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Xiong Z, Zeng Q, Hu Y, Lai C, Wu H. Optineurin inhibits IBDV replication via interacting with VP1. Vet Microbiol 2024; 298:110261. [PMID: 39340874 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Avibirnavirus, specifically Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), is a highly contagious pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. The polymerase protein VP1 of IBDV is critical to the viral life cycle, facilitating the synthesis of viral mRNA and the genome. Previous studies have suggested that various host factors influence the regulation of IBDV polymerase activity. In this study, we identified that IBDV infection induces the expression of optineurin (OPTN), a mitophagy receptor and a protein associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as a negative regulator of interferon I production. The induced expression of OPTN acts as a suppressor of IBDV replication, a function dependent on its ubiquitin-binding domain (UBAN). Furthermore, we demonstrated that OPTN exerts its antiviral effects through direct interactions with VP1 and VP3, which inhibit the polymerase activity of VP1 by preventing K63-linked ubiquitination of VP1. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that OPTN, upregulated during IBDV infection, functions as a novel antiviral host factor that limits the virus's replicative capacity, offering a potential target for anti-IBDV therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Chongde Lai
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China; The Public Instrument Platform of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Street, Qingshan Lake, Nanchang 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
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Yin M, Qian P, Wang H, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Zheng Z, Zhang M, Lu Z, Li X. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) negatively regulates ZFP36 protein expression to alleviate its antiviral activity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0111424. [PMID: 39194213 PMCID: PMC11406947 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01114-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) is a key regulator of inflammatory and cytokine production. However, the interplay between swine zinc-finger protein 36 (sZFP36) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has not yet been reported. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of sZFP36 restricted FMDV replication, while the knockdown of sZFP36 facilitated FMDV replication. To subvert the antagonism of sZFP36, FMDV decreased sZFP36 protein expression through its non-structural protein 3C protease (3Cpro). Our results also suggested that 3Cpro-mediated sZFP36 degradation was dependent on its protease activity. Further investigation revealed that both N-terminal and C-terminal-sZFP36 could be degraded by FMDV and FMDV 3Cpro. In addition, both N-terminal and C-terminal-sZFP36 decreased FMDV replication. Moreover, sZFP36 promotes the degradation of FMDV structural proteins VP3 and VP4 via the CCCH-type zinc finger and NES domains of sZFP36. Together, our results confirm that sZFP36 is a host restriction factor that negatively regulates FMDV replication.IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease of animals caused by the pathogen foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). FMD is difficult to prevent and control because there is no cross-protection between its serotypes. Thus, we designed this study to investigate virus-host interactions. We first demonstrate that swine zinc-finger protein 36 (sZFP36) impaired FMDV structural proteins VP3 and VP4 to suppress viral replication. To subvert the antagonism of sZFP36, FMDV and FMDV 3Cpro downregulate sZFP36 expression to facilitate FMDV replication. Taken together, the present study reveals a previously unrecognized antiviral mechanism for ZFP36 and elucidates the role of FMDV in counteracting host antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Luo R, Wang T, Lan J, Lu Z, Chen S, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. The multifaceted roles of selective autophagy receptors in viral infections. J Virol 2024:e0081424. [PMID: 39212450 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00814-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy is a protein clearance mechanism mediated by evolutionarily conserved selective autophagy receptors (SARs), which specifically degrades misfolded, misassembled, or metabolically regulated proteins. SARs help the host to suppress viral infections by degrading viral proteins. However, viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to counteract, evade, or co-opt autophagic processes, thereby facilitating viral replication. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the complex mechanisms of SARs involved in viral infections, specifically focusing on how viruses exploit strategies to regulate selective autophagy. We present an updated understanding of the various critical roles of SARs in viral pathogenesis. Furthermore, newly discovered evasion strategies employed by viruses are discussed and the ubiquitination-autophagy-innate immune regulatory axis is proposed to be a crucial pathway to control viral infections. This review highlights the remarkable flexibility and plasticity of SARs in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shengmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Zhou P, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Wu W, Chen D, Zheng Z, Jongkaewwattana A, Jin H, Zhou H, Luo R. Cleavage of SQSTM1/p62 by the Zika virus protease NS2B3 prevents autophagic degradation of viral NS3 and NS5 proteins. Autophagy 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39128850 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2390810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy plays a crucial role in inhibiting viral replication and regulating the host's immune response. The autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) restricts viral replication by directing specific viral proteins to phagophores for degradation. In this study, we investigate the reciprocal relationship between Zika virus (ZIKV) and selective autophagy mediated by SQSTM1/p62. We show that NS2B3 protease encoded by ZIKV cleaves human SQSTM1/p62 at arginine 265 (R265). This cleavage also occurs with endogenous SQSTM1 in ZIKV-infected cells. Furthermore, overexpression of SQSTM1 inhibits ZIKV replication in A549 cells, while its absence increases viral titer. We have also shown that SQSTM1 impedes ZIKV replication by interacting with NS3 and NS5 and directing them to autophagic degradation, and that NS2B3-mediated cleavage could potentially alter this antiviral function of SQSTM1. Taken together, our study highlights the role of SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy in the host's antiviral defense against ZIKV and uncovers potential viral evasion strategies that exploit the host's autophagic machinery to ensure successful infection.Abbreviation: Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; DENV: dengue virus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IFA: indirect immunofluorescence assay; KIR: KEAP1-interacting region; KO: knockout; LIR: MAP1LC3/LC3-interacting region; mAb: monoclonal antibody; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PB1: Phox/BEM1 domain; R265A, a SQSTM1 construct with the arginine (R) residue at position 265 replaced with glutamic acid (A); SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SQSTM1-C, C-terminal fragment of SQSTM1; SQSTM1-N, N-terminal fragment of SQSTM1; SVV: Seneca Valley virus; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; TBD: TRAF6-binding domain; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose; UBA: ubiquitin-associated domain; Ub: ubiquitin; WT: wild type; ZIKV: Zika virus; ZZ: ZZ-type zinc finger domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Nueng, Thailand
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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Liu H, Xue Q, Yang F, Cao W, Liu P, Liu X, Zhu Z, Zheng H. Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 degrades YTHDF2 through autophagy to regulate IRF3 activity for viral replication. Autophagy 2024; 20:1597-1615. [PMID: 38516932 PMCID: PMC11210904 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2330105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Many viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), can promote the degradation of host proteins through macroautophagy/autophagy, thereby promoting viral replication. However, the regulatory mechanism between autophagy and innate immune responses is not fully understood during FMDV infection. Here, we found that the host GTPBP4/NOG1 (GTP binding protein 4) is a negative regulator of innate immune responses. GTPBP4 deficiency promotes the antiviral innate immune response, resulting in the ability of GTPBP4 to promote FMDV replication. Meanwhile, GTPBP4-deficient mice are more resistant to FMDV infection. To antagonize the host's antiviral immunity, FMDV structural protein VP1 promotes the expression of GTPBP4, and the 209th site of VP1 is responsible for this effect. Mechanically, FMDV VP1 promotes autophagy during virus infection and interacts with and degrades YTHDF2 (YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F2) in an AKT-MTOR-dependent autophagy pathway, resulting in an increase in GTPBP4 mRNA and protein levels. Increased GTPBP4 inhibits IRF3 binding to the Ifnb/Ifn-β promoter, suppressing FMDV-induced type I interferon production. In conclusion, our study revealed an underlying mechanism of how VP1 negatively regulates innate immunity through the autophagy pathway, which would contribute to understanding the negative regulation of host innate immune responses and the function of GTPBP4 and YTHDF2 during FMDV infection.Abbreviation: 3-MA:3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; ATG: autophagy related; ChIP:chromatin immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI:4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; dpi: days post-infection; EV71:enterovirus 71; FMDV: foot-and-mouth disease virus; GTPBP4/NOG1: GTPbinding protein 4; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha;hpt:hours post-transfection; IFNB/IFN-β:interferon beta; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; MAP1LC3/LC3:microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAVS: mitochondriaantiviral signaling protein; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR:mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; m6A: N(6)-methyladenosine;qPCR:quantitativePCR; SIRT3:sirtuin 3; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STING1: stimulator ofinterferon response cGAMP interactor 1; siRNA: small interfering RNA;TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TCID50:50% tissue culture infectious doses; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagyactivating kinase 1; UTR: untranslated region; WT: wild type; YTHDF2:YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Shi Y, Wu Z, Zeng P, Song J, Guo J, Yang X, Zhou J, Liu J, Hou L. Seneca valley virus 3C protease blocks EphA2-Mediated mTOR activation to facilitate viral replication. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106673. [PMID: 38705218 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a recently discovered porcine pathogen that causes vesicular diseases and poses a significant threat to the pig industry worldwide. Erythropoietin-producing hepatoma receptor A2 (EphA2) is involved in the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is involved in autophagy. However, the regulatory relationship between SVV and EphA2 remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that EphA2 is proteolysed in SVV-infected BHK-21 and PK-15 cells. Overexpression of EphA2 significantly inhibited SVV replication, as evidenced by decreased viral protein expression, viral titers, and viral load, suggesting an antiviral function of EphA2. Subsequently, viral proteins involved in the proteolysis of EphA2 were screened, and the SVV 3C protease (3Cpro) was found to be responsible for this cleavage, depending on its protease activity. However, the protease activity sites of 3Cpro did not affect the interactions between 3Cpro and EphA2. We further determined that EphA2 overexpression inhibited autophagy by activating the mTOR pathway and suppressing SVV replication. Taken together, these results indicate that SVV 3Cpro targets EphA2 for cleavage to impair its EphA2-mediated antiviral activity and emphasize the potential of the molecular interactions involved in developing antiviral strategies against SVV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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7
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Chen M, Zhang X, Kong F, Gao P, Ge X, Zhou L, Han J, Guo X, Zhang Y, Yang H. Senecavirus A induces mitophagy to promote self-replication through direct interaction of 2C protein with K27-linked ubiquitinated TUFM catalyzed by RNF185. Autophagy 2024; 20:1286-1313. [PMID: 38084826 PMCID: PMC11210902 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2293442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly emerging picornavirus associated with swine vesicular lesions and neonatal mortality, threatening the global pig industry. Despite sustained efforts, the molecular mechanisms of SVA pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that SVA infection can induce complete mitophagy in host cells, which depends on SVA replication. Mitophagy has been subsequently proven to promote SVA replication in host cells. Genome-wide screening of SVA proteins involved in inducing mitophagy showed that although VP2, VP3, 2C, and 3A proteins can independently induce mitophagy, only the 2C protein mediates mitophagy through direct interaction with TUFM (Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial). The glutamic acids at positions 196 and 211 of TUFM were shown to be two key sites for its interaction with 2C protein. Moreover, TUFM was discovered to interact directly with BECN1 and indirectly with the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate. Further experiments revealed that TUFM needs to undergo ubiquitination modification before being recognized by the macroautophagy/autophagy receptor protein SQSTM1/p62, and E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF185 catalyzes K27-linked polyubiquitination of TUFM through the interaction between RNF185's transmembrane domain 1 and TUFM to initiate SVA-induced mitophagy. The ubiquitinated TUFM is recognized and bound by SQSTM1, which in turn interacts with MAP1LC3/LC3, thereby linking the 2C-anchored mitochondria to the phagophore for sequestration into mitophagosomes, which ultimately fuse with lysosomes to achieve complete mitophagy. Overall, our results elucidated the molecular mechanism by which SVA induces mitophagy to promote self-replication and provide new insights into SVA pathogenesis.Abbreviations: aa: amino acid; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BHK-21: baby hamster kidney-21; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2'-phenylindole; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; hpi: hours post-infection; hpt: hours post-transfection; IPTG: isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; Mdivi-1: mitochondrial division inhibitor-1; MOI: multiplicity of infection; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; MS: mass spectrometry; ORF: open reading frame; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SD: standard deviation; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ST: swine testis; SVA: Senecavirus A; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious dose; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TM: transmembrane; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUFM: Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial; Ub: ubiquitin; UV: ultraviolet; VDAC1: voltage dependent anion channel 1; WT: wild-type; μg: microgram; μm: micrometer; μM: micromole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanshu Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinna Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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8
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Wang S, Xu Z, Liu Y, Yu M, Zhang T, Liu P, Qi X, Chen Y, Meng L, Guo R, Zhang L, Fan W, Gao L, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Cui H, Gao Y. OASL suppresses infectious bursal disease virus replication by targeting VP2 for degrading through the autophagy pathway. J Virol 2024; 98:e0018124. [PMID: 38639485 PMCID: PMC11092321 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00181-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute and fatal immunosuppressive disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). As an obligate intracellular parasite, IBDV infection is strictly regulated by host factors. Knowledge on the antiviral activity and possible mechanism of host factors might provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of IBD. In this study, RNA-sequencing results indicated that many host factors were induced by IBDV infection, among which the expression levels of OASL (2´,5´-oligadenylate synthetase-like protein) was significantly upregulated. OASL overexpression significantly inhibited IBDV replication, whereas OASL knockdown promoted IBDV replication. Interestingly, the antiviral ability of OASL was independent of its canonical enzymatic activity, i.e., OASL targeted viral protein VP2 for degradation, depending on the autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 in the autophagy pathway. Additionally, the 316 lysine (K) of VP2 was the key site for autophagy degradation, and its replacement with arginine disrupted VP2 degradation induced by OASL and enhanced IBDV replication. Importantly, our results for the first time indicate a unique and potent defense mechanism of OASL against double-stranded RNA virus by interaction with viral proteins, which leads to their degradation. IMPORTANCE OASL (2´,5´-oligadenylate synthetase-like protein) exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral effects against single-stranded RNA viruses in mammals, potentially serving as a promising target for novel antiviral strategies. However, its role in inhibiting the replication of double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses), such as infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), in avian species remains unclear. Our findings indicated a unique and potent defense mechanism of OASL against dsRNA viruses. It has been previously shown in mammals that OASL inhibits virus replication through increasing interferon production. The groundbreaking aspect of our study is the finding that OASL has the ability to interact with IBDV viral protein VP2 and target it for degradation and thus exerts its antiviral effect. Our results reveal the interaction between avian natural antiviral immune response and IBDV infection. Our study not only enhances our understanding of bird defenses against viral infections but can also inform strategies for poultry disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntong Chen
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lingzhai Meng
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ru Guo
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenrui Fan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulu Duan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, China
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9
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Jassey A, Jackson WT. Viruses and autophagy: bend, but don't break. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:309-321. [PMID: 38102460 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a constitutive cellular process of degradation required to maintain homeostasis and turn over spent organelles and aggregated proteins. For some viruses, the process can be antiviral, degrading viral proteins or virions themselves. For many other viruses, the induction of the autophagic process provides a benefit and promotes viral replication. In this Review, we survey the roles that the autophagic pathway plays in the replication of viruses. Most viruses that benefit from autophagic induction block autophagic degradation, which is a 'bend, but don't break' strategy initiating but limiting a potentially antiviral response. In almost all cases, it is other effects of the redirected autophagic machinery that benefit these viruses. This rapid mechanism to generate small double-membraned vesicles can be usurped to shape membranes for viral genome replication and virion maturation. However, data suggest that autophagic maintenance of cellular homeostasis is crucial for the initiation of infection, as viruses have evolved to replicate in normal, healthy cells. Inhibition of autophagic degradation is important once infection has initiated. Although true degradative autophagy is probably a negative for most viruses, initiating nondegradative autophagic membranes benefits a wide variety of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagie Jassey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William T Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Huang M, Zhang W, Yang Y, Shao W, Wang J, Cao W, Zhu Z, Yang F, Zheng H. From homeostasis to defense: Exploring the role of selective autophagy in innate immunity and viral infections. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110169. [PMID: 38479440 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The process of autophagy, a conservative evolutionary mechanism, is responsible for the removal of surplus and undesirable cytoplasmic components, thereby ensuring cellular homeostasis. Autophagy exhibits a remarkable level of selectivity by employing a multitude of cargo receptors that possess the ability to bind both ubiquitinated cargoes and autophagosomes. In the context of viral infections, selective autophagy plays a crucial role in regulating the innate immune system. Notably, numerous viruses have developed strategies to counteract, evade, or exploit the antiviral effects of selective autophagy. This review encompasses the latest research progress of selective autophagy in regulating innate immunity and virus infectious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Wenhua Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China.
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11
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Guo J, Shi Y, Jiang G, Zeng P, Wu Z, Wang D, Cui Y, Yang X, Zhou J, Feng X, Hou L, Liu J. SQSTM1 downregulates avian metapneumovirus subgroup C replication via mediating selective autophagic degradation of viral M2-2 protein. J Virol 2024; 98:e0005124. [PMID: 38466095 PMCID: PMC11019959 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00051-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV/C), an important pathogen causing acute respiratory infection in chickens and turkeys, contributes to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. aMPV/C has been reported to induce autophagy, which is beneficial to virus replication. Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/P62), a selective autophagic receptor, plays a crucial role in viral replication by clearing ubiquitinated proteins. However, the relationship between SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy and aMPV/C replication is unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of SQSTM1 negatively regulates aMPV/C replication by reducing viral protein expression and viral titers. Further studies revealed that the interaction between SQSTM1 and aMPV/C M2-2 protein is mediated via the Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domain of the former, which recognizes a ubiquitinated lysine at position 67 of the M2-2 protein, and finally degrades M2-2 via SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy. Collectively, our results reveal that SQSTM1 degrades M2-2 via a process of selective autophagy to suppress aMPV/C replication, thereby providing novel insights for the prevention and control of aMPV/C infection.IMPORTANCEThe selective autophagy plays an important role in virus replication. As an emerging pathogen of avian respiratory virus, clarification of the effect of SQSTM1, a selective autophagic receptor, on aMPV/C replication in host cells enables us to better understand the viral pathogenesis. Previous study showed that aMPV/C infection reduced the SQSTM1 expression accompanied by virus proliferation, but the specific regulatory mechanism between them was still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that SQSTM1 recognizes the 67th amino acid of M2-2 protein by the interaction between them, followed by M2-2 degradation via the SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy, and finally inhibits aMPV/C replication. This information supplies the mechanism by which SQSTM1 negatively regulates viral replication, and provides new insights for preventing and controlling aMPV/C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Genghong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Yang X, Liu R, Du Y, Mei C, Zhang G, Wang C, Yang Y, Xu Z, Li W, Liu X. circRNA_8521 promotes Senecavirus A infection by sponging miRNA-324 to regulate LC3A. Vet Res 2024; 55:43. [PMID: 38581048 PMCID: PMC10996121 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) causes outbreaks of vesicular disease in pigs, which imposes a considerable economic burden on the pork industry. As current SVA prevention measures are ineffective, new strategies for controlling SVA are urgently needed. Circular (circ)RNA is a newly characterized class of widely expressed, endogenous regulatory RNAs, which have been implicated in viral infection; however, whether circRNAs regulate SVA infection remains unknown. To investigate the influence of circRNAs on SVA infection in porcine kidney 15 (PK-15) cells, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the circRNA expression profiles of SVA-infected and uninfected PK-15 cells, the interactions between circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs potentially implicated in SVA infection were predicted using bioinformatics tools. The prediction accuracy was verified using quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR, Western blotting, as well as dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. The results showed that 67 circRNAs were differentially expressed as a result of SVA infection. We found that circ_8521 was significantly upregulated in SVA-infected PK-15 cells and promoted SVA infection. circ_8521 interacted with miR-324. miR-324 bound to LC3A mRNA which inhibited the expression of LC3A. Knockdown of LC3A inhibited SVA infection. However, circ_8521 promoted the expression of LC3A by binding to miR-324, thereby promoting SVA infection. We demonstrated that circ_8521 functioned as an endogenous miR-324 sponge to sequester miR-324, which promoted LC3A expression and ultimately SVA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwang Yang
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Yunsha Du
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Caiqiu Mei
- Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, China
| | - Guangneng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 511495, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Animal Biotechnology Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610052, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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13
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Aftab S, Nelson E, Hildreth M, Wang X. Silencing RNA-Mediated Knockdown of IFITM3 Enhances Senecavirus A Replication. Pathogens 2024; 13:290. [PMID: 38668245 PMCID: PMC11054092 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a non-enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes vesicular diseases in pigs. Interferon-induced transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) that exhibits broad antiviral activity. We investigated the role of IFITM3 in SVA replication. Both viral protein expression and supernatant virus titer were significantly increased when endogenous IFITM3 was knocked down by approximately 80% in human non-smallcell lung carcinoma cell line (NCI-H1299) compared to silencing RNA control. Interestingly, overexpression of exogenous IFITM3 in NCI-H1299 cells also significantly enhanced viral protein expression and virus titer compared to vector control, which was positively correlated with induction of autophagy mediated by IFITM3 overexpression. Overall, our results indicate an antiviral role of endogenous IFITM3 against SVA. The exact molecular mechanisms by which endogenous IFITM3 limits SVA replication remain to be determined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamiq Aftab
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (S.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Eric Nelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Michael Hildreth
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (S.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (S.A.); (M.H.)
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14
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Song J, Guo Y, Wang D, Quan R, Wang J, Liu J. Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves OPTN (optineurin) to Impair selective autophagy and type I interferon signaling. Autophagy 2024; 20:614-628. [PMID: 37930946 PMCID: PMC10936645 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2277108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) causes vesicular disease in pigs, posing a threat to global pork production. OPTN (optineurin) is a macroautophagy/autophagy receptor that restricts microbial propagation by targeting specific viral or bacterial proteins for degradation. OPTN is degraded and cleaved at glutamine 513 following SVV infection via the activity of viral 3C protease (3C[pro]), resulting in N-terminal and a C-terminal OPTN fragments. Moreover, OPTN interacts with VP1 and targets VP1 for degradation to inhibit viral replication. The N-terminal cleaved OPTN sustained its interaction with VP1, whereas the degradation capacity targeting VP1 decreased. The inhibitory effect of N-terminal OPTN against SVV infection was significantly reduced, C-terminal OPTN failed to inhibit viral replication, and degradation of VP1 was blocked. The knockdown of OPTN resulted in reduced TBK1 activation and phosphorylation of IRF3, whereas overexpression of OPTN led to increased TBK1-IRF3 signaling. Additionally, the N-terminal OPTN diminished the activation of the type I IFN (interferon) pathway. These results show that SVV 3C[pro] targets OPTN because its cleavage impairs its function in selective autophagy and type I IFN production, revealing a novel model in which the virus develops diverse strategies for evading host autophagic machinery and type I IFN response for survival.Abbreviations: Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; GFP-green fluorescent protein; hpi: hours post-infection; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IFN: interferon; IFNB/IFN-β: interferon beta; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; OPTN: optineurin; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SVV: Seneca Valley virus; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses; UBAN: ubiquitin binding in TNIP/ABIN (TNFAIP3/A20 and inhibitor of NFKB/NF-kB) and IKBKG/NEMO; UBD: ubiquitin-binding domain; ZnF: zinc finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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15
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Wu MY, Li ZW, Lu JH. Molecular Modulators and Receptors of Selective Autophagy: Disease Implication and Identification Strategies. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:751-764. [PMID: 38169614 PMCID: PMC10758101 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved physiological process that maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling cellular contents. Selective autophagy is based on the specificity of cargo recognition and has been implicated in various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Selective autophagy receptors and modulators play key roles in this process. Identifying these receptors and modulators and their roles is critical for understanding the machinery and physiological function of selective autophagy and providing therapeutic value for diseases. Using modern researching tools and novel screening technologies, an increasing number of selective autophagy receptors and modulators have been identified. A variety of Strategies and approaches, including protein-protein interactions (PPIs)-based identification and genome-wide screening, have been used to identify selective autophagy receptors and modulators. Understanding the strengths and challenges of these approaches not only promotes the discovery of even more such receptors and modulators but also provides a useful reference for the identification of regulatory proteins or genes involved in other cellular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the functions, disease association, and identification strategies of selective autophagy receptors and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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16
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Gao Q, Weng Z, Feng Y, Gong T, Zheng X, Zhang G, Gong L. KPNA2 suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting and degrading virus envelope protein through selective autophagy. J Virol 2023; 97:e0011523. [PMID: 38038431 PMCID: PMC10734479 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00115-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea, characterized by vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea, is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in neonatal piglets. This disease has caused large economic losses to the porcine industry worldwide. Thus, identifying the host factors involved in PEDV infection is important to develop novel strategies to control PEDV transmission. This study shows that PEDV infection upregulates karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) expression in Vero and intestinal epithelial (IEC) cells. KPNA2 binds to and degrades the PEDV E protein via autophagy to suppress PEDV replication. These results suggest that KPNA2 plays an antiviral role against PEDV. Specifically, knockdown of endogenous KPNA2 enhances PEDV replication, whereas its overexpression inhibits PEDV replication. Our data provide novel KPNA2-mediated viral restriction mechanisms in which KPNA2 suppresses PEDV replication by targeting and degrading the viral E protein through autophagy. These mechanisms can be targeted in future studies to develop novel strategies to control PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Bai L, Zhang R, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Li Y. Seneca Valley Virus Degrades STING via PERK and ATF6-Mediated Reticulophagy. Viruses 2023; 15:2209. [PMID: 38005886 PMCID: PMC10674438 DOI: 10.3390/v15112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley Virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is an emerging porcine virus that can cause vesicular disease in pigs. However, the immune evasion mechanism of SVV remains unclear, as does its interaction with other pathways. STING (Stimulator of interferon genes) is typically recognized as a critical factor in innate immune responses to DNA virus infection, but its role during SVV infection remains poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that STING was degraded in SVV-infected PK-15 cells, and SVV replication in the cells was affected when STING was knockdown or overexpressed. The STING degradation observed was blocked when the SVV-induced autophagy was inhibited by using autophagy inhibitors (Chloroquine, Bafilomycin A1) or knockdown of autophagy related gene 5 (ATG5), suggesting that SVV-induced autophagy is responsible for STING degradation. Furthermore, the STING degradation was inhibited when reticulophagy regulator 1 (FAM134B), a reticulophagy related receptor, was knocked down, indicating that SVV infection induces STING degradation via reticulophagy. Further study showed that in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (PERK)/activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) deficient cells, SVV infection failed to induce reticulophagy-medaited STING degradation, indicating that SVV infection caused STING degradation via PERK/ATF6-mediated reticulophagy. Notably, blocking reticulophagy effectively hindered SVV replication. Overall, our study suggested that SVV infection resulted in STING degradation via PERK and ATF6-mediated reticulophagy, which may be an immune escape strategy of SVV. This finding improves the understanding of the intricate interplay between viruses and their hosts and provides a novel strategy for the development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.B.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.B.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (L.B.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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18
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Zheng H, Li G, Min J, Xu X, Huang W. Lysosome and related protein degradation technologies. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103767. [PMID: 37708931 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, targeted protein degradation technologies based on lysosomal pathways have been developed. Lysosome-based targeted protein degradation technology has a broad range of substrates and the potential to degrade intracellular and extracellular proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles and non-protein molecules. Thus, they hold great promise for drug R&D. This study has focused on the biogenesis of lysosomes, their basic functions, lysosome-associated diseases and targeted protein degradation technologies through the lysosomal pathway. In addition, we thoroughly examine the potential applications and limitations of this technology and engage in insightful discussions on potential avenues for future research. Our primary objective is to foster preclinical research on this technology and facilitate its successful clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Gangjian Li
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Jingli Min
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Xiangwei Xu
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Wenhai Huang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China.
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19
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Yan J, Gao Y, Bai J, Li J, Li M, Liu X, Jiang P. SERPINB1 promotes Senecavirus A replication by degrading IKBKE and regulating the IFN pathway via autophagy. J Virol 2023; 97:e0104523. [PMID: 37811994 PMCID: PMC10617579 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus associated with vesicular disease, which wide spreads around the world. It has evolved multiple strategies to evade host immune surveillance. The mechanism and pathogenesis of the virus infection remain unclear. In this study, we show that SERPINB1, a member of the SERPINB family, promotes SVA replication, and regulates both innate immunity and the autophagy pathway. SERPINB1 catalyzes K48-linked polyubiquitination of IκB kinase epsilon (IKBKE) and degrades IKBKE through the proteasome pathway. Inhibition of IKBKE expression by SERPINB1 induces autophagy to decrease type I interferon signaling, and ultimately promotes SVA proliferation. These results provide importantly the theoretical basis of SVA replication and pathogenesis. SERPINB1 could be a potential therapeutic target for the control of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Zhang XY, Li YY, Huang HX, Zhao CC, Lei XX, Zhao BP, Lu JY, Lan T, Sun WC. Seneca Valley virus 3C pro antagonizes host innate immune responses and programmed cell death. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1235620. [PMID: 37869659 PMCID: PMC10588452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1235620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, may cause serious water blister diseases in pregnant sows and acute death in newborn piglets, which have resulted in economic losses in pig production. The 3C protease is a vital enzyme for SVV maturation and is capable of regulating protein cleavage and RNA replication of the virus. Additionally, this protease can impede the host's innate immune response by targeting the interferon pathway's principal factor and enhance virus replication by modulating the host's RNA metabolism while simultaneously triggering programmed cell death. This article reviews recent studies on SVV 3C functions, which include viral replication promotion, cell apoptosis modulation and host immune response evasion, and provides a theoretical basis for research on preventing and controlling SVV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yu Zhang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-ying Li
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hai-xin Huang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chen-chen Zhao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-xiao Lei
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bao-peng Zhao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing-yi Lu
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-chao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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21
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Wang X, Abdullah SW, Wu J, Tang J, Zhang Y, Dong H, Bai M, Wei S, Sun S, Guo H. Foot-and-mouth disease virus downregulates vacuolar protein sorting 28 to promote viral replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0018123. [PMID: 37565750 PMCID: PMC10506468 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00181-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting 28 (Vps28), a component of the ESCRT-I (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I), plays an important role in the pathogen life cycle. Here, we investigated the reciprocal regulation between Vps28 and the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Overexpression of Vps28 decreased FMDV replication. On the contrary, the knockdown of Vps28 increased viral replication. Subsequently, the mechanistic study showed that Vps28 destabilized the replication complex (RC) by associating with 3A rather than 2C protein. In addition, Vps28 targeted FMDV VP0, VP1, and VP3 for degradation to inhibit viral replication. To counteract this, FMDV utilized tactics to restrict Vps28 to promote viral replication. FMDV degraded Vps28 mainly through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Additional data demonstrated that 2B and 3A proteins recruited E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 21 to degrade Vps28 at Lys58 and Lys25, respectively, and FMDV 3Cpro degraded Vps28 through autophagy and its protease activity. Meantime, the 3Cpro-mediated Vps28 degradation principally alleviated the ability to inhibit viral propagation. Intriguingly, we also demonstrated that the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of Vps28 were responsible for the suppression of FMDV replication, which suggested the elaborated counteraction between FMDV and Vps28. Collectively, our results first investigate the role of ESCRTs in host defense against picornavirus and unveil underlying strategies utilized by FMDV to evade degradation machinery for triumphant propagation. IMPORTANCE ESCRT machinery plays positive roles in virus entry, replication, and budding. However, little has been reported on its negative regulation effects during viral infection. Here, we uncovered the novel roles of ESCRT-I subunit Vps28 on FMDV replication. The data indicated that Vps28 destabilized the RC and impaired viral structural proteins VP0, VP1, and VP3 to inhibit viral replication. To counteract this, FMDV hijacked intracellular protein degradation pathways to downregulate Vps28 expression and thus promoted viral replication. Our findings provide insights into how ESCRT regulates pathogen life cycles and elucidate additional information regarding FMDV counteraction of host antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jin'en Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianli Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hu Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Manyuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sumin Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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22
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Wang Q, Meng H, Ge D, Shan H, Geri L, Liu F. Structural and nonstructural proteins of Senecavirus A: Recent research advances, and lessons learned from those of other picornaviruses. Virology 2023; 585:155-163. [PMID: 37348144 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging virus, causing vesicular disease in swine. SVA is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, which is the only member of the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. SVA genome encodes 12 proteins: L, VP4, VP2, VP3, VP1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D. The VP1 to VP4 are structural proteins, and the others are nonstructural proteins. The replication of SVA in host cells is a complex process coordinated by an elaborate interplay between the structural and nonstructural proteins. Structural proteins are primarily involved in the invasion and assembly of virions. Nonstructural proteins modulate viral RNA translation and replication, and also take part in antagonizing the antiviral host response and in disrupting some cellular processes to allow virus replication. Here, we systematically reviewed the molecular functions of SVA structural and nonstructural proteins by reference to literatures of SVA itself and other picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China
| | - Hailan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dong Ge
- Qingdao Lijian Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266114, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Letu Geri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011, China.
| | - Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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23
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Li W, You G, Haiyilati A, Wang H, Jiao H, Wang Y, Gao L, Cao H, Li X, Zheng SJ. Critical Role of Viral Protein Hexon in Hypervirulent Fowl Adenovirus Serotype-4-Induced Autophagy by Interaction with BAG3 and Promotion of Viral Replication in LMH Cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0028423. [PMID: 37255472 PMCID: PMC10308884 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00284-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis-pericardial syndrome (HHS) is an acute highly infectious avian disease caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), characterized by fulminant hepatitis and hydropericardium in broilers. Since 2015, a widespread epidemic has occurred in China due to the emergence of hypervirulent FAdV-4 (HPFAdV-4), causing huge losses to the stakeholders. However, the pathogenesis of HPFAdV-4 and the host responses to its infection remain elusive. Here, we show that infection of leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells by HPFAdV-4 induced complete autophagy in cells and that the autophagy induced by recombinant HPFAdV-4-ON1 (rHPFAdV-4-ON1), a viral strain generated by replacing the hexon gene of wild-type HPFAdV-4 (HPFAdV-4-WT) with the one of nonpathogenic strain FAdV-4-ON1, was remarkably mitigated compared to that of the rHPFAdV-4-WT control, suggesting that HPFAdV-4 hexon is responsible for virus-induced autophagy. Importantly, we found that hexon interacted with a cellular protein, BAG3, a host protein that initiates autophagy, and that BAG3 expression increased in cells infected with HPFAdV-4. Furthermore, knockdown of BAG3 by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly inhibited HPFAdV-4- or hexon-induced autophagy and suppressed viral replication. On the contrary, expression of hexon markedly upregulated the expression of BAG3 via activating the P38 signaling pathway, triggering autophagy. Thus, these findings reveal that HPFAdV-4 hexon interacts with the host protein BAG3 and promotes BAG3 expression by activating P38 signaling pathway, thereby inducing autophagy and enhancing viral proliferation, which immensely furthers our understanding of the pathogenesis of HPFAdV-4 infection. IMPORTANCE HHS, mainly caused by HPFAdV-4, has caused large economic losses to the stakeholders in recent years. Infection of leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells by HPFAdV-4 induced complete autophagy that is essential for HPFAdV-4 replication. By a screening strategy, the viral protein hexon was found responsible for virus-induced autophagy in cells. Importantly, hexon was identified as a factor promoting viral replication by interaction with BAG3, an initiator of host cell autophagy. These findings will help us to better understand the host response to HPFAdV-4 infection, providing a novel insight into the pathogenesis of HPFAdV-4 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangju You
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Areayi· Haiyilati
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongnuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixuan Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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24
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Zhang C, Zhao X, Wang Z, Gong T, Zhao H, Zhang D, Niu Y, Li X, Zhao X, Li G, Dong X, Zhang L, Liu C, Xu J, Yu B. Dasatinib in combination with BMS-754807 induce synergistic cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells through inhibiting lung cancer cell growth, and inducing autophagy as well as cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Invest New Drugs 2023:10.1007/s10637-023-01360-9. [PMID: 37097369 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Combination of drugs targeting independent signaling pathways would effectively block the proliferation of cancer cells with lower concentrations and stronger synergy effects. Dasatinib, a multi-targeted protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting BCR-ABL and kinases of SRC family, has been successfully applied in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). BMS-754807, an inhibitor targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR) and insulin receptor (IR) family kinases, has been in phase I development for the treatment of a variety of human cancers. Herein, we demonstrated that dasatinib in combination with BMS-754807 inhibited lung cancer cell growth, while induced autophagy as well as cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Dasatinib in combination with BMS-754807 suppressed the expression of cell cycle marker proteins, Rb, p-Rb, CDK4, CDK6 and Cyclin D1, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Dasatinib in combination with BMS-754807 induced autophagy in lung cancer cells, evidenced by the upregulation of LC3B II and beclin-1, the downregulation of LC3B I and SQSTM1/p62, and the autophagic flux observed with a confocal fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, dasatinib (18 mg/kg) in combination with BMS-754807 (18 mg/kg) inhibited the growth of tumors in NCI-H3255 xenografts without changing the bodyweight. Overall, our results suggest that dasatinib in combination with BMS-754807 inhibits the lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vitro, which indicates promising evidence for the application of the drug combination in lung cancer therapy.
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Grants
- 20210302124183, 201701D121165, 201901D111190 Natural Science Basic Project of Shanxi Province, China
- KLMEC/SXMU-202011 Open Fund from Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
- 1331KSC Shanxi '1331 Project' Key Subjects Construction, China
- 2019059 Scientific research project of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission, China
- 2020-194 and 2021-165 Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China
- 30901821 and 81172136 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 201901D211547 Outstanding Youth Foundation of Shanxi Province, China
- 2021YZ03 "136" College-level open fund, China
- 2021L339 Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi
- 201801D221069 Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xinan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuhu Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xuhua Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- General Surgery Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xiushan Dong
- General Surgery Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Baofeng Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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25
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Gervais O, Peñaloza C, Gratacap R, Papadopoulou A, Beltrán M, Henderson NC, Houston RD, Hassan MA, Robledo D. Understanding host response to infectious salmon anaemia virus in an Atlantic salmon cell line using single-cell RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:161. [PMID: 36991327 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV) is an Orthomixovirus that represents a large problem for salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Current prevention and treatment methods are only partially effective. Genetic selection and genome engineering have the potential to develop ISAV resistant salmon stocks. Both strategies can benefit from an improved understanding of the genomic regulation of ISAV pathogenesis. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing of an Atlantic salmon cell line to provide the first high dimensional insight into the transcriptional landscape that underpins host-virus interaction during early ISAV infection. RESULTS Salmon head kidney (SHK-1) cells were single-cell RNA sequenced at 24, 48 and 96 h post-ISAV challenge. At 24 h post infection, cells showed expression signatures consistent with viral entry, with genes such as PI3K, FAK or JNK being upregulated relative to uninfected cells. At 48 and 96 h, infected cells showed a clear anti-viral response, characterised by the expression of IFNA2 or IRF2. Uninfected bystander cells at 48 and 96 h also showed clear transcriptional differences, potentially suggesting paracrine signalling from infected cells. These bystander cells expressed pathways such as mRNA sensing, RNA degradation, ubiquitination or proteasome; and up-regulation of mitochondrial ribosome genes also seemed to play a role in the host response to the infection. Correlation between viral and host genes revealed novel genes potentially key for this fish-virus interaction. CONCLUSIONS This study has increased our understanding of the cellular response of Atlantic salmon during ISAV infection and revealed host-virus interactions at the cellular level. Our results highlight various potential key genes in this host-virus interaction, which can be manipulated in future functional studies to increase the resistance of Atlantic salmon to ISAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Gervais
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Carolina Peñaloza
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Remi Gratacap
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Athina Papadopoulou
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mariana Beltrán
- Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen´s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen´s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross D Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Benchmark Genetics, 1 Pioneer Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Penicuik, EH26 0GB, UK
| | - Musa A Hassan
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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26
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Lv L, Guan J, Zhen R, Lv P, Xu M, Liu X, He S, Fang Z, Li Z, Lan Y, Lu H, He W, Gao F, Zhao K. Orf virus induces complete autophagy to promote viral replication via inhibition of AKT/mTOR and activation of the ERK1/2/mTOR signalling pathway in OFTu cells. Vet Res 2023; 54:22. [PMID: 36918891 PMCID: PMC10013242 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, which is an important zoonotic pathogen with a widespread distribution affecting sheep, goats and humans. Our previous research showed that autophagy can be induced in host cells by ORFV infection. However, the exact mechanism of ORFV-induced autophagy remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of autophagy induced by ORFV in OFTu cells and the impact of autophagy on ORFV replication. By using specific autophagy inhibitors and activators, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy imaging, we confirmed that ORFV infection triggered intracellular autophagosome accumulation and the activation of autophagic flux. Moreover, ORFV-induced autophagic activity was found to rely on an increase in the phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) and a decrease in the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is mediated by the suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and activation of the ERK1/2/mTOR signalling pathway. Furthermore, we investigated the role of mTOR-mediated autophagy during ORFV replication using pharmacological agents and demonstrated that ORFV-induced autophagy correlated positively with viral replication. Taken together, our data reveal the pathways of ORFV-induced autophagy and the impact of autophagy on ORFV replication, providing new insights into ORFV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruixue Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shishi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yungang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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27
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Tan W, Zhang S, He Y, Wu Z, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Mao S, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Chen S, Cheng A. Nonstructural proteins 2B and 4A of Tembusu virus induce complete autophagy to promote viral multiplication in vitro. Vet Res 2023; 54:23. [PMID: 36918952 PMCID: PMC10013240 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an emerging flavivirus that has broken out in different regions of China. TMUV infection has been reported to induce autophagy in duck embryo fibroblast cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this autophagy induction remain unclear. Here, we explored the interactions between autophagy and TMUV and the effects of the structural and nonstructural proteins of TMUV on autophagy in vitro. Among our results, TMUV infection enhanced autophagy to facilitate viral replication in HEK293T cells. After pharmacologically inducing autophagy with rapamycin (Rapa), the replication of TMUV increased by a maximum of 14-fold compared with the control group. To determine which TMUV protein primarily induced autophagy, cells were transfected with two structural proteins and seven nonstructural proteins of TMUV. Western blotting showed that nonstructural proteins 2B (NS2B) and 4 A (NS4A) of TMUV significantly induced the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) from LC3-I to LC3-II in HEK293T cells. In addition, through immunofluorescence assays, we found that NS2B and NS4A significantly increased the punctate fluorescence of GFP-LC3-II. Furthermore, we found that both NS2B and NS4A interacted with polyubiquitin-binding protein sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) in a coimmunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, the autophagic degradation of p62 and LC3 mediated by NS2B or NS4A was inhibited by treatment with the autophagic flux inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). These results confirmed the vital effects of NS2B and NS4A in TMUV-induced complete autophagy and clarified the importance of complete autophagy for viral replication, providing novel insight into the relationship between TMUV and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Tan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Senzhao Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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28
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Liu W, Shang X, Wen W, Ren X, Qin L, Li X, Qian P. Seneca Valley virus enters cells through multiple pathways and traffics intracellularly via the endolysosomal pathway. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 36947577 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV, also known as Senecavirus A), an oncolytic virus, is a nonenveloped, positive-strand RNA virus and the sole member of the genus Senecavirus within the family Picornaviridae. The mechanisms of SVV entry into cells are currently almost unknown. In the present study, we found that SVV entry into HEK293T cells is acidic pH-dependent by using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and chloroquine, both of which could inhibit SVV infection. We confirmed that dynamin II is required for SVV entry by using dynasore, silencing the dynamin II protein, or expressing the dominant-negative (DN) K44A mutant of dynamin II. Then, we discovered that chlorpromazine (CPZ) treatment or knockdown of the clathrin heavy chain (CLTC) protein significantly inhibited SVV infection. In addition, overexpression of CLTC promoted SVV infection. Caveolin-1 and membrane cholesterol were also required for SVV endocytosis. Notably, utilizing genistein, EIPA or nocodazole, we observed that macropinocytosis and microtubules are not involved in SVV entry. Furthermore, overexpression of the Rab7 and Rab9 proteins but not the Rab5 or Rab11 proteins promoted SVV infection. The findings were further validated by the knockdown of four Rabs and Lamp1 proteins, indicating that after internalization, SVV is transported from late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) or lysosomes, respectively, eventually releasing its RNA into the cytosol from the lysosomes. Our findings concretely revealed SVV endocytosis mechanisms in HEK293T cells and provided an insightful theoretical foundation for further research into SVV oncolytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xianfei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xujiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liuxing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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29
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Liu H, Zhu Z, Xue Q, Yang F, Li Z, Xue Z, Cao W, He J, Guo J, Liu X, Shaw AE, King DP, Zheng H. Innate sensing of picornavirus infection involves cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA release. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011132. [PMID: 36745686 PMCID: PMC9934381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays a key role in the innate immune responses to both DNA and RNA virus infection. Here, we found that enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), Seneca Valley virus (SVV), and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection triggered mitochondria damage and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release in vitro and vivo. These responses were mediated by picornavirus 2B proteins which induced mtDNA release during viral replication. SVV infection caused the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and led to voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)- and BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 (Bak) and Bak/BCL2-associated X (Bax)-dependent mtDNA leakage into the cytoplasm, while EV-A71 and FMDV infection induced mPTP opening and resulted in VDAC1-dependent mtDNA release. The released mtDNA bound to cGAS and activated cGAS-mediated antiviral immune response. cGAS was essential for inhibiting EV-A71, SVV, and FMDV replication by regulation of IFN-β production. cGAS deficiency contributed to higher mortality of EV-A71- or FMDV-infected mice. In addition, we found that SVV 2C protein was responsible for decreasing cGAS expression through the autophagy pathway. The 9th and 153rd amino acid sites in 2C were critical for induction of cGAS degradation. Furthermore, we also show that EV-A71, CA16, and EMCV 2C antagonize the cGAS-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway through interaction with STING, and highly conserved amino acids Y155 and S156 were critical for this inhibitory effect. In conclusion, these data reveal novel mechanisms of picornaviruses to block the antiviral effect mediated by the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, which will provide insights for developing antiviral strategies against picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoning Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Andrew E. Shaw
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Donald P. King
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Jiang Z, Dong T, Wang Y, Tang L, Zhao C, Wen Y, Chen J. Gandouling alleviates cognitive dysfunction by regulates the p62/Nrf2 signaling pathway to reduce oxidative stress and autophagy in mice models of Wilson’s disease. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Jassey A, Wagner MA, Galitska G, Paudel B, Miller K, Jackson WT. Starvation after infection restricts enterovirus D68 replication. Autophagy 2023; 19:112-125. [PMID: 35446171 PMCID: PMC9809931 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2062888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a respiratory pathogen associated with acute flaccid myelitis, a childhood paralysis disease. No approved vaccine or antiviral treatment exists against EV-D68. Infection with this virus induces the formation of autophagosomes to enhance its replication but blocks the downstream autophagosome- lysosome fusion steps. Here, we examined the impact of autophagy induction through starvation, either before (starvation before infection, SBI) or after (starvation after infection, SAI) EV-D68 infection. We showed that SAI, but not SBI, attenuated EV-D68 replication in multiple cell lines and abrogated the viral-mediated cleavage of host autophagic flux-related proteins. Furthermore, SAI induced autophagic flux during EV-D68 replication and prevented production of virus-induced membranes, which are required for picornavirus replication. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagic flux during SAI did not rescue EV-D68 titers. SAI had the same effect in multiple cell types, and restricted the replication of several medically relevant picornaviruses. Our results highlight the significance of autophagosomes for picornavirus replication and identify SAI as an attractive broad-spectrum anti-picornavirus strategy.Abbreviations: BAF: bafilomycin A1; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CQ: chloroquine; CVB3: coxsackievirus B3; EV-D68: enterovirus D68; hpi: hour post-infection; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; NSP2B: nonstructural protein 2B; PV: poliovirus; RES: resveratrol; RV14: rhinovirus 14; SAI: starvation after infection; SBI: starvation before infection; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagie Jassey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ganna Galitska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bimal Paudel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katelyn Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William T. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,CONTACT William T. Jackson Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Pathogen Research University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Ciliatoside A, isolated from Peristrophe japonica, inhibits HBsAg expression and cccDNA transcription by inducing autophagy. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105482. [PMID: 36496141 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and seroconversion are considered as an end point of a functional cure. Therefore, it is crucial to find new agents which could efficiently decrease HBsAg. Traditional herbal plants have been considered as an important source of new hepatitis B drugs development for their extensive use in antimicrobial and anti-inflammation. In this study, Peristrophe japonica, which could remarkably reduce HBsAg in the supernatant of HepG2.2.15 cells, was screened out for further extraction. Here, an active ethyl acetate fraction of Peristrophe japonica containing 34 sub-fractions was extracted. Subsequently, the monomeric compound Ciliatoside A was isolated and identified as a potential antiviral reagent with low cytotoxicity from Fraction 30. Ciliatoside A exhibited strong inhibition on intracellular and circulating HBsAg and HBV RNAs in HBV-infected cells and an HBV recombinant-cccDNA mouse model. The mechanistic study revealed that Ciliatoside A exhibited a potent anti-HBV effect through inducing autophagy-lysosomal pathway to autophagic degradation of HBc by activating AMPK-ULK1 axis and inhibiting mTOR activation. In summary, we have identified a novel antiviral compound Ciliatoside A isolated from Peristrophe japonica. This study may provide important direction and new ideas for the discovery of hepatitis B cure drugs.
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Zhao K, Zhang S, Liu X, Guo X, Guo Z, Zhang X, Yuan W. The game between host antiviral innate immunity and immune evasion strategies of senecavirus A - A cell biological perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1107173. [PMID: 36618383 PMCID: PMC9813683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of the cellular host to defend against viral infection. Upon infection, viruses can be sensed by the cellular host's pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the activation of the signaling cascade and the robust production of interferons (IFNs) to restrict the infection and replication of the viruses. However, numerous cunning viruses have evolved strategies to evade host innate immunity. The senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly identified member of the Picornaviridae family, causing severe vesicular or ulcerative lesions on the oral mucosa, snout, coronary bands, and hooves of pigs of different ages. During SVA infection, the cellular host will launch the innate immune response and various physiological processes to restrict SVA. In contrast, SVA has evolved several strategies to evade the porcine innate immune responses. This review focus on the underlying mechanisms employed by SVA to evade pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways, type I interferon (IFN-α/β) receptor (IFNAR) signaling pathway, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and autophagy, and stress granules. Deciphering the antiviral immune evasion mechanisms by SVA will enhance our understanding of SVA's pathogenesis and provide insights into developing antiviral strategies and improving vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China,Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shixia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhaomeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wanzhe Yuan, ; Xiaozhan Zhang,
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China,Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China,*Correspondence: Wanzhe Yuan, ; Xiaozhan Zhang,
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Seneca Valley Virus Enters PK-15 Cells via Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis and Macropinocytosis Dependent on Low-pH, Dynamin, Rab5, and Rab7. J Virol 2022; 96:e0144622. [PMID: 36472440 PMCID: PMC9769397 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01446-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a new pathogen resulting in porcine vesicular disease, is prevalent in pig herds worldwide. Although an understanding of SVV biology pathogenesis is crucial for preventing and controlling this disease, the molecular mechanisms for the entry and post-internalization of SVV, which represent crucial steps in viral infection, are not well characterized. In this study, specific inhibitors, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence detection revealed that SVV entry into PK-15 cells depends on low-pH conditions and dynamin. Furthermore, results showed that caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) contributes crucially to the internalization of SVV, as evidenced by cholesterol depletion, downregulation of caveolin-1 expression by small interfering RNA knockdown, and overexpression of a caveolin-1 dominant negative (caveolin-1-DN) in SVV-infected PK-15 cells. However, SVV entry into PK-15 cells did not depend on clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Furthermore, treatment with specific inhibitors demonstrated that SVV entry into PK-15 cells via macropinocytosis depended on the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), and actin rearrangement, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Electron microscopy showed that SVV particles or proteins were localized in CavME and macropinocytosis. Finally, knockdown of GTPase Rab5 and Rab7 by siRNA significantly inhibited SVV replication, as determined by measuring viral genome copy numbers, viral protein expression, and viral titers. In this study, our results demonstrated that SVV utilizes caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis to enter PK-15 cells, dependent on low pH, dynamin, Rab5, and Rab7. IMPORTANCE Entry of virus into cells represents the initiation of a successful infection. As an emerging pathogen of porcine vesicular disease, clarification of the process of SVV entry into cells enables us to better understand the viral life cycle and pathogenesis. In this study, patterns of SVV internalization and key factors required were explored. We demonstrated for the first time that SVV entry into PK-15 cells via caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis requires Rab5 and Rab7 and is independent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and that low-pH conditions and dynamin are involved in the process of SVV internalization. This information increases our understanding of the patterns in which all members of the family Picornaviridae enter host cells, and provides new insights for preventing and controlling SVV infection.
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Deng T, Hu B, Wang X, Ding S, Lin L, Yan Y, Peng X, Zheng X, Liao M, Jin Y, Dong W, Gu J, Zhou J. TRAF6 autophagic degradation by avibirnavirus VP3 inhibits antiviral innate immunity via blocking NFKB/NF-κB activation. Autophagy 2022; 18:2781-2798. [PMID: 35266845 PMCID: PMC9673932 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2047384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important reversible post-translational modification. Many viruses hijack the host ubiquitin system to enhance self-replication. In the present study, we found that Avibirnavirus VP3 protein was ubiquitinated during infection and supported virus replication by ubiquitination. Mass spectrometry and mutation analysis showed that VP3 was ubiquitinated at residues K73, K135, K158, K193, and K219. Virus rescue showed that ubiquitination at sites K73, K193, and K219 on VP3 could enhance the replication abilities of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and that K135 was essential for virus survival. Binding of the zinc finger domain of TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6) to VP3 mediated K11- and K33-linked ubiquitination of VP3, which promoted its nuclear accumulation to facilitate virus replication. Additionally, VP3 could inhibit TRAF6-mediated NFKB/NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation and IFNB/IFN-β (interferon beta) production to evade host innate immunity by inducing TRAF6 autophagic degradation in an SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1)-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrated a macroautophagic/autophagic mechanism by which Avibirnavirus protein VP3 blocked NFKB-mediated IFNB production by targeting TRAF6 during virus infection, and provided a potential drug target for virus infection control.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; IBDV: infectious bursal disease virus; IF: indirect immunofluorescence; IFNB/IFN-β: interferon beta; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MS: mass spectrometry; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; RNF125: ring finger protein 125; RNF135/Riplet: ring finger protein 135; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: tax1 binding protein1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose; TRAF3: TNF receptor associated factor 3; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; TRIM25: tripartite motif containing 25; Ub: ubiquitin; Wort: wortmannin; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Deng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Boli Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xingbo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Lulu Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiran Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Liao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yulan Jin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiren Dong
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Collaborative innovation center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,CONTACT Jiyong Zhou MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
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Farooq T, Lin Q, She X, Chen T, Tang Y, He Z. Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals a network of differentially expressed genes in Asia II 7 and MEAM1 whitefly cryptic species in response to early infection of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1004513. [PMID: 36267190 PMCID: PMC9577181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is a whitefly-vectored begomovirus that poses ramping threat to several economically important crops worldwide. The differential transmission of CLCuMuV by its vector Bemisia tabaci mainly relies on the type of whitefly cryptic species. However, the molecular responses among different whitefly cryptic species in response to early CLCuMuV infection remain elusive. Here, we compared early-stage transcriptomic profiles of Asia II 7 and MEAM1 cryptic species infected by CLCuMuV. Results of Illumina sequencing revealed that after 6 and 12 h of CLCuMuV acquisition, 153 and 141 genes among viruliferous (VF) Asia II 7, while 445 and 347 genes among VF MEAM 1 whiteflies were differentially expressed compared with aviruliferous (AVF) whiteflies. The most abundant groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among Asia II 7 and MEAM1 were associated with HTH-1 and zf-C2H2 classes of transcription factors (TFs), respectively. Notably, in contrast to Asia II 7, MEAM1 cryptic species displayed higher transcriptional variations with elevated immune-related responses following CLCuMuV infection. Among both cryptic species, we identified several highly responsive candidate DEGs associated with antiviral innate immunity (alpha glucosidase, LSM14-like protein B and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), lysosome (GPI-anchored protein 58) and autophagy/phagosome pathways (sequestosome-1, cathepsin F-like protease), spliceosome (heat shock protein 70), detoxification (cytochrome P450 4C1), cGMP-PKG signaling pathway (myosin heavy chain), carbohydrate metabolism (alpha-glucosidase), biological transport (mitochondrial phosphate carrier) and protein absorption and digestion (cuticle protein 8). Further validation of RNA-seq results showed that 23 of 28 selected genes exhibited concordant expression both in RT-qPCR and RNA-seq. Our findings provide vital mechanistic insights into begomovirus-whitefly interactions to understand the dynamics of differential begomovirus transmission by different whitefly cryptic species and reveal novel molecular targets for sustainable management of insect-transmitted plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yafei Tang
- Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifu He
- Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang J, Wang X, Wang F, Tang X. Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction improves gastrointestinal motility in functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency syndrome by restoring mitochondrial quality control homeostasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154374. [PMID: 35963194 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xiang Sha Liu Junzi decoction (XSLJZD) is a famous traditional Chinese medicinal prescription for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) in spleen deficiency. However, its therapeutic mechanism has not been fully clarified. PURPOSE The present study aimed to determine the role of mitochondrial quality control (MQC)-mediated gastrointestinal motility disorder in FD treated with XSLJZD by using spleen-deficient FD rats and gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells (GSMCs). METHODS In vivo, an FD with spleen deficiency syndrome model was established by gastric perfusion with iodoacetamide solution combined with the modified multiple platform method (MMPM), followed by intragastric gavage with XSLJZD for 4 weeks. Improvement of pathological symptoms was evaluated based on food intake, water intake, grip strength, gastric histopathological changes, gastric emptying rate, small intestinal propulsion rate, and average amplitude and frequency of smooth muscle strips. The mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The colocalization of LC3 and Parkin with mitochondria was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression and localization of Drp1 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, GSMCs were treated with different concentrations of XSLJZD-CS for 24 h, followed by treatment with 20 μM carbon cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) for 4 h. Cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), cellular ATP generation and mitochondrial Keima (mtKeima) expression were examined. Both in vivo and in vitro, gene expression was assessed by Western blotting. All experiments were performed in duplicate. RESULTS Disorders of the mitochondrial quality control system existed in gastric smooth muscle in FD spleen deficiency syndrome. XSLJZD administration promoted the contraction of gastric smooth muscle and restored mitochondrial function by downregulating the colocalization of LC3 or Parkin with mitochondria, reducing the ratio of LC3II/LC3I, decreasing the expression of PINK1, Parkin and Drp1 and increasing the expression of p62 to restore mitochondrial morphology and function. In vitro studies showed that the improvement in mitochondrial function by XSLJZD was related to PINK1-parkin-mediated mitochondrial quality control. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that XSLJZD can improve gastrointestinal motility disorder in functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency syndrome, which was related to reconstruction of the mitochondrial quality control system by restraining PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and division. This study illustrates a novel clinical significance of herbal medicine in the treatment of FD and clarifies the important role of MQC in treating gastrointestinal motility disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Experimental Research Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Inner South Street, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
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Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a new pathogen associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD) in recent years. However, SVV-host interaction is still unclear. In this study, through LC-MS/MS analysis and coimmunoprecipitation analysis, DHX30 was identified as a 3Cpro-interacting protein. 3Cpro mediated the cleavage of DHX30 at a specific site, which depends on its protease activity. Further study showed that DHX30 was an intrinsic antiviral factor against SVV that was dependent on its helicase activity. DHX30 functioned as a viral-RNA binding protein that inhibited SVV replication at the early stage of viral infection. RIP-seq showed comparatively higher coverage depth at SVV 5'UTR, but the distribution across SVV RNA suggested that the interaction had low specificity. DHX30 expression strongly inhibited double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) production. Interestingly, DHX30 was determined to interact with 3D in an SVV RNA-dependent manner. Thus, DHX30 negatively regulated SVV propagation by blocking viral RNA synthesis, presumably by participating in the viral replication complex. IMPORTANCE DHX30, an RNA helicase, is identified as a 3Cpro-interacting protein regulating Seneca Valley virus (SVV) replication dependent on its helicase activity. DHX30 functioned as a viral-RNA binding protein that inhibited SVV replication at the early stage of virus infection. DHX30 expression strongly inhibited double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) production. In addition, 3Cpro abolished DHX30 antiviral effects by inducing DHX30 cleavage. Thus, DHX30 is an intrinsic antiviral factor that inhibits SVV replication.
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Lin X, Zhao Q, Fu B, Xiong Y, Zhang S, Xu S, Wu H. ISOC1 Modulates Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages through the AKT1/PEX11B/Peroxisome Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185896. [PMID: 36144632 PMCID: PMC9505204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation underlies a variety of physiological and pathological processes and plays an essential role in shaping the ensuing adaptive immune responses and in the control of pathogens. However, its physiological functions are not completely clear. Using a LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation model, we found that the production of inflammatory cytokines in ISOC1-deficient cells was significantly higher than that in the control group. It was further proved that ISOC1 deficiency could activate AKT1, and the overactivation of AKT1 could reduce the stability of PEX11B through protein modification, thereby reducing the peroxisome biogenesis and thus affecting inflammation. In this study, we reported for the first time the role of ISOC1 in innate immunity and elucidated the mechanism by which ISOC1 regulates inflammation through AKT1/PEX11B/peroxisome. Our results defined a new role of ISOC1 in the regulatory mechanism underlying the LPS-induced inflammatory response.
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Song J, Quan R, Wang D, Liu J. Seneca Valley Virus 3C pro Cleaves Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K to Facilitate Viral Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:945443. [PMID: 35875542 PMCID: PMC9298500 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.945443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) has emerged as an important pathogen that is associated with idiopathic vesicular infection in pigs, causing a potential threat to the global swine industry. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm plays an important role in viral infection. In this study, we observed that infection with SVV induced cleavage, degradation, and cytoplasmic redistribution of hnRNP K in cultured cells, which was dependent on the activity of viral 3Cpro protease. Also, the 3Cpro induced degradation of hnRNP K via the caspase pathway. Further studies demonstrated that SVV 3Cpro cleaved hnRNP K at residue Q364, and the expression of the cleavage fragment hnRNP K (aa.365–464) facilitates viral replication, which is similar to full-length hnRNP K, whereas hnRNP K (aa.1–364) inhibits viral replication. Additionally, hnRNP K interacts with the viral 5′ untranslated region (UTR), and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of hnRNP K results in significant inhibition of SVV replication. Overall, our results demonstrated that the hnRNP K positively regulates SVV replication in a protease activity-dependent fashion in which the cleaved C-terminal contributes crucially to the upregulation of SVV replication. This finding of the role of hnRNP K in promoting SVV propagation provides a novel antiviral strategy to utilize hnRNP K as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Zhao K, Guo XR, Liu SF, Liu XN, Han Y, Wang LL, Lei BS, Zhang WC, Li LM, Yuan WZ. 2B and 3C Proteins of Senecavirus A Antagonize the Antiviral Activity of DDX21 via the Caspase-Dependent Degradation of DDX21. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951984. [PMID: 35911774 PMCID: PMC9329633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), also known as Seneca Valley virus, is a recently discovered picornavirus that can cause swine vesicular disease, posing a great threat to the global swine industry. It can replicate efficiently in cells, but the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study determined the host’s differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during SVA infection using dimethyl labeling based on quantitative proteomics. Among the DE proteins, DDX21, a member of the DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box RNA helicase (DDX) family, was downregulated and demonstrated inhibiting SVA replication by overexpression and knockdown experiment. To antagonize this antiviral effect of DDX21, SVA infection induces the degradation of DDX21 by 2B and 3C proteins. The Co-IP results showed that 2B and 3C did not interact with DDX21, suggesting that the degradation of DDX21 did not depend on their interaction. Moreover, the 3C protein protease activity was necessary for the degradation of DDX21. Furthermore, our study revealed that the degradation of DDX21 by 2B and 3C proteins of SVA was achieved through the caspase pathway. These findings suggest that DDX21 was an effective antiviral factor for suppressing SVA infection and that SVA antagonized its antiviral effect by degrading DDX21, which will be useful to guide further studies into the mechanism of mutual regulation between SVA and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuai-Feng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Na Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bai-Shi Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wu-Chao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wan-Zhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Research Center of Animal Epidemic Pathogen Biology, China Agriculture Ministry, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Wan-Zhe Yuan,
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Xu Q, Li H, Lu K. Cleavage of the selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 by the SARS-CoV-2 main protease NSP5 prevents the autophagic degradation of viral membrane proteins. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:17. [PMID: 35654983 PMCID: PMC9162485 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Omicron, a new variant of SARS-CoV-2, has the characteristics of strong transmission and pathogenicity, short incubation period, and rapid onset progression, and has spread rapidly around the world. The high replication rate and intracellular accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 are remarkable, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Autophagy acts as a conservative cellular defence mechanism against invading pathogens. Here, we provide evidence that the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, NSP5, effectively cleaves the selective autophagy receptor p62. NSP5 targets p62 for cleavage at glutamic acid 354 and thus abolishes the capacity of p62 to mediate selective autophagy. It was further shown that p62 specifically interacted with ubiquitinated SARS-CoV-2 M, the viral membrane protein, to promote its autophagic degradation. In the presence of NSP5, p62-mediated autophagic degradation of the M protein was inhibited. The cleaved products of p62 also cannot facilitate the degradation of the M protein. Collectively, our findings reveal that p62 is a novel host target of SARS-CoV-2 NSP5 and suggest that selective autophagy targets viruses and potential strategies by which the virus evades autophagic clearance. Our results may provide new ideas for the development of anti-COVID-19 drugs based on autophagy and NSP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiyan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qingjia Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Liu Y, Zhou T, Hu J, Jin S, Wu J, Guan X, Wu Y, Cui J. Targeting Selective Autophagy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Viral Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889835. [PMID: 35572624 PMCID: PMC9096610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation system which can recycle multiple cytoplasmic components under both physiological and stressful conditions. Autophagy could be highly selective to deliver different cargoes or substrates, including protein aggregates, pathogenic proteins or superfluous organelles to lysosome using a series of cargo receptor proteins. During viral invasion, cargo receptors selectively target pathogenic components to autolysosome to defense against infection. However, viruses not only evolve different strategies to counteract and escape selective autophagy, but also utilize selective autophagy to restrict antiviral responses to expedite viral replication. Furthermore, several viruses could activate certain forms of selective autophagy, including mitophagy, lipophagy, aggrephagy, and ferritinophagy, for more effective infection and replication. The complicated relationship between selective autophagy and viral infection indicates that selective autophagy may provide potential therapeutic targets for human infectious diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on the interplay between selective autophagy and host antiviral defense, aiming to arouse the importance of modulating selective autophagy as future therapies toward viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu X, Wang S, Li C, Shi J, Peng Z, Liu C, Han H, Ma Y, Zheng L, Xu S, Du W, Li J, Zhang F. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of the Dicer and Ago2 Genes in BHK-21 Cell Promoted Seneca Virus A Replication and Enhanced Autophagy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:865744. [PMID: 35573771 PMCID: PMC9093602 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.865744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a major form of antiviral defense in host cells, and Ago2 and Dicer are the major proteins of RNAi. The Senecavirus A (SVA) is a reemerging virus, resulting in vesicular lesions in sows and a sharp decline in neonatal piglet production. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to knock out Ago2 and Dicer genes in BHK-21 cell lines used for SVA vaccine production. Cell clones with homozygous frameshift mutations of Ago2 and Dicer genes were successfully identified. The two knockout cell lines were named BHK-DicerΔ- and BHK-Ago2Δ-. Results showed that the two genes’ knockout cell lines were capable of stable passage and the cell growth rate did not change significantly. The replication rate and virus titers of SVA were significantly increased in knockout cell lines, indicating that RNAi could inhibit SVA replication. In addition, compared with normal cells, autophagy was significantly enhanced after SVA-infected knockout cell lines, while there was no significant difference in autophagy between the knockout and normal cell lines without SVA. The results confirmed that SVA could enhance the autophagy in knockout cells and promote viral replication. The two knockout cell lines can obtain viruses with high viral titers and have good application prospects in the production of SVA vaccine. At the same time, the RNAi knockout cell lines provide convenience for further studies on RNAi and SVA resistance to RNAi, and it lays a foundation for further study of SVA infection characteristics and screening of new therapeutic drugs and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Li
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianli Shi
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Han
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingru Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaojian Xu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Li, ; Fan Zhang,
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Li, ; Fan Zhang,
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45
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Song J, Quan R, Wang D, Liu J. Seneca Valley Virus 3C pro Mediates Cleavage and Redistribution of Nucleolin To Facilitate Viral Replication. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0030422. [PMID: 35357201 PMCID: PMC9045095 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00304-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a recently discovered pathogen that poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. It has been shown that many viruses are reliant on nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of nucleolin (NCL) for their own replication. Here, we demonstrate that NCL, a critical protein component of the nucleolus, is cleaved and translocated out of the nucleoli following SVV infection. Furthermore, our data suggest that SVV 3C protease (3Cpro) is responsible for this cleavage and subsequent delocalization from the nucleoli, and that inactivation of this protease activity abolished this cleavage and translocation. SVV 3Cpro cleaved NCL at residue Q545, and the cleavage fragment (aa 1 to 545) facilitated viral replication, which was similar to the activities described for full-length NCL. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown indicated that NCL is required for efficient viral replication and viral protein expression. In contrast, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of NCL significantly enhanced viral replication. Taken together, these results indicate that SVV 3Cpro targets NCL for its cleavage and redistribution, which contributes to efficient viral replication, thereby emphasizing the potential target of antiviral strategies for the control of SVV infection. IMPORTANCE The nucleolus is a subnuclear cellular compartment, and nucleolin (NCL) resides predominantly in the nucleolus. NCL participates in viral replication, translation, internalization, and also serves as a receptor for virus entry. The interaction between NCL and SVV is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SVV 3Cpro targets NCL for its cleavage and nucleocytoplasmic transportation, which contributes to efficient viral replication. Our results reveal novel function of SVV 3Cpro and provide further insight into the mechanisms by which SVV utilizes nucleoli for efficient replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Mx1 Inhibits Senecavirus A Replication in PK-15 Cells by Interacting with the Capsid Proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050863. [PMID: 35632606 PMCID: PMC9147370 DOI: 10.3390/v14050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As an emergent picornavirus pathogenic to pigs, Senecavirus A (SVA) can replicate in pig kidneys and proliferates well in porcine kidney epithelial PK-15 cells. Here, tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the proteome dynamic changes in PK-15 cells during SVA infection. In total, 314, 697 and 426 upregulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 131, 263 and 342 downregulated DEPs were identified at 12, 24 and 36 hpi, respectively. After ensuring reliability of the proteomic data by quantitative PCR and Western blot testing of five randomly selected DEPs, Mx1, eIF4E, G6PD, TOP1 and PGAM1, all the DEPs were subjected to multiple bioinformatics analyses, including GO, COG, KEGG and STRING. The results reveal that the DEPs were mainly involved in host innate and adaptive immune responses in the early and middle stages of SVA infection, while the DEPs mainly participated in various metabolic processes in the late stage of infection. Finally, we demonstrated that Mx1 protein exerts antiviral activity against SVA by interacting with VP1 and VP2 proteins dependent on its GTPase, oligomerization and interaction activities, while Mx1 interacts with VP3 only depending on its oligomerization activity. Collectively, our study provides valuable clues for further investigation of SVA pathogenesis.
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Luo D, Wang H, Wang Q, Liang W, Liu B, Xue D, Yang Y, Ma B. Senecavirus A as an Oncolytic Virus: Prospects, Challenges and Development Directions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:839536. [PMID: 35371972 PMCID: PMC8968071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.839536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have the capacity to selectively kill infected tumor cells and trigger protective immunity. As such, oncolytic virotherapy has become a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer. A variety of viruses from different families have been proven to have oncolytic potential. Senecavirus A (SVA) was the first picornavirus to be tested in humans for its oncolytic potential and was shown to penetrate solid tumors through the vascular system. SVA displays several properties that make it a suitable model, such as its inability to integrate into human genome DNA and the absence of any viral-encoded oncogenes. In addition, genetic engineering of SVA based on the manipulation of infectious clones facilitates the development of recombinant viruses with improved therapeutic indexes to satisfy the criteria of safety and efficacy regulations. This review summarizes the current knowledge and strategies of genetic engineering for SVA, and addresses the current challenges and future directions of SVA as an oncolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dankun Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenping Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Biao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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48
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Identification of a B-Cell Epitope in the VP3 Protein of Senecavirus A. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112300. [PMID: 34835106 PMCID: PMC8621820 DOI: 10.3390/v13112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a member of the genus Senecavirus of the family Picornaviridae. SVA-associated vesicular disease (SAVD) outbreaks have been extensively reported since 2014–2015. Characteristic symptoms include vesicular lesions on the snout and feet as well as lameness in adult pigs and even death in piglets. The capsid protein VP3, a structural protein of SVA, is involved in viral replication and genome packaging. Here, we developed and characterized a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3E9 against VP3. A motif 192GWFSLHKLTK201 was identified as the linear B-cell epitope recognized by mAb 3E9 by using a panel of GFP-tagged epitope polypeptides. Sequence alignments show that 192GWFSLHKLTK201 was highly conserved in all SVA strains. Subsequently, alanine (A)-scanning mutagenesis indicated that W193, F194, L196, and H197 were the critical residues recognized by mAb 3E9. Further investigation with indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated that the VP3 protein was present in the cytoplasm during SVA replication. In addition, the mAb 3E9 specifically immunoprecipitated the VP3 protein from SVA-infected cells. Taken together, our results indicate that mAb 3E9 could be a powerful tool to work on the function of the VP3 protein during virus infection.
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Synergetic contributions of viral VP1, VP3, and 3C to activation of the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR signaling pathway for Seneca Valley virus-induced autophagy. J Virol 2021; 96:e0155021. [PMID: 34757844 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01550-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, can activate autophagy via the PERK and ATF6 unfolded protein response pathways and facilitate viral replication; however, the precise molecular mechanism that regulates SVV-induced autophagy remains unclear. Here, we revealed that SVV infection inhibited the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) and activated phosphorylation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT. We observed that activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and p38 MAPK signaling by SVV infection promoted autophagy induction and viral replication; additionally, the SVV-induced autophagy was independent of the ULK1 complex. We further evaluated the role of viral protein(s) in the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR pathway during SVV-induced autophagy and found that VP1 induced autophagy, as evidenced by puncta colocalization with microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in the cytoplasm and enhanced LC3-II levels. This might be associated with the interaction of VP1 with sequestosome 1 and promoting its degradation. In addition, the expression of VP1 enhanced AKT phosphorylation and AMPK phosphorylation, while MTOR phosphorylation was inhibited. These results indicate that VP1 induces autophagy by the AKT-AMPK-MTOR pathway. Additionally, expression of VP3 and 3C was found to activate autophagy induction via the ERK1/2 MAPK-MTOR and p38 MAPK-MTOR pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that SVV-induced autophagy has finely-tuned molecular mechanisms in which VP1, VP3, and 3C contribute synergistically to the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR pathway. IMPORTANCE Autophagy is an essential cellular catabolic process to sustain normal physiological processes that modulated by a variety of signaling pathways. Invading virus is a stimulus to induce autophagy that regulates viral replication. It has been demonstrated that Seneca Valley virus (SVV) induced autophagy via the PERK and ATF6 unfolded protein response pathways. However, the precise signaling pathway involved in autophagy is still poorly understood. In this study, our results demonstrated that viral proteins VP1, VP3, and 3C contribute synergistically to activation of the AKT-AMPK-MAPK-MTOR signaling pathway for SVV-induced autophagy. These findings reveal systemically the finely-tuned mocleular mechanism of SVV-induced autophagy, thereby facilitating to deeper insight into the development of potential control strategies against SVV infection.
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