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Lin X, Chen C, Chen J, Zhu C, Zhang J, Su R, Chen S, Weng S, Chang X, Lin S, Chen Y, Li J, Lin L, Zhou J, Guo Z, Yu G, Shao W, Hu H, Wu S, Zhang Q, Li H, Zheng F. Long Noncoding RNA NR_030777 Alleviates Cobalt Nanoparticles-Induced Neurodegenerative Damage by Promoting Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39197041 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Potential exposure to cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) occurs in various fields, including hard alloy industrial production, the increasing use of new energy lithium-ion batteries, and millions of patients with metal-on-metal joint prostheses. Evidence from human, animal, and in vitro experiments suggests a close relationship between CoNPs and neurotoxicity. However, a systematic assessment of central nervous system (CNS) impairment due to CoNPs exposure and the underlying molecular mechanisms is lacking. In this study, we found that CoNPs induced neurodegenerative damage both in vivo and in vitro, including cognitive impairment, β-amyloid deposition and Tau hyperphosphorylation. CoNPs promoted the formation of autophagosomes and impeding autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion in vivo and in vitro, leading to toxic protein accumulation. Moreover, CoNPs exposure reduced the level of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and the abundance of lysosome, causing a blockage in autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion. Interestingly, overexpression of long noncoding RNA NR_030777 mitigated CoNPs-induced neurodegenerative damage in both in vivo and in vitro models. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay revealed that NR_030777 directly binds and stabilizes TFEB mRNA, alleviating the blockage of autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion and ultimately restoring neurodegeneration induced by CoNPs in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our study demonstrates that autophagic dysfunction is the main toxic mechanism of neurodegeneration upon CoNPs exposure and NR_030777 plays a crucial role in CoNPs-induced autophagic dysfunction. Additionally, the proposed adverse outcome pathway contributes to a better understanding of CNS toxicity assessment of CoNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Canlin Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Ruiqi Su
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Shujia Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Shucan Weng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Xiangyu Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Shengsong Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Jinfu Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350001, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, China
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Xu G, Chai S, Zhang R, Chen M, Fan X, Zhang Y, Cai C, Ge RL. The contribution and mechanism of hypoxia/USP19/Beclin-1 feed-forward loop in cervical cancer. Biophys J 2024; 123:1722-1734. [PMID: 38773770 PMCID: PMC11213994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks fourth in female mortality. Since the mechanisms for pathogenesis of cervical cancer are still poorly understood, the effective treatment options are lacking. Beclin-1 exhibits an inhibitory role in cervical cancer via suppressing the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cervical cancer cells. It is reported that USP19 removes the K11-linked ubiquitination of Beclin-1 to protect Beclin-1 from proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, we found that hypoxia induced a significant decrease of both Beclin-1 and USP19, suggesting that hypoxia could dually inhibit the protein level of Beclin-1 through a type 2 coherent feed-forward loop (C2-FFL, hypoxia ⊸ Beclin-1 integrating with hypoxia ⊸ USP19 → Beclin-1) to promote the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Furthermore, mathematical modeling revealed that under the hypoxic environment of solid tumor, the hypoxia/USP19/Beclin-1 coherent feed-forward loop could significantly reduce the protein level of Beclin-1, greatly enhance the sensitivity of Beclin-1 to hypoxia, strikingly restrict the heterogeneity of Beclin-1, and contribute to the low positive rate of Beclin-1 in cervical cancer. It is expected to have significance for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the occurrence and development of cervical cancer and to provide novel targets and strategies for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocai Xu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Shengjun Chai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Meiqi Chen
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Basic Medical Department, School of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Fan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Basic Medical Department, School of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Cai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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Tang J, Zheng F, Liu X, Li Y, Guo Z, Lin X, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Yu G, Hu H, Shao W, Wu S, Li H. Cobalt induces neurodegeneration through FTO-triggered autophagy impairment by targeting TSC1 in an m 6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131354. [PMID: 37054644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt is the most widely used heavy metal pollutant in medicine and industry. Excessive cobalt exposure can adversely affect human health. Neurodegenerative symptoms have been observed in cobalt-exposed populations; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) mediates cobalt-induced neurodegeneration by impairing autophagic flux. Cobalt-induced neurodegeneration was exacerbated through FTO genetic knockdown or repression of demethylase activity, but was alleviated by FTO overexpression. Mechanistically, we showed that FTO regulates TSC1/2-mTOR signaling pathway by targeting TSC1 mRNA stability in an m6A-YTHDF2 manner, which resulted in autophagosome accumulation. Furthermore, FTO decreases lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2) to inhibit the integration of autophagosomes and lysosomes, leading to autophagic flux damage. In vivo experiments further identified that central nervous system (CNS)-Fto-specific knockout resulted in serious neurobehavioral and pathological damage as well as TSC1-related autophagy impairment in cobalt-exposed mice. Interestingly, FTO-regulated autophagy impairment has been confirmed in patients with hip replacement. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into m6A-modulated autophagy through FTO-YTHDF2 targeted TSC1 mRNA stability, revealing cobalt is a novel epigenetic hazard that induces neurodegeneration. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic targets for hip replacement in patients with neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xinpei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jinfu Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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A Perspective on the Link between Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) and Lipid Droplets Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030414. [PMID: 36979106 PMCID: PMC10045954 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through contacts called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), which control several processes, such as the ER stress response, mitochondrial and ER dynamics, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. MAMs represent an important platform for transport of non-vesicular phospholipids and cholesterol. Therefore, this region is highly enriched in proteins involved in lipid metabolism, including the enzymes that catalyze esterification of cholesterol into cholesteryl esters (CE) and synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAG) from fatty acids (FAs), which are then stored in lipid droplets (LDs). LDs, through contact with other organelles, prevent the toxic consequences of accumulation of unesterified (free) lipids, including lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, and serve as lipid reservoirs that can be used under multiple metabolic and physiological conditions. The LDs break down by autophagy releases of stored lipids for energy production and synthesis of membrane components and other macromolecules. Pathological lipid deposition and autophagy disruption have both been reported to occur in several neurodegenerative diseases, supporting that lipid metabolism alterations are major players in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of MAMs structure and function, focusing on their roles in lipid metabolism and the importance of autophagy in LDs metabolism, as well as the changes that occur in neurogenerative diseases.
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Wen QX, Luo B, Xie XY, Zhou GF, Chen J, Song L, Liu Y, Xie SQ, Chen L, Li KY, Xiang XJ, Chen GJ. AP2S1 regulates APP degradation through late endosome-lysosome fusion in cells and APP/PS1 mice. Traffic 2023; 24:20-33. [PMID: 36412210 PMCID: PMC10107530 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AP2S1 is the sigma 2 subunit of adaptor protein 2 (AP2) that is essential for endocytosis. In this study, we investigated the potential role of AP2S1 in intracellular processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) by generating the toxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). We found that knockdown or overexpression of AP2S1 decreased or increased the protein levels of APP and Aβ in cells stably expressing human full-length APP695, respectively. This effect was unrelated to endocytosis but involved lysosomal degradation. Morphological studies revealed that silencing of AP2S1 promoted the translocalization of APP from RAB9-positive late endosomes (LE) to LAMP1-positive lysosomes, which was paralleled by the enhanced LE-lysosome fusion. In support, silencing of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 (VPS41) that is implicated in LE-lyso fusion prevented AP2S1-mediated regulation of APP degradation and translocalization. In APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD, AAV-mediated delivery of AP2S1 shRNA in the hippocampus significantly reduced the protein levels of APP and Aβ, with the concomitant APP translocalization, LE-lyso fusion and the improved cognitive functions. Taken together, these data uncover a LE-lyso fusion mechanism in APP degradation and suggest a novel role for AP2S1 in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cheng X, Wei Y, Qian Z, Han L. Autophagy Balances Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1537-1549. [PMID: 35960407 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly evolutionary conserved process that degrades cytosolic macromolecules or damaged organelles (e.g., mitochondria), as well as intracellular pathogens for energy and survival. Dysfunction of autophagy has been associated with the pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Recently, the presence of sustained immune response in the brain has been considered a new core pathology in AD. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy activation may suppress inflammation response through degrading inflammasomes or pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving immune system function in both clinical trials and preclinical studies. This review provides an overview of updated information on autophagy and inflammation and their potential mediators in AD. In summary, we believe that understanding the relationship between autophagy and inflammation will provide insightful knowledge for future therapeutic implications in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Cheng
- Department of TCM Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wei
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals CoLtd., Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Qian
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Department of TCM Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Xiong W, Cai J, Li R, Wen C, Tan H. Rare Variant Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation in Alzheimer’s Disease Identifies Exonic Variants in FLG. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 35627223 PMCID: PMC9141140 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although an increasing number of common variants contributing to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are uncovered by genome-wide association studies, they can only explain less than half of the heritability of AD. Rare variant association studies (RVAS) has become an increasingly important area to explain the risk or trait variability of AD. Method: To investigate the potential rare variants that cause AD, we screened 70,209 rare variants from two cohorts of a 175 AD cohort and a 214 cognitively normal cohort from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. MIRARE, a novel RVAS method, was performed on 232 non-synonymous variants selected by ANNOVAR annotation. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were adopted to verify the interaction between the chosen functional variants and BACE1. Results: MIRAGE analysis revealed significant associations between AD and six potential pathogenic genes, including PREX2, FLG, DHX16, NID2, ZnF585B and ZnF875. Only interactions between FLG (including wild type and rs3120654(SER742TYR)) and BACE1 were verified by molecular docking and MD simulation. The interaction of FLG(SER742TYR) with BACE1 was greater than that of wildtype FLG with BACE1. Conclusions: According to the literature search, bio-informatics analysis, and molecular docking and MD simulation, we find non-synonymous rare variants in six genes, especially FLG(rs3120654), that may play key roles in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixue Xiong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Jiahui Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Ruijia Li
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China;
| | - Canhong Wen
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Haizhu Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
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Prerna K, Dubey VK. Beclin1-mediated interplay between autophagy and apoptosis: New understanding. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:258-273. [PMID: 35143849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The definition for autophagy holds a 'single' meaning as a conserved cellular process that constitutes a recycling pathway for damaged organelles and long-lived proteins to maintain nutrient homeostasis and mediate quality control within the cell. But this process of autophagy may behave ambiguously depending on the physiological stress as the stress progresses in the cellular microenvironment; the 'single' meaning of the autophagy changes from the 'cytoplasmic turnover process' to 'tumor suppressive' and a farther extent, 'tumor promoter' process. In a tumorigenic state, the chemotherapy-mediated resistance and intolerance due to upregulated autophagy in cancer cells have become a significant concern. This concern has provided insight to the scientific community to enter into the arena of cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis. Recent findings and ongoing research have provided insights on some of the key regulators of this cross-talk; one of them is Beclin1 and their involvement in the physiological and the pathophysiological processes; however, reconciliation of these two forms of death remains an arena to be explored extensively. This review sheds light on the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis, emphasizing one of the key players, Beclin1, and its importance in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Prerna
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, UP-221005, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
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9
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Han X, Wang C, Song L, Wang X, Tang S, Hou T, Liu C, Liang X, Qiu C, Wang Y, Du Y. KIBRA regulates amyloid β metabolism by controlling extracellular vesicles secretion. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103980. [PMID: 35367771 PMCID: PMC8983338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has revealed that KIBRA controls secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by inhibiting the proteasomal degradation of Rab27a and EVs play an important role in amyloid β (Aβ) metabolism and transmission during Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here, we further test the hypothesis that KIBRA regulates Aβ metabolism via the endosomal-lysosomal system. Methods We generated KIBRA knockout mice on a 5XFAD background and KIBRA knockdown cells in murine HT22 cells with stably overexpressing APP. Various forms of Aβ and quantification of EVs were analyzed by biochemical methods and nanoparticle tracking analysis, respectively. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) were visualized by electron microscopy and confocal fluorescent microscopy. In a population-based cohort (n = 1419), KIBRA genotypes and plasma Aβ levels were analyzed using multiple-PCR amplification and Simoa, respectively. Findings Multiple forms of Aβ were dramatically attenuated in KIBRA knockout mouse brain, including monomers, oligomers, and extracellular deposition, but KIBRA knockout had no effect on intraneuronal APP C-terminal fragment β (APP-CTFβ)/Aβ levels. KIBRA depletion also decreased APP-CTFβ/Aβ-associated EVs secretion and subsequently enhanced MVBs number. Furthermore, we found that excessive accumulation of MVBs harboring APP-CTFβ/Aβ promoted the MVBs-lysosome fusion for degradation and inhibition of lysosomal function rescued secretion of APP-CTFβ/Aβ-associated EVs. More importantly, whole exon sequencing of KIBRA in a large population-based cohort identified the association of KIBRA rs28421695 polymorphism with plasma Aβ levels. Interpretation These results demonstrate that KIBRA regulates Aβ metabolism via controlling the secretion of APP-CTFβ/Aβ-associated EVs. Funding National Key R&D Program of China, and National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China; Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China; Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China; Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China; Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China; Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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10
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Activation of Non-Canonical Autophagic Pathway through Inhibition of Non-Integrin Laminin Receptor in Neuronal Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030466. [PMID: 35159276 PMCID: PMC8833926 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To fight neurodegenerative diseases, several therapeutic strategies have been proposed that, to date, are either ineffective or at the early preclinical stages. Intracellular protein aggregates represent the cause of about 70% of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, autophagy, i.e., lysosomal degradation of macromolecules, could be employed in this context as a therapeutic strategy. Searching for a compound that stimulates this process led us to the identification of a 37/67kDa laminin receptor inhibitor, NSC48478. We have analysed the effects of this small molecule on the autophagic process in mouse neuronal cells and found that NSC48478 induces the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-I) into the LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II). Interestingly, upon NSC48478 treatment, the contribution of membranes to the autophagic process derived mainly from the non-canonical m-TOR-independent endocytic pathway, involving the Rab proteins that control endocytosis and vesicle recycling. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis suggests that, while the expression of key genes linked to canonical autophagy was unchanged, the main genes related to the positive regulation of endocytosis (pinocytosis and receptor mediated), along with genes regulating vesicle fusion and autolysosomal maturation, were upregulated under NSC48478 conditions. These results strongly suggest that 37/67 kDa inhibitor could be a useful tool for future studies in pathological conditions.
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Briones-Herrera A, Cruz-Ramos E, López-Canovas L, Zepeda-Cervantes J. Protein degradation-associated mechanisms that are affected in Alzheimer´s disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:915-925. [PMID: 35083609 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia associated with age-related neurodegeneration. Alteration of several molecular mechanisms has been correlated with the progression of AD. In recent years, dysregulation of proteostasis-associated pathways has emerged as a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This review investigated the ubiquitin-proteasome system, lysosome-associated degradation, endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation, and the formation of advanced glycation end products. These pathways involved in proteostasis have been reported to be altered in AD, suggesting that their study may be critical for identifying new biomarkers and target molecules for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Apdo. Postal 03100, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Briones-Herrera
- Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Cruz-Ramos
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Apdo. Postal 03100, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lilia López-Canovas
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Apdo. Postal 03100, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Zepeda-Cervantes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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12
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Wang C, Huang W, Lu J, Chen H, Yu Z. TRPV1-Mediated Microglial Autophagy Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Pathology and Cognitive Decline. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:763866. [PMID: 35115924 PMCID: PMC8804218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major regulator of the ageing process of the central nervous system and neurodegeneration. Autophagy dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TRPV1 was reported to regulate autophagy to protect against foam cell formation and reduce the release of inflammatory factors in atherosclerosis. In this study, pharmacological activation of TRPV1 with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin induced autophagy in a TRPV1-dependent manner in both primary microglia and BV2 cells. TRPV1-mediated autophagy regulated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation by controlling the expression of genes required for aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in primary microglia. TRPV1 agonist capsaicin decreased amyloid and phosphorylated tau pathology and reversed memory deficits by promoting microglia activation, metabolism, and autophagy in 3xTg mice. These results indicate that TRPV1 was a potential therapeutic target for AD, which suggests that capsaicin should be further assessed as a possible treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Yu, ; Hongzhuan Chen,
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Yu, ; Hongzhuan Chen,
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13
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Polansky H, Goral B. How an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can cause Alzheimer's disease: the viral and cellular dynamics according to the microcompetition model. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:895-916. [PMID: 34635992 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies observed a link between the herpes smplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Alzheimer's disease. However, the exact viral and cellular dynamics that lead from an HSV-1 infection to Alzheimer's disease are unknown. In this paper, we use the microcompetition model to formulate these dynamics by connecting seemingly unconnected observations reported in the literature. We concentrate on four pathologies characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. First, we explain how an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 during latency can decrease the expression of BECN1/Beclin1, the degradative trafficking protein, which, in turn, can cause a dysregulation of autophagy and Alzheimer's disease. Second, we show how an increase in the copy number of the latent HSV-1 can decrease the expression of many genes important for mitochondrial genome metabolism, respiratory chain, and homeostasis, which can lead to oxidative stress and neuronal damage, resulting in Alzheimer's disease. Third, we describe how an increase in this copy number can reduce the concentration of the NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2b (Grin1 and Grin2b genes), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which can cause an impaired synaptic plasticity, Aβ accumulation and eventually Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we show how an increase in the copy number of HSV-1 in neural stem/progenitor cells in the hippocampus during the latent phase can lead to an abnormal quantity and quality of neurogenesis, and the clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease. Since the current understanding of the dynamics and homeostasis of the HSV-1 reservoir during latency is limited, the proposed model represents only a first step towards a complete understanding of the relationship between the copy number of HSV-1 during latency and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Polansky
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), 3 Germay Dr, Wilmington, DE, 19804, USA.
| | - Benjamin Goral
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD), 3 Germay Dr, Wilmington, DE, 19804, USA
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14
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Wu S, Wei Y, Li J, Bai Y, Yin P, Wang S. SIRT5 Represses Neurotrophic Pathways and Aβ Production in Alzheimer's Disease by Targeting Autophagy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4428-4437. [PMID: 34788008 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in elderly individuals and characterized by impaired cognition and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ). Activating autophagy to clear Aβ is a plausible approach for AD treatment. The levels of Aβ and autophagy signaling factors in APP695/PS1-dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice were detected by immuno histological analysis, real-time PCR, and the western blotting assay. The progression of AD was determined by Aβ levels, activated neurons (MAP2+), and microglia (Iba-1+). The learning ability was measured using a Morris water maze. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were checked to determine oxidative stress. AD mice exhibited impaired autophagy and a decreased level of SIRT5. SIRT5 overexpression promoted autophagy, manifested by elevated Becn1 and ratio of LC3b-II/I, as well as suppressed oxidative stress. The SIRT5-ameliorated neuron damage was correlated with suppressed activation of microglia and astrocytes. Elevated SIRT5 expression decreased the inflammation in AD brains and neurons. Inhibition of autophagy abolished the protective role of SIRT5 in neurons during AD. Our findings suggested that SIRT5 overexpression could ameliorate the progression of AD both in vitro and in vivo through activating autophagy. We presented ectopic expression of SIRT5 as a promising therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Yafen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150036, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
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15
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The Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Type 3 in the Pathogenesis of Human Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010964. [PMID: 34681622 PMCID: PMC8535862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3), the mammalian ortholog of yeast vesicular protein sorting 34 (Vps34), belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PIK3C3 can phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a phospholipid central to autophagy. Inhibition of PIK3C3 successfully inhibits autophagy. Autophagy maintains cell survival when modifications occur in the cellular environment and helps tumor cells resist metabolic stress and cancer treatment. In addition, PIK3C3 could induce oncogenic transformation and enhance tumor cell proliferation, growth, and invasion through mechanisms independent of autophagy. This review addresses the structural and functional features, tissue distribution, and expression pattern of PIK3C3 in a variety of human tumors and highlights the underlying mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. The implications in cancer biology, patient prognosis prediction, and cancer therapy are discussed. Altogether, the discovery of pharmacological inhibitors of PIK3C3 could reveal novel strategies for improving treatment outcomes for PIK3C3-mediated human diseases.
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16
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Bai L, Liu R, Wang R, Xin Y, Wu Z, Ba Y, Zhang H, Cheng X, Zhou G, Huang H. Attenuation of Pb-induced Aβ generation and autophagic dysfunction via activation of SIRT1: Neuroprotective properties of resveratrol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112511. [PMID: 34273848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the neuroprotective properties of resveratrol (Res) and its target sirtuin1 (SIRT1) against lead (Pb)-mediated toxicity and discovered that both resveratrol treatment and SIRT1 overexpression restored blocked autophagic flux as well as reduced β-amyloid (Aβ) contents. Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were employed to consumed 0.2% Pb(Ac)2 solution or deionized water for 3 months followed by 12 months of Res (50 mg/kg BW) or vehicle gavage. In in vitro study, SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 (2 μM) or the inhibitor EX527 (2 μM) for 2 h, then 25 μM of Pb(Ac)2 was added and incubated for 48 h. Western blotting, RT-qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Lyso-Tracker Red Staining were next used to estimate the potential alterations of the autophagic pathway as well as BACE1-mediated amyloid processing in response to Pb exposure, respectively. Our data revealed that Res treatment or SIRT1 activation resisted the induction of autophagy by Pb exposure through inhibition of LC3 and Beclin-1 expression and promoted the degradation of Aβ and Tau phosphorylation. Besides, the SIRT1 activator (SRT1720) downregulated the expression of BACE1, the rate-limiting enzyme for Aβ production, by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in Pb-treated SH-SY5Y cells, which resulted in reduced Aβ production. Collectively, we verified the role of Res-SIRT1-autophagy as well as the SIRT1-NF-κB-BACE1 pathway in Pb-induced neuronal cell injury by in vivo or in vitro models. Our findings further elucidate the important role of SIRT1 and Res in counteracting Pb neurotoxicity, which may provide new interventions and targets for the subsequent treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Rundong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yongjuan Xin
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zuntao Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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Mohamed Asik R, Suganthy N, Aarifa MA, Kumar A, Szigeti K, Mathe D, Gulyás B, Archunan G, Padmanabhan P. Alzheimer's Disease: A Molecular View of β-Amyloid Induced Morbific Events. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091126. [PMID: 34572312 PMCID: PMC8468668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a dynamic peptide of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which accelerates the disease progression. At the cell membrane and cell compartments, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes amyloidogenic cleavage by β- and γ-secretases and engenders the Aβ. In addition, externally produced Aβ gets inside the cells by receptors mediated internalization. An elevated amount of Aβ yields spontaneous aggregation which causes organelles impairment. Aβ stimulates the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein via acceleration by several kinases. Aβ travels to the mitochondria and interacts with its functional complexes, which impairs the mitochondrial function leading to the activation of apoptotic signaling cascade. Aβ disrupts the Ca2+ and protein homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex (GC) that promotes the organelle stress and inhibits its stress recovery machinery such as unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). At lysosome, Aβ precedes autophagy dysfunction upon interacting with autophagy molecules. Interestingly, Aβ act as a transcription regulator as well as inhibits telomerase activity. Both Aβ and p-tau interaction with neuronal and glial receptors elevate the inflammatory molecules and persuade inflammation. Here, we have expounded the Aβ mediated events in the cells and its cosmopolitan role on neurodegeneration, and the current clinical status of anti-amyloid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmohamed Mohamed Asik
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Natarajan Suganthy
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohamed Asik Aarifa
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Mathe
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Center of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
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Intraperitoneal Carbamylated erythropoietin improves memory and hippocampal apoptosis in beta amyloid rat model of Alzheimer’s disease through stimulating autophagy and inhibiting necroptosis. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Luo Y, Zhou S, Haeiwa H, Takeda R, Okazaki K, Sekita M, Yamamoto T, Yamano M, Sakamoto K. Role of amber extract in protecting SHSY5Y cells against amyloid β1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111804. [PMID: 34175817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease. Amyloid β plays a critical role in AD development. Some Chinese traditional medicines, such as the fossilized plant resin, amber, have been applied as mental stabilizers. However, the effects of amber on AD pathogenesis remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the potential of amber extract for treating AD by evaluating its effects on amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ (1-42))-induced neuronal cell death. We measured levels of ROS, Bcl-2, and Bax mRNA, and found that amber extract decreased Aβ (1-42)-induced cell apoptosis via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Amber extract also decreased β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and increased microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3II) and Beclin 1. These findings suggested that amber extract protects neuronal cells against Aβ (1-42)-induced cell apoptosis by upregulating autophagy and downregulating BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Luo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Haruna Haeiwa
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Reiko Takeda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okazaki
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Marie Sekita
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mikio Yamano
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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20
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Sharma A, Flora SJS. Positive and Negative Regulation of Ferroptosis and Its Role in Maintaining Metabolic and Redox Homeostasis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9074206. [PMID: 34007410 PMCID: PMC8102094 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9074206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized regulated form of cell death characterized by accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly lipid hydroperoxides and loss of activity of the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This iron-dependent form of cell death is morphologically, biochemically, and also genetically discrete from other regulated cell death processes, which include autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, and necroptosis. Ferroptosis is defined by three hallmarks, defined as the loss of lipid peroxide repair capacity by GPX4, the bioavailability of redox-active iron, and oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid- (PUFA-) containing phospholipids. Experimentally, it can be induced by many compounds (e.g., erastin, Ras-selective lethal small-molecule 3, and buthionine sulfoximine) and also can be pharmacologically inhibited by iron chelators (e.g., deferoxamine and deferoxamine mesylate) and lipid peroxidation inhibitors (e.g., ferrostatin and liproxstatin). The sensitivity of a cell towards ferroptotic cell death is tightly associated with the metabolism of amino acid, iron, and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and also with the biosynthesis of glutathione, phospholipids, NADPH, and coenzyme Q10. Ferroptosis sensitivity is also governed by many regulatory proteins, which also link ferroptosis to the function of key tumour suppressor pathways. In this review, we highlight the discovery of ferroptosis, the mechanism of ferroptosis regulation, and its association with other cellular metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Post Office Mati, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Post Office Mati, Lucknow 226002, India
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21
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Engin AB, Engin A. Alzheimer's Disease and Protein Kinases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:285-321. [PMID: 33539020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and accounts for more than 60-80% of all cases of dementia. Loss of pyramidal neurons, extracellular amyloid beta (Abeta) accumulated senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles that contain hyperphosphorylated tau constitute the main pathological alterations in AD.Synaptic dysfunction and extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hyperactivation contributes to excitotoxicity in patients with AD. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Abeta promoted neurodegeneration develop through the activation of protein kinase signaling cascade in AD. Furthermore, ultimate neuronal death in AD is under control of protein kinases-related signaling pathways. In this chapter, critical check-points within the cross-talk between neuron and protein kinases have been defined regarding the initiation and progression of AD. In this context, amyloid cascade hypothesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, granulovacuolar degeneration, loss of Wnt signaling, Abeta-related synaptic alterations, prolonged calcium ions overload and NMDAR-related synaptotoxicity, damage signals hypothesis and type-3 diabetes are discussed briefly.In addition to clinical perspective of AD pathology, recommendations that might be effective in the treatment of AD patients have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Mahendran TS, Suresh SN, Garimella L, Manjithaya R. Soluble 4R0N Tau Abrogates Endocytic Vesicular Dynamics. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:537712. [PMID: 33250760 PMCID: PMC7676905 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.537712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregated tau is a hallmark neuropathological feature in numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies aiming to validate aggregated tau pathology as a pathogenic driver of neurodegeneration in correlation to characteristic behavioral phenotypes have had shortcomings. Although studies on soluble tau pathology have effectively addressed these shortcomings, the role of soluble tau in the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegeneration is not yet unequivocally established. In sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), the relevance of soluble tau pathology in endolysosomal dysfunction and autophagic stress, some of the earliest disease manifestations, is unclear. In this study, we report that soluble 4R0N tau overexpression affects the expression levels of certain markers associated with the endolysosomal system and autophagy. Moreover, through live-cell imaging, we found that the vesicular dynamics of early endosomes were affected with respect to spatiotemporal parameters and vesicle maturation. Additionally, we observed the localization of amyloid precursor protein (APP) along the endocytic pathway and found that upon overexpression of soluble 4R0N tau, APP was preferentially localized to the endocytic compartments implicated in the amyloidogenic pathway. Overall, our observations indicate that soluble 4R0N tau abrogates the dynamics of the endolysosomal system, autophagy, and affects the trafficking of APP. Since the amyloidogenic processing of APP occurs during its progression through the endocytic pathway, our results suggest that the generation of amyloid-β (Aβ) might also be modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharun Selvam Mahendran
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - S N Suresh
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Lakshmi Garimella
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.,Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
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23
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Park H, Kang JH, Lee S. Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Hunter for Aggregates. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093369. [PMID: 32397599 PMCID: PMC7247013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have developed elaborate quality-control mechanisms for proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Such quality-control mechanisms are maintained by conformational folding via molecular chaperones and by degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy-lysosome system. Accumulating evidence suggests that impaired autophagy contributes to the accumulation of intracellular inclusion bodies consisting of misfolded proteins, which is a hallmark of most neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, genetic mutations in core autophagy-related genes have been reported to be linked to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Conversely, the pathogenic proteins, such as amyloid β and α-synuclein, are detrimental to the autophagy pathway. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding the relationship between autophagic defects and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and suggest autophagy induction as a promising strategy for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsun Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-9891
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24
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Bustamante HA, Cereceda K, González AE, Valenzuela GE, Cheuquemilla Y, Hernández S, Arias-Muñoz E, Cerda-Troncoso C, Bandau S, Soza A, Kausel G, Kerr B, Mardones GA, Cancino J, Hay RT, Rojas-Fernandez A, Burgos PV. The Proteasomal Deubiquitinating Enzyme PSMD14 Regulates Macroautophagy by Controlling Golgi-to-ER Retrograde Transport. Cells 2020; 9:E777. [PMID: 32210007 PMCID: PMC7140897 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates several biological processes, however the role of specific members of the ubiquitinome on intracellular membrane trafficking is not yet fully understood. Here, we search for ubiquitin-related genes implicated in protein membrane trafficking performing a High-Content siRNA Screening including 1187 genes of the human "ubiquitinome" using amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a reporter. We identified the deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14, a subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome, specific for K63-Ub chains in cells, as a novel regulator of Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of PSMD14 with Capzimin (CZM) caused a robust increase in APP levels at the Golgi apparatus and the swelling of this organelle. We showed that this phenotype is the result of rapid inhibition of Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, a pathway implicated in the early steps of the autophagosomal formation. Indeed, we observed that inhibition of PSMD14 with CZM acts as a potent blocker of macroautophagy by a mechanism related to the retention of Atg9A and Rab1A at the Golgi apparatus. As pharmacological inhibition of the proteolytic core of the 20S proteasome did not recapitulate these effects, we concluded that PSMD14, and the K63-Ub chains, act as a crucial regulatory factor for macroautophagy by controlling Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hianara A Bustamante
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Karina Cereceda
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Alexis E González
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Guillermo E Valenzuela
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (G.E.V.); (G.K.)
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Yorka Cheuquemilla
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Eloisa Arias-Muñoz
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristóbal Cerda-Troncoso
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Susanne Bandau
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Gudrun Kausel
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (G.E.V.); (G.K.)
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 83330023, Chile
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25
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Luo R, Su LY, Li G, Yang J, Liu Q, Yang LX, Zhang DF, Zhou H, Xu M, Fan Y, Li J, Yao YG. Activation of PPARA-mediated autophagy reduces Alzheimer disease-like pathology and cognitive decline in a murine model. Autophagy 2020; 16:52-69. [PMID: 30898012 PMCID: PMC6984507 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. An imbalance between the production and clearance of Aβ (amyloid beta) is considered to be actively involved in AD pathogenesis. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a major cellular pathway leading to the removal of aggregated proteins, and upregulation of autophagy represents a plausible therapeutic strategy to combat overproduction of neurotoxic Aβ. PPARA/PPARα (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and activates hepatic autophagy. We hypothesized that PPARA regulates autophagy in the nervous system and PPARA-mediated autophagy affects AD. We found that pharmacological activation of PPARA by the PPARA agonists gemfibrozil and Wy14643 induces autophagy in human microglia (HM) cells and U251 human glioma cells stably expressing the human APP (amyloid beta precursor protein) mutant (APP-p.M671L) and this effect is PPARA-dependent. Administration of PPARA agonists decreases amyloid pathology and reverses memory deficits and anxiety symptoms in APP-PSEN1ΔE9 mice. There is a reduced level of soluble Aβ and insoluble Aβ in hippocampus and cortex tissues from APP-PSEN1ΔE9 mice after treatment with either gemfibrozil or Wy14643, which promoted the recruitment of microglia and astrocytes to the vicinity of Aβ plaques and enhanced autophagosome biogenesis. These results indicated that PPARA is an important factor regulating autophagy in the clearance of Aβ and suggested gemfibrozil be assessed as a possible treatment for AD.Abbreviation: Aβ: amyloid beta; ACTB: actin beta; ADAM10: ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10; AD: Alzheimer disease; AIF1/IBA1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; ANOVA: analysis of variance; APOE: apolipoprotein E; APP: amyloid beta precursor protein; APP-PSEN1ΔE9: APPswe/PSEN1dE9; BAFA1: bafilomycin A1; BDNF: brain derived neurotrophic factor; BECN1: beclin 1; CD68: CD68 molecule; CREB1: cAMP responsive element binding protein 1; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DLG4/PSD-95: discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; ELISA: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FKBP5: FK506 binding protein 5; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; gemfibrozil: 5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; GLI2/THP1: GLI family zinc finger 2; HM: human microglia; IL6: interleukin 6; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NC: negative control; OQ: opposite quadrant; PPARA/PPARα, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PSEN1/PS1: presenilin 1; SEM: standard error of the mean; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SYP: synaptophysin; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TQ: target quadrant; WT: wild type; Wy14643: 2-[4-chloro-6-(2,3-dimethylanilino)pyrimidin-2-yl]sulfanylacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling-Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu-Xiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Deng-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hejiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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26
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Yang C, Cai CZ, Song JX, Tan JQ, Durairajan SSK, Iyaswamy A, Wu MY, Chen LL, Yue Z, Li M, Lu JH. NRBF2 is involved in the autophagic degradation process of APP-CTFs in Alzheimer disease models. Autophagy 2019; 13:2028-2040. [PMID: 28980867 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1379633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid plaque in the brain. The autophagy-associated PIK3C3-containing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) complex has been shown to interfere with APP metabolism and amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) homeostasis via poorly understood mechanisms. Here we report that NRBF2 (nuclear receptor binding factor 2), a key component and regulator of the PtdIns3K, is involved in APP-CTFs homeostasis in AD cell models. We found that NRBF2 interacts with APP in vivo and its expression levels are reduced in hippocampus of 5XFAD AD mice; we further demonstrated that NRBF2 overexpression promotes degradation of APP C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs), and reduces Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in human mutant APP-overexpressing cells. Conversely, APP-CTFs, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels were increased in Nrbf2 knockdown or nrbf2 knockout cells. Furthermore, NRBF2 positively regulates autophagy in neuronal cells and NRBF2-mediated reduction of APP-CTFs levels is autophagy dependent. Importantly, nrbf2 knockout attenuates the recruitment of APP and APP-CTFs into phagophores and the sorting of APP and APP-CTFs into endosomal intralumenal vesicles, which is accompanied by the accumulation of the APP and APP-CTFs into RAB5-positive early endosomes. Collectively, our results reveal the potential connection between NRBF2 and the AD-associated protein APP by showing that NRBF2 plays an important role in regulating degradation of APP-CTFs through modulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Yang
- a Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research , School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Cui-Zan Cai
- b State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa, Macau SAR , China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- a Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research , School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jie-Qiong Tan
- c State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics , Xiangya Medical School , Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan
- a Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research , School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- a Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research , School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ming-Yue Wu
- b State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa, Macau SAR , China
| | - Lei-Lei Chen
- a Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research , School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- d Department of Neurology and Neuroscience , Friedman Brain Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Min Li
- a Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research , School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- b State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa, Macau SAR , China
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27
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Münz C. Autophagy proteins influence endocytosis for MHC restricted antigen presentation. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 66:110-115. [PMID: 30928540 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
T cells of the adaptive immune system monitor protein degradation products via their presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to recognize infected cells. Both macroautophagy and endocytosis target intra- and extracellular constituents, respectively, for lysosomal degradation. This results in antigen processing for MHC presentation and influences the trafficking of MHC molecules. This review will discuss recent evidence that the molecular machinery of macroautophagy regulates also endocytosis at the level of phagosome maturation and cell membrane internalization. These non-canonical functions of this machinery affect both MHC class I and II restricted antigen presentation to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively, and should be harnessed to improve immune responses against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Wong M, Ganapathy AS, Suchanec E, Laidler L, Ma T, Nighot P. Intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier regulation by autophagy-related protein ATG6/beclin 1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C753-C765. [PMID: 30892937 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A defective tight junction (TJ) barrier is a key pathogenic factor for inflammatory bowel disease. Previously, we have shown that autophagy, a cell survival mechanism, enhances intestinal epithelial TJ barrier function. Autophagy-related protein-6 (ATG6/beclin 1), a key protein in the autophagy pathway, also plays a role in the endocytic pathway. The constitutive role of beclin 1 in the intestinal TJ barrier is not known. In Caco-2 cells, beclin 1 was found to be coimmunoprecipitated with the TJ protein occludin and colocalized with occludin on the membrane. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with beclin 1 peptide [transactivating regulatory protein (Tat)-beclin 1] reduced TJ barrier function. Activation of beclin 1 increased occludin endocytosis and reduced total occludin protein level. In contrast, beclin 1 siRNA transfection enhanced Caco-2 TJ barrier function. In pharmacologic and genetic autophagy inhibition studies, the constitutive function of beclin 1 in the TJ barrier was found to be autophagy independent. However, de novo induction of autophagy with starvation or rapamycin prevented Tat-beclin 1-induced increase in TJ permeability and reduction in occludin level. Induction of autophagy also resulted in reduced beclin 1-occludin association. In mouse colon, beclin 1 colocalized with occludin on the epithelial membrane. Perfusion of mouse colon with beclin 1 peptide caused an increase in colonic TJ permeability that was prevented by in vivo induction of autophagy. These findings show that beclin 1 plays a constitutive, autophagy-independent role in the regulation of intestinal TJ barrier function via endocytosis of occludin. Autophagy terminates constitutive beclin 1 function in the TJ barrier and enhances the TJ barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Eric Suchanec
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Laidler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas Ma
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University , Hershey, Pennsylvania
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29
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Zeng Q, Siu W, Li L, Jin Y, Liang S, Cao M, Ma M, Wu Z. Autophagy in Alzheimer's disease and promising modulatory effects of herbal medicine. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:100-110. [PMID: 30710681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and unremitting neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. It affects the quality of life of victims severely. The prevalence of AD has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, it is of great importance to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD and find out effective therapeutic approaches. Autophagy, a primary intracellular way of degrading aggregated proteins and damaged organelles, has been discovered to be involved in the pathological changes of AD. In the last few years, much progress has been made in finding autophagy regulators from natural products, providing new insights to develop treatment strategy for AD by targeting autophagy. In the present review, we provided an overview of the recent research progress regarding the function role of autophagy in AD, the regulation mechanisms of autophagy-lysosomal pathway as well as therapeutic potential of herbal medicine on AD by targeting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wingsum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Limin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yu Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Shaoyu Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.
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30
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Münz C. Non-canonical Functions of Macroautophagy Proteins During Endocytosis by Myeloid Antigen Presenting Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2765. [PMID: 30542350 PMCID: PMC6277852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis by myeloid antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages regulates both antigen processing and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule trafficking during antigen presentation. The molecular machinery of macroautophagy, a catabolic pathway that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to lysosomal degradation, has recently been found to modulate both MHC class I internalization and phagocytosis of antigens for efficient MHC class II presentation. In this review, I will discuss the respective studies and how these alternative pathways of macroautophagy protein usage differ from their canonical functions. A better understanding of these additional functions of the macroautophagy machinery should allow us to interpret biological effects of macroautophagy protein deficiencies more comprehensively and to therapeutically target the different pathways which utilize the molecular machinery of macroautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Possible Clues for Brain Energy Translation via Endolysosomal Trafficking of APP-CTFs in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2764831. [PMID: 30420907 PMCID: PMC6215552 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2764831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunctions, hypometabolism, and insulin resistance are high and early risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a leading neurological disease associated with memory decline and cognitive dysfunctions. Early defects in glucose transporters and glycolysis occur during the course of AD progression. Hypometabolism begins well before the onset of early AD symptoms; this timing implicates the vulnerability of hypometabolic brain regions to beta-secretase 1 (BACE-1) upregulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, synaptic failure, and cell death. Despite the fact that ketone bodies, astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and glycogenolysis compensate to provide energy to the starving AD brain, a considerable energy crisis still persists and increases during disease progression. Studies that track brain energy metabolism in humans, animal models of AD, and in vitro studies reveal striking upregulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) and carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs). Currently, the precise role of CTFs is unclear, but evidence supports increased endosomal-lysosomal trafficking of β-APP and CTFs through autophagy through a vague mechanism. While intracellular accumulation of Aβ is attributed as both the cause and consequence of a defective endolysosomal-autophagic system, much remains to be explored about the other β-APP cleavage products. Many recent works report altered amino acid catabolism and expression of several urea cycle enzymes in AD brains, but the precise cause for this dysregulation is not fully explained. In this paper, we try to connect the role of CTFs in the energy translation process in AD brain based on recent findings.
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32
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Ba L, Chen XH, Chen YL, Nie Q, Li ZJ, Ding FF, Zhang M. Distinct Rab7-related Endosomal-Autophagic-Lysosomal Dysregulation Observed in Cortex and Hippocampus in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2941-2950. [PMID: 29237927 PMCID: PMC5742922 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.220311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β deposition and accumulation of autophagic vacuoles are pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysregulation of the endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal (EAL) pathway, which impairs amyloid precursor protein processing, is one of the earliest changes in AD. However, the precise role of EAL pathway in neurodegeneration remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of EAL pathway in AD and further study the mechanism of EAL dysfunction. METHODS We used 3-, 7-, and 12-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice to model different stages of AD with age- and gender-matched wild-type littermates as controls (4-7 mice per group) and detected the changes of EAL markers, endosomal organizers Rab5 and Rab7, autophagosome marker LC3B, and lysosomal proteins Lamp1/2 in cortex and hippocampus by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis. To further explore the mechanism of EAL dysregulation in AD, components of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KC3) complex, activators of Rab7 (Beclin1 and UVRAG), and the negative regulator of Rab7 (Rubicon) were also measured in this two brain regions. RESULTS In 7-month-old APP/PS1 brain that amyloid beta initiated to accumulate intracellularly, EAL pathway, and related PI3KC3 members, UVRAG and Beclin1 were upregulated both in cortex and hippocampus (all P < 0.05). By the age of 12 months old, when abundant amyloid plaques formed, EAL markers, UVRAG, and Beclin1 were also upregulated in the cortex (all P < 0.05). However, Rab7 was decreased significantly (P = 0.0447), accompanied by a reduction of its activating PI3KC complex component Beclin1 (P = 0.0215) and enhancement of its inhibiting component Rubicon (P = 0.0055) in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Our study implies that EAL pathway, represented as Rab7 and its PI3KC3 regulators' expressions, showed temporal and spatial variation in brains at different stages of AD. It provides new insights into the role of EAL pathway in pathogenesis and indicates potential therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ba
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, China
| | - Yan-Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Feng-Fei Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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33
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Bustamante HA, González AE, Cerda-Troncoso C, Shaughnessy R, Otth C, Soza A, Burgos PV. Interplay Between the Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System: A Target for Therapeutic Development in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:126. [PMID: 29867359 PMCID: PMC5954036 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia leading to severe irreversible cognitive decline and massive neurodegeneration. While therapeutic approaches for managing symptoms are available, AD currently has no cure. AD associates with a progressive decline of the two major catabolic pathways of eukaryotic cells—the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)—that contributes to the accumulation of harmful molecules implicated in synaptic plasticity and long-term memory impairment. One protein recently highlighted as the earliest initiator of these disturbances is the amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular C-terminal membrane fragment β (CTFβ), a key toxic agent with deleterious effects on neuronal function that has become an important pathogenic factor for AD and a potential biomarker for AD patients. This review focuses on the involvement of regulatory molecules and specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) that operate in the UPS and ALP to control a single proteostasis network to achieve protein balance. We discuss how these aspects can contribute to the development of novel strategies to strengthen the balance of key pathogenic proteins associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hianara A Bustamante
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alexis E González
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Cerda-Troncoso
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronan Shaughnessy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carola Otth
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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34
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Keller CW, Loi M, Ligeon LA, Gannagé M, Lünemann JD, Münz C. Endocytosis regulation by autophagy proteins in MHC restricted antigen presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 52:68-73. [PMID: 29719275 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The macroautophagy machinery supports membrane remodeling and fusion events that lead to the engulfment of cytoplasmic constituents in autophagosomes and their degradation in lysosomes. The capacity of this machinery to regulate membrane adaptors and influence vesicle fusion with lysosomes seems to be used not only for autophagosomes, but also for endosomes. We summarize recent evidence that two aspects of endocytosis are regulated by parts of the macroautophagy machinery. These are recruitment of adaptors for the internalization of surface receptors and the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes. Antigen processing for MHC presentation is affected by these alternative functions of the macroautophagy machinery. Primarily extracellular antigen presentation by MHC class II molecules after phagocytosis benefits from this regulation of phagosome maturation. Furthermore, MHC class I molecules are more efficiently internalized in the presence of the core macroautophagy machinery. The identification of these alternative functions of macroautophagy proteins not only complicates the interpretation of their deficiencies in biological processes, but could also be harnessed for the regulation of antigen presentation to T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Keller
- Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Loi
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laure-Anne Ligeon
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monique Gannagé
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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35
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Wang X, Pang L, Zhang Y, Xu J, Ding D, Yang T, Zhao Q, Wu F, Li F, Meng H, Yu D. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide Promotes Nigrostriatal Dopamine Function by Modulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR Pathway in a Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:938-947. [PMID: 29594732 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on pathological symptoms and behavioral deficits in a Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model. The therapeutic effects of LBP were monitored with an Open field test, a Rotarod test and a Morris water maze test. We also investigated the mechanisms with qRT-PCR and Western blotting analyses. After a relatively short-term LBP treatment, the total distance and walking time of PD mice significantly increased. The staying duration on the rod of PD mice increased in the Rotarod test. LBP can up-regulate levels of SOD2, CAT and GPX1 and inhibit the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein induced by MPTP. LBP treatment can also up-regulate the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR, and may play its protective role by activating the PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. These results suggest that LBP can effectively alleviate the degeneration in the nigrostriatal system induced by MPTP treatment. It may be a potential candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Noncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lei Pang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Noncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Noncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dongyi Ding
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Noncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Tianli Yang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Noncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Noncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Haiwei Meng
- Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Duonan Yu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Noncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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36
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Sun J, Roy S. The physical approximation of APP and BACE-1: A key event in alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:340-347. [PMID: 29106038 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble deposits of Amyloid β (Aβ) in brains. Aβ is derived by sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site secretase enzyme (BACE-1) and γ-secretase. Proteolytic processing of APP by BACE-1 is the rate-limiting step in Aβ production, and this pathway is a prime target for AD drug development. Both APP and BACE-1 are membrane-spanning proteins, transported via secretory and endocytic pathways; and the physical interaction of APP and BACE-1 during trafficking is a key cell biological event initiating the amyloidogenic pathway. Here, we highlight recent research on intracellular trafficking/sorting of APP and BACE-1, and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways might lead to enhanced convergence of APP and BACE-1, and subsequent β-cleavage of APP. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 340-347, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Subhojit Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
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37
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A novel fluorescent probe reveals starvation controls the commitment of amyloid precursor protein to the lysosome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Oh HG, Chung S. Activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channel increases basal autophagy and reduces amyloid β-peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:494-499. [PMID: 28870815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which is produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the primary cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autophagy recycles cellular components and digests intracellular components including Aβ. The Ca2+- and Mg2+-permeable transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channel underlies the constitutive Ca2+ influx in some cells. Since we already reported that TRPM7 channel-mediated Ca2+ influx regulates basal autophagy, we hypothesize that the activation of TRPM7 channel could increase basal autophagy and consequently decrease Aβ. In this study, we showed that naltriben (NTB), a specific TRPM7 channel activator, induced Ca2+ influx and activated autophagic signaling in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. NTB also promoted co-localization of LC3 and APP, and reduced Aβ. Furthermore, we found that an early-onset familial AD-associated presenilin1 ΔE9 (PS1 ΔE9) mutant cells had attenuated basal autophagy. NTB was able to recover autophagy and decrease Aβ in PS1 ΔE9 cells. Our results show that the activating TRPM7 channel may prevent AD-related Aβ neuropathology via modulating Ca2+-regulated basal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Geun Oh
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Sungkwon Chung
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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39
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Rocchi A, Yamamoto S, Ting T, Fan Y, Sadleir K, Wang Y, Zhang W, Huang S, Levine B, Vassar R, He C. A Becn1 mutation mediates hyperactive autophagic sequestration of amyloid oligomers and improved cognition in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006962. [PMID: 28806762 PMCID: PMC5570506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the autophagy pathway has been observed during the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal deposition of extracellular and intracellular amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. Yet the role of autophagy in Aβ production and AD progression is complex. To study whether increased basal autophagy plays a beneficial role in Aβ clearance and cognitive improvement, we developed a novel genetic model to hyperactivate autophagy in vivo. We found that knock-in of a point mutation F121A in the essential autophagy gene Beclin 1/Becn1 in mice significantly reduces the interaction of BECN1 with its inhibitor BCL2, and thus leads to constitutively active autophagy even under non-autophagy-inducing conditions in multiple tissues, including brain. Becn1F121A-mediated autophagy hyperactivation significantly decreases amyloid accumulation, prevents cognitive decline, and restores survival in AD mouse models. Using an immunoisolation method, we found biochemically that Aβ oligomers are autophagic substrates and sequestered inside autophagosomes in the brain of autophagy-hyperactive AD mice. In addition to genetic activation of autophagy by Becn1 gain-of-function, we also found that ML246, a small-molecule autophagy inducer, as well as voluntary exercise, a physiological autophagy inducer, exert similar Becn1-dependent protective effects on Aβ removal and memory in AD mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that genetically disrupting BECN1-BCL2 binding hyperactivates autophagy in vivo, which sequestrates amyloid oligomers and prevents AD progression. The study establishes new approaches to activate autophagy in the brain, and reveals the important function of Becn1-mediated autophagy hyperactivation in the prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altea Rocchi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Soh Yamamoto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tabitha Ting
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Yuying Fan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Katherine Sadleir
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiran Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sui Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert Vassar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Congcong He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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吕 梦, 陆 航. [Role of Beclin 1 gene in autophagy and apoptosis of SW620 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:373-377. [PMID: 28377355 PMCID: PMC6780449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of Beclin1 gene in autophagy and apoptosis of SW620 cells. METHODS RNA interference was used to knockdown the expression of Beclin 1 in SW620 cells, and the cell viability was measured by MTT assays. The autophagic activity in serum-starved SW620 CRC cells was evaluated by assessing endogenous microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein levels using immunofluorescence assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure the apoptosis rate of SW620 cells treated with serum deprivation, staurosporine or etoposide, and the protein expression of Beclin1 was detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The viability of cells in pSUPER-Becl group was significantly reduced after serum deprivation (P<0.05). Serum deprivation for 24 h resulted in a stronger apoptotic resistance in cells in the control and pSUPER-non groups than in pSUPER-Becl group (P<0.05). Treatment with staurosporine the most significantly increased the cell apoptosis in pSUPER-Becl group (P<0.05), and similar effect was observed with etoposide treatment (P<0.05). As the time of serum deprivation extended, the expression of Beclin 1 in control group and pSUPER-non group increased progressively (P<0.05), which was consistent with the changes in LC3 expression; LC3 expression in pSUPER-Becl group decreased significantly with a prolonged serum starvation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Beclin 1 is a crucial regulator of autophagy and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells to maintain the balance between autophagy and apoptosis. Beclin 1 may serve as a protective mechanism to protect colorectal cancer cells from injury caused by low nutrition and chemotherapy byregulating cell autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- 梦 吕
- 锦州医科大学 研究生学院Graduate School
| | - 航 陆
- 锦州医科大学锦州医科大学 附属第一医院大肠外科,辽宁 锦州 121000Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
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吕 梦, 陆 航. [Role of Beclin 1 gene in autophagy and apoptosis of SW620 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:373-377. [PMID: 28377355 PMCID: PMC6780449 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.03.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of Beclin1 gene in autophagy and apoptosis of SW620 cells. METHODS RNA interference was used to knockdown the expression of Beclin 1 in SW620 cells, and the cell viability was measured by MTT assays. The autophagic activity in serum-starved SW620 CRC cells was evaluated by assessing endogenous microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein levels using immunofluorescence assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure the apoptosis rate of SW620 cells treated with serum deprivation, staurosporine or etoposide, and the protein expression of Beclin1 was detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The viability of cells in pSUPER-Becl group was significantly reduced after serum deprivation (P<0.05). Serum deprivation for 24 h resulted in a stronger apoptotic resistance in cells in the control and pSUPER-non groups than in pSUPER-Becl group (P<0.05). Treatment with staurosporine the most significantly increased the cell apoptosis in pSUPER-Becl group (P<0.05), and similar effect was observed with etoposide treatment (P<0.05). As the time of serum deprivation extended, the expression of Beclin 1 in control group and pSUPER-non group increased progressively (P<0.05), which was consistent with the changes in LC3 expression; LC3 expression in pSUPER-Becl group decreased significantly with a prolonged serum starvation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Beclin 1 is a crucial regulator of autophagy and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells to maintain the balance between autophagy and apoptosis. Beclin 1 may serve as a protective mechanism to protect colorectal cancer cells from injury caused by low nutrition and chemotherapy byregulating cell autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- 梦 吕
- 锦州医科大学 研究生学院Graduate School
| | - 航 陆
- 锦州医科大学锦州医科大学 附属第一医院大肠外科,辽宁 锦州 121000Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
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