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Hu Y, Xie Q, Zhao J, Yang R, Qin J, Li H, Zhao Y, Du X, Shi C. Interaction between the EPHB2 receptor and EFNB1 ligand drives gastric cancer invasion and metastasis via the Wnt/β-catenin/FAK pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128848. [PMID: 38114003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The survival benefit for patients with gastric cancer (GC) is modest due to its high transfer potential. Targeted therapy for metastasis-related genes in GC may be a viable approach, however, inhibitors specifically targeting GC are limited. In this study, GC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with metastatic burden were established via orthotopic transplantation. PCR-Array analysis of primary and metastatic tumors revealed EPH receptor B2 (EPHB2) as the most significantly upregulated gene. The interaction between the EPHB2 receptor and its cognate-specific EFNB1 ligands was high in GC and correlated with a poor prognosis. Fc-EFNB1 treatment increased the invasion and migration abilities of GC cells and induced a high EPHB2 expression. EPHB2 knockdown in GC cells completely abolished the ephrin ligand-induced effects on invasion and migration abilities. Signal transduction analysis revealed Wnt/β-catenin and FAK as downstream signaling mediators potentially inducing the EPHB2 phenotype. In conclusion, the observed deregulation of EPHB2/EFNB1 expression in GC enhances the invasive phenotype, suggesting a potential role of EPHB2/EFNB1 compound in local tumor cell invasion and the formation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Hu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Qinghua Xie
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jumei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Yan'an University, 580 Bao-Ta Street, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Runze Yang
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiong Du
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, China.
| | - Changhong Shi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Fu Y, Zhang X, Wu H, Zhang P, Liu S, Guo T, Shan H, Liang Y, Chen H, Xie J, Duan Y. HOXA3 functions as the on-off switch to regulate the development of hESC-derived third pharyngeal pouch endoderm through EPHB2-mediated Wnt pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1258074. [PMID: 38259452 PMCID: PMC10800530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Normal commitment of the endoderm of the third pharyngeal pouch (3PP) is essential for the development and differentiation of the thymus. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of transcription factor HOXA3 in the development and differentiation of 3PP endoderm (3PPE) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Methods The 3PPE was differentiated from hESC-derived definitive endoderm (DE) by mimicking developmental queues with Activin A, WNT3A, retinoic acid and BMP4. The function of 3PPE was assessed by further differentiating into functional thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The effect of HOXA3 inhibition on cells of 3PPE was subsequently investigated. Results A highly efficient approach for differentiating 3PPE cells was developed and these cells expressed 3PPE related genes HOXA3, SIX1, PAX9 as well as EpCAM. 3PPE cells had a strong potential to develop into TECs which expressed both cortical TEC markers K8 and CD205, and medullary TEC markers K5 and AIRE, and also promoted the development and maturation of T cells. More importantly, transcription factor HOXA3 not only regulated the differentiation of 3PPE, but also had a crucial role for the proliferation and migration of 3PPE cells. Our further investigation revealed that HOXA3 controlled the commitment and function of 3PPE through the regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by activating EPHB2. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that HOXA3 functioned as the on-off switch to regulate the development of hESC-derived 3PPE through EPHB2-mediated Wnt pathway, and our findings will provide new insights into studying the development of 3PP and thymic organ in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Fu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoupei Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Shan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Kim H, Myung JK, Paik SS, Kim H, Park H, Kim YJ, Lee SB, Kim HU, Song HJ, Jeong IH, Hong S, Park CM, Lee C, Kim Y, Jang B. EPHB2 expression is associated with intestinal phenotype of gastric cancer and indicates better prognosis by suppressing gastric cancer migration. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1295-1308. [PMID: 35411225 PMCID: PMC8984899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine kinase Ephrin type-B receptor 2 (EPHB2) belongs to one of the intestinal stem cell signature genes and plays a crucial role in maintaining the crypt-villous axis. Herein, we aimed to investigate the expression of EPHB2 during gastric carcinogenesis and evaluated its prognostic and functional significance in gastric cancer (GC). EPHB2 expression was upregulated in intestinal metaplasia and GCs compared to normal antral and fundic glands. EPHB2 mRNA levels were strongly correlated with the intestinal stem cell markers OLFM4, LGR5, and EPHB3. Notably, EPHB2 expression was significantly correlated with CDX2 expression, and in vitro studies demonstrated that CDX2 expression increased both EPHB2 transcription and protein levels. In a large cohort of GC patients, EPHB2 positivity was observed in 39% of 704 GCs and was negatively correlated with tumor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor-node-metastasis stages. Notably, EPHB2 positivity was associated with better overall survival, and it was an independent prognostic marker in intestinal-type GCs. Overexpression of EPHB2 in GC cell lines, MKN-28 and MKN-74, reduced migration activity by suppressing phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, whereas no significant difference was observed in proliferation rates. Thus, we suggest that EPHB2 acts as a tumor suppressor in GCs and can be a prognostic marker in intestinal-type GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University HospitalJeju, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Hosub Park
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical ScienceSeoul, South Korea
| | - Heung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University HospitalJeju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University HospitalJeju, South Korea
| | - In Ho Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University HospitalJeju, South Korea
| | - Suji Hong
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University HospitalJeju, South Korea
| | - Chul Min Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jeju National University School of MedicineJeju, South Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University HospitalJeju, South Korea
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M Gagné L, Morin N, Lavoie N, Bisson N, Lambert JP, Mallette FA, Huot MÉ. Tyrosine phosphorylation of DEPTOR functions as a molecular switch to activate mTOR signaling. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101291. [PMID: 34634301 PMCID: PMC8551655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is a major driver of tumorigenesis. The serine/threonine kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) constitutes a key central regulator of metabolic pathways promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival. mTOR activity is regulated by metabolic sensors as well as by numerous factors comprising the phosphatase and tensin homolog/PI3K/AKT canonical pathway, which are often mutated in cancer. However, some cancers displaying constitutively active mTOR do not carry alterations within this canonical pathway, suggesting alternative modes of mTOR regulation. Since DEPTOR, an endogenous inhibitor of mTOR, was previously found to modulate both mTOR complexes 1 and 2, we investigated the different post-translational modification that could affect its inhibitory function. We found that tyrosine (Tyr) 289 phosphorylation of DEPTOR impairs its interaction with mTOR, leading to increased mTOR activation. Using proximity biotinylation assays, we identified SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) as a kinase involved in DEPTOR Tyr 289 phosphorylation in an ephrin (erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma) receptor–dependent manner. Altogether, our work reveals that phosphorylation of Tyr 289 of DEPTOR represents a novel molecular switch involved in the regulation of both mTOR complex 1 and mTOR complex 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Gagné
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadine Morin
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noémie Lavoie
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO - Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO - Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-Étienne Huot
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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Georgescu MM. Multi-Platform Classification of IDH-Wild-Type Glioblastoma Based on ERK/MAPK Pathway: Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4532. [PMID: 34572759 PMCID: PMC8470497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and frequent glioma in the adult population. Because current therapy regimens confer only minimal survival benefit, molecular subgrouping to stratify patient prognosis and therapy design is warranted. This study presents a multi-platform classification of glioblastoma by analyzing a large, ethnicity-inclusive 101-adult-patient cohort. It defines seven non-redundant IDH-wild-type glioblastoma molecular subgroups, G1-G7, corresponding to the upstream receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and RAS-RAF segment of the ERK/MAPK signal transduction pathway. These glioblastoma molecular subgroups are classified as G1/EGFR, G2/FGFR3, G3/NF1, G4/RAF, G5/PDGFRA, G6/Multi-RTK, and G7/Other. The comprehensive genomic analysis was refined by expression landscaping of all RTK genes, as well as of the major associated growth pathway mediators, and used to hierarchically cluster the subgroups. Parallel demographic, clinical, and histologic pattern analyses were merged with the molecular subgrouping to yield the first inclusive multi-platform classification for IDH-wild-type glioblastoma. This straightforward classification with diagnostic and prognostic significance may be readily used in neuro-oncological practice and lays the foundation for personalized targeted therapy approaches.
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Zhang H, Cui Z, Cheng D, Du Y, Guo X, Gao R, Chen J, Sun W, He R, Ma X, Peng Q, Martin BN, Yan W, Rong Y, Wang C. RNF186 regulates EFNB1 (ephrin B1)- EPHB2-induced autophagy in the colonic epithelial cells for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Autophagy 2020; 17:3030-3047. [PMID: 33280498 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1851496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies have identified the gene RNF186 encoding an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase as conferring susceptibility to ulcerative colitis, the exact function of this protein remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate an important role for RNF186 in macroautophagy/autophagy activation in colonic epithelial cells and intestinal homeostasis. Mechanistically, RNF186 acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase for EPHB2 and regulates the ubiquitination of EPHB2. Upon stimulation by ligand EFNB1 (ephrin B1), EPHB2 is ubiquitinated by RNF186 at Lys892, and further recruits MAP1LC3B for autophagy. Compared to control mice, rnf186-/- and ephb2-/- mice have a more severe phenotype in the DSS-induced colitis model, which is due to a defect in autophagy in colon epithelial cells. More importantly, treatment with ephrin-B1-Fc recombinant protein effectively relieves DSS-induced mouse colitis, which suggests that ephrin-B1-Fc may be a potential therapy for human inflammatory bowel diseases.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; Cas9: CRISPR associated protein 9; CD: Crohn disease; CQ: chloroquine; Csf2: colony stimulating factor 2; Cxcl1: c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 1; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; EFNB1: ephrin B1; EPHB2: EPH receptor B2; EPHB3: EPH receptor B3; EPHB2K788R: lysine 788 mutated to arginine in EPHB2; EPHB2K892R: lysine 892 mutated to arginine in EPHB2; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GWAS: genome-wide association studies; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; HSPA5/BiP: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; IBD: inflammatory bowel diseases; Il1b: interleukin 1 beta; Il6: interleukin 6; IRGM:immunity related GTPase M; i.p.: intraperitoneally; IPP: inorganic pyrophosphatase; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NOD2: nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RNF186: ring finger protein 186; RNF186A64T: alanine 64 mutated to threonine in RNF186; RNF186R179X: arginine 179 mutated to X in RNF186; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; Tnf: tumor necrosis factor; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; Ub: ubiquitin; UBE2D2: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D2; UBE2H: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 H; UBE2K: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 K; UBE2N: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N; UC: ulcerative colitis; ULK1:unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Du Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyun Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruirui He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bradley N Martin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Yueguang Rong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
The primary conclusions of our 2014 contribution to this series were as follows: Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) likely contribute to aggressive phenotypes in osteosarcoma and, therefore, inhibition of multiple RTKs is likely necessary for successful clinical outcomes. Inhibition of multiple RTKs may also be useful to overcome resistance to inhibitors of individual RTKs as well as resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Different combinations of RTKs are likely important in individual patients. AXL, EPHB2, FGFR2, IGF1R, and RET were identified as promising therapeutic targets by our in vitro phosphoproteomic/siRNA screen of 42 RTKs in the highly metastatic LM7 and 143B human osteosarcoma cell lines. This chapter is intended to provide an update on these topics as well as the large number of osteosarcoma clinical studies of inhibitors of multiple tyrosine kinases (multi-TKIs) that were recently published.
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Nakano S, Nishikawa M, Asaoka R, Ishikawa N, Ohwaki C, Sato K, Nagaoka H, Yamakawa H, Nagase T, Ueda H. DBS is activated by EPHB2/SRC signaling-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in HEK293 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 459:83-93. [PMID: 31089935 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that Rho family small GTPases (Rho GTPase) has a role of molecular switch in intracellular signal transduction. The switch cycle between GTP-bound and GDP-bound state of Rho GTPase regulates various cell responses such as gene transcription, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and vesicular trafficking. Rho GTPase-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) are regulated by various extracellular stimuli and activates Rho GTPase such as RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. The molecular mechanisms that regulate RhoGEFs are poorly understood. Our studies reveal that Dbl's big sister (DBS), a RhoGEF for Cdc42 and RhoA, is phosphorylated at least on tyrosine residues at 479, 660, 727, and 926 upon stimulation by SRC signaling and that the phosphorylation at Tyr-660 is particularly critical for the serum response factor (SRF)-dependent transcriptional activation of DBS by Ephrin type-B receptor 2 (EPHB2)/SRC signaling. In addition, our studies also reveal that the phosphorylation of Tyr-479 and Tyr-660 on DBS leads to the actin cytoskeletal reorganization by EPHB2/SRC signaling. These findings are thought to be useful for understanding pathological conditions related to DBS such as cancer and non-syndromic autism in future.
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Qiu W, Song S, Chen W, Zhang J, Yang H, Chen Y. Hypoxia-induced EPHB2 promotes invasive potential of glioblastoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2019; 12:539-548. [PMID: 31933858 PMCID: PMC6945092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
EphB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase for ephrin ligands, is overexpressed in various cancers and plays an important role in tumor progression. EPHB2 promotes endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and elicits associated pathologic characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) such as invasion and migration. However, the mechanisms of the EPHB2 regulatory network in glioma remain enigmatic. Here, we report that EPHB2 is epigenetically overexpressed in hypoxia, a condition highly prevalent in malignancy. Furthermore, HIF-2α is required for EPHB2 stabilization by hypoxia. Lastly, we discovered that the overexpression of EPHB2 promotes GBM invasion by the phosphorylation of paxillin in hypoxia. These findings establish the HIF-2α-EPHB2-paxillin axis as a regulatory mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
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Jang BG, Kim HS, Chang WY, Bae JM, Kang GH. Prognostic Significance of EPHB2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Progression. J Pathol Transl Med 2018; 52:298-306. [PMID: 30016858 PMCID: PMC6166016 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2018.06.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A receptor tyrosine kinase for ephrin ligands, EPHB2, is expressed in normal colorectal tissues and colorectal cancers (CRCs). The aim of this study was to investigate EPHB2 expression over CRC progression and determine its prognostic significance in CRC. Methods To measure EPHB2 mRNA and protein expression, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed in 32 fresh-frozen and 567 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRC samples, respectively. We further investigated clinicopathological features and overall and recurrence-free survival according to EPHB2 protein expression. Results The EPHB2 level was upregulated in CRC samples compared to non-cancerous tissue in most samples and showed a strong positive correlation with AXIN2. Notably, CD44 had a positive association with both mRNA and protein levels of EPHB2. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no difference in EPHB2 expression between adenoma and carcinoma areas. Although EPHB2 expression was slightly lower in invasive fronts compared to surface area (p < .05), there was no difference between superficial and metastatic areas. EPHB2 positivity was associated with lymphatic (p < .001) and venous (p = .001) invasion, TNM stage (p < .001), and microsatellite instability (p = .036). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that CRC patients with EPHB2 positivity showed better clinical outcomes in both overall (p = .049) and recurrence-free survival (p = .015). However, multivariate analysis failed to show that EPHB2 is an independent prognostic marker in CRCs (hazard ratio, 0.692; p = .692). Conclusions Our results suggest that EPHB2 is overexpressed in a subset of CRCs and is a significant prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Weon Young Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Husa AM, Magić Ž, Larsson M, Fornander T, Pérez-Tenorio G. EPH/ephrin profile and EPHB2 expression predicts patient survival in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21362-80. [PMID: 26870995 PMCID: PMC5008291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The EPH and ephrins function as both receptor and ligands and the output on their complex signaling is currently investigated in cancer. Previous work shows that some EPH family members have clinical value in breast cancer, suggesting that this family could be a source of novel clinical targets. Here we quantified the mRNA expression levels of EPH receptors and their ligands, ephrins, in 65 node positive breast cancer samples by RT-PCR with TaqMan® Micro Fluidics Cards Microarray. Upon hierarchical clustering of the mRNA expression levels, we identified a subgroup of patients with high expression, and poor clinical outcome. EPHA2, EPHA4, EFNB1, EFNB2, EPHB2 and EPHB6 were significantly correlated with the cluster groups and particularly EPHB2 was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis and in four public databases. The EPHB2 protein expression was also analyzed by immunohistochemistry in paraffin embedded material (cohort 2). EPHB2 was detected in the membrane and cytoplasmic cell compartments and there was an inverse correlation between membranous and cytoplasmic EPHB2. Membranous EPHB2 predicted longer breast cancer survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis while cytoplasmic EPHB2 indicated shorter breast cancer survival in univariate analysis. Concluding: the EPH/EFN cluster analysis revealed that high EPH/EFN mRNA expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor survival. Especially EPHB2 predicted poor breast cancer survival in several materials and EPHB2 protein expression has also prognostic value depending on cell localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Husa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Current address: CCRI, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V., Vienna, Austria
| | - Željana Magić
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Larsson
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences (BILS) and Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tommy Fornander
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gizeh Pérez-Tenorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Schnappauf O, Beyes S, Dertmann A, Freihen V, Frey P, Jägle S, Rose K, Michoel T, Grosschedl R, Hecht A. Enhancer decommissioning by Snail1-induced competitive displacement of TCF7L2 and down-regulation of transcriptional activators results in EPHB2 silencing. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1859:1353-67. [PMID: 27504909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional silencing is a major cause for the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, however, the underlying mechanisms are only poorly understood. The EPHB2 gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that controls epithelial cell migration and allocation in intestinal crypts. Through its ability to restrict cell spreading, EPHB2 functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer whose expression is frequently lost as tumors progress to the carcinoma stage. Previously we reported that EPHB2 expression depends on a transcriptional enhancer whose activity is diminished in EPHB2 non-expressing cells. Here we investigated the mechanisms that lead to EPHB2 enhancer inactivation. We show that expression of EPHB2 and SNAIL1 - an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) - is anti-correlated in colorectal cancer cell lines and tumors. In a cellular model of Snail1-induced EMT, we observe that features of active chromatin at the EPHB2 enhancer are diminished upon expression of murine Snail1. We identify the transcription factors FOXA1, MYB, CDX2 and TCF7L2 as EPHB2 enhancer factors and demonstrate that Snail1 indirectly inactivates the EPHB2 enhancer by downregulation of FOXA1 and MYB. In addition, Snail1 induces the expression of Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) which competitively displaces TCF7L2 from the EPHB2 enhancer. In contrast to TCF7L2, however, LEF1 appears to repress the EPHB2 enhancer. Our findings underscore the importance of transcriptional enhancers for gene regulation under physiological and pathological conditions and show that SNAIL1 employs a combinatorial mechanism to inactivate the EPHB2 enhancer based on activator deprivation and competitive displacement of transcription factors.
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Jägle S, Rönsch K, Timme S, Andrlová H, Bertrand M, Jäger M, Proske A, Schrempp M, Yousaf A, Michoel T. Silencing of the EPHB3 tumor-suppressor gene in human colorectal cancer through decommissioning of a transcriptional enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:4886-4891. [PMID: 24707046 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314523111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine kinase Ephrin type-B receptor 3 (EPHB3) counteracts tumor-cell dissemination by regulating intercellular adhesion and repulsion and acts as tumor/invasion suppressor in colorectal cancer. This protective mechanism frequently collapses at the adenoma-carcinoma transition due to EPHB3 transcriptional silencing. Here, we identify a transcriptional enhancer at the EPHB3 gene that integrates input from the intestinal stem-cell regulator achaete-scute family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 2 (ASCL2), Wnt/β-catenin, MAP kinase, and Notch signaling. EPHB3 enhancer activity is highly variable in colorectal carcinoma cells and precisely reflects EPHB3 expression states, suggesting that enhancer dysfunction underlies EPHB3 silencing. Interestingly, low Notch activity parallels reduced EPHB3 expression in colorectal carcinoma cell lines and poorly differentiated tumor-tissue specimens. Restoring Notch activity reestablished enhancer function and EPHB3 expression. Although essential for intestinal stem-cell maintenance and adenoma formation, Notch activity seems dispensable in colorectal carcinomas. Notch activation even promoted growth arrest and apoptosis of colorectal carcinoma cells, attenuated their self-renewal capacity in vitro, and blocked tumor growth in vivo. Higher levels of Notch activity also correlated with longer disease-free survival of colorectal cancer patients. In summary, our results uncover enhancer decommissioning as a mechanism for transcriptional silencing of the EPHB3 tumor suppressor and argue for an antitumorigenic function of Notch signaling in advanced colorectal cancer.
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