1
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Luo J, Ng W, Liu Y, Wang L, Gong C, Zhou Y, Fang C, Zhu S, Yao C. Rocaglamide promotes infiltration and differentiation of T cells and coordinates with PD-1 inhibitor to overcome checkpoint resistance in multiple tumor models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:137. [PMID: 38833034 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) deficiency is the most conspicuous obstacle to limit the cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD-1 antibody, have achieved great success in clinical practice. However, due to the limitation of response rates of ICIs, some patients fail to benefit from monotherapy. Thus, novel combination therapy that could improve the response rates emerges as new strategies for cancer treatment. Here, we reported that the natural product rocaglamide (RocA) increased tumor-infiltrating T cells and promoted Th17 differentiation of CD4+ TILs. Despite RocA monotherapy upregulated PD-1 expression of TILs, which was considered as the consequence of T cell activation, combining RocA with anti-PD-1 antibody significantly downregulated the expression of PD-1 and promoted proliferation of TILs. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that RocA could fuel the T cell anti-tumor immunity and revealed the remarkable potential of RocA as a therapeutic candidate when combining with the ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Luo
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wanyi Ng
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yangli Liu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chenyuan Gong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yufu Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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2
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Sun D, Zhang Z, Yu X, Li H, Wang X, Chen L. The mechanism of UNC-51-like kinase 1 and the applications of small molecule modulators in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116273. [PMID: 38432059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of self-renewal in cells, which not only provides the necessary nutrients for cells, but also clears necrotic organelles. Autophagy disorders are closely related to diseases such as cancer. UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a crucial role in receiving input from energy and nutrient sensors, activating autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis under stressful conditions. In recent years, targeting ULK1 has become a highly promising strategy for cancer treatment. This review introduces the regulatory mechanism of ULK1 in autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and reviews the research progress of ULK1 activators and inhibitors and their applications in cancer treatment. In addition, we analyze the binding modes between ULK1 and modulators through virtual molecular docking, which will provide a reliable basis and theoretical guidance for the design and development of new therapeutic drugs targeting ULK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force, No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinbo Yu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force, No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, 116021, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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3
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Yao P, Liang S, Liu Z, Xu C. A review of natural products targeting tumor immune microenvironments for the treatment of lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343316. [PMID: 38361933 PMCID: PMC10867126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) produces some of the most malignant tumors in the world, with high morbidity and mortality. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), a component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are critical in tumor development, immune escape, and drug resistance. The TIME is composed of various immune cells, immune cytokines, etc, which are important biological characteristics and determinants of tumor progression and outcomes. In this paper, we reviewed the recently published literature and discussed the potential uses of natural products in regulating TIME. We observed that a total of 37 natural compounds have been reported to exert anti-cancer effects by targeting the TIME. In different classes of natural products, terpenoids are the most frequently mentioned compounds. TAMs are one of the most investigated immune cells about therapies with natural products in TIME, with 9 natural products acting through it. 17 natural products exhibit anti-cancer properties in LC by modulating PD-1 and PD-L1 protein activity. These natural products have been extensively evaluated in animal and cellular LC models, but their clinical trials in LC patients are lacking. Based on the current review, we have revealed that the mechanisms of LC can be treated with natural products through TIME intervention, resulting in a new perspective and potential therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Su Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenying Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Xu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), Jinan, China
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4
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Li S, Wang A, Wu Y, He S, Shuai W, Zhao M, Zhu Y, Hu X, Luo Y, Wang G. Targeted therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: New insights into regulated cell death combined with immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:300-334. [PMID: 37688394 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has a high rate of metastatic spread and drug resistance, is the most common subtype of lung cancer. Therefore, NSCLC patients have a very poor prognosis and a very low chance of survival. Human cancers are closely linked to regulated cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Currently, small-molecule compounds targeting various types of RCD have shown potential as anticancer treatments. Moreover, RCD appears to be a specific part of the antitumor immune response; hence, the combination of RCD and immunotherapy might increase the inhibitory effect of therapy on tumor growth. In this review, we summarize small-molecule compounds used for the treatment of NSCLC by focusing on RCD and pharmacological systems. In addition, we describe the current research status of an immunotherapy combined with an RCD-based regimen for NSCLC, providing new ideas for targeting RCD pathways in combination with immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyuan He
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Pan W, Tao T, Qiu Y, Zhu X, Zhou X. Natural killer cells at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy with immune potency, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104231. [PMID: 38070841 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are vital components of the human immune system, acting as innate lymphocytes and playing a crucial role in immune surveillance. Their unique ability to independently eliminate target cells without antigen contact or antibodies has sparked interest in immunological research. This review examines recent NK cell developments and applications, encompassing immune functions, interactions with target cells, genetic engineering techniques, pharmaceutical interventions, and implications in cancers. Insights into NK cell regulation emerge, with a focus on promising genetic engineering like CAR-engineered NK cells, enhancing specificity against tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors also enhance NK cells' potential in cancer therapy. Nanotechnology's emergence as a tool for targeted drug delivery to improve NK cell therapies is explored. In conclusion, NK cells are pivotal in immunity, holding exciting potential in cancer immunotherapy. Ongoing research promises novel therapeutic strategies, advancing immunotherapy and medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Pan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yishu Qiu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab (CSBL), The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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6
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Giansanti M, Theinert T, Boeing SK, Haas D, Schlegel PG, Vacca P, Nazio F, Caruana I. Exploiting autophagy balance in T and NK cells as a new strategy to implement adoptive cell therapies. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:201. [PMID: 38071322 PMCID: PMC10709869 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostasis pathway initiated by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient deprivation to viral infection, playing a key role in human health and disease. At present, a growing number of evidence suggests a role of autophagy as a primitive innate immune form of defense for eukaryotic cells, interacting with components of innate immune signaling pathways and regulating thymic selection, antigen presentation, cytokine production and T/NK cell homeostasis. In cancer, autophagy is intimately involved in the immunological control of tumor progression and response to therapy. However, very little is known about the role and impact of autophagy in T and NK cells, the main players in the active fight against infections and tumors. Important questions are emerging: what role does autophagy play on T/NK cells? Could its modulation lead to any advantages? Could specific targeting of autophagy on tumor cells (blocking) and T/NK cells (activation) be a new intervention strategy? In this review, we debate preclinical studies that have identified autophagy as a key regulator of immune responses by modulating the functions of different immune cells and discuss the redundancy or diversity among the subpopulations of both T and NK cells in physiologic context and in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Giansanti
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Theinert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Katharina Boeing
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Haas
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paola Vacca
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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Shen Y, Goparaju C, Yang Y, Babu BA, Gai W, Pass H, Jiang G. Recurrence prediction of lung adenocarcinoma using an immune gene expression and clinical data trained and validated support vector machine classifier. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:2055-2067. [PMID: 38025809 PMCID: PMC10654435 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Immune microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer from onset to relapse. Machine learning (ML) algorithm can facilitate the analysis of lab and clinical data to predict lung cancer recurrence. Prompt detection and intervention are crucial for long-term survival in lung cancer relapse. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical and genomic prognosticators for lung cancer recurrence by comparing the predictive accuracy of four ML models. Methods A total of 41 early-stage lung cancer patients who underwent surgery between June 2007 and October 2014 at New York University Langone Medical Center were included (with recurrence, n=16; without recurrence, n=25). All patients had tumor tissue and buffy coat collected at the time of resection. The CIBERSORT algorithm quantified tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted to unearth potential molecular drivers of tumor progression. The data was split into training (75%) and validation sets (25%). Ensemble linear kernel support vector machine (SVM) ML models were developed using optimized clinical and genomic features to predict tumor recurrence. Results Activated natural killer (NK) cells, M0 macrophages, and M1 macrophages showed a positive correlation with progression. Conversely, T CD4+ memory resting cells were negatively correlated. In the PPI network, TNF and IL6 emerged as prominent hub genes. Prediction models integrating clinicopathological prognostic factors, tumor gene expression (45 genes), and buffy coat gene expression (47 genes) yielded varying receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-area under the curves (AUCs): 62.7%, 65.4%, and 59.7% in the training set, 58.3%, 83.3%, and 75.0% in the validation set, respectively. Notably, merging gene expression with clinical data in a linear SVM model led to a significant accuracy boost, with an AUC of 92.0% in training and 91.7% in validation. Conclusions Using ML algorithm, immune gene expression data from tumor tissue and buffy coat may enhance the precision of lung cancer recurrence prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingran Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chandra Goparaju
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Benson A. Babu
- Good Samaritan Hospital, Westchester Medical Center Network, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Weiming Gai
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harvey Pass
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
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8
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Kesharwani P, Ma R, Sang L, Fatima M, Sheikh A, Abourehab MAS, Gupta N, Chen ZS, Zhou Y. Gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods in the landscape of cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:98. [PMID: 37344887 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a grievous disease whose treatment requires a more efficient, non-invasive therapy, associated with minimal side effects. Gold nanoparticles possessing greatly impressive optical properties have been a forerunner in bioengineered cancer therapy. This theranostic system has gained immense popularity and finds its application in the field of molecular detection, biological imaging, cancer cell targeting, etc. The photothermal property of nanoparticles, especially of gold nanorods, causes absorption of the light incident by the light source, and transforms it into heat, resulting in tumor cell destruction. This review describes the different optical features of gold nanoparticles and summarizes the advance research done for the application of gold nanoparticles and precisely gold nanorods for combating various cancers including breast, lung, colon, oral, prostate, and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Sang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mahak Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Gupta
- Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York City, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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9
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Wang RA, Zhang MY, Jiang YX, Wang XD, Qu JJ, Yue YL, Qu YQ. Autophagy-related tumor subtypes associated with significant gene expression profiles and immune cell infiltration signatures to reveal the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2023; 14:1427-1442. [PMID: 37283800 PMCID: PMC10240669 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to establish novel autophagy-related tumor subtypes to distinguish the prognosis of NSCLC. In this study, gene expression profiles, mutation data and clinical information obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Kaplan Meier-plotter could evaluate prognostic value of autophagy-related genes. Consensus clustering revealed autophagy-related tumor subtypes. Gene expression profiles, mutation data and immune infiltration signatures were identified, oncogenic pathways and gene-drug interactions were performed according to the clusters. Finally, a total of 23 prognostic genes were screened and consensus clustering analysis divided the NSCLC into 2 clusters. The mutation signature showed that 6 genes are special. Immune infiltration signatures showed that higher fraction of immune cells was associated with cluster 1. The oncogenic pathways and gene-drug interactions also showed different patterns. In conclusion, autophagy-related tumor subtypes have different prognosis. Understanding the subtypes of NSCLC are helpful to accurately identify the NSCLC and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ai Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Xiao Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Jia Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue-Liang Yue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Qing Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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10
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Li F, Fang J, Yu Y, Hao S, Zou Q, Zeng Q, Yang X. Reanalysis of ribosome profiling datasets reveals a function of rocaglamide A in perturbing the dynamics of translation elongation via eIF4A. Nat Commun 2023; 14:553. [PMID: 36725859 PMCID: PMC9891901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The quickly accumulating ribosome profiling data is an insightful resource for studying the critical details of translation regulation under various biological contexts. Rocaglamide A (RocA), an antitumor heterotricyclic natural compound, has been shown to inhibit translation initiation of a large group of mRNA species by clamping eIF4A onto poly-purine motifs in the 5' UTRs. However, reanalysis of previous ribosome profiling datasets reveals an unexpected shift of the ribosome occupancy pattern, upon RocA treatment in various types of cells, during early translation elongation for a specific group of mRNA transcripts without poly-purine motifs over-represented in their 5' UTRs. Such perturbation of translation elongation dynamics can be attributed to the blockage of translating ribosomes due to the binding of eIF4A to the poly-purine sequence in coding regions. In summary, our study presents the complete dual modes of RocA in blocking translation initiation and elongation, which underlie the potent antitumor effect of RocA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-National Institute of Biological Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jianhuo Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sijia Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-National Institute of Biological Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qin Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qinglin Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuerui Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-National Institute of Biological Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Tong L, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Tay AH, Wickström S, Galluzzi L, Lundqvist A. NK cells and solid tumors: therapeutic potential and persisting obstacles. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:206. [PMID: 36319998 PMCID: PMC9623927 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, which are innate lymphocytes endowed with potent cytotoxic activity, have recently attracted attention as potential anticancer therapeutics. While NK cells mediate encouraging responses in patients with leukemia, the therapeutic effects of NK cell infusion in patients with solid tumors are limited. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that the efficacy of NK cell infusion against solid malignancies is hampered by several factors including inadequate tumor infiltration and persistence/activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A number of metabolic features of the TME including hypoxia as well as elevated levels of adenosine, reactive oxygen species, and prostaglandins negatively affect NK cell activity. Moreover, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells actively suppress NK cell-dependent anticancer immunity. Here, we review the metabolic and cellular barriers that inhibit NK cells in solid neoplasms as we discuss potential strategies to circumvent such obstacles towards superior therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tong
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ,grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Apple H.M. Tay
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Department of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stina Wickström
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XCaryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Liu X, Li J, Wang Q, Bai L, Xing J, Hu X, Li S, Li Q. Analysis on heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma immune cells and a molecular risk model by integration of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012303. [PMID: 36311759 PMCID: PMC9606610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) heterogeneity is a main cause leading to failure of treatment. Technology of single-cell sequencing (scRNA) could more accurately reveal the essential characteristics of tumor genetics. Methods From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, HCC scRNA-seq data were extracted. The FindCluster function was applied to analyze cell clusters. Autophagy-related genes were acquired from the MSigDB database. The ConsensusClusterPlus package was used to identify molecular subtypes. A prognostic risk model was built with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)–Cox algorithm. A nomogram including a prognostic risk model and multiple clinicopathological factors was constructed. Results Eleven cell clusters labeled as various cell types by immune cell markers were obtained from the combined scRNA-seq GSE149614 dataset. ssGSEA revealed that autophagy-related pathways were more enriched in malignant tumors. Two autophagy-related clusters (C1 and C2) were identified, in which C1 predicted a better survival, enhanced immune infiltration, and a higher immunotherapy response. LASSO–Cox regression established an eight-gene signature. Next, the HCCDB18, GSA14520, and GSE76427 datasets confirmed a strong risk prediction ability of the signature. Moreover, the low-risk group had enhanced immune infiltration and higher immunotherapy response. A nomogram which consisted of RiskScore and clinical features had better prediction ability. Conclusion To precisely assess the prognostic risk, an eight-gene prognostic stratification signature was developed based on the heterogeneity of HCC immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Liu
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- Department of physical examination&Blood collection Xuchang Blood Center, Xuchang, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Xing
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Bioinformatics R&D Department, Hangzhou Mugu Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang Li, ; Qinggang Li,
| | - Qinggang Li
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang Li, ; Qinggang Li,
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13
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Jin Z, Sun X, Wang Y, Zhou C, Yang H, Zhou S. Regulation of autophagy fires up the cold tumor microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018903. [PMID: 36300110 PMCID: PMC9589261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic tumors resistant to traditional therapies. However, the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment (TME) results in a weak response to immunotherapy. Therefore, to realize the full potential of immunotherapy and obstacle barriers, it is essential to explore how to convert cold TME to hot TME. Autophagy is a crucial cellular process that preserves cellular stability in the cellular components of the TME, contributing to the characterization of the immunosuppressive TME. Targeted autophagy ignites immunosuppressive TME by influencing antigen release, antigen presentation, antigen recognition, and immune cell trafficking, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy and overcoming resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and components of TME, explore the mechanisms and functions of autophagy in the characterization and regulation of TME, and discuss autophagy-based therapies as adjuvant enhancers of immunotherapy to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Suna Zhou, ; HaihuaYang,
| | - Suna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Suna Zhou, ; HaihuaYang,
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14
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Peng F, Liao M, Qin R, Zhu S, Peng C, Fu L, Chen Y, Han B. Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:286. [PMID: 35963853 PMCID: PMC9376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that RCD subroutines are the key features of tumorigenesis, which may ultimately lead to the establishment of different potential therapeutic strategies. Hitherto, targeting the subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue, which has rapidly progressed in many types of human cancers. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing not only the key apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death signaling pathways, but the crucial pathways of other RCD subroutines, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, entosis, NETosis and lysosome-dependent cell death (LCD) in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss the current situation of several small-molecule compounds targeting the different RCD subroutines to improve cancer treatment, such as single-target, dual or multiple-target small-molecule compounds, drug combinations, and some new emerging therapeutic strategies that would together shed new light on future directions to attack cancer cell vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs targeting RCD for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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15
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Mudaliar P, Nalawade A, Devarajan S, Aich J. Therapeutic potential of autophagy activators and inhibitors in lung and breast cancer- a review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10783-10795. [PMID: 35829809 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that eliminates damaged components of cytoplasm via the lysosome. Autophagy supports cells and tissues to remain healthy by recycling old or damaged cellular organelles and proteins with new ones. The breakdown products that follow are directed into cellular metabolism, where they are utilized to produce energy as well as for maintaining homeostasis and stability of the genome. In many cancers, autophagy modulation carries out a dual role in cancer development and suppression. Autophagy suppresses the proliferation of cancer cells by bringing about cell death and limiting cancer cell development, although it also promotes tumorigenesis by encouraging cancer cell growth and formation. Nevertheless, autophagy's implication in cancer remains a paradox. While several autophagy activators, and inhibitors, such as SAH-EJ2, Gefitinib, Ampelopsin hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, are utilized to regulate autophagy in chemoprevention, the exact intrinsic system of autophagy in cancer deserves further investigation. Despite improved treatment regimens, the incidence rate of both breast and lung cancer has grown, as has the number of recurrence cases. Hence, this review offers a wide overview of autophagy's underlying role in lung and breast cancer, particularly focusing on the various autophagy activators and inhibitors in both cancers, as well as the use of various organic compounds, regular drugs, and natural products in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mudaliar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Apoorva Nalawade
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shine Devarajan
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyotirmoi Aich
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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16
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Ran GH, Lin YQ, Tian L, Zhang T, Yan DM, Yu JH, Deng YC. Natural killer cell homing and trafficking in tissues and tumors: from biology to application. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:205. [PMID: 35768424 PMCID: PMC9243142 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a subgroup of innate lymphoid cells, act as the first line of defense against cancer. Although some evidence shows that NK cells can develop in secondary lymphoid tissues, NK cells develop mainly in the bone marrow (BM) and egress into the blood circulation when they mature. They then migrate to and settle down in peripheral tissues, though some special subsets home back into the BM or secondary lymphoid organs. Owing to its success in allogeneic adoptive transfer for cancer treatment and its "off-the-shelf" potential, NK cell-based immunotherapy is attracting increasing attention in the treatment of various cancers. However, insufficient infiltration of adoptively transferred NK cells limits clinical utility, especially for solid tumors. Expansion of NK cells or engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells ex vivo prior to adoptive transfer by using various cytokines alters the profiles of chemokine receptors, which affects the infiltration of transferred NK cells into tumor tissue. Several factors control NK cell trafficking and homing, including cell-intrinsic factors (e.g., transcriptional factors), cell-extrinsic factors (e.g., integrins, selectins, chemokines and their corresponding receptors, signals induced by cytokines, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), etc.), and the cellular microenvironment. Here, we summarize the profiles and mechanisms of NK cell homing and trafficking at steady state and during tumor development, aiming to improve NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang He Ran
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Qing Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China.
| | - Dong Mei Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, 154007, Jiamusi, China.
| | - Jian Hua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - You Cai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Clinical Hematology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Zou L, Liao M, Zhen Y, Zhu S, Chen X, Zhang J, Hao Y, Liu B. Autophagy and beyond: Unraveling the complexity of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) from biological functions to therapeutic implications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3743-3782. [PMID: 36213540 PMCID: PMC9532564 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), as a serine/threonine kinase, is an autophagic initiator in mammals and a homologous protein of autophagy related protein (Atg) 1 in yeast and of UNC-51 in Caenorhabditis elegans. ULK1 is well-known for autophagy activation, which is evolutionarily conserved in protein transport and indispensable to maintain cell homeostasis. As the direct target of energy and nutrition-sensing kinase, ULK1 may contribute to the distribution and utilization of cellular resources in response to metabolism and is closely associated with multiple pathophysiological processes. Moreover, ULK1 has been widely reported to play a crucial role in human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and infections, and subsequently targeted small-molecule inhibitors or activators are also demonstrated. Interestingly, the non-autophagy function of ULK1 has been emerging, indicating that non-autophagy-relevant ULK1 signaling network is also linked with diseases under some specific contexts. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the structure and functions of ULK1 as an autophagic initiator, with a focus on some new approaches, and further elucidated the key roles of ULK1 in autophagy and non-autophagy. Additionally, we also discussed the relationships between ULK1 and human diseases, as well as illustrated a rapid progress for better understanding of the discovery of more candidate small-molecule drugs targeting ULK1, which will provide a clue on novel ULK1-targeted therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongqi Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiya Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
| | - Yue Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
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18
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Zhang X, Guo Q, Li C, Liu R, Xu T, Jin Z, Xi Y, Qin Y, Li W, Chen S, Xu L, Lin L, Shao K, Wang S, Xie Y, Sun H, Li P, Chu X, Chai K, Shu Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hu J, Shi B, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Jiang J, He S, He J, Sun M, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zheng H, Hou W, Hua B. Immortal Time Bias-Corrected Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (C-EVID): A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845613. [PMID: 35530347 PMCID: PMC9076129 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relatively little is known about the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods In this nationwide, multicenter, prospective, cohort study, eligible patients aged 18-75 years with radical resection, and histologically confirmed stage II-IIIA NSCLC were enrolled. All patients received 4 cycles of standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who received Chinese herbal decoction and (or) oral Chinese patent medicine for a cumulative period of not less than 6 months were defined as TCM group, otherwise they were considered as control group. The primary endpoint was DFS calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. A time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model was used to correct immortal time bias. The secondary endpoints included DFS in patients of different characteristics, and safety analyses. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800015776). Results A total of 507 patients were included (230 patients in the TCM group; 277 patients in the control group). The median follow-up was 32.1 months. 101 (44%) in the TCM group and 186 (67%) in the control group had disease relapse. The median DFS was not reached in the TCM group and was 19.4 months (95% CI, 14.2 to 24.6) in the control group. The adjusted time-dependent HR was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.78), equalling to a 39% reduction in the risk of disease recurrence with TCM. the number needed to treat to prevent one patient from relapsing was 4.29 (95% CI, 3.15 to 6.73) at 5 years. Similar results were observed in most of subgroups. Patients had a significant improvement in white blood cell decrease, nausea, decreased appetite, diarrhea, pain, and fatigue in the TCM group. Conclusion TCM may improves DFS and has a better tolerability profile in patients with stage II-IIIA NSCLC receiving standard chemotherapy after complete resection compared with those receiving standard chemotherapy alone. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Conghuang Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yupeng Xi
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinggang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuntai Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenyu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) & Western Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) & Western Medicine, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyang Chu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qijin Shu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) & Western Medicine, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Shi
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shulin He
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxi Sun
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baojin Hua, ; Wei Hou, ; Honggang Zheng,
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baojin Hua, ; Wei Hou, ; Honggang Zheng,
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baojin Hua, ; Wei Hou, ; Honggang Zheng,
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19
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Xu Z, Hou Y, Zou C, Liang H, Mu J, Jiao X, Zhu Y, Su L, Liu M, Chen X, Qian C, Zhu X, Gong W, Dong Q, Zhang F. Alizarin, a nature compound, inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells by abrogating NF-κB activation. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:2759-2774. [PMID: 35541911 PMCID: PMC9066114 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.70567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current performance of nature compounds in antitumor field is gradually attracted more and more attention, we discovered a nature active ingredient alizarin possess potent natural reductive NF-κB activity to against pancreatic cancer. However, the preclinical pharmacology and therapeutic effect, and the underlying mechanisms of alizarin in inhibiting pancreatic cancer are still unclear. After high-throughput screening, this is the first report that alizarin can induce a potent inhibitory effect against pancreatic cancer cells. Alizarin induced cell cycle arrest and promoted cell apoptosis by inhibiting TNF-α-stimulated NF-κB activity and nuclear translocation, and inactivated its related TNF-α-TAK1-NF-κB signaling cascade followed by downregulation of NF-κB target genes involved in cell apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, XIAP) and in the cell cycle and growth (cyclin D, c-myc). Due to the abrogation of NF-κB activity, combination of alizarin and gemcitabine exerted a better inhibitory effect on pancreatic cancer. In summary, natural component alizarin, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo through targeting of the NF-κB signaling cascade with minimal toxicity, which combine with gemcitabine, can significantly enhance the antitumor capability, playing a synergistic effect. Therefore, alizarin may play a role in reversing gemcitabine resistance caused by overactivated NF-κB in clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yifei Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunpu Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haibin Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiasheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoning Jiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yangzhuangzhuang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunmei Qian
- Experimental Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiandan Zhu
- Experimental Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
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20
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Harnessing Natural Killer Cells in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040605. [PMID: 35203256 PMCID: PMC8869885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are two main subtypes: small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for 85% of lung cancer diagnoses. Early lung cancer very often has no specific symptoms, and many patients present with late stage disease. Despite the various treatments currently available, many patients experience tumor relapse or develop therapeutic resistance, highlighting the need for more effective therapies. The development of immunotherapies has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape by enhancing the body’s own immune system to fight cancer. Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial anti-tumor immune cells, and their exclusion from the tumor microenvironment is associated with poorer survival. It is well established that NK cell frequencies and functions are impaired in NSCLC; thus, placing NK cell-based immunotherapies as a desirable therapeutic concept for this malignancy. Immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors are transforming outcomes for NSCLC. This review explores the current treatment landscape for NSCLC, the role of NK cells and their dysfunction in the cancer setting, the advancement of NK cell therapies, and their future utility in NSCLC.
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21
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Li S, Dou B, Shu S, Wei L, Zhu S, Ke Z, Wang Z. Suppressing NK Cells by Astragaloside IV Protects Against Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Via Inhibiting STAT3. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:802047. [PMID: 35185544 PMCID: PMC8852846 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.802047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a key member of innate lymphocytes, are a promising immunotherapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is isolated from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Fabaceae), a herbal medicine possessing immunomodulatory ability. This study investigated the effect of ASIV on NK cells during the acute stage of brain ischemic injury in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). MCAO mice treated with ASIV had better functional outcomes, smaller brain infarction and less NK cell brain infiltration. NK cell depletion echoed the protective effect of ASIV. Notably, ASIV did not enhance the protective effect of NK cell depletion against brain ischemic injury. ASIV inhibited glial cell-derived CCL2-mediated chemotaxis to prevent post-ischemic NK cell brain recruitment. Meanwhile, ASIV also abrogated NK cell-mediated cytolytic killing of neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and suppressed NK cell-derived IFN-γ and NKG2D expression in the ischemic brain. The inhibitory effect of ASIV on NK cell brain infiltration and activation was mimicked by cryptotanshinone, a STAT3 inhibitor. There was no additive effect when ASIV and cryptotanshinone were used together. In conclusion, ASIV inhibits post-ischemic brain infiltration and activation of NK cells through STAT3 suppression, and this inhibitory effect of ASIV on NK cells plays a key role in its protection against acute ischemic brain injury. Our findings suggest that ASIV is a promising therapeutic candidate in NK cell-based immunotherapy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and pave the way for potential clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baokai Dou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zunji Ke
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zunji Ke, ; Zhifei Wang,
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zunji Ke, ; Zhifei Wang,
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22
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Yan X, Yao C, Fang C, Han M, Gong C, Hu D, Shen W, Wang L, Li S, Zhu S. Rocaglamide promotes the infiltration and antitumor immunity of NK cells by activating cGAS-STING signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:585-598. [PMID: 35002511 PMCID: PMC8741839 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy is clinically limited due to insufficient tumor infiltration in solid tumors. We have previously found that the natural product rocaglamide (RocA) can enhance NK cell-mediated killing of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by inhibiting autophagy, and autophagic inhibition has been shown to increase NK cell tumor infiltration in melanoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that RocA could increase NK cell infiltration in NSCLC by autophagy inhibition. Methods: Flow cytometry, RNA-sequencing, real-time PCR, Western blotting analysis, and xenograft tumor model were utilized to assess the infiltration of NK cells and the underlying mechanism. Results: RocA significantly increased the infiltration of NK cells and the expressions of CCL5 and CXCL10 in NSCLC cells, which could not be reversed by the inhibitions of autophagy/ULK1, JNK and NF-κB. However, such up-regulation could be suppressed by the inhibitions of TKB1 and STING. Furthermore, RocA dramatically activated the cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase)-STING (stimulator of interferon genes) signaling pathway, and the inhibition/depletion of STING ablated the up-regulation of CCL5 and CXCL10, NK cell infiltration, and tumor regression induced by RocA. Besides, RocA damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and promoted the cytoplasmic release of mtDNA. The mPTP inhibitor cyclosporin A could reverse RocA-induced cytoplasmic release of mtDNA. Conclusions: RocA could promote NK cell infiltration by activating cGAS-STING signaling via targeting mtDNA, but not by inhibiting autophagy. Taken together, our current findings suggested that RocA was a potent cGAS-STING agonist and had a promising potential in cancer immunotherapy, especially in NK cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Yan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yao
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Min Han
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chenyuan Gong
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Shen
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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23
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Chen W, Bai S, Peng W, Zheng M, Yang Y, Cheng B, Luan Z. Targeted intervention of eIF4A1 inhibits EMT and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells via c-MYC/miR-9 signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:670. [PMID: 34906136 PMCID: PMC8672469 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to the lack of effective treatment options, early metastasis remains the major cause of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) recurrence and mortality. However, the molecular mechanism of early metastasis is largely unknown. We characterized the function of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cells to investigate whether eIFs and downstream c-MYC affect EMT and metastasis by joint interference. Methods We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genome Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases to analyze eIF4A1 expression in PDAC tissues and further validated the findings with a microarray containing 53 PDAC samples. Expression regulation and pharmacological inhibition of eIF4A1 and c-MYC were performed to determine their role in migration, invasion, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Results Elevated eIF4A1 expression was positively correlated with lymph node infiltration, tumor size, and indicated a poor prognosis. eIF4A1 decreased E-cadherin expression through the c-MYC/miR-9 axis. Loss of eIF4A1 and c-MYC decreased the EMT and metastasis capabilities of pancreatic cancer cells, whereas upregulation of eIF4A1 attenuated the inhibition of EMT and metastasis induced by c-MYC downregulation. Treatment with the eIF4A1 inhibitor rocaglamide (RocA) or the c-MYC inhibitor Mycro3 either alone or in combination significantly decreased the expression level of EMT markers in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. However, the efficiency and safety of RocA alone were not inferior to those of the combination treatment in vivo. Conclusion Overexpression of eIF4A1 downregulated E-cadherin expression through the c-MYC/miR-9 axis, which promoted EMT and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Despite the potential feedback loop between eIF4A1 and c-MYC, RocA monotherapy is a promising treatment inhibiting eIF4A1-induced PDAC metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02390-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Departement of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road No. 1, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuya Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengli Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yilei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhou Luan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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24
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Zhang MY, Huo C, Liu JY, Shi ZE, Zhang WD, Qu JJ, Yue YL, Qu YQ. Identification of a Five Autophagy Subtype-Related Gene Expression Pattern for Improving the Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:756911. [PMID: 34869345 PMCID: PMC8636677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.756911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy plays an important role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In this study, we aimed to explore the autophagy-related gene (ARG) expression pattern and to identify promising autophagy-related biomarkers to improve the prognosis of LUAD. Methods: The gene expression profiles and clinical information of LUAD patients were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and validation cohort information was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The Human Autophagy Database (HADb) was used to extract ARGs. Gene expression data were analyzed using the limma package and visualized using the ggplot2 package as well as the pheatmap package in R software. Functional enrichment analysis was also performed for the differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs). Then, consensus clustering revealed autophagy-related tumor subtypes, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened according to the subtypes. Next, the univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent prognostic ARGs. After overlapping DEGs and the independent prognostic ARGs, the predictive risk model was established and validated. Correlation analyses between ARGs and clinicopathological variables were also explored. Finally, the TIMER and TISIDB databases were used to further explore the correlation analysis between immune cell infiltration levels and the risk score as well as clinicopathological variables in the predictive risk model. Results: A total of 222 genes from the HADb were identified as ARGs, and 28 of the 222 genes were pooled as DEARGs. The most significant GO term was autophagy (p = 3.05E-07), and KEGG analysis results indicated that 28 DEARGs were significantly enriched in the ErbB signaling pathway (p < 0.001). Then, consensus clustering analysis divided the LUAD into two clusters, and a total of 168 DEGs were identified according to cluster subtypes. Then univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify 12 genes that could serve as independent prognostic indicators. After overlapping 168 DEGs and 12 genes, 10 genes (ATG4A, BAK1, CAPNS1, CCR2, CTSD, EIF2AK3, ITGB1, MBTPS2, SPHK1, ST13) were selected for the further exploration of the prognostic pattern. Survival analysis results indicated that this risk model identified the prognosis (p = 4.379E-10). Combined with the correlation analysis results between ARGs and clinicopathological variables, five ARGs were screened as prognostic genes. Among them, SPHK1 expression levels were positively correlated with CD4+ T cells and dendritic cell infiltration levels. Conclusions: In this study, we constructed a predictive risk model and identified a five autophagy subtype-related gene expression pattern to improve the prognosis of LUAD. Understanding the subtypes of LUAD is helpful to accurately characterize the LUAD and develop personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Huo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuang-E Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Di Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Jia Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Liang Yue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Qing Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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25
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Kang L, Miao MS, Song YG, Fang XY, Zhang J, Zhang YN, Miao JX. Total flavonoids of Taraxacum mongolicum inhibit non-small cell lung cancer by regulating immune function. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114514. [PMID: 34384846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. has been used in lung cancer treatment in Chinese medicine. However, its specific mechanism of action has not yet been reported, and developing pharmaceutical anti-cancer resources is important. Here, we aimed to elucidate the anti-tumor effects of dandelion in vitro and in vivo and assess its effects on immune function in lung cancer patients. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we mainly observed the therapeutic effects of total flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (TFTM) on non-small cell lung cancer and its influence on the body's immune function. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro experiments on A549 and H1299 cells were performed using the CCK8 method; the proliferation and migration of cells were observed to investigate the wound healing effects of TFTM, and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate of TFTM on lung cancer cells. In vivo experiments were preformed to establish a non-small cell lung cancer mouse model using subcutaneously transplanted Lewis cells, and the body weight and tumor growth of the mice were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for tumor tissue to assess pathological changes. The thymus, spleen, and lungs were isolated for to calculate organ index. The CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels were detected in mouse spleen using flow cytometry, and IL-2, IL-3, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels were determined in serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expressions of IL-2, IL-3, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were detected using quantitative real-time PCR in tumor tissues, and Ki67 expression was observed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS At 24 h, TFTM (100 and 200 μg/mL) had the best inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. The cell migration rate significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the tumor inhibition rate increased (P < 0.01) and promoted apoptosis (P < 0.01). The mouse thymus index significantly increased (P < 0.05) and mouse spleen index reduced (P < 0.05). The CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels in Lewis lung cancer mouse model increased, as did the levels of IL-2, IL-3, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the serum and tumor of mice; Ki67 expression in tumor tissues significantly reduced (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION TFTM has an inhibitory effect on lung cancer. The mechanism may be that it improves the host's protective immune response by having a milder tumor growth inhibitory effect than cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ming-San Miao
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ya-Gang Song
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Fang
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Jin-Xin Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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26
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Ng W, Gong C, Yan X, Si G, Fang C, Wang L, Zhu X, Xu Z, Yao C, Zhu S. Targeting CD155 by rediocide-A overcomes tumour immuno-resistance to natural killer cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:47-53. [PMID: 33399495 PMCID: PMC7801066 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1865410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Therapeutic benefits of immunotherapy are restricted by cancer immune-resistance mechanisms. Rediocide-A (Red-A), a natural product extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine, is a promising agent to battle against cancer which acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Red-A on NK-cell tumouricidal activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS NK cells were co-cultured with A549 or H1299 cells and treated with 10 or 100 nM Red-A for 24 h. Cells treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was employed as vehicle control. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity was detected by biophotonic cytotoxicity and impedance assay. Degranulation, granzyme B, NK cell-tumour cell conjugates and ligands profiling were detected by flow cytometry. Interferon-γ (IFN- γ) production was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Red-A increased NK cell-mediated lysis of A549 cells by 3.58-fold (21.86% vs. 78.27%) and H1299 cells by 1.26-fold (59.18% vs. 74.78%), compared to vehicle control. Granzyme B level was increased by 48.01% (A549 cells) and 53.26% (H1299 cells) after 100 nM Red-A treatment. INF-γ level was increased by 3.23-fold (A549 cells) and 6.77-fold (H1299 cells) after 100 nM Red-A treatment. Red-A treatment down-regulated the expression level of CD155 by 14.41% and 11.66% in A549 cells and H1299 cells, respectively, leading to the blockade of tumour immuno-resistance to NK cells. CONCLUSIONS Red-A overcomes immuno-resistance of NSCLCs to NK cells by down-regulating CD155 expression, which shows the possibility of developing checkpoint inhibitors targeting TIGIT/CD155 signalling to overcome immuno-resistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Ng
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenyuan Gong
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xuewei Yan
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guifan Si
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chen Fang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zihang Xu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Yao
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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27
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Advances in plant-derived natural products for antitumor immunotherapy. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:987-1011. [PMID: 34751930 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a novel antitumor strategy in addition to traditional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It uniquely focuses on immune cells and immunomodulators in the tumor microenvironment and helps eliminate tumors at the root by rebuilding the immune system. Despite remarkable breakthroughs, cancer immunotherapy still faces many challenges: lack of predictable and prognostic biomarkers, adverse side effects, acquired treatment resistance, high costs, etc. Therefore, more efficacious and efficient, safer and cheaper antitumor immunomodulatory drugs have become an urgent requirement. For decades, plant-derived natural products obtained from land and sea have provided the most important source for the development of antitumor drugs. Currently, more attention is being paid to the discovery of potential cancer immunotherapy modulators from plant-derived natural products, such as polysaccharides, phenols, terpenoids, quinones and alkaloids. Some of these agents have outstanding advantages of multitargeting and low side effects and low cost compared to conventional immunotherapeutic agents. We intend to summarize the progress of comprehensive research on these plant-derived natural products and their derivatives and discuss their possible mechanisms in regulating the immune system and their efficacy as monotherapies or in combination with regular chemotherapeutic agents.
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28
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The prohibitin-binding compound fluorizoline inhibits mitophagy in cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:64. [PMID: 34580273 PMCID: PMC8476632 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorizoline is a prohibitin-binding compound that triggers apoptosis in several cell lines from murine and human origin, as well as in primary cells from hematologic malignancies by inducing the integrated stress response and ER stress. Recently, it was described that PHB (Prohibitin) 1 and 2 are crucial mitophagy receptors involved in mediating the autophagic degradation of mitochondria. We measured mitophagy in HeLa cells expressing Parkin and in A549, a lung cancer cell line that can undergo mitophagy in a Parkin-independent manner, and we demonstrated that both fluorizoline and rocaglamide A, another PHB-binding molecule, inhibit CCCP- and OA-induced mitophagy. Moreover, we demonstrated that PHBs are mediating Parkin-dependent mitophagy. In conclusion, besides being a potent pro-apoptotic compound, we present fluorizoline as a promising new mitophagy modulator that could be used as anticancer agent.
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Zhuang M, Jiang S, Gu A, Chen X, E M. Radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticle loaded with small interfering RNA-SP1 on lung cancer: AuNPs-si-SP1 regulates GZMB for radiosensitivity. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101210. [PMID: 34517158 PMCID: PMC8435925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
siRNA-SP1-loaded AuNPs (AuNPs-si-SP1) inhibits SP1 expression in lung cancer cells. GZMB expression is elevated by silencing SP1 in lung cancer cells. AuNPs-si-SP1 combined with radiotherapy inhibits lung cancer growth effectively. AuNPs-si-SP1 enhances radiosensitivity of lung cancer via SP1/GZMB axis. AuNPs-si-SP1 provides a novel target for radiotherapy of lung cancer.
Radioresistance is a major challenge that largely limits the efficacy of radiotherapy in lung cancer. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are emerging as novel radiosensitizers for cancer patients. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the radiosensitizing effect and mechanism of AuNPs loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-SP1 (AuNPs-si-SP1) on lung cancer. AuNPs-si-SP1 was prepared by the noncovalent binding between AuNPs and siRNA-SP1. The adsorption capacity of AuNPs to siRNA-SP1 was analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The cell uptake of AuNPs-si-SP1 was observed under a laser confocal microscopy. Silencing efficacy of AuNPs-si-SP1 was validated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay, radiosensitization by plate colony formation assay, cell apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry, and DNA double strand breaks by immunofluorescence in the presence or absence of AuNPs-si-SP1 or GZMB. The downstream mechanism of SP1 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis, followed by verification by Western blot analysis. Subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice was established to verify the radiosensitization of AuNPs-si-SP1 and GZMB in vivo. AuNPs-si-SP1 effectively absorbed SP1 siRNA and was highly internalized by A549 cells to reduce SP1 protein expression. AuNPs-si-SP1 or GZMB overexpression promoted cells to G2/M phase, DNA double strand breaks, and enhanced radiosensitivity. SP1 could repress GZMB expression in lung cancer cells. In vivo experiments manifested that AuNPs-si-SP1 could inhibit the growth of solid tumor in nude mice to achieve radiosensitization by inhibiting SP1 to upregulate GZMB. AuNPs-si-SP1 might increase the radiosensitivity of lung cancer by inhibiting SP1 to upregulate GZMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Tumor Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Tumor Hospital, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Anxin Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Tumor Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Tumor Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Mingyan E
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Tumor Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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30
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Zeng Y, Lv X, Du J. Natural killer cell‑based immunotherapy for lung cancer: Challenges and perspectives (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:232. [PMID: 34498710 PMCID: PMC8444189 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the marked success of molecular targeted therapy in lung cancer in this era of personalized medicine, its efficacy has been limited by the presence of resistance mechanisms. The prognosis of patients with lung cancer remains poor, and there is an unmet need to develop more effective therapies to improve clinical outcomes. The increasing insight into the human immune system has led to breakthroughs in immunotherapy and has prompted research interest in employing immunotherapy to treat lung cancer. Natural killer (NK) cells, which serve as the first line of defense against tumors, can induce the innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, the use of NK cells for the development of novel lung-cancer immunotherapy strategies is promising. A growing number of novel approaches that boost NK cell antitumor immunity and expand NK cell populations ex vivo now provide a platform for the development of antitumor immunotherapy. The present review outlined the biology of NK cells, summarized the role of NK cells in lung cancer and the effect of the tumor microenvironment on NK cells, highlighted the potential of NK cell-based immunotherapy as an effective therapeutic strategy for lung cancer and discussed future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
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31
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Zheng Z, Ma Y, Wang L, Deng H, Wang Z, Li J, Xu Z. Chinese herbal medicine Feiyanning cooperates with cisplatin to enhance cytotoxicity to non-small-cell lung cancer by inhibiting protective autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114196. [PMID: 33984457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Feiyanning (FYN), the Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), has been used to manage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for the past 23 years. Chemotherapeutic drugs can induce autophagy in cancer cells to protect themselves from death. However, FYN can inhibit the protective autophagy in cancer cells. We investigated the biological mechanisms on the synergistic effects of FYN combined with chemotherapy in lung cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the effective chemical components for the quality control of FYN using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.The cell proliferation ability was detected by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation. The cell apoptosis was determined with Flow cytometry. Expression of important differential proteins were detected by western blot. Autophagy structure was observed by TEM (Tansmission electron microscopy). Tandem mCherry-EGFP-LC3B immunofluorescence was used to measure autophagic flux. RESULTS Both FYN and cisplatin significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in A549 cells. FYN reduced cell viability and increased apoptotic cell populations less effectively than cisplatin. FYN cooperated with cisplatin suppressed the cell viability, colony formation, as well as increased the cell apoptosis rate, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. FYN inhibited autophagy in A549 cells, which characterized by the decrease of autophagosome formation, lysosomal fusion, LC3B-II accumulation and SQSTM1 degradation, down-regulation of ATG5 and ATG7. Protective autophagy in A549 cells was induced by cisplatin. Suppression of the autophagic response using chloroquine (CQ) which is autophagy inhibitor improved the ability of cisplatin to kill cancer cells, as did FYN combined with cisplatin. CONCLUSION In summary, we revealed that the synergistic mechanism of FYN and cisplatin is that FYN inhibited the protective autophagy induced by cisplatin in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Haibin Deng
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jianwen Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Zhenye Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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32
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Yan QX, Pan Y, Huang HL, Zhao H. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Lung Cancer. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.251.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Sun Y, Gong C, Ni Z, Hu D, Ng W, Zhu X, Wang L, Si G, Yan X, Zhao C, Yao C, Zhu S. Tanshinone IIA enhances susceptibility of non-small cell lung cancer cells to NK cell-mediated lysis by up-regulating ULBP1 and DR5. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:315-325. [PMID: 33909909 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma1120-776rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have a great potential in cancer immunotherapy. However, their therapeutic efficacy is clinically limited owing to cancer cell immune escape. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop novel method to improve the antitumor immunity of NK cells. In the present study, it was found that the natural product tanshinone IIA (TIIA) enhanced NK cell-mediated killing of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. TIIA in combination with adoptive transfer of NK cells synergistically suppressed the tumor growth of NSCLC cells in an immune-incompetent mouse model. Furthermore, TIIA significantly inhibited the tumor growth of Lewis lung cancer (LLC) in an immune-competent syngeneic mouse model, and such inhibitory effect was reversed by the depletion of NK cells. Moreover, TIIA increased expressions of ULBP1 and DR5 in NSCLC cells, and inhibition of DR5 and ULBP1 reduced the enhancement of NK cell-mediated lysis by TIIA. Besides, TIIA increased the levels of p-PERK, ATF4 and CHOP. Knockdown of ATF4 completely reversed the up-regulation of ULBP1 and DR5 by TIIA in all detected NSCLC cells, while knockdown of CHOP only partly reduced these enhanced expressions in small parts of NSCLC cells. These results demonstrated that TIIA could increase the susceptibility of NSCLC cells to NK cell-mediated lysis by up-regulating ULBP1 and DR5, suggesting that TIIA had a promising potential in cancer immunotherapy, especially in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenyuan Gong
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhongya Ni
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wanyi Ng
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guifan Si
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Yan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yao
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Carvajal L, Gutiérrez J, Morselli E, Leiva A. Autophagy Process in Trophoblast Cells Invasion and Differentiation: Similitude and Differences With Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637594. [PMID: 33937039 PMCID: PMC8082112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early human placental development begins with blastocyst implantation, then the trophoblast differentiates and originates the cells required for a proper fetal nutrition and placental implantation. Among them, extravillous trophoblast corresponds to a non-proliferating trophoblast highly invasive that allows the vascular remodeling which is essential for appropriate placental perfusion and to maintain the adequate fetal growth. This process involves different placental cell types as well as molecules that allow cell growth, cellular adhesion, tissular remodeling, and immune tolerance. Remarkably, some of the cellular processes required for proper placentation are common between placental and cancer cells to finally support tumor growth. Indeed, as in placentation trophoblasts invade and migrate, cancer cells invade and migrate to promote tumor metastasis. However, while these processes respond to a controlled program in trophoblasts, in cancer cells this regulation is lost. Interestingly, it has been shown that autophagy, a process responsible for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, is required for invasion of trophoblast cells and for vascular remodeling during placentation. In cancer cells, autophagy has a dual role, as it has been shown both as tumor promoter and inhibitor, depending on the stage and tumor considered. In this review, we summarized the similarities and differences between trophoblast cell invasion and cancer cell metastasis specifically evaluating the role of autophagy in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carvajal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
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35
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Jiang T, Chen X, Ren X, Yang JM, Cheng Y. Emerging role of autophagy in anti-tumor immunity: Implications for the modulation of immunotherapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 56:100752. [PMID: 33765484 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as CAR-T cell transfer and antibody-targeted therapy have produced promising clinical outcomes in patients with advanced and metastatic cancer that are resistant to conventional therapies. However, with increasing use of cancer immunotherapy in clinical treatment, multiple therapy-resistance mechanisms have gradually emerged. The tumor microenvironment (TME), an integral component of cancer, can significantly influence the therapeutic response. Thus, it is worth exploring the potential of TME in modulating therapy resistance, in the hope to devise novel strategies to reinforcing anti-cancer treatments such as immunotherapy. As a crucial recycling process in the complex TME, the role of autophagy in tumor immunity has been increasingly appreciated. Firstly, autophagy in tumor cells can affect their immune response through modulating MHC-I-antigen complexes, thus modulating immunogenic tumor cell death, changing functions of immune cells via secretory autophagy, reducing the NK- and CTL-mediated cell lysis and degradation of immune checkpoint proteins. Secondly, autophagy is critical for the differentiation, maturation and survival of immune cells in the TME and can significantly affect the immune function of these cells, thereby regulating the anti-tumor immune response. Thirdly, alteration of autophagic activity in stromal cells, especially in fibroblasts, can reconstruct the three-dimensional stromal environment and metabolic reprogramming in the TME. A number of studies have demonstrated that optimal induction or inhibition of autophagy may lead to effective therapeutic regimens when combined with immunotherapy. This review discusses the important roles of autophagy in tumor cells, immune cells and stromal cells in the context of tumor immunity, and the potential of combining the autophagy-based therapy with immunotherapy as novel therapeutic approaches against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xisha Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xingcong Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Wang X, Zhong L, Zhao Y. Oncolytic adenovirus: A tool for reversing the tumor microenvironment and promoting cancer treatment (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:49. [PMID: 33760203 PMCID: PMC7934214 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogene therapy can enhance the antitumor immune effect by introducing genes encoding co‑stimulation molecules, cytokines, chemokines and tumor‑associated antigens into treatment cells or human cells through genetic engineering techniques. Oncolytic viruses can specifically target tumor cells and replicate indefinitely until they kill tumor cells. If combined with immunogene therapy, oncolytic viruses can play a more powerful antitumor role. The high pressure, hypoxia and acidity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) provide suitable conditions for tumor cells to survive. To maximize the potency of oncolytic viruses, various methods are being developed to promote the reversal of the TME, thereby maximizing transmission of replication and immunogenicity. The aim of the present review was to discuss the basic mechanisms underlying the effects of oncolytic adenoviruses on the TME, and suggest how to combine the modification of the adenovirus with the TME to further combat malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Wang
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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37
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Xu Z, Zhu X, Su L, Zou C, Chen X, Hou Y, Gong C, Ng W, Ni Z, Wang L, Yan X, Zhu Y, Jiao X, Yao C, Zhu S. A high-throughput assay for screening natural products that boost NK cell-mediated killing of cancer cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:357-366. [PMID: 32356467 PMCID: PMC7241510 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1748661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Context: Natural killer (NK) cells can eliminate malignant cells and play a vital role in immunosurveillance. Administration of natural compounds represents a promising approach for antitumor immunotherapy, which may enhance the NK cell activity via multiple mechanisms.Objective: Establishing approaches to evaluate the effect of select natural products on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Materials and methods: We selected a natural product library containing 2880 pure compounds, which was provided by the National Centre for Drug Screening of China. 0.1% DMSO was employed as a negative control, and 100 U/mL human recombinant IL-2 was employed as a positive control. To evaluate the % of tumour cells which were killed by NK cells, expanded NK cells were co-cultured with tumour cells and then treated with natural products at the concentration of 10 μM. After 24-h co-incubation, luminescent signal was detected and percent lysis was calculated.Results: We report on the results of a three-round high-throughput screening effort that identified 20-deoxyingenol 3-angelate (DI3A) and its analogue ingenol 3-angelate (I3A) as immuno enhancers which boosts NK cell-mediated killing of non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Biophotonic cytotoxicity assay and calcein release assay were used as two well-established NK cell cytotoxicity detection assays to validate the immuno-enhancing effects of DI3A and I3A, which was achieved by increasing degranulation and interferon-gamma secretion of NK cells.Conclusions: Our newly established ATP-based method was a valuable and information-rich screening tool to investigate the biological effects of natural products on both NK cells and tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Xu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Su
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunpu Zou
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Hou
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyuan Gong
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyi Ng
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongya Ni
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewei Yan
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangzhuangzhuang Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Jiao
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- CONTACT Chao Yao
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shiguo Zhu Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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38
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Gong Y, Deng J, Wu X. Germline mutations and blood malignancy (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 45:49-57. [PMID: 33200226 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations are congenital genetic mutations in germ cells that originate from sperm or ovum and are generally incorporated into every cell of the offspring's body. Somatic mutations are acquired genetic mutations that form under the influence of environmental factors during embryo formation and epigenetic development. Generally, only a portion of the cells in the human body have the same somatic mutations. Clinical detection of germline mutations is intended to determine inherited malignancies and identify high‑risk families, and detection of somatic mutation is proposed to find targeted drugs, monitor tumor loading for guided therapy, and evaluate prognosis. Large‑scale population cohort studies have shown that germline mutations are closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of diseases. Patients with cancer‑predisposition germline mutations can be used as sentinels in high‑risk families. Traditional histopathology is no longer enough to identify types of cancers. Even within a particular type of tumor, there is great heterogeneity between internal molecules. The Pan‑Cancer Research Program as well as other projects seek to use large quantities of data from different types of tumor research databases to carry out integrated analysis in order to establish potential non‑tumor‑specific tumor markers and targets by increasing the sample size to identify more molecular mechanisms. This review intends to summarize some of the relevant mechanisms underlying germline mutations in blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Gong
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jili Deng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Ni L, Li Z, Shi X, Yao C, Sun J, Ai M, Li S, Liu Y, Xu F, Zhou Y, Li J, Qiu L. Rosthorin A inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell growth and metastasis through repressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via downregulating Slug. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 31:997-1003. [PMID: 33065690 PMCID: PMC7566306 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer always ranks first in the number of cancer deaths every year, accounting for 18.4% of total cancer deaths in 2018. Metastasis is the main cause of death in lung cancer patients. The identification of bioactive components of traditional Chinese medicine is very important for the development of novel reagents against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Rosthorin A has originated from Rabdosia rosthornii (Diels) Hara which excerpts from 'Chinese materia medica', and is known to have 'clear heat phlegm' properties in the folk. Little is known about the biological functions and mechanisms of Rosthorin A in cancer cells at present. The role of EMT in metastasis of a tumor cell is self-evident. Slug is an important EMT inducer, which is related to the development of lung cancer. Cell growth, clone assay, cell migration, cell invasion, and protein expression, and NSCLC transplanted tumor growth were performed in A549, H1299, and H1975 cells. Rosthorin A significantly inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells, it could prolong the survival of nude mice. Rosthorin A inhibited the migration and invasion of A549, H1299, and H1975 cells. Rosthorin A up-regulated E-cadherin expression level and down-regulated the expression of β-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin, Slug, and Twist. Rosthorin A could promote the expression of E-cadherin and inhibit the development of EMT by downregulating Slug, to inhibit the development and metastasis of NSCLC cells. In summary, Rosthorin A could be used as a promising candidate for the treatment of NSCLC patients with recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ni
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
| | - Zhongjie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi
| | - Xuelin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi
| | - Chao Yao
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Jiangnan Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
| | - Min Ai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
| | - Yixiao Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
| | - Yuetao Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
| | - Jiangan Li
- Emergency Department, Wuxi No.2 Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Liying Qiu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
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Clinical application and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of lung cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2987-2997. [PMID: 33065603 PMCID: PMC7752681 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by a rapid proliferation rate, less survivability, high mortality, and metastatic potential. This review focuses on updated research about the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an adjuvant therapy to lung cancer treatment and the mechanisms of TCM effect on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. We summarized the recent 5 years of different research progress on clinical applications and antitumor mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer. As a potent adjuvant therapy, TCM could enhance conventional treatments (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and epidermal growth factor receptors [EGFRs] tyrosine kinase inhibitors [TKIs]) effects as well as provide synergistic effects, enhance chemotherapy drugs chemosensitivity, reverse drug resistance, reduce adverse reactions and toxicity, relieve patients’ pain and improve quality of life (QOL). After treating with TCM, lung cancer cells will induce apoptosis and/or autophagy, suppress metastasis, impact immune reaction, and therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, TCM is a promisingly potent adjuvant therapy in the treatment of lung cancer and its multiple mechanisms are worthy of an in-depth study.
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Yang C, Wang Y, Xue W, Xie Y, Dong Q, Zhu C. Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) Network Analysis of Autophagy-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2020; 13:445-462. [PMID: 33116760 PMCID: PMC7568685 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s267563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Autophagy plays an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to develop an autophagy-related genes signature predicting the prognosis of HCC and to depict a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Methods Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DE-ATGs), miRNAs and lncRNAs and clinical data of HCC patients were extracted from TCGA. The GO and KEGG analysis were performed to investigate the gene function. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify a prognostic signature with the DE-ATGs. And a nomogram, adapted to the clinical characteristics, was established. Then, we established a ceRNA network related to autophagy genes. Results We screened out 27 differentially expressed genes which were enriched in GO and KEGG pathways related to autophagy and cancers. In univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, BIRC5, HSPB8, and SQSTM1 were screened out to establish a prognostic risk score model (AUC=0.749, p<0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival of high-risk patients was significantly worse. Furthermore, the signature was validated in the other two independent databases. The nomogram, including the autophagy-related risk signature, gender, stage and TNM, was constructed and validated (C-index=0.736). Finally, the ceRNA network was established based on DE-ATGs, differentially expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs. Conclusion We constructed a reliable prognostic model of HCC with autophagy-related genes and depicted a ceRNA network of DE-ATGs in HCC which provides a basis for the study of post-transcriptional modification and regulation of autophagy-related genes in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhan Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Jia W, Li J, Zhu H, Yu J. Identification of Survival-Associated Alternative Splicing Signatures in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:587343. [PMID: 33117720 PMCID: PMC7561379 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.587343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Alternative splicing (AS) is a post-transcriptional process that plays a significant role in enhancing the diversity of transcription and protein. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that dysregulation of AS is associated with oncogenic processes. However, AS signature specifically in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic values of AS events in LUSC patients. Methods: The RNA-seq data, AS events data and corresponding clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify survival-related AS events and survival-related parent genes were subjected to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and gene network analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to construct prognostic prediction models, and their predictive values were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Then a nomogram was established to predict the survival of LUSC patients. And the interaction network of splicing factors (SFs) and survival-related AS events was constructed by Spearman correlation analysis and visualized by Cytoscape. Results: Totally, 467 LUSC patients were included in this study and 1,991 survival-related AS events within 1,433 genes were identified. SMAD4, FOS, POLR2L, and RNPS1 were the hub genes in the gene interaction network. Eight prognostic prediction models (seven types of AS and all AS) were constructed and all exhibited high efficiency in distinguishing good or poor survival of LUSC patients. The final integrated prediction model including all types of AS events exhibited the best prognostic power with the maximum AUC values of 0.778, 0.816, 0.814 in 1, 3, 5 years ROC curves, respectively. Meanwhile, the nomogram performed well in predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of LUSC patients. In addition, the SF-AS regulatory network uncovered a significant correlation between SFs and survival-related AS events. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive study to analyze the role of AS events in LUSC specifically, which improves our understanding of the prognostic value of survival-related AS events for LUSC. And these survival-related AS events might serve as novel prognostic biomarkers and drug therapeutic targets for LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxiao Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Yang HZ, Zhou XH. Mechanism for hypoxia inducible factor-1α to promote immune escape and therapeutic tolerance in hepatocellular carcinoma under hypoxic microenvironment. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:904-913. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i18.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the largest immune organ in the body, and immunologic tolerance and escape mechanisms play an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. HCC has a complex tumor microenvironment (TME), and it is necessary to study the mechanism that causes HCC cells to escape the body immune surveillance and produce therapeutic resistance in HCC clinical treatment. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that contains α subunits regulated by hypoxia. Tumor cells highly express HIF-1α in a hypoxic environment, which participates in the processes of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, microvascular production, immune escape, and therapeutic tolerance, ultimately promoting tumorigenesis and development. In this paper, we will elaborate on the mechanisms by which HCC cells activate HIF-1α expression to promote hypoxic adaptation in cancer cells and regulate immune escape and treatment tolerance in hypoxic TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Zhen Yang
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xi-Han Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Yao C, Su L, Zhang F, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Wei L, Jiao X, Hou Y, Chen X, Wang W, Wang J, Zhu X, Zou C, Zhu S, Xu Z. Thevebioside, the active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, promotes ubiquitin-mediated SRC-3 degradation to induce NSCLC cells apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:167-177. [PMID: 32829007 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 85% of lung cancer with high incidence and mortality. Accumulating studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active ingredients have good anti-tumor activity. However, the anti-tumor effect of Thevebioside (THB), an active ingredient from TCM, is still unknown in NSCLC. In this study, to our best knowledge, it was the first time to report the underlying mechanism of its tumor-suppressive activity in NSCLC based on our previous high-throughput screening data. We further demonstrated that THB effectively inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells (A549 and H460) by inducing cellular apoptosis rather than cell cycle arrest. Notably, it was demonstrated that SRC-3 was significantly down-regulated after THB treatment dependent on ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation, which subsequently inhibited the IGF-1R-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and promoted apoptosis via both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Collectively, THB exerted inhibitory effect on tumor growth of NSCLC through inhibiting SRC-3 mediated IGF-1R-PI3K-AKT signaling by ubiquitination to induce cellular apoptosis with minimal toxicity no matter in vitro or vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Su
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yangzhuangzhuang Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Luyao Wei
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoning Jiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yifei Hou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wantao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiandan Zhu
- Experimental Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunpu Zou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zihang Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Tan HX, Yang SL, Li MQ, Wang HY. Autophagy suppression of trophoblast cells induces pregnancy loss by activating decidual NK cytotoxicity and inhibiting trophoblast invasion. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:73. [PMID: 32398034 PMCID: PMC7218578 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The crosstalk between trophoblast cells and decidual NK cells plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy. Recent studies reported that autophagy can induce immune tolerance at the maternal fetal interface, while the mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Autophagy levels in the villi of normal and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients were detected by transmission electron microscopy. After co-cultured with trophoblast cells pretreated with 3-MA or rapamycin, NK cells were collected and the expression of killer receptors was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The invasiveness of trophoblasts was tested by Cell invasion assay. RESULTS Compared with elective pregnancy termination patients, the level of autophagy in the villi of RSA patients was significantly decreased. Inducing the autophagy level in trophoblast cells with rapamycin could significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells in the co-culture system, and supplement of IGF-2 could rectify this effect. Meanwhile, autophagy suppression of trophoblasts reduced the level of Paternally Expressed Gene 10 (PEG10), leading to the impairment of trophoblast cell invasion. In addition, NK cells educated by autophagy-inhibited trophoblasts further decreased the proliferation and invasiveness of trophoblasts. In pregnant mice model, injection with 3-MA promoted the cytotoxicity of uterine NK cells, and increased the embryo absorption rate. CONCLUSION Autophagy suppression of trophoblasts increase the cytotoxicity of NK cells and damage the trophoblasts invasion possibly by targeting IGF-2 and PEG10, respectively, which ultimately leads to miscarriage. Video Abstarct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Tan
- Department of Gynecology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shen Yang Road 128, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Liang Yang
- Department of Gynecology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shen Yang Road 128, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Pingliang Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Gynecology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shen Yang Road 128, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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The strong inhibitory effect of combining anti-cancer drugs AT406 and rocaglamide with blue LED irradiation on colorectal cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101797. [PMID: 32360851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is still no satisfying method to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) currently. Inspired by cocktail therapy, the combination of 465 nm blue LED irradiation and two multi-target anticancer agents AT406 and Rocaglamide has been investigated as an innovative way to treat colorectal cancer cells in vitro. It showed a strong inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer cells, and its side effects on human normal cells are negligible. When applied to HCT116 cells, it can achieve an apoptotic rate up to 95%. It is also seen to significantly inhibit proliferation of HT29 cells. Furthermore, little to no cell inhibition or damage of normal MRC-5 cells were seen after treatment. The combination of blue LED irradiation and two anti-cancer drugs causes apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by activating the apoptotic pathway, inhibiting autophagy and proliferation pathways as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Song W, Liu J. EPHA5 mutation impairs natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity against non-small lung cancer cells and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101566. [PMID: 32234341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to evaluate the role of the EPHA5 mutation in the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and in modulating the killing effect of natural killer (NK) cells to NSCLC cells. METHODS EPHA5-wt (wild type) and EPHA5-mut (mutation) plasmids were constructed. EPHA5 was silenced using si-EPHA5. NSCLC cell migration and invasion were determined using Transwell assays. NK cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The killing effect of NK cells to NSCLC cells was also examined. RESULTS EPHA5 mutation significantly promoted migration and invasion in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, EPHA5 mutation notably impaired the cytotoxicity of NK cells against NSCLC cells. In contrast, EPHA5-wt overexpression and EPHA5 silencing exerted the opposite effect. CONCLUSION EPHA5 mutation impairs the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells and promotes migration and invasion in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Sleep, Henan Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Jumin Liu
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Sleep, Henan Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
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Peng P, Zhang X, Qi T, Cheng H, Kong Q, Liu L, Cao X, Ding Z. Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits lung cancer growth via mTOR-mediated autophagy inhibition. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:607-618. [PMID: 32090494 PMCID: PMC7137803 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death, and there remains a need for novel therapies for this malignancy. Here, we examined the effects of alpha‐lipoic acid (LA), a drug used for treating human diabetic complications, on lung cancer growth. We report that LA limited lung cancer growth in xenograft mice and reduced lung cancer A549 cell viability. We observed autophagy activation in human lung cancers, and report that LA inactivated autophagy in A549 cells. In addition, LA activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K signaling. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin reversed LA‐induced inactivation of autophagy and abolished LA‐induced suppression of A549 cell viability. Altogether, the data suggest that LA exerts an anti‐lung cancer effect through mTOR‐mediated inhibition of autophagy, and thus LA may have therapeutic potential for lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Peng
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Tao Qi
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Qiuyue Kong
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Li Liu
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of GeriatricsFirst Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
- Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Xiaofei Cao
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
| | - Zhengnian Ding
- Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityChina
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A Robust Signature Based on Autophagy-Associated LncRNAs for Predicting Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3858373. [PMID: 32190662 PMCID: PMC7072108 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3858373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To construct a predictive signature based on autophagy-associated lncRNAs for predicting prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Materials and Methods. Differentially expressed autophagy genes (DEAGs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were screened between normal and LUAD samples at thresholds of ∣log2Fold Change∣ > 1 and P value < 0.05. Univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify overall survival- (OS-) associated DElncRNAs. The total cohort was randomly divided into a training group (n = 229) and a validation group (n = 229) and a validation group ( Results A total of 30 DEAGs and 2997 DElncRNAs were identified between 497 LUAD tissues and 54 normal tissues; however, only 1183 DElncRNAs were related to the 30 DEAGs. A signature consisting of 13 DElncRNAs was built to predict OS in lung adenocarcinoma, and the survival analysis indicated a significant OS advantage of the low-risk group over the high-risk group in the training group, with a 5-year OS AUC of 0.854. In the validation group, survival analysis also indicated a significantly favorable OS for the low-risk group over the high-risk group, with a 5-year OS AUC of 0.737. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that only positive surgical margin (vs negative surgical margin) and high-risk group (vs low-risk group) based on the predictive signature were independent risk factors predictive of overall mortality in LUAD. Conclusions This study investigated the association between autophagy-associated lncRNAs and prognosis in LUAD and built a robust predictive signature of 13 lncRNAs to predict OS.
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Ben-Shmuel A, Biber G, Barda-Saad M. Unleashing Natural Killer Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment-The Next Generation of Immunotherapy? Front Immunol 2020; 11:275. [PMID: 32153582 PMCID: PMC7046808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy for cancer treatment bears considerable clinical promise. Nevertheless, many patients remain unresponsive, acquire resistance, or suffer dose-limiting toxicities. Immune-editing of tumors assists their escape from the immune system, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) induces immune suppression through multiple mechanisms. Immunotherapy aims to bolster the activity of immune cells against cancer by targeting these suppressive immunomodulatory processes. Natural Killer (NK) cells are a heterogeneous subset of immune cells, which express a diverse array of activating and inhibitory germline-encoded receptors, and are thus capable of directly targeting and killing cancer cells without the need for MHC specificity. Furthermore, they play a critical role in triggering the adaptive immune response. Enhancing the function of NK cells in the context of cancer is therefore a promising avenue for immunotherapy. Different NK-based therapies have been evaluated in clinical trials, and some have demonstrated clinical benefits, especially in the context of hematological malignancies. Solid tumors remain much more difficult to treat, and the time point and means of intervention of current NK-based treatments still require optimization to achieve long term effects. Here, we review recently described mechanisms of cancer evasion from NK cell immune surveillance, and the therapeutic approaches that aim to potentiate NK function. Specific focus is placed on the use of specialized monoclonal antibodies against moieties on the cancer cell, or on both the tumor and the NK cell. In addition, we highlight newly identified mechanisms that inhibit NK cell activity in the TME, and describe how biochemical modifications of the TME can synergize with current treatments and increase susceptibility to NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Ben-Shmuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Guy Biber
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mira Barda-Saad
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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