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Jahangiri L, Pucci P, Ishola T, Pereira J, Cavanagh ML, Turner SD. Deep analysis of neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitries using online databases and integrated bioinformatics shows their pan-cancer roles as prognostic predictors. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:56. [PMID: 35201514 PMCID: PMC8777518 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous childhood cancer derived from the neural crest. The dual cell identities of neuroblastoma include Mesenchymal (MES) and Adrenergic (ADRN). These identities are conferred by a small set of tightly-regulated transcription factors (TFs) binding super enhancers, collectively forming core regulatory circuitries (CRCs). The purpose of this study was to gain a deep understanding of the role of MES and ADRN TFs in neuroblastoma and other cancers as potential indicators of disease prognosis, progression, and relapse. METHODS To that end, we first investigated the expression and mutational profile of MES and ADRN TFs in neuroblastoma. Moreover, we established their correlation with neuroblastoma risk groups and overall survival while establishing their extended networks with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Furthermore, we analysed the pan-cancer expression and mutational profile of these TFs and their correlation with patient survival and finally their network connectivity, using a panel of bioinformatic tools including GEPIA2, human pathology atlas, TIMER2, Omicsnet, and Cytoscape. RESULTS We show the association of multiple MES and ADRN TFs with neuroblastoma risk groups and overall survival and find significantly higher expression of various MES and ADRN TFs compared to normal tissues and their association with overall survival and disease-free survival in multiple cancers. Moreover, we report the strong correlation of the expression of these TFs with the infiltration of stromal and immune cells in the tumour microenvironment and with stemness and metastasis-related genes. Furthermore, we reveal extended pan-cancer networks comprising these TFs that influence the tumour microenvironment and metastasis and may be useful indicators of cancer prognosis and patient survival. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows the significance of MES and ADRN TFs as indicators of patient prognosis and the putative utility of these TFs as potential novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Perla Pucci
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tala Ishola
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joao Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Megan L. Cavanagh
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Suzanne D. Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Zhang D, Wang G, Qin L, Liu Q, Zhu S, Ye S, Li X, Wu Y, Hu Y, Liu S, Jiao Y, Sun L, Lv D, Ma J, Luo M, Yao M, Li M, Zhou L, Pei S, Li L, Shi D, Huang B. Restoring mammary gland structures and functions with autogenous cell therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121075. [PMID: 34428734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In somatic cell reprogramming, cells must escape the somatic cell-specific gene expression program to adopt other cell fates. Here, in vitro chemical induction with RepSox generated chemically induced mammary epithelial cells (CiMECs) with milk secreting functions from goat ear fibroblasts (GEFs). Transplanted CiMECs regenerated the normal mammary gland structure with milk-secreting functions in nude mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that during the reprogramming process, GEFs may sequentially undergo embryonic ectoderm (EE)-like and different MEC developmental states and finally achieve milk secreting functions, bypassing the pluripotent state. Mechanistically, Smad3 upregulation induced by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor 1 (TGFβR1) downregulation led to GEF reprogramming into CiMECs without other reprogramming factors. The TGFβR1-Smad3 regulatory effects will provide new insight into the TGFβ signaling pathway regulation of somatic cell reprogramming. These findings suggest an innovative strategy for autogenous cell therapy for mammary gland defects and the production of transgenic mammary gland bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Liangshan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Quanhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Shaoqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yafei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Longfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Danwei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jiawen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Man Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Mengcheng Yao
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Mengmei Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Surui Pei
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Lanyu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
| | - Ben Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China; School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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Zerti D, Molina MM, Dorgau B, Mearns S, Bauer R, Al-Aama J, Lako M. IGFBPs mediate IGF-1's functions in retinal lamination and photoreceptor development during pluripotent stem cell differentiation to retinal organoids. Stem Cells 2021; 39:458-466. [PMID: 33442906 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of the retina is regulated by growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1/2), which coordinate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of the neuroepithelial precursors cells. In the circulation, IGF-1/2 are transported by the insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) family members. IGFBPs can impact positively and negatively on IGF-1, by making it available or sequestering IGF-1 to or from its receptor. In this study, we investigated the expression of IGFBPs and their role in the generation of human retinal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells, showing a dynamic expression pattern suggestive of different IGFBPs being used in a stage-specific manner to mediate IGF-1 functions. Our data show that IGF-1 addition to culture media facilitated the generation of retinal organoids displaying the typical laminated structure and photoreceptor maturation. The organoids cultured in the absence of IGF-1, lacked the typical laminated structure at the early stages of differentiation and contained significantly less photoreceptors and more retinal ganglion cells at the later stages of differentiation, confirming the positive effects of IGF-1 on retinal lamination and photoreceptor development. The organoids cultured with the IGFBP inhibitor (NBI-31772) and IGF-1 showed lack of retinal lamination at the early stages of differentiation, an increased propensity to generate horizontal cells at mid-stages of differentiation and reduced photoreceptor development at the later stages of differentiation. Together these data suggest that IGFBPs enable IGF-1's role in retinal lamination and photoreceptor development in a stage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Zerti
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Microscopy Centre and Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marina Moya Molina
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Birthe Dorgau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Mearns
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roman Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jumana Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Cui YL, Yu XN, Zhang X, Tang YL, Tang XJ, Yang H, Ping XY, Wu J, Yin QC, Zhou JY, Xu XY, Shentu XC. Association of IGF1R polymorphisms (rs1546713) with susceptibility to age-related cataract in a Han Chinese population. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:374-381. [PMID: 32309172 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the susceptible association between the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and age-related cataract (ARC), and investigate the underlying mechanisms in human lens epithelium (HLE) cells. METHODS Totally 1190 unrelated participants, comprising 690 ARC patients and 500 healthy individuals in Han Chinese population were recruited and genotyped for target SNP. The χ 2-test was used to detect genotypic distribution between the patient and control groups and the logistic regression was performed to adjust the age and gender. Meanwhile, different biological experimental methods, such as cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and Western blot, were used to detect cell viability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in HLE cells or IGF1R knockdown HLE cells. RESULTS The rs1546713 in IGF1R gene was identified (P=0.046, OR: 1.606, 95%CI: 1.245-2.071), which shown a significant relevance with ARC risk under the dominant model. The results demonstrated that IGF1R knockdown inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrested at S phase and promoting apoptosis. Mechanistically, the cell cycle blocked at S phase was linked with the alterations of cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin E and P21. The pro-apoptosis function of IGF1R may related with stimulating the activation of Caspase-3 and altering the expression levels of apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3. CONCLUSION This study first report that IGF1R polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to ARCs in Han Chinese population and provide new clues to understand the pathogenic mechanism of ARCs. Notably, IGF1R is likely a potential target for ARC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Cui
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Yu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ye-Lei Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia-Jing Tang
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Ping
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Chuan Yin
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Yue Zhou
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia-Yan Xu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing-Chao Shentu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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5
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Chen Y, He Z, Chen G, Liu M, Wang H. Prenatal glucocorticoids exposure and fetal adrenal developmental programming. Toxicology 2019; 428:152308. [PMID: 31614174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, we apply synthetic glucocorticoids to treat fetal and maternal diseases, such as premature labor and autoimmune diseases. Although its clinical efficacy is positive, the fetus will be exposed to exogenous synthetic glucocorticoids. Prenatal adverse environments (such as xenobiotics exposure, malnutrition, infection, hypoxia and stress) can cause fetuses overexposure to excessive endogenous maternal glucocorticoids. The level of glucocorticoids is the key to fetal tissue maturation and postnatal fate. A large number of studies have found that prenatal glucocorticoids exposure can lead to fetal adrenal dysplasia and dysfunction, continuing after birth and even into adulthood. As the core organ of fetal-originated adult diseases, fetal adrenal dysplasia is closely related to the susceptibility and occurrence of multiple chronic diseases, and there are also obvious gender differences. However, its intrauterine programming mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes recent advances in prenatal glucocorticoids exposure and fetal adrenal developmental programming alterations, which is of great significance for explaining adrenal developmental toxicity and the intrauterine origin of fetal-originated adult diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng He
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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6
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Lecomte MJ, Bertolus C, Ramanantsoa N, Saurini F, Callebert J, Sénamaud-Beaufort C, Ringot M, Bourgeois T, Matrot B, Collet C, Nardelli J, Mallet J, Vodjdani G, Gallego J, Launay JM, Berrard S. Acetylcholine Modulates the Hormones of the Growth Hormone/Insulinlike Growth Factor-1 Axis During Development in Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1844-1859. [PMID: 29509880 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary growth hormone (GH) and insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-1 are anabolic hormones whose physiological roles are particularly important during development. The activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis is controlled by complex neuroendocrine systems including two hypothalamic neuropeptides, GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF), and a gastrointestinal hormone, ghrelin. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in tuning GH secretion, and its GH-stimulatory action has mainly been shown in adults but is not clearly documented during development. ACh, together with these hormones and their receptors, is expressed before birth, and somatotroph cells are already responsive to GHRH, SRIF, and ghrelin. We thus hypothesized that ACh could contribute to the modulation of the main components of the somatotropic axis during development. In this study, we generated a choline acetyltransferase knockout mouse line and showed that heterozygous mice display a transient deficit in ACh from embryonic day 18.5 to postnatal day 10, and they recover normal ACh levels from the second postnatal week. This developmental ACh deficiency had no major impact on weight gain and cardiorespiratory status of newborn mice. Using this mouse model, we found that endogenous ACh levels determined the concentrations of circulating GH and IGF-1 at embryonic and postnatal stages. In particular, serum GH level was correlated with brain ACh content. ACh also modulated the levels of GHRH and SRIF in the hypothalamus and ghrelin in the stomach, and it affected the levels of these hormones in the circulation. This study identifies ACh as a potential regulator of the somatotropic axis during the developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Lecomte
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Bertolus
- Département de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Nélina Ramanantsoa
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Saurini
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- U942-Inserm, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Maud Ringot
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeois
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Boris Matrot
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- U1132-Inserm, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jeannette Nardelli
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Mallet
- UMRS1127-CNRS, Inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Guilan Vodjdani
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Gallego
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- U942-Inserm, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Berrard
- PROTECT UMR1141-Inserm, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
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Mellough CB, Collin J, Khazim M, White K, Sernagor E, Steel DHW, Lako M. IGF-1 Signaling Plays an Important Role in the Formation of Three-Dimensional Laminated Neural Retina and Other Ocular Structures From Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2416-30. [PMID: 25827910 PMCID: PMC4691326 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We and others have previously demonstrated that retinal cells can be derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells under defined culture conditions. While both cell types can give rise to retinal derivatives in the absence of inductive cues, this requires extended culture periods and gives lower overall yield. Further understanding of this innate differentiation ability, the identification of key factors that drive the differentiation process, and the development of clinically compatible culture conditions to reproducibly generate functional neural retina is an important goal for clinical cell based therapies. We now report that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can orchestrate the formation of three-dimensional ocular-like structures from hESCs which, in addition to retinal pigmented epithelium and neural retina, also contain primitive lens and corneal-like structures. Inhibition of IGF-1 receptor signaling significantly reduces the formation of optic vesicle and optic cups, while exogenous IGF-1 treatment enhances the formation of correctly laminated retinal tissue composed of multiple retinal phenotypes that is reminiscent of the developing vertebrate retina. Most importantly, hESC-derived photoreceptors exhibit advanced maturation features such as the presence of primitive rod- and cone-like photoreceptor inner and outer segments and phototransduction-related functional responses as early as 6.5 weeks of differentiation, making these derivatives promising candidates for cell replacement studies and in vitro disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. Mellough
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Joseph Collin
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud Khazim
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathryn White
- EM Research Services, Newcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Evelyne Sernagor
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - David H. W. Steel
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
- Sunderland Eye InfirmarySunderlandUnited Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
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Abstract
Blindness represents an increasing global problem with significant social and economic impact upon affected patients and society as a whole. In Europe, approximately one in 30 individuals experience sight loss and 75% of those are unemployed, a social burden which is very likely to increase as the population of Europe ages. Diseases affecting the retina account for approximately 26% of blindness globally and 70% of blindness in the United Kingdom. To date, there are no treatments to restore lost retinal cells and improve visual function, highlighting an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. A pioneering breakthrough has demonstrated the ability to generate synthetic retina from pluripotent stem cells under laboratory conditions, a finding with immense relevance for basic research, in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell replacement therapies. This review summarizes the current achievements in pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward retinal cells and highlights the steps that need to be completed in order to generate human synthetic retinae with high efficiency and reproducibly from patient-specific pluripotent stem cells.
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9
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Jiang M, Stanke J, Lahti JM. The connections between neural crest development and neuroblastoma. Curr Top Dev Biol 2011; 94:77-127. [PMID: 21295685 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380916-2.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, is an extremely heterogeneous disease both biologically and clinically. Although significant progress has been made in identifying molecular and genetic markers for NB, this disease remains an enigmatic challenge. Since NB is thought to be an embryonal tumor that is derived from precursor cells of the peripheral (sympathetic) nervous system, understanding the development of normal sympathetic nervous system may highlight abnormal events that contribute to NB initiation. Therefore, this review focuses on the development of the peripheral trunk neural crest, the current understanding of how developmental factors may contribute to NB and on recent advances in the identification of important genetic lesions and signaling pathways involved in NB tumorigenesis and metastasis. Finally, we discuss how future advances in identification of molecular alterations in NB may lead to more effective, less toxic therapies, and improve the prognosis for NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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