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Agde ZD, H. Magnus J, Assefa N, Wordofa MA. The protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate couple-based violence prevention education and its ability to reduce intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Southwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303009. [PMID: 38739581 PMCID: PMC11090299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of women in Ethiopia suffer from violence by their intimate partner during pregnancy, which has adverse maternal and newborn outcomes. Couple-focused interventions are effective in reducing and/or controlling violence between women and their intimate partners. However, interventions addressing intimate partners of the victims are not well studied, particularly in the Ethiopian setting. This study aims to assess the effect of couple-based violence prevention education on intimate partner violence during pregnancy. METHODS We will use a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of couple-based violence prevention education compared to routine care in reducing intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Sixteen kebeles will be randomly assigned to 8 interventions and 8 control groups. In the trial, 432 couples whose wife is pregnant will participate. Health extension workers (HEWs) will provide health education. Data will be collected at baseline and endline. All the collected data will be analyzed using Stata version 16.0 or SPSS version 25.0. We will use the McNemar test to assess the differences in outcomes of interest in both intervention and control groups before and after the intervention for categorical data. A paired t-test will be used to compare continuous outcome of interest in the intervention and the control groups after and before the intervention. The GEE (Generalized Estimating Equation), will be used to test the independent effect of the intervention on the outcome of the interest. Data analysis will be performed with an intention-to-treat analysis approach. During the analysis, the effect size, confidence interval, and p-value will be calculated. All tests will be two-sided, and statistical significance will be declared at p < 0.05. DISCUSSION We expect that the study will generate findings that can illuminate violence prevention strategies and practices in Ethiopia. TRIAL REGISTRATION It has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05856214 on May 4, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeleke Dutamo Agde
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | | | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Muluemebet Abera Wordofa
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Lo J, Jaswal S, Yeung M, Chattu VK, Bani-Fatemi A, Howe A, Yazdani A, Gohar B, Gross DP, Nowrouzi-Kia B. A systematic review of the literature: Gender-based violence in the construction and natural resources industry. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:654-666. [PMID: 39027385 PMCID: PMC11252573 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gender-based violence (GBV) poses a significant concern in the construction and natural resources industries, where women, due to lower social status and integration, are at heightened risk. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence and experience of GBV in the construction and natural resources industries. A systematic search across databases including PubMed, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL was conducted. The Risk of Bias Instrument for Cross-sectional Surveys of Attitudes and Practices by McMaster University and the Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Studies by the Center for Evidence Based Medicine at the University of Oxford were used to assess the studies included in the review. Six articles were included after full-text analysis. GBV was reported in the construction, mining, urban forestry, and arboriculture sectors. Workplace GBV was measured differently across the studies, and all studies examined more than one form of GBV. The main forms of GBV discussed in these studies were discrimination, sexual harassment, and sexism. The studies provided some insight for demographic factors that may or may not be associated with GBV, such as age, region of work, and number of years working in the industry. The review also suggests that workplace GBV has a negative impact on mental health and well-being outcomes, such as higher levels of stress and lower job satisfaction. The current research has not established the effectiveness of interventions, tools, or policies in these workplaces. Thus, additional research should include intervention studies that aim to minimize or prevent GBV in male-dominated workplaces. The current study can bring awareness and acknowledgement towards GBV in the workplace and highlight the importance of addressing it as this review outlines the negative consequences of GBV on mental health and well-being in these male-dominated industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Lo
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Sharan Jaswal
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Matthew Yeung
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha 442107, India
| | - Ali Bani-Fatemi
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Aaron Howe
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Amin Yazdani
- Canadian Institute for Safety, Wellness & Performance, School of Business, Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Kitchener, ON N2G 4M4, Canada
| | - Basem Gohar
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Douglas P. Gross
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4, Canada
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Vara-Horna AA, Giraldo-Mejia W, Guzman-Melgar C, Quintana-Otiniano M, Navarro-Viacava M, Delgado-Zegarra J. SDGs Managers' Assessment Bias and Their Implications for Preventing Violence Against Women in Companies. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241251970. [PMID: 38693859 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241251970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the role of managers' perceptions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in preventing violence against women in companies. Surveying 673 managers in Lima, Peru, it found gender-based discrepancies in SDG priorities, with men leaning toward industry goals and women toward well-being and gender equality. Socially ingrained gender biases influence prevention strategies: men often comply with mandatory measures, while women opt for noncompulsory strategic actions. Notably, a high valuation of SDG-5 (gender equality) correlates with diverse prevention efforts. The findings highlight the importance of addressing gender bias in company practices and improving business school formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arístides A Vara-Horna
- School of Administrative Sciences and Human Resources, San Martin de Porres University, Santa Anita, Lima, Perú
| | - Wilfredo Giraldo-Mejia
- School of Administrative Sciences and Human Resources, San Martin de Porres University, Santa Anita, Lima, Perú
| | - Catalina Guzman-Melgar
- School of Administrative Sciences and Human Resources, San Martin de Porres University, Santa Anita, Lima, Perú
| | - María Quintana-Otiniano
- School of Administrative Sciences and Human Resources, San Martin de Porres University, Santa Anita, Lima, Perú
| | - Marco Navarro-Viacava
- School of Administrative Sciences and Human Resources, San Martin de Porres University, Santa Anita, Lima, Perú
| | - Jaime Delgado-Zegarra
- School of Administrative Sciences and Human Resources, San Martin de Porres University, Santa Anita, Lima, Perú
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Schucan Bird K, Stokes N, Rivas C, Tomlinson M, Delve M, Gordon L, Gregory A, Lawrence K, O’Reilly N. Training Informal Supporters to Improve Responses to Victim-Survivors of Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1568-1584. [PMID: 37649408 PMCID: PMC10913311 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231189191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Informal supporters (friends, family, colleagues, and community members) play a crucial role in societal-wide responses to victim-survivors of domestic violence and abuse. Familial and social networks, however, report a sense of helplessness and difficulties in knowing how to respond. This mixed method systematic review examines the effectiveness, and perceived effectiveness, of training informal supporters to improve their responses to victim-survivors. A novel conceptual framework was developed to underpin the review. A systematic search of four electronic databases, specialist repositories, and websites were used to identify empirical research (in academic or gray literature). Eleven included studies examined educational interventions that aimed to improve responses from informal supporters. Quality appraisal was undertaken, and studies were judged to be "good enough" for synthesis. The studies in the review indicated that informal supporters recognized the value of training for building understanding and equipping them with the skills to respond to victim-survivors. The synthesis identified statistically significant improvements in the knowledge and attitudes of informal supporters in the immediate and short-term following training. Using a behavior change model to frame the evidence, the review found that training/educational activities prime informal supporters to respond to victim-survivors, as well as enhancing their capacity and motivation to do so. This increases the likelihood that informal supporters will take action to support victim-survivors of abuse. We don't know, however, what type of support they will provide and/or whether it would be judged to be helpful by victim-survivors.
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Dheensa S, McLindon E, Spencer C, Pereira S, Shrestha S, Emsley E, Gregory A. Healthcare Professionals' Own Experiences of Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Systematic Review of Risk Markers and Consequences. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:1282-1299. [PMID: 34978481 PMCID: PMC10240650 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211061771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Globally, healthcare professionals (HCPs) are increasingly asked to identify and respond to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) among patients. However, their own experiences of DVA have been largely ignored.Aim: To determine the prevalence of current and lifetime DVA victimisation among HCPs globally, and identify risk markers, consequences and support-seeking for DVA.Method: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL ASSIA and ProQuest were searched. Studies about HCPs' personal experience of any type of DVA from any health service/country were included. Meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were adopted.Results: Fifty-one reports were included. Pooled lifetime prevalence was 31.3% (95% CI [24.7%, 38.7%] p < .001)) and past-year prevalence was 10.4% (95% CI [5.8%, 17.9%] p <.001). Pooled lifetime prevalence significantly differed (Qb=6.96, p < .01) between men (14.8%) and women (41.8%), and between HCPs in low-middle income (64.0%) and high-income countries (20.7%) (Qb = 31.41, p <.001). Risk markers were similar to those in the general population, but aspects of the HCP role posed additional and unique risks/vulnerabilities. Direct and indirect consequences of DVA meant HCP-survivors were less able to work to their best ability. While HCP-survivors were more likely than other HCPs to identify and respond to DVA among patients, doing so could be distressing. HCP-survivors faced unique barriers to seeking support. Being unable to access support - which is crucial for leaving or ending relationships with abusive people - leaves HCP-survivors entrapped.Conclusion: Specialised DVA interventions for HCPs are urgently needed, with adaptations for different groups and country settings. Future research should focus on developing interventions with HCP-survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi Dheensa
- Domestic Violence and Abuse Health Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth McLindon
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne. VIC, Australia
| | | | - Stephanie Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satya Shrestha
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Elizabeth Emsley
- Domestic Violence and Abuse Health Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alison Gregory
- Domestic Violence and Abuse Health Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Branicki L, Kalfa S, Pullen A, Brammer S. Corporate Responses to Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS : JBE 2023; 187:1-21. [PMID: 37359806 PMCID: PMC10258760 DOI: 10.1007/s10551-023-05461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is among society's most pernicious and impactful social issues, causing substantial harm to health and wellbeing, and impacting women's employability, work performance, and career opportunity. Organizations play a vital role in addressing IPV, yet, in contrast to other employee- and gender-related social issues, very little is known regarding corporate responses to IPV. IPV responsiveness is a specific demonstration of corporate social responsibility and is central to advancing gender equity in organizations. In this paper, we draw upon unique data on the IPV policies and practices of 191 Australian listed corporations between 2016 and 2019, that collectively employ around 1.5 M employees. Providing the first large-scale empirical analysis of corporate IPV policies and practices, we theorise that listed corporations' IPV responsiveness reflects institutional and stakeholder pressures which are multifaceted and central to corporate social responsibility. Our findings identify greater IPV responsiveness among larger corporations, as well as those corporations with higher proportions of women middle managers, greater financial resources, and more advanced employee consultation on gender issues. This paper concludes that there is a need for further research on corporate IPV responsiveness, to further illuminate corporate motivations, organizational support processes, and employee experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Branicki
- Bath School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Senia Kalfa
- Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, 4, Eastern Road, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113 Australia
| | - Alison Pullen
- Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, 4, Eastern Road, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113 Australia
| | - Stephen Brammer
- Bath School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
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Chan‐Serafin S, Sanders K, Wang L, Restubog SLD. The adoption of human resource practices to support employees affected by intimate partner violence: Women representation in leadership matters. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Chan‐Serafin
- School of Management and Governance, UNSW Business School University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Karin Sanders
- School of Management and Governance, UNSW Business School University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Lu Wang
- Research School of Management, ANU College of Business and Economics Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Simon Lloyd D. Restubog
- School of Labor and Employment Relations and Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- UQ Business School The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
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Cowlishaw S, Sbisa A, Freijah I, Kartal D, Mulligan A, Notarianni M, Iverson K, Couineau AL, Forbes D, O’Donnell M, Phelps A, Smith P, Hosseiny F. Health Service Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence among Military Personnel and Veterans: A Framework and Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3551. [PMID: 35329239 PMCID: PMC8955703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
IPV is a significant concern among active duty (AD) military personnel or veterans, and there is a need for initiatives to address violence perpetrated by such personnel, and IPV victimisation in military and veteran-specific contexts. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of major IPV intervention approaches and evidence in military and veteran-specific health services. A scoping review was conducted involving a systematic search of all available published studies describing IPV interventions in military and veteran-specific health services. Findings were synthesised narratively, and in relation to a conceptual framework that distinguishes across prevention, response, and recovery-oriented strategies. The search identified 19 studies, all from the U.S., and only three comprised randomised trials. Initiatives addressed both IPV perpetration and victimisation, with varied interventions targeting the latter, including training programs, case identification and risk assessment strategies, and psychosocial interventions. Most initiatives were classified as responses to IPV, with one example of indicated prevention. The findings highlight an important role for specific health services in addressing IPV among AD personnel and veterans, and signal intervention components that should be considered. The limited amount of empirical evidence indicates that benefits of interventions remain unclear, and highlights the need for targeted research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Cowlishaw
- Phoenix Australia–Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.S.); (I.F.); (D.K.); (A.-L.C.); (D.F.); (M.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Alyssa Sbisa
- Phoenix Australia–Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.S.); (I.F.); (D.K.); (A.-L.C.); (D.F.); (M.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Isabella Freijah
- Phoenix Australia–Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.S.); (I.F.); (D.K.); (A.-L.C.); (D.F.); (M.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Dzenana Kartal
- Phoenix Australia–Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.S.); (I.F.); (D.K.); (A.-L.C.); (D.F.); (M.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Ashlee Mulligan
- Centre of Excellence on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Mental Health Conditions, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada; (A.M.); (M.N.); (P.S.); (F.H.)
| | - MaryAnn Notarianni
- Centre of Excellence on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Mental Health Conditions, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada; (A.M.); (M.N.); (P.S.); (F.H.)
| | - Katherine Iverson
- Women’s Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Street, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Couineau
- Phoenix Australia–Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.S.); (I.F.); (D.K.); (A.-L.C.); (D.F.); (M.O.); (A.P.)
| | - David Forbes
- Phoenix Australia–Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.S.); (I.F.); (D.K.); (A.-L.C.); (D.F.); (M.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Meaghan O’Donnell
- Phoenix Australia–Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.S.); (I.F.); (D.K.); (A.-L.C.); (D.F.); (M.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Phelps
- Phoenix Australia–Centre for Post-traumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.S.); (I.F.); (D.K.); (A.-L.C.); (D.F.); (M.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Patrick Smith
- Centre of Excellence on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Mental Health Conditions, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada; (A.M.); (M.N.); (P.S.); (F.H.)
| | - Fardous Hosseiny
- Centre of Excellence on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Mental Health Conditions, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada; (A.M.); (M.N.); (P.S.); (F.H.)
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MacGregor JCD, Naeemzadah N, Oliver CL, Javan T, MacQuarrie BJ, Wathen CN. Women's Experiences of the Intersections of Work and Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of Qualitative Research. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:224-240. [PMID: 32662354 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020933861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) on work, workplaces, and employment are receiving increasing attention from researchers, employers, and policy makers, but research synthesis is needed to develop evidence-based strategies to address the problem. The purpose of this review of qualitative research is to explore abused women's experiences of the intersections of work and IPV, including the range of benefits and drawbacks of work. Multiple search strategies, including systematic database searches by a professional librarian, resulted in 2,306 unique articles that were independently screened for eligibility by two team members. Qualitative research articles were eligible for inclusion and were also required to (1) sample women with past and/or current IPV experience and (2) report results regarding women's experiences or views of the benefits and/or drawbacks of work. Ultimately, 32 qualitative research articles involving 757 women were included and analyzed using thematic synthesis. Results revealed the potential of work to offer survivors a great range of benefits and drawbacks, many of which have received little research attention. The importance of work for women survivors has been emphasized in the literature, often with respect to financial independence facilitating the leaving process. However, our research underscores how the impact of work for many women survivors is not straightforward and, for some, involves a "trade-off" of benefits and drawbacks. Those developing work-related interventions, services (e.g., career counseling), or policies for women who experience IPV should consider the range of benefits and drawbacks in their planning, as "one-size-fits-all" solutions are unlikely to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C D MacGregor
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Najibullah Naeemzadah
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Casey L Oliver
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanaz Javan
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara J MacQuarrie
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Nadine Wathen
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Naved RT, Mamun MA, Parvin K, Willan S, Gibbs A, Jewkes R. Learnings from the evaluation of HERrespect: a factory-based intervention to prevent intimate partner and workplace violence against female garment workers in Bangladesh. Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1868960. [PMID: 33475473 PMCID: PMC7833044 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1868960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and workplace violence (WPV) against women are widespread globally, and we set out to establish whether an intervention on gender-transformative programming delivered to Bangladeshi garment factory workers could reduce women's experience of IPV and WPV. We developed and tested an intervention, HERrespect and encountered considerable obstacles. Objective: To describe the challenges in program implementation and evaluation in the factories and the serious implications that arose for the study outcomes. Methods: HERrespect is a participatory intervention with mostly parallel group sessions for female and male workers and the management staff, designed to be delivered weekly in three hourly sessions, and supported by some factory-wide and limited community information campaigns. It was evaluated in a quasi-experimental study conducted in eight garment factories in and around Dhaka city, with a cohort of 800 women workers and 395 management staff who were followed for 24 months. Results: The study was conducted in the ready-made garment industry with substantial power imbalances between buyers, factory management and workers. The factories were contacted through the buyers, and some factories had agreed to participate half-heartedly. Many did not make enough time available for optimal implementation. Thus, the sessions were shortened and spread out. The factories did not make all the group members available for sessions. Whilst agreeing to participate, some management undermined the research by warning workers against disclosing information that may harm the business, resulting in the endline data being unreliable. Conclusions: Future research on IPV prevention in this sector is advised to: (1) Gain genuine management buy-in prior to starting activities; (2) implement an optimally intensive programme for the workers and management; (3) engage men from the female workers' communities. WPV prevention will require a change in the structural violence of the just-in-time regime which contributes largely to WPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahfuz Al Mamun
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, Icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kausar Parvin
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, Icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samantha Willan
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Gibbs
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rachel Jewkes
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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