking adolescents and adults, during which building good physical fitness is crucial for their remaining lives. Thus, we investigated whether daytime napping duration is associated with physical fitness among Chinese university students. This study was based on an annual physical health examination for all university students and included 11,199 participants (6690 males; 4509 females). The daytime napping duration was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Physical fitness was measured with a 50 m sprint; 1000 m (for males) and 800 m (for females) runs; standing long jump, sit-and-reach, pull-up (for males), and sit-up (for females) tests; and vital capacity. The adjusted association was evaluated using analysis of covariance. Of the participants, 86% napped regularly. After covariate adjustment was performed, significant V-shaped associations were observed between the daytime napping duration and the 50 m sprint and 800 m run results in males and females. Inverted V-shaped associations were observed between the daytime napping duration and the sit-and-reach, standing long jump, and pull-up test performances and vital capacity in males and between the daytime napping duration and the standing long jump test performance in females. Daytime napping for <30 min may have beneficial effects on physical fitness among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Kong
- Department of Physical Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yufei Cui
- Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 9808575, Japan
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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Yagin FH, Eken Ö, Bayer R, Salcman V, Gabrys T, Koç H, Yagin B, Eken İ. A Thirty-Minute Nap Enhances Performance in Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Tests during and after Ramadan Observance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14699. [PMID: 36429417 PMCID: PMC9690990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a 30 min nap (N30) on the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) both during and after Ramadan. Ten physically active kickboxers (age: 21.20 ± 1.61 years, height: 174.80 ± 4.34 cm, body mass: 73.30 ± 7.10 kg and body mass index (BMI): 24.00 ± 2.21 kg/m2) voluntarily performed the RAST test after an N30 and in a no-nap condition (NN) during two experimental periods: the last ten days of Ramadan (DR) and ∼3 weeks after Ramadan (AR). During each DR-NN, DR-N30, AR-NN and AR-N30 protocol, kickboxers performed RAST performance. A statistically significant difference was found between Ramadan periods (DR vs. AR) in terms of max power (W) (F = 80.93; p1 < 0.001; η2p = 0.89), minimum power (W) (F = 49.05; p1 < 0.001; η2p = 0.84), average power (W) (F = 83.79; p1 < 0.001; η2p = 0.90) and fatigue index (%) results (F = 11.25; p1 = 0.008; η2p = 0.55). In addition, the nap factor was statistically significant in terms of the max power (W) (F = 81.89; p2 < 0.001; η2p = 0.90), minimum power (W) (F = 80.37; p2 < 0.001; η2p = 0.89), average power (W) (F = 108.41; p2 < 0.001; η2p = 0.92) and fatigue index (%) results (F = 16.14; p2 = 0.003; η2p = 0.64). Taking a daytime nap benefits subsequent performance in RAST. The benefits of napping were greater after an N30 opportunity for DR and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bayer
- Department of Gerontology, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Vaclav Salcman
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Gabrys
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Hürmüz Koç
- Department of Movement and Training Sciences, Faculty of Education, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Burak Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
| | - İsmihan Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey
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