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Lyu J, Zhang H, Wang C, Pan M. New insight in treating autoimmune diseases by targeting autophagy. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2351872. [PMID: 38739691 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2351872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved biological process in eukaryotes, which degrades cellular misfolded proteins, damaged organelles and invasive pathogens in the lysosome-dependent manner. Autoimmune diseases caused by genetic elements, environments and aberrant immune responses severely impact patients' living quality and even threaten life. Recently, numerous studies have reported autophagy can regulate immune responses, and play an important role in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarised the features of autophagy and autophagy-related genes, enumerated some autophagy-related genes involved in autoimmune diseases, and further overviewed how to treat autoimmune diseases through targeting autophagy. Finally, we outlooked the prospect of relieving and curing autoimmune diseases by targeting autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- The Key Medical Laboratory for Chemical Poison Detection of Henan Province, The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Zhou L, Zhang L, Lv Y, Qian J, Huang L, Qu C. YTHDC1 inhibits autophagy-dependent NF-κB signaling by stabilizing Beclin1 mRNA in macrophages. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38877444 PMCID: PMC11179287 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND YTHDC1, a key m(6)A nuclear reader, plays a crucial role in regulating mRNA splicing, export, and stability. However, the functional significance and regulatory mechanisms of YTHDC1 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain to be explored. METHODS We established a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis model in vivo and LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophage inflammation in vitro. The expression of YTHDC1 was determined. Colocalization of YTHDC1 and macrophages was assayed by immunofluorescence staining. LV-YTHDC1 or shYTHDC1 lentiviruses were applied for YTHDC1 overexpression or inhibition. For NF-κB inhibition, JSH-23 was utilized. The interaction of YTHDC1 and Beclin1 mRNA was determined by RIP, and the m6A modification of Beclin1 was confirmed by MeRIP. RESULTS In DSS-induced colitis and LPS/IFN-γ-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, we observed a significant downregulation of YTHDC1. Overexpression of YTHDC1 resulted in decreased levels of iNOS, CD86, and IL-6 mRNA, along with inhibited NF-κB activation in LPS/IFN-γ-treated RAW264.7 cells. Conversely, downregulation of YTHDC1 promoted iNOS expression and inhibited autophagy. Additionally, the effect of YTHDC1 knockdown on CD86 and IL-6 mRNA induced by LPS/IFN-γ was abolished by the NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23. Mechanistically, YTHDC1 interacted with Beclin1 mRNA, thereby stabilizing Beclin1 mRNA and enhancing Beclin1 expression and autophagy. These effects ultimately led to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling in LPS/IFN-γ-challenged macrophages. CONCLUSIONS YTHDC1 inhibited the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response by stabilizing Beclin1 mRNA, which may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68 West Jiyang Road, Suzhou, 215600, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68 West Jiyang Road, Suzhou, 215600, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68 West Jiyang Road, Suzhou, 215600, China
| | - Jiasheng Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68 West Jiyang Road, Suzhou, 215600, China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68 West Jiyang Road, Suzhou, 215600, China.
| | - Chenjiang Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, No. 68 West Jiyang Road, Suzhou, 215600, China.
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Cui Z, Cong M, Yin S, Li Y, Ye Y, Liu X, Tang J. Role of protein degradation systems in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:141. [PMID: 38485957 PMCID: PMC10940631 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis. The ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosome system are the two primary pathways responsible for protein degradation and directly related to cell survival. In malignant tumors, the UPS plays a critical role in managing the excessive protein load caused by cancer cells hyperproliferation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the dual roles played by the UPS and autolysosome system in colorectal cancer (CRC), elucidating their impact on the initiation and progression of this disease while also highlighting their compensatory relationship. Simultaneously targeting both protein degradation pathways offers new promise for enhancing treatment efficacy against CRC. Additionally, apoptosis is closely linked to ubiquitination and autophagy, and caspases degrade proteins. A thorough comprehension of the interplay between various protein degradation pathways is highly important for clarifying the mechanism underlying the onset and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Cui
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingqi Cong
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shengjie Yin
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuguang Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010017, China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Du J, Ji X, Xu B, Du Q, Li Y, Zhou B, Liu X, Xu Z, Jiang Y, Kou B, Li Z, Cui C, Lin J. Ubiquitination of cytoplasmic HMGB1 by RNF186 regulates hepatic lipophagy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2024; 152:155769. [PMID: 38158076 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipophagy is a vital biological process that maintains the balance of intracellular lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the precise regulatory mechanism of RNF186 in hepatic lipophagy is still unclear. This study investigates the roles and mechanisms of RNF186 in the regulation of lipophagy during the development of NAFLD. METHODS In this study, we employed RNF186 knockout mice as well as human liver cells and mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs) to investigate the role and mechanisms of RNF186 in lipophagy during the progression of NAFLD. Additionally, liver specimens from individuals with NAFLD were examined to assess the expression of RNF186 and its associated factors. RESULTS Here, we provide evidence that depletion of RNF186 enhances lipophagy in hepatocytes of a NAFLD model. Mechanistically, RNF186 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets cytoplasmic HMGB1 for lysine 48 (K48)- and K63-linked ubiquitination, leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation. Importantly, the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is responsible for inducing lipophagy in NAFLD samples. Knockdown of HMGB1 significantly reduces the activation of lipophagy and mediates the decrease in lipid accumulation caused by RNF186 depletion in hepatocytes. Furthermore, we find that maintaining the nuclear HMGB1 level and inhibiting its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling are critical for the proper function of RNF186 in NAFLD. Additionally, the expression of RNF186 and HMGB1 in human NAFLD samples, along with factors related to lipophagy, suggest that RNF186 may play a similar role in the pathogenesis of human fatty liver. CONCLUSION RNF186 deficiency accelerates hepatic lipophagy in NAFLD through the inhibition of ubiquitination and degradation of cytoplasmic HMGB1. Consequently, targeting the RNF186-HMGB1 axis may offer a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Du
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Xiang Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qizhang Du
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Beilin Kou
- First College for Clinical Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zexin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Chaochu Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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Kandouz M. Cell Death, by Any Other Name…. Cells 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38391938 PMCID: PMC10886887 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies trying to understand cell death, this ultimate biological process, can be traced back to a century ago. Yet, unlike many other fashionable research interests, research on cell death is more alive than ever. New modes of cell death are discovered in specific contexts, as are new molecular pathways. But what is "cell death", really? This question has not found a definitive answer yet. Nevertheless, part of the answer is irreversibility, whereby cells can no longer recover from stress or injury. Here, we identify the most distinctive features of different modes of cell death, focusing on the executive final stages. In addition to the final stages, these modes can differ in their triggering stimulus, thus referring to the initial stages. Within this framework, we use a few illustrative examples to examine how intercellular communication factors in the demise of cells. First, we discuss the interplay between cell-cell communication and cell death during a few steps in the early development of multicellular organisms. Next, we will discuss this interplay in a fully developed and functional tissue, the gut, which is among the most rapidly renewing tissues in the body and, therefore, makes extensive use of cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss how the balance between cell death and communication is modified during a pathological condition, i.e., colon tumorigenesis, and how it could shed light on resistance to cancer therapy. Finally, we briefly review data on the role of cell-cell communication modes in the propagation of cell death signals and how this has been considered as a potential therapeutic approach. Far from vainly trying to provide a comprehensive review, we launch an invitation to ponder over the significance of cell death diversity and how it provides multiple opportunities for the contribution of various modes of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Hu Y, Xie Q, Zhao J, Yang R, Qin J, Li H, Zhao Y, Du X, Shi C. Interaction between the EPHB2 receptor and EFNB1 ligand drives gastric cancer invasion and metastasis via the Wnt/β-catenin/FAK pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128848. [PMID: 38114003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The survival benefit for patients with gastric cancer (GC) is modest due to its high transfer potential. Targeted therapy for metastasis-related genes in GC may be a viable approach, however, inhibitors specifically targeting GC are limited. In this study, GC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with metastatic burden were established via orthotopic transplantation. PCR-Array analysis of primary and metastatic tumors revealed EPH receptor B2 (EPHB2) as the most significantly upregulated gene. The interaction between the EPHB2 receptor and its cognate-specific EFNB1 ligands was high in GC and correlated with a poor prognosis. Fc-EFNB1 treatment increased the invasion and migration abilities of GC cells and induced a high EPHB2 expression. EPHB2 knockdown in GC cells completely abolished the ephrin ligand-induced effects on invasion and migration abilities. Signal transduction analysis revealed Wnt/β-catenin and FAK as downstream signaling mediators potentially inducing the EPHB2 phenotype. In conclusion, the observed deregulation of EPHB2/EFNB1 expression in GC enhances the invasive phenotype, suggesting a potential role of EPHB2/EFNB1 compound in local tumor cell invasion and the formation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Hu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Qinghua Xie
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jumei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Yan'an University, 580 Bao-Ta Street, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Runze Yang
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiong Du
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, China.
| | - Changhong Shi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Qiao Z, Liao M, Xiao M, Luo S, Wang K, Niu M, Jiang H, Sun S, Xu G, Xu N, Xu Q, Liu Y. Ephrin B3 exacerbates colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116004. [PMID: 38142837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ephrin B3, a member of Eph/ephrin family, contributes to embryogenesis and carcinogenesis, but few studies have suggested whether this ligand has regulatory effect on colitis. This study was to determine whether ephrin B3 played a role in colitis and colonic carcinogenesis. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colitis-associated carcinogenesis model was established in Efnb3-deficient (Efnb3-/-) mice. Label-free quantitative proteomics were performed to identify the Efnb3-regulated proteins. Our results showed that Efnb3 knock out reduced the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis, such as disease activity index (DAI), inflammatory factors release, and dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. Quantitative proteomics revealed that Efnb3 regulated 95 proteins which clustered in the platelet degranulation, response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, MAPK signaling for integrins such as ITGB4. Furthermore, ephrin B3 inactived ITGB4/AKT signal pathway and then promoted epithelial barrier dysfunction. Simultaneously, ephrin B3 promoted Gremlin-1/NF-κB signal pathway and thereby increased inflammatory factors release. In addition, the higher level of Efnb3 in colon cancer patients is correlated with worse survival. Efnb3-/- mice exhibited susceptibility to AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer. Our finding discovered that Efnb3 played an important role in the development of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Efnb3 deficiency improved the intestinal barrier by ITGB4 and suppressed inflammation via Gremlin-1/NF-κB signal pathway, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Saiyan Luo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mengxin Niu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Honglv Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Suya Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Division, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - NanJie Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Division, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Pan SM, Wang CL, Hu ZF, Zhang ML, Pan ZF, Zhou RY, Wang XJ, Huang SW, Li YY, Wang Q, Luo X, Zhou L, Hou JT, Chen B. Baitouweng decoction repairs the intestinal barrier in DSS-induced colitis mice via regulation of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116888. [PMID: 37437793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of non-specific inflammatory bowel disease that mainly affects the colon. Recently, UC has become a significant social and economic problem worldwide. Baitouweng decoction (BD), a traditional Chinese medicine described in the "Treatise on Febrile Diseases", has been used for centuries to treat intestinal diseases. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of BD on autophagy for repairing the colonic barrier in DSS-induced colitis mice and explored its role in regulating the autophagic signaling pathway AMPK/mTOR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with colitis were treated with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days. The effectiveness of BD in treating DSS-induced colitis was evaluated through body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, pathological changes, organ index, and proportion of blood cells. Moreover, intestinal epithelial permeability was analyzed by examining FITC-dextran leakage, the bacterial load of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and bacterial infiltration of colon tissues. Barrier function was evaluated by assessing the number and proportion of colonic goblet cells and the expression of tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy were assessed by examining the number of autophagosomes and the expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3, Beclin1, and P62. Additionally, network pharmacology research was conducted to analyze the potential mechanisms underlying the medicinal effects, as indicated by the role of AMPK/mTOR in regulating the autophagic signaling pathway. RESULTS BD improved colitis symptoms in mice by restoring body weight and colon length and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, BD decreased the diffusion of FITC-dextran and bacterial translocation in MLNs, as well as bacterial infiltration of the colonic mucosa. The number and proportion of colonic goblet cells, the expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin, and the levels of autophagy were also increased by BD. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that BD might affect intestinal autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway, which was confirmed by the activation of AMPK phosphorylation and the downregulation of mTOR expression following BD treatment. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that BD repaired the intestinal epithelial barrier in DSS-induced colitis mice by activating AMPK phosphorylation and inhibiting mTOR expression to promote autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Chun-Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zeng-Feng Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shao-Wei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan-Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xia Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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9
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Zhou QM, Zheng L. Research progress on the relationship between Paneth cells-susceptibility genes, intestinal microecology and inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:8111-8125. [PMID: 38130785 PMCID: PMC10731169 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i34.8111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder of the immune system and intestinal microecosystem caused by environmental factors in genetically susceptible people. Paneth cells (PCs) play a central role in IBD pathogenesis, especially in Crohn's disease development, and their morphology, number and function are regulated by susceptibility genes. In the intestine, PCs participate in the formation of the stem cell microenvironment by secreting antibacterial particles and play a role in helping maintain the intestinal microecology and intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Moreover, PC proliferation and maturation depend on symbiotic flora in the intestine. This paper describes the interactions among susceptibility genes, PCs and intestinal microecology and their effects on IBD occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanxi 321100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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10
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Qiu P, Li D, Xiao C, Xu F, Chen X, Chang Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Chen Y. The Eph/ephrin system symphony of gut inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106976. [PMID: 38032293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The extent of gut inflammation depends largely on the gut barrier's integrity and enteric neuroimmune interactions. However, the factors and molecular mechanisms that regulate inflammation-related changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) remain largely unexplored. Eph/ephrin signaling is critical for inflammatory response, neuronal activation, and synaptic plasticity in the brain, but its presence and function in the ENS have been largely unknown to date. This review discusses the critical role of Eph/ephrin in regulating gut homeostasis, inflammation, neuroimmune interactions, and pain pathways. Targeting the Eph/ephrin system offers innovative treatments for gut inflammation disorders, offering hope for enhanced patient prognosis, pain management, and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
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11
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Huan Q, Peng J, Chang Y, Zhang Q, Xing T, Jiang D, Chen W, Shen X, Bian Z, Xiao H. Activation of P2Y1R impedes intestinal mucosa repair during colitis. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4360-4375. [PMID: 37781034 PMCID: PMC10535714 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed intestinal mucosal healing is one of the pathogenic bases for the recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but how the IBD inflammatory environment impedes intestinal mucosa repair remains unclear. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is an endogenous ligand of P2Y1R that is highly produced at sites of inflammation. We herein identify a novel role of ADP to directly facilitate inflammation-induced epithelial permeability, delay wound healing, and disrupt tight junction integrity, and we found that P2Y1R, a receptor preferentially activated by ADP, was significantly upregulated in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and in colonic epithelial cells of colitis mice. Inhibition of P2Y1R significantly increased the epithelial permeability, decreased the wound healing capacity, and impaired the tight junction integrity in TNF-α-challenged Caco-2 cells. In parallel, the same effects in promoting intestinal mucosa repair were observed in DSS-induced colitis in P2Y1R-/- mice. Mechanistic investigation revealed that P2Y1R inhibition facilitated epithelial AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and gut microbiota homeostasis reconstruction. Taken together, these findings highlight that P2Y1R activation plays an important role in impeding intestinal mucosa repair during colitis, and that P2Y1R is an attractive target for the therapy of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchan Huan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaoyao Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhang Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Danling Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenke Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants and The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Haitao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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12
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Andersen V, Bennike TB, Bang C, Rioux JD, Hébert-Milette I, Sato T, Hansen AK, Nielsen OH. Investigating the Crime Scene-Molecular Signatures in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11217. [PMID: 37446397 PMCID: PMC10342864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are without cure and troublesome to manage because of the considerable diversity between patients and the lack of reliable biomarkers. Several studies have demonstrated that diet, gut microbiota, genetics and other patient factors are essential for disease occurrence and progression. Understanding the link between these factors is crucial for identifying molecular signatures that identify biomarkers to advance the management of IBD. Recent technological breakthroughs and data integration have fuelled the intensity of this research. This research demonstrates that the effect of diet depends on patient factors and gut microbial activity. It also identifies a range of potential biomarkers for IBD management, including mucosa-derived cytokines, gasdermins and neutrophil extracellular traps, all of which need further evaluation before clinical translation. This review provides an update on cutting-edge research in IBD that aims to improve disease management and patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Andersen
- Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Institute of Regional Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tue B. Bennike
- Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Institute of Regional Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - John D. Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (J.D.R.); (I.H.-M.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Hébert-Milette
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (J.D.R.); (I.H.-M.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Axel K. Hansen
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Ole H. Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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13
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Zhou M, Zhi J, Zhi J, Xiong Z, Wu F, Lu Y, Hu Q. Polysaccharide from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs regulates intestinal epithelial autophagy through CD36/PI3K-Akt pathway to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125373. [PMID: 37327932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sea urchin is a popular food all over the world, of which eggs are main edible part. Previous studies suggested that polysaccharides from eggs of Strongylocentrotus nudus (SEP) exhibited immunomodulatory activities during anti-tumor therapy, nevertheless, effects of SEP on inflammatory bowel disease and its underlying mechanisms have never been reported. In the present study, we showed that the SEP inhibited dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis characterized by decreased disease activity index, restored colon length and body weight, improved histopathological changes, down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines levels and Th17/Treg ratios in C57BL/6 J mice. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis suggested that SEP repaired gut barrier in UC mice, while 16S rDNA sequencing exhibited improved intestinal flora. Mechanistically, we found SEP significantly modulated autophagy-related factors in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), while might contributed to pathogenesis of UC. Furthermore, we demonstrated PI3K/Akt pathway was involved in regulatory effect of SEP on lipopolysaccharide-induced autophagy of HT-29 cells. Besides, among possible polysaccharide binding receptors, change of the CD36 expression was most significant, which was associated with PI3K/Akt signals. Collectively, our study showed for the first time that the SEP might be used a prebiotic agent to improve IBD through regulating CD36-PI3K/Akt mediated autophagy of IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jingke Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiayi Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zhenghan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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14
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Chen Z, Gu Q, Chen R. miR-146a-5p regulates autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in epithelial barrier damage in the in vitro cell model of ulcerative colitis through the RNF8/Notch1/mTORC1 pathway. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152386. [PMID: 37329823 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon that can be influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aims to investigate the impact of miR-146a-5p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cell autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanism, with the aim of identifying potential therapeutic targets. We used LPS to establish Caco-2/HT-29 cell models and measured cell viability by CCK-8. The levels of miR-146a-5p, RNF8, markers of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy, proteins involved in the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway, and inflammatory factors were assessed by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Intestinal epithelial barrier function was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance. Autophagic flux was measured using tandem fluorescent-labeled LC3. miR-146a-5p was highly-expressed in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cells, and autophagy flux was blocked at the autolysosomal stage after LPS induction. Inhibition of miR-146a-5p suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduced intestinal epithelial barrier damage, and facilitated autophagy inhibition in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cells. The autophagy inhibitor NH4Cl partially nullified the inhibitory effects of miR-146a-5p inhibition on NLRP3 inflammation activation. miR-146a-5p targeted RNF8, and silencing RNF8 partly abrogated the action of miR-146a-5p inhibition on promoting autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. miR-146a-5p inhibition suppressed the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway activation by upregulating RNF8. Inhibition of the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway partially nullified the function of silencing RNF8 on inhibiting autophagy and bolstering NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, miR-146a-5p inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach for UC, as it facilitates autophagy of LPS-stimulated Caco-2/HT-29 cells, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and reduces intestinal epithelial barrier damage by upregulating RNF8 and suppressing the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Chen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qinglong Gu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ruichao Chen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Xuzhou City Hospital of TCM, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China.
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15
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Wang EJ, Wu MY, Ren ZY, Zheng Y, Ye RD, TAN CSH, Wang Y, Lu JH. Targeting macrophage autophagy for inflammation resolution and tissue repair in inflammatory bowel disease. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad004. [PMID: 37152076 PMCID: PMC10157272 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, non-specific, recurrent inflammatory disease, majorly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Due to its unclear pathogenesis, the current therapeutic strategy for IBD is focused on symptoms alleviation. Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated catabolic process for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies and subsequent functional studies have highlighted the critical role of autophagy in IBD via a number of mechanisms, including modulating macrophage function. Macrophages are the gatekeepers of intestinal immune homeostasis, especially involved in regulating inflammation remission and tissue repair. Interestingly, many autophagic proteins and IBD-related genes have been revealed to regulate macrophage function, suggesting that macrophage autophagy is a potentially important process implicated in IBD regulation. Here, we have summarized current understanding of macrophage autophagy function in pathogen and apoptotic cell clearance, inflammation remission and tissue repair regulation in IBD, and discuss how this knowledge can be used as a strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wu
- Center for Metabolic Liver Diseases and Center for Cholestatic Liver Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zheng-yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Chris Soon Heng TAN
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
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16
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Zhang H, Cui Z, Pan T, Hu H, He R, Yi M, Sun W, Gao R, Wang H, Ma X, Peng Q, Feng X, Liang S, Du Y, Wang C. RNF186/EPHB2 Axis Is Essential in Regulating TNF Signaling for Colorectal Tumorigenesis in Colorectal Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1796-1805. [PMID: 36130827 PMCID: PMC9553791 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase EPHB2 (EPH receptor B2) is highly expressed in many human cancer types, especially in gastrointestinal cancers, such as colorectal cancer. Several coding mutations of the EPHB2 gene have been identified in many cancer types, suggesting that EPHB2 plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. However, the exact functional mechanism of EPHB2 in carcinogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we find that EPHB2 is required for TNF-induced signaling activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in colorectal epithelial cells. Mechanistically, after TNF stimulation, EPHB2 is ubiquitinated by its E3 ligase RNF186. Then, ubiquitinated EPHB2 recruits and further phosphorylates TAB2 at nine tyrosine sites, which is a critical step for the binding between TAB2 and TAK1. Due to defects in TNF signaling in RNF186-knockout colorectal epithelial cells, the phenotype of colitis-propelled colorectal cancer model in RNF186-knockout mice is significantly reduced compared with that in wild-type control mice. Moreover, we find that a genetic mutation in EPHB2 identified in a family with colorectal cancer is a gain-of-function mutation that promoted TNF signaling activation compared with wild-type EPHB2. We provide evidence that the EPHB2-RNF186-TAB2-TAK1 signaling cascade plays an essential role in TNF-mediated signal transduction in colorectal epithelial cells and the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, which may provide potential targets for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Pan
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China;,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and
| | - Huijun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruirui He
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China;,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and
| | - Ming Yi
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China;,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yanyun Du
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China;,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and
| | - Chenhui Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China;,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and
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17
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Yu M, Zhu W, Wang J, Chen X, He X, Lin B, Cen L, Zhou T, Lu C, Yu C, Sun J. Caveolin-1 Alleviates Crohn's Disease-induced Intestinal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Fibroblasts Autophagy Through Modulating Sequestosome 1. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:923-935. [PMID: 35020883 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD) and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by activated myofibroblasts. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) inhibits fibrosis. However, limited data show that CAV1 affects intestinal fibrosis. METHODS Human CD tissue samples were gained from patients with CD who underwent surgical resection of the intestine and were defined as stenotic or nonstenotic areas. A dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse model of intestinal fibrosis was established. For in vitro experiments, we purchased CCD-18Co intestinal fibrosis cells and isolated and cultured human primary colonic fibroblasts. These fibroblasts were activated by transforming growth factor β administration for 48 hours. In the functional experiments, a specific small interfering RNA or overexpression plasmid was transfected into fibroblasts. The messenger RNA levels of fibrosis markers, such as α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor, and collagen I1α, were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expression of CAV1, SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), and other fibrosis markers. RESULTS In human CD samples and the dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse model of intestinal fibrosis, we observed a downregulation of CAV1 in fibrosis-activated areas. Mechanistically, CAV1 knockdown in both human primary colonic fibroblasts and CCD-18Co cells promoted fibroblast activation, while CAV1 overexpression inhibited fibroblast activation in vitro. We found that SQSTM1/p62 positively correlated with CAV1 expression levels in patients with CD and that it was indirectly modulated by CAV1 expression. Rescue experiments showed that CAV1 decreased primary human intestinal fibroblast activation by inhibiting fibroblast autophagy through the modulation of SQSTM1/p62. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that CAV1 deficiency induces fibroblast activation by indirectly regulating SQSTM1/p62 to promote fibroblast autophagy. CAV1 or SQSTM1/p62 may be potential therapeutic targets for intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinjue He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingru Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Meng Q, Pu L, Qi M, Li S, Sun B, Wang Y, Liu B, Li F. Laminar shear stress inhibits inflammation by activating autophagy in human aortic endothelial cells through HMGB1 nuclear translocation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:425. [PMID: 35523945 PMCID: PMC9076621 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) by targeting the inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells has attracted much attention in recent years. Laminar shear stress (LSS) has well-recognized anti-AS properties, however, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that LSS could inhibit the increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) caused by TNF-α in an autophagy-dependent pathway in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor B2 (EPHB2) was a key gene in response to LSS. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that LSS could enhance the EPHB2-mediated nuclear translocation of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), which interacts with Beclin-1 (BECN1) and finally leads to autophagy. Simultaneously, we identified an LSS-sensitive long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LOC10798635, and constructed an LSS-related LOC107986345/miR-128-3p/EPHB2 regulatory axis. Further research revealed the anti-inflammatory effect of LSS depends on autophagy activation resulting from the nuclear translocation of HMGB1 via the LOC107986345/miR-128-3p/EPHB2 axis. Our study demonstrates that LSS could regulate the expression of EPHB2 in HAECs, and the LOC107986345/miR-128-3p/EPHB2 axis plays a vital role in AS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Meng
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luya Pu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingran Qi
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Banghao Sun
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Engineering Research Center for Medical Biomaterials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Key Laboratory for Health Biomedical Materials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang, China. .,The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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19
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Ruan J, Schlüter D, Naumann M, Waisman A, Wang X. Ubiquitin-modifying enzymes as regulators of colitis. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:304-318. [PMID: 35177326 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathophysiology of IBD is multifaceted, ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, has been shown to have essential roles in its pathogenesis and development. Ubiquitin-modifying enzymes (UMEs) work in synergy to orchestrate the optimal ubiquitination of target proteins, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple UME genes as IBD susceptibility loci, implying the importance of UMEs in IBD. Furthermore, accumulative evidence demonstrates that UMEs affect intestinal inflammation by regulating various aspects, such as intestinal barrier functions and immune responses. Considering the significant functions of UMEs in IBD, targeting UMEs could become a favorable therapeutic approach for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ruan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, China; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Exosomal circRELL1 serves as a miR-637 sponge to modulate gastric cancer progression via regulating autophagy activation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:56. [PMID: 35027539 PMCID: PMC8758736 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). However, there are still many circRNAs related to GC whose functions and molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. Herein, we discover circRNA RELL1, which has not been investigated in GC, and it is markedly downregulated in GC tissues, which is related with poor prognosis, more pronounced lymph node metastasis and poor TNM stage. After confirming the circular structure of circRELL1, we found that circRELL1 could block cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and anti-apoptosis in patients with GC by a series of in vivo and in vitro function-related studies. Further mechanism investigation demonstrated that circRELL1 could sponge miR-637 and indirectly unregulated the expression of EPHB3 via modulating autophagy activation in GC. Additionally, circRELL1 can be transmitted by exosomal communication, and exosomal circRELL1 suppressed the malignant behavior of GC in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, this study elucidates the suppressive roles of circRELL1/miR-637/EPHB3 axis through autophagy activation in GC progression, inspiring for further understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of GC and providing a promising novel diagnostic circulating biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
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21
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Zou M, Zeng QS, Nie J, Yang JH, Luo ZY, Gan HT. The Role of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Friend or Foe? Front Immunol 2021; 12:769167. [PMID: 34956195 PMCID: PMC8692584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), exhibits a complex multifactorial pathogenesis involving genetic susceptibility, imbalance of gut microbiota, mucosal immune disorder and environmental factors. Recent studies reported associations between ubiquitination and deubiquitination and the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease. Ubiquitination modification, one of the most important types of post-translational modifications, is a multi-step enzymatic process involved in the regulation of various physiological processes of cells, including cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Alterations in ubiquitination and deubiquitination can lead to various diseases, including IBD. Here, we review the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) and their mediated ubiquitination and deubiquitination modifications in the pathogenesis of IBD. We highlight the importance of this type of posttranslational modification in the development of inflammation, and provide guidance for the future development of targeted therapeutics in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology and the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Shan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Nie
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Hui Yang
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Luo
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Tian Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology and the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Ranjan K, Hedl M, Sinha S, Zhang X, Abraham C. Ubiquitination of ATF6 by disease-associated RNF186 promotes the innate receptor-induced unfolded protein response. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145472. [PMID: 34623328 DOI: 10.1172/jci145472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Properly balancing microbial responses by the innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is critical for intestinal immune homeostasis. Ring finger protein 186 (RNF186) genetic variants are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, functions for the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF186 are incompletely defined. We found that upon stimulation of the PRR nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) in human macrophages, RNF186 localized to the ER, formed a complex with ER stress sensors, ubiquitinated the ER stress sensor activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and promoted the unfolded protein response (UPR). These events, in turn, led to downstream signaling, cytokine secretion, and antimicrobial pathway induction. Importantly, RNF186-mediated ubiquitination of K152 on ATF6 was required for these outcomes, highlighting a key role for ATF6 ubiquitination in PRR-initiated functions. Human macrophages transfected with the rare RNF186-A64T IBD risk variant and macrophages from common rs6426833 RNF186 IBD risk carriers demonstrated reduced NOD2-induced outcomes, which were restored by rescuing UPR signaling. Mice deficient in RNF186 or ATF6 demonstrated a reduced UPR in colonic tissues, increased weight loss, and less effective clearance of bacteria with dextran sodium sulfate-induced injury and upon oral challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium. Therefore, we identified that RNF186 was required for PRR-induced, UPR-associated signaling leading to key macrophage functions; defined that RNF186-mediated ubiquitination of ATF6 was essential for these functions; and elucidated how RNF186 IBD risk variants modulated these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishu Ranjan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
| | - Matija Hedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
| | - Saloni Sinha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and
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23
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Ebrahim AS, Hailat Z, Bandyopadhyay S, Neill D, Kandouz M. The Value of EphB2 Receptor and Cognate Ephrin Ligands in Prognostic and Predictive Assessments of Human Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158098. [PMID: 34360867 PMCID: PMC8348398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell communication proteins Eph and ephrin constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). They are distinguished by the fact that both receptors and ligands are membrane-bound, and both can drive intracellular signaling in their respective cells. Ever since these RTKs have been found to be involved in cancer development, strategies to target them therapeutically have been actively pursued. However, before this goal can be rationally achieved, the contributions of either Eph receptors or their ephrin ligands to cancer development and progression should be scrutinized in depth. To assess the clinical pertinence of this concern, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic/predictive value of EphB2 and its multiple cognate ephrin ligands in breast cancer. We found that EphB2 has prognostic value, as indicated by the association of higher EphB2 expression levels with lower distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and the association of lower EphB2 expression levels with poorer relapse-free survival (RFS). We also found that higher EphB2 expression could be a prognostic factor for distant metastasis, specifically in the luminal subtypes of breast cancer. EFNB2 showed a marked correlation between higher expression levels and shorter DMFS. EFNA5 or EFNB1 overexpression is correlated with longer RFS. Increased EFNB1 expression is correlated with longer OS in lymph node (LN)-negative patients and the luminal B subtype. Higher levels of EFNB2 or EFNA5 are significantly correlated with shorter RFS, regardless of LN status. However, while this correlation with shorter RFS is true for EFNB2 in all subtypes except basal, it is also true for EFNA5 in all subtypes except HER2+. The analysis also points to possible predictive value for EphB2. In systemically treated patients who have undergone either endocrine therapy or chemotherapy, we found that higher expression of EphB2 is correlated with better rates of RFS. Bearing in mind the limitations inherent to any mRNA-based profiling method, we complemented our analysis with an immunohistochemical assessment of expression levels of both the EphB2 receptor and cognate ephrin ligands. We found that the latter are significantly more expressed in cancers than in normal tissues, and even more so in invasive and metastatic samples than in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Finally, in an in vitro cellular model of breast cancer progression, based on H-Ras-transformation of the MCF10A benign mammary cell line, we observed dramatic increases in the mRNA expression of EphB2 receptor and EFNB1 and EFNB2 ligands in transformed and invasive cells in comparison with their benign counterparts. Taken together, these data show the clinical validity of a model whereby EphB2, along with its cognate ephrin ligands, have dual anti- and pro-tumor progression effects. In so doing, they reinforce the necessity of further biological investigations into Ephs and ephrins, prior to using them in targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Zeyad Hailat
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.B.); (D.N.)
| | - Daniel Neill
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.B.); (D.N.)
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.B.); (D.N.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Role of Microgliosis and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis and Therapy. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1283-1300. [PMID: 33387119 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked primarily by motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and resting tremor associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and deficit of dopamine in the basal ganglia. These motor symptoms can be preceded by pre-motor symptoms whose recognition can be useful to apply different strategies to evaluate risk, early diagnosis and prevention of PD progression. Although clinical characteristics of PD are well defined, its pathogenesis is still not completely known, what makes discoveries of therapies capable of curing patients difficult to be reached. Several theories about the cause of idiopathic PD have been investigated and among them, the key role of inflammation, microglia and the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of PD has been considered. In this review, we describe the role and relation of both the inflammasome and microglial activation with the pathogenesis, symptoms, progression and the possibilities for new therapeutic strategies in PD.
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