1
|
Dowaidar M. Guidelines for the role of autophagy in drug delivery vectors uptake pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30238. [PMID: 38707383 PMCID: PMC11066435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of autophagy refers to the intracellular absorption of cytoplasm (such as proteins, nucleic acids, tiny molecules, complete organelles, and so on) into the lysosome, followed by the breakdown of that cytoplasm. The majority of cellular proteins are degraded by a process called autophagy, which is both a naturally occurring activity and one that may be induced by cellular stress. Autophagy is a system that can save cells' integrity in stressful situations by restoring metabolic basics and getting rid of subcellular junk. This happens as a component of an endurance response. This mechanism may have an effect on disease, in addition to its contribution to the homeostasis of individual cells and tissues as well as the control of development in higher species. The main aim of this study is to discuss the guidelines for the role of autophagy in drug delivery vector uptake pathways. In this paper, we discuss the meaning and concept of autophagy, the mechanism of autophagy, the role of autophagy in drug delivery vectors, autophagy-modulating drugs, nanostructures for delivery systems of autophagy modulators, etc. Later in this paper, we talk about how to deliver chemotherapeutics, siRNA, and autophagy inducers and inhibitors. We also talk about how hard it is to make a drug delivery system that takes nanocarriers' roles as autophagy modulators into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- Bioengineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Biosystems and Machines Research Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Zhang C, Song M, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Zhang H, Ding Y. Enzyme-Silenced Nanosponges Prolong Intratumoral Lifetime to Facilitate Intercellular Relay Drug Delivery and Treatment Efficacy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23568-23583. [PMID: 37976418 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of nanomedicines faces the dilemma of improved safety but restricted efficacy due to the poor intratumoral bioavailability of chemotherapeutics. We here design an enzyme-silenced nanosponge that shares a long-term lifespan to reversibly exhale/inhale doxorubicin (DOX) for continuous intercellular relay delivery and improved intratumoral retention. The nanosponge is composed of a cationic lipid overlaying a hyaluronic acid derivative polyampholyte core for enveloping of DOX and hyaluronidase-1-targeted siRNA (siHyal1), and a lipoprotein shell decorated with fusion peptide 4F-tLyP-1 that was fused with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide 4F and tLyP-1 for tumor homing and extravasation into the tumor interstitium. Triggered by the intra/intercellular pH variation, the nanosponge core could reversibly swell in endo/lysosome (pH 5.0) for DOX release. Owing to the deprotonation, the nanosponge core shrinks back in cytoplasm (pH 7.4) for DOX reloading and continues the behavior after being secreted to the extracellular matrix (pH 6.8) via Golgi apparatus, which dramatically improves intratumoral DOX retention and availability. Concurrently, the intratumoral lifespan of the nanosponge is prolonged by siHyal1-specific silencing, ensuring spatiotemporal consistency of carrier and drug when shuttling multilayer tumor cells. As a result, the nanosponge achieves efficient tumor inhibition in 99.1% of tumor spheroids and 80.1% of orthotopic tumor models. Collectively, this study provides an intelligent nanosponge design for active intercellular relay drug delivery, achieving improved intratumoral bioavailability of drugs and amplified chemotherapy on solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenshuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | - Jianping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen JL, Wu X, Yin D, Jia XH, Chen X, Gu ZY, Zhu XM. Autophagy inhibitors for cancer therapy: Small molecules and nanomedicines. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108485. [PMID: 37406740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process in which the cytosolic materials are degraded and eventually recycled for cellular metabolism to maintain homeostasis. The dichotomous role of autophagy in pathogenesis is complicated. Accumulating reports have suggested that cytoprotective autophagy is responsible for tumor growth and progression. Autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are promising for treating malignancies or overcoming drug resistance in chemotherapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials also show autophagy-inhibitory effects or are reported as the carriers delivering autophagy inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the small-molecule compounds and nanomaterials inhibiting autophagic flux as well as the mechanisms involved. The nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for autophagy inhibitors and their distinct advantages are also described. The progress of autophagy inhibitors for clinical applications is finally introduced, and their future perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Dan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ze-Yun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu X, Wu Y, Qian X, Wang Y, Wang J, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Z. Nanomedicine Strategies to Circumvent Intratumor Extracellular Matrix Barriers for Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101428. [PMID: 34706400 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The dense and heterogeneous physical network of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumors represents a formidable barrier that limits intratumor drug delivery and the therapeutic efficacy of many anticancer therapies. Here, the two major nanomedicine strategies to circumvent intratumor ECM barriers: regulating the physiochemical properties of nanomedicines and remodeling the components and structure of the ECM are summarized. Nanomedicines can be rationally regulated by optimizing physiochemical properties or designed with biomimetic features to promote ECM permeation capability. Meanwhile, they can also be designed to remodel the ECM by modulating signaling pathways or destroying the components and architecture of the ECM via chemical, biological, or physical treatments. These efforts produce profound improvements in intratumor drug delivery and anticancer efficacy. Moreover, to aid in their anticancer efficacy, feasible approaches for improving ECM-circumventing nanomedicines are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xindi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations Yantai Institute of Materia Medica Shandong 264000 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Preclinical autophagy modulatory nanomedicines: big challenges, slow advances. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1415-1434. [PMID: 34030559 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1933428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a critical housekeeping pathway to remove toxic protein aggregates, damaged organelles, providing cells with bioenergetic substrates needed to survive under adverse conditions. Since altered autophagy is associated with diverse diseases, its pharmacological modulation is considered of therapeutic interest. Nanomedicines may reduce the toxicity and improve the activity of toxic autophagy modulatory drugs (amd). AREAS COVERED The status of the most relevant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infectious treatments mediated by autophagy modulatory nanomedicines (amN) published in the last 5 years is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Antitumor and anti-inflammatory treatments may be improved by administering amN for selective, massive, and targeted delivery of amd to diseased tissues. The use of amN as antimicrobial agent remains almost underexploited. Assessing the effect of amN on the complex autophagy machinery operating under different basal diseases, however, is not a trivial task. Besides structural reproducibility, nanomedicines must grant higher efficiency, and lower adverse effects than conventional medication. Simplicity of design, carefully chosen (scalable) preparation techniques, and rigorous monitoring of preclinical efficacy and nanotoxicity will improve the chances of clinical success. Currently, available data are not sufficient to envisage a fast-succeeding translation. Application of quality by design criteria would help to reach such milestones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eder Lilia Romero
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Jose Morilla
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Chen X, Song J, Zhang J, Ren X, Zhao Y. Size-Transformable Nanostructures: From Design to Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003752. [PMID: 33103829 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The size of nanostructures (NSs) strongly affects their chemical and physical properties and further impacts their actions in biological systems. Both small and large NSs possess respective advantages for disease theranostics, and this therefore presents a paradox when choosing NSs with suitable sizes. To overcome this challenge, size-transformable NSs have emerged as a powerful tool, as they can be manipulated to possess the merits of both types of NSs. Herein, various strategies to construct size-transformable NSs are summarized, and the recent research progress regarding their biomedical applications, particularly within the fields of cancer and bacterial theranostics, is highlighted. This review will inspire researchers to further develop various methods that can be used to construct size-transformable NSs for use in novel applications within different fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiaokai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jun Song
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ren
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao Y, Zhang T. The Application of Nanomaterials in Cell Autophagy. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 16:23-35. [PMID: 32357821 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200502000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is defined as separation and degradation of cytoplasmic components through autophagosomes, which plays an essential part in physiological and pathological events. Hence it is also essential for cellular homeostasis. Autophagy disorder may bring about the failure of stem cells to maintain the fundamental transformation and metabolism of cell components. However, for cancer cells, the disorder of autophagy is a feasible antitumor idea. Nanoparticles, referring to particles of the size range 1-100 nanometers, are appearing as a category of autophagy regulators. These nanoparticles may revolutionize and broaden the therapeutic strategies of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, muscle disease, and so on. Researches of autophagy-induced nanomaterials mainly focus on silver particles, gold particles, silicon particles, and rare earth oxides. But in recent years, more and more materials have been found to regulate autophagy, such as nano-nucleic acid materials, nanofiber scaffolds, quantum dots, and so on. The review highlights that various kinds of nanoparticles have the power to regulate autophagy intensity in stem cells of interest and further control biological behaviors, which may become a reliable treatment choice for disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peng Y, Bariwal J, Kumar V, Tan C, Mahato RI. Organic Nanocarriers for Delivery and Targeting of Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug DeliveryUniversity of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Ram I. Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tavakol S, Ashrafizadeh M, Deng S, Azarian M, Abdoli A, Motavaf M, Poormoghadam D, Khanbabaei H, Afshar EG, Mandegary A, Pardakhty A, Yap CT, Mohammadinejad R, Kumar AP. Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E530. [PMID: 31557936 PMCID: PMC6843293 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy modulation is considered to be a promising programmed cell death mechanism to prevent and cure a great number of disorders and diseases. The crucial step in designing an effective therapeutic approach is to understand the correct and accurate causes of diseases and to understand whether autophagy plays a cytoprotective or cytotoxic/cytostatic role in the progression and prevention of disease. This knowledge will help scientists find approaches to manipulate tumor and pathologic cells in order to enhance cellular sensitivity to therapeutics and treat them. Although some conventional therapeutics suffer from poor solubility, bioavailability and controlled release mechanisms, it appears that novel nanoplatforms overcome these obstacles and have led to the design of a theranostic-controlled drug release system with high solubility and active targeting and stimuli-responsive potentials. In this review, we discuss autophagy modulators-related signaling pathways and some of the drug delivery strategies that have been applied to the field of therapeutic application of autophagy modulators. Moreover, we describe how therapeutics will target various steps of the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, nano drug delivery platforms for autophagy targeting and co-delivery of autophagy modulators with chemotherapeutics/siRNA, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of basic science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Maryam Azarian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Motavaf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Delaram Poormoghadam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Celestial T Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rao J, Mei L, Liu J, Tang X, Yin S, Xia C, Wei J, Wan D, Wang X, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang Z, He Q. Size-adjustable micelles co-loaded with a chemotherapeutic agent and an autophagy inhibitor for enhancing cancer treatment via increased tumor retention. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:300-312. [PMID: 30878446 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a key role in the stress response of tumor cells, which contributes to cancer cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy by degrading cytoplasmic proteins to provide energy and clear the hazardous substances. Therefore, combined treatment of chemotherapeutics and autophagy inhibitors is thought to obtain a desirable antitumor effect. Nanoparticles (NPs) show potential in tumor-targeting drug delivery because of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, NPs with fixed particle size cannot achieve optimal delivery effect. Herein, a strategy based on Cu (I)-catalyzed click chemistry-triggered aggregation of azide/alkyne-modified micelles was developed for the co-delivery of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) and the autophagy inhibitor wortmannin (Wtmn). In vitro experiments showed that the size of micelles increased in a time-dependent manner, which enhanced micelle accumulation in both B16F10 and 4 T1 cells. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiment and biodistribution study further demonstrated that the aggregation of micelles through click cycloaddition significantly improved the accumulation of drug-loading micelles at the tumor region. Furthermore, the decreased amount of autophagosomes observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the declined expression of LC3-II, and the increased level of p62 by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed the obvious inhibition of autophagy induced by Dox/Wtmn co-loaded size-adjustable micelles, which had a synergistic effect in cancer suppression. In addition, the co-loaded size-adjustable micelles showed outstanding cytotoxicity and antitumor effect. Therefore, this strategy effectively suppressed melanoma and breast cancer in mice. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The therapeutic effects of chemotherapy can be limited by autophagy; hence, combined use of autophagy inhibitors with chemotherapeutics achieves desirable anticancer efficacy. In the present study, we designed size-adjustable micelles by modifying the click reaction substrate azide group and the alkyne group on the surface of micelles, and subsequently, the autophagy inhibitor wortmannin and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin were co-loaded. The micelles could aggregate by click reaction at the tumor site when the catalysts were intratumorally injected. The results showed that the size-adjustable micelles achieved efficient drug delivery, penetration, and retention in tumors; through the combined effect of wortmannin-mediated autophagy inhibition and doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity, this strategy exerted significant anticancer effect in melanoma and breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei W, Rosenkrans ZT, Luo QY, Lan X, Cai W. Exploiting Nanomaterial-mediated Autophagy for Cancer Therapy. SMALL METHODS 2019; 3:1800365. [PMID: 31355327 PMCID: PMC6660170 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process that is critical for sequestering and degrading proteins, damaged or aged organelles, and for maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. Despite its dichotomous role in health and diseases, autophagy usually promotes growth and progression of advanced cancers. In this context, clinical trials using chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as autophagy inhibitors have suggested that autophagy inhibition is a promising approach for treating advanced malignancies and/or overcoming drug resistance of small molecule therapeutics (i.e., chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy). Efficient delivery of autophagy inhibitors may further enhance the therapeutic effect, reduce systemic toxicity, and prevent drug resistance. As such, nanocarriers-based drug delivery systems have several distinct advantages over free autophagy inhibitors that include increased circulation of the drugs, reduced off-target systemic toxicity, increased drug delivery efficiency, and increased solubility and stability of the encapsulated drugs. With their versatile drug encapsulation and surface-functionalization capabilities, nanocarriers can be engineered to deliver autophagy inhibitors to tumor sites in a context-specific and/or tissue-specific manner. This review focuses on the role of nanomaterials utilizing autophagy inhibitors for cancer therapy, with a focus on their applications in different cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T. Rosenkrans
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United State
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou Q, Xiang H, Li A, Lin W, Huang Z, Guo J, Wang P, Chi Y, Xiang K, Xu Y, Zhou L, So KF, Chen X, Sun X, Ren Y. Activating Adiponectin Signaling with Exogenous AdipoRon Reduces Myelin Lipid Accumulation and Suppresses Macrophage Recruitment after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:903-918. [PMID: 30221582 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin-laden macrophages (mye-MΦ), resulting primarily from internalization of myelin debris by infiltrating bone marrow-derived macrophages in spinal cord injury (SCI), trigger inflammatory responses that largely contribute to secondary injury. Adiponectin, which is secreted from adipose tissue, is an important hormone that modulates macrophage inflammation. In the present study, we examined the role of adiponectin on macrophage-mediated neuroinflammation after SCI. We found that in vitro activation of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) by their agonist AdipoRon suppressed myelin lipid accumulation in mye-MΦ through APPL1/PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux, subsequently inhibiting inflammation and restoring normal function to mye-MΦ. In vivo data further confirmed that intravenous administration of AdipoRon after SCI dampened recruitment of macrophages and reduced myelin lipid accumulation. Accordingly, AdipoRon treatment ameliorated post-SCI tissue damage and astrogliosis, resulting in improved motor function. Although there was no significant pathological exacerbation in adiponectin-null mice subjected to SCI, our work reveals a functional link between adiponectin and hematogenous macrophages in the context of SCI, suggesting that activation of adiponectin signaling is a promising therapeutic approach to mitigate mye-MΦ-mediated neuroinflammation in neurological disorders involving demyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qishuang Zhou
- 1 Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,4 Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongkai Xiang
- 1 Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,4 Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- 2 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,5 Academician Workstation for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Wu Lin
- 1 Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaoshui Huang
- 1 Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junxiu Guo
- 2 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingjie Wang
- 2 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Chi
- 1 Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xiang
- 2 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- 1 Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- 2 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- 2 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,5 Academician Workstation for Spinal Cord Injury, Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- 1 Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- 2 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ren
- 1 Institute of Inflammation and Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,2 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yin S, Xia C, Wang Y, Wan D, Rao J, Tang X, Wei J, Wang X, Li M, Zhang Z, Liu J, He Q. Dual receptor recognizing liposomes containing paclitaxel and hydroxychloroquine for primary and metastatic melanoma treatment via autophagy-dependent and independent pathways. J Control Release 2018; 288:148-160. [PMID: 30099017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy acts as a cytoprotective mechanism for malignant tumors, thus maintaining the survival and promoting proliferation and metastasis of malignant tumors. Recent studies have showed that autophagy inhibitors can enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor growth. However, the antimetastasis effects and the possible mechanisms of chemotherapeutics combined with autophagy inhibitors have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we prepared R8-dGR peptide modified paclitaxel (PTX) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) co-loaded liposomes (PTX/HCQ-R8-dGR-Lip) for enhanced delivery by recognizing integrin αvβ3 receptors and neuropilin-1 receptors on B16F10 melanoma cells. Our results showed that R8-dGR modified liposomes (R8-dGR-Lip) enhanced tumor-targeting delivery in vitro and in vivo. Besides, PTX/HCQ-R8-dGR-Lip exhibited the optimum inhibitory effects on migration, invasion and anoikis resistance of B16F10 cells in vitro, and showed enhanced efficiency on inhibiting primary tumor growth and reducing lung metastasis in vivo. Meanwhile, the antimetastasis mechanism studies confirmed that the combination of the chemotherapeutic PTX and the autophagy inhibitor HCQ further suppressed the degradation of paxillin, the expression of MMP9 and MMP2. Moreover, HCQ disturbed the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis which could induce invasion and metastasis of malignant melanoma in an autophagy-independent way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yashi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dandan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingdong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaojie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ji Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Yin S, Zhang L, Shi K, Tang J, Zhang Z, He Q. A tumor-activatable particle with antimetastatic potential in breast cancer via inhibiting the autophagy-dependent disassembly of focal adhesion. Biomaterials 2018; 168:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|