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Zhong P, Bai L, Hong M, Ouyang J, Wang R, Zhang X, Chen P. A Comprehensive Review on Circulating cfRNA in Plasma: Implications for Disease Diagnosis and Beyond. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1045. [PMID: 38786343 PMCID: PMC11119755 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating cfRNA in plasma has emerged as a fascinating area of research with potential applications in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized medicine. Circulating RNA sequencing technology allows for the non-invasive collection of important information about the expression of target genes, eliminating the need for biopsies. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge and advancements in the study of plasma cfRNA, focusing on its diverse landscape and biological functions, detection methods, its diagnostic and prognostic potential in various diseases, challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqiang Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengzhi Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Li W, Lv Y, Sun Y. Roles of non-coding RNA in megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis: new target therapies in ITP. Platelets 2023; 34:2157382. [PMID: 36550091 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2157382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules that cannot encode proteins, and a better understanding of the complex interaction networks coordinated by ncRNAs will provide a theoretical basis for the development of therapeutics targeting the regulatory effects of ncRNAs. Platelets are produced upon the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into megakaryocytes, 1011 per day, and are renewed every 8-9 days. The process of thrombopoiesis is affected by multiple factors, in which ncRNAs also exert a significant regulatory role. This article reviewed the regulatory roles of ncRNAs, mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), circRNAs (circular RNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in thrombopoiesis in recent years as well as their roles in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuquan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Lv
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yeying Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Cines DB. Pathogenesis of refractory ITP: Overview. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:10-16. [PMID: 37735546 PMCID: PMC10539016 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A subset of individuals with 'primary' or 'idiopathic' immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who fail to respond to conventional first- and second-line agents or who lose responsiveness are considered to have 'refractory' disease (rITP), placing them at increased risk of bleeding and complications of intensive treatment. However, the criteria used to define the refractory state vary among studies, which complicates research and clinical investigation. Moreover, it is unclear whether rITP is simply 'more severe' ITP, or if there are specific pathogenic pathways that are more likely to result in refractory disease, and whether the presence or development of rITP can be established or anticipated based on these differences. This paper reviews potential biological features that may be associated with rITP, including genetic and epigenetic risk factors, dysregulation of T cells and cytokine networks, antibody affinity and specificity, activation of complement, impaired platelet production and alterations in platelet viability and clearance. These findings indicate the need for longitudinal studies using novel clinically available methodologies to identify and monitor pathogenic T cells, platelet antibodies and other clues to the development of refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Cines
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman-University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman-University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tan JH, Ahmad Azahari AHS, Ali A, Ismail NAS. Scoping Review on Epigenetic Mechanisms in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:555. [PMID: 36980827 PMCID: PMC10048672 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune blood disorder that involves multiple pathways responsible for the homeostasis of the immune system. Numerous pieces of literature have proposed the potential of immune-related genes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which mostly implicate the role of B cells and T cells in the pathogenesis of ITP. However, a more in-depth understanding is required of how these immune-related genes are regulated. Thus, this scoping review aims to collate evidence and further elucidate each possible epigenetics mechanism in the regulation of immunological pathways pertinent to the pathogenesis of ITP. This encompasses DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. A total of 41 studies were scrutinized to further clarify how each of the epigenetics mechanisms is related to the pathogenesis of ITP. Identifying epigenetics mechanisms will provide a new paradigm that may assist in the diagnosis and treatment of immune thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong Tan
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hazim Syakir Ahmad Azahari
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Research Centre, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Research Centre, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Ye H, Sun A, Xiao W, Zhang T, Xu Z, Shi L, Sha X, Yang H. Differential Circular RNA Expression Profiling of Orbital Connective Tissue From Patients With Type I and Type II Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:27. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.12.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Te Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao Y, Cui S, Wang Y, Xu R. The Extensive Regulation of MicroRNA in Immune Thrombocytopenia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221093595. [PMID: 35536600 PMCID: PMC9096216 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221093595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecule that plays
a variety of key roles in different biological processes through
post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNA has been proved to be
a variety of cellular processes involved in development, differentiation, signal
transduction, and is an important regulator of immune and autoimmune diseases.
Therefore, it may act as potent modulators of the immune system and play an
important role in the development of several autoimmune diseases. Immune
thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by a low
platelet count. Several studies suggest that like other autoimmune disorders,
miRNAs are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of ITP, interacting with the
function of innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we discuss
emerging knowledge about the function of miRNAs in ITP and describe miRNAs in
terms of their role in the immune system and autoimmune response. These findings
suggest that miRNA may be a useful therapeutic target for ITP by regulating the
immune system. In the future, we need to have a more comprehensive understanding
of miRNAs and how they regulate the immune system of patients with ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Zhao
- 74738Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Institute of Hematology, 74738Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Institute of Hematology, 74738Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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