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Erkoc P, Schiffmann S, Ulshöfer T, Henke M, Marner M, Krämer J, Predel R, Schäberle TF, Hurka S, Dersch L, Vilcinskas A, Fürst R, Lüddecke T. Determining the pharmacological potential and biological role of linear pseudoscorpion toxins via functional profiling. iScience 2024; 27:110209. [PMID: 39021791 PMCID: PMC11253529 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthropod venoms contain bioactive molecules attractive for biomedical applications. However, few of these have been isolated, and only a tiny number has been characterized. Pseudoscorpions are small arachnids whose venom has been largely overlooked. Here, we present the first structural and functional assessment of the checacin toxin family, discovered in the venom of the house pseudoscorpion (Chelifer cancroides). We combined in silico and in vitro analyses to establish their bioactivity profile against microbes and various cell lines. This revealed inhibitory effects against bacteria and fungi. We observed cytotoxicity against specific cell types and effects involving second messengers. Our work provides insight into the biomedical potential and evolution of pseudoscorpion venoms. We propose that plesiotypic checacins evolved to defend the venom gland against infection, whereas apotypic descendants evolved additional functions. Our work highlights the importance of considering small and neglected species in biodiscovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Erkoc
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulshöfer
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marina Henke
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Marner
- Branch of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME-BR), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonas Krämer
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Predel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Branch of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME-BR), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hurka
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Branch of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME-BR), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ludwig Dersch
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Branch of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME-BR), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Branch of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME-BR), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Lüddecke
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Branch of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME-BR), 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Challenges and Opportunities in Clinical Diagnostic Routine of Envenomation Using Blood Plasma Proteomics. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030180. [PMID: 36977071 PMCID: PMC10056359 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific and sensitive tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of accidents by venomous animals are urgently needed. Several diagnostic and monitoring assays have been developed; however, they have not yet reached the clinic. This has resulted in late diagnoses, which represents one of the main causes of progression from mild to severe disease. Human blood is a protein-rich biological fluid that is routinely collected in hospital settings for diagnostic purposes, which can translate research progress from the laboratory to the clinic. Although it is a limited view, blood plasma proteins provide information about the clinical picture of envenomation. Proteome disturbances in response to envenomation by venomous animals have been identified, allowing mass spectrometry (MS)-based plasma proteomics to emerge as a tool in a range of clinical diagnostics and disease management that can be applied to cases of venomous animal envenomation. Here, we provide a review of the state of the art on routine laboratory diagnoses of envenomation by snakes, scorpions, bees, and spiders, as well as a review of the diagnostic methods and the challenges encountered. We present the state of the art on clinical proteomics as the standardization of procedures to be performed within and between research laboratories, favoring a more excellent peptide coverage of candidate proteins for biomarkers. Therefore, the selection of a sample type and method of preparation should be very specific and based on the discovery of biomarkers in specific approaches. However, the sample collection protocol (e.g., collection tube type) and the processing procedure of the sample (e.g., clotting temperature, time allowed for clotting, and anticoagulant used) are equally important to eliminate any bias.
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Dugon MM, Lawton C, Sturgess D, Dunbar JP. Predation on a pygmy shrew,
Sorex minutus
, by the noble false widow spider,
Steatoda nobilis. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michel M. Dugon
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Colin Lawton
- Animal Ecology and Conservation Group School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Dawn Sturgess
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway Galway Ireland
| | - John P. Dunbar
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway Galway Ireland
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Orimi JR, Amrollahi-Sharifabadi M, Aghabeiglooei Z, Nasiri E, Mozaffarpur SA. Rhazes's methodology in the science of toxicology. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:93-102. [PMID: 36169679 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxicology has been one of the most important topics throughout the history of medicine. Persian medicine (PM) textbooks such as Al-Hawi fi Al-Tib of Rhazes (Razi) can be a useful source for novel information about toxicology and thus we aimed to elucidate Rhazes's methodology in toxicology based on this textbook. METHODS This research is a historical descriptive study. Data were obtained from the book Al-Hawi fi Al-Tib using keywords of poison, poisoning, and relevant terminologies in ArabicAQ1, Persian, and English and also from appropriate literature in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and IranDoc. RESULTS After introducing the types of common poisons in his era, Rhazes categorized them into three main categories of plants, animals, and minerals, which cause human poisoning orally or via stings and bites. To identify the poison and make a diagnosis of the corresponding toxidrome, he conducted a thorough physical examination of the patient, carefully observing signs and symptoms, and then treated the poisoning using pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical modalities. In the book Al-Hawi fi Al-Tib, Rhazes has provided comprehensive information about the types of poisons, their effects on the human body, the signs and symptoms of poisonings, and relevant diagnostic and therapeutic methods. DISCUSSION Rhazes had a great contributing role to the science of toxicology. We suggest future research on an in-depth analysis of other PM references for toxicology knowledge and how they may foster the science of toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Rezaei Orimi
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Aghabeiglooei
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Nasiri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room, Traditional And Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health, Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Worldwide Web: High Venom Potency and Ability to Optimize Venom Usage Make the Globally Invasive Noble False Widow Spider Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875) (Theridiidae) Highly Competitive against Native European Spiders Sharing the Same Habitats. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090587. [PMID: 36136525 PMCID: PMC9500793 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Venom compositions include complex mixtures of toxic proteins that evolved to immobilize/dissuade organisms by disrupting biological functions. Venom production is metabolically expensive, and parsimonious use is expected, as suggested by the venom optimisation hypothesis. The decision-making capacity to regulate venom usage has never been demonstrated for the globally invasive Noble false widow Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875) (Theridiidae). Here, we investigated variations of venom quantities available in a wild population of S. nobilis and prey choice depending on venom availability. To partially determine their competitiveness, we compared their attack rate success, median effective dose (ED50) and lethal dose (LD50), with four sympatric synanthropic species: the lace webbed spider Amaurobius similis, the giant house spider Eratigena atrica, the missing sector orb-weaver Zygiella x-notata, and the cellar spider Pholcus phalangioides. We show that S. nobilis regulates its venom usage based on availability, and its venom is up to 230-fold (0.56 mg/kg) more potent than native spiders. The high potency of S. nobilis venom and its ability to optimize its usage make this species highly competitive against native European spiders sharing the same habitats.
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Esmaeilishirazifard E, Usher L, Trim C, Denise H, Sangal V, Tyson GH, Barlow A, Redway KF, Taylor JD, Kremyda-Vlachou M, Davies S, Loftus TD, Lock MMG, Wright K, Dalby A, Snyder LAS, Wuster W, Trim S, Moschos SA. Bacterial Adaptation to Venom in Snakes and Arachnida. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0240821. [PMID: 35604233 PMCID: PMC9248900 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02408-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are considered sterile sources of antimicrobial compounds with strong membrane-disrupting activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, venomous bite wound infections are common in developing nations. Investigating the envenomation organ and venom microbiota of five snake and two spider species, we observed venom community structures that depend on the host venomous animal species and evidenced recovery of viable microorganisms from black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) and Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) venoms. Among the bacterial isolates recovered from N. nigricollis, we identified two venom-resistant, novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis whose genomes feature 16 virulence genes, indicating infectious potential, and 45 additional genes, nearly half of which improve bacterial membrane integrity. Our findings challenge the dogma of venom sterility and indicate an increased primary infection risk in the clinical management of venomous animal bite wounds. IMPORTANCE Notwithstanding their 3 to 5% mortality, the 2.7 million envenomation-related injuries occurring annually-predominantly across Africa, Asia, and Latin America-are also major causes of morbidity. Venom toxin-damaged tissue will develop infections in some 75% of envenomation victims, with E. faecalis being a common culprit of disease; however, such infections are generally considered to be independent of envenomation. Here, we provide evidence on venom microbiota across snakes and arachnida and report on the convergent evolution mechanisms that can facilitate adaptation to black-necked cobra venom in two independent E. faecalis strains, easily misidentified by biochemical diagnostics. Therefore, since inoculation with viable and virulence gene-harboring bacteria can occur during envenomation, acute infection risk management following envenomation is warranted, particularly for immunocompromised and malnourished victims in resource-limited settings. These results shed light on how bacteria evolve for survival in one of the most extreme environments on Earth and how venomous bites must be also treated for infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Esmaeilishirazifard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Westminster Genomic Services, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Usher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Westminster Genomic Services, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Trim
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Social Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Hubert Denise
- EMBL-EBI European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vartul Sangal
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory H. Tyson
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Axel Barlow
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Keith F. Redway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Westminster Genomic Services, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Myrto Kremyda-Vlachou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Davies
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kstir Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Dalby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lori A. S. Snyder
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Wuster
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution at Bangor, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Trim
- Venomtech, Ltd., Sandwich, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Sterghios A. Moschos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Westminster Genomic Services, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
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Dunbar JP, Vitkauskaite A, Lawton C, Waddams B, Dugon MM. Webslinger vs. Dark Knight First record of a false widow spider
Steatoda nobilis
preying on a pipistrelle bat in Britain. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John P. Dunbar
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Aiste Vitkauskaite
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Colin Lawton
- Animal Ecology and Conservation Group, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Ben Waddams
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
- Ben Waddams Wildlife Art Shropshire UK
| | - Michel M. Dugon
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
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Vossbrinck CR, Krinsky WL. Envenomation by Steatoda borealis (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Connecticut, USA. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2538-2539. [PMID: 34430975 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of envenomation by Steatoda borealis (Hentz, 1850) in Connecticut in late spring 2021. The bitten subject was a 60-yr-old female Caucasian. The bite occurred upon disturbing some books in her basement. She reported a painful stinging bite on her finger followed by the formation of an erythematous macule at the site of the bite which was gone the next day. There was no sign of necrosis. The spider was recovered directly at that time. The victim reported that later that night she experienced heart palpitations. This is the first report of envenomation by S. borealis, a common spider in Connecticut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Vossbrinck
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William L Krinsky
- Division of Entomology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Paolino G, Di Pompeo P, Di Nicola MR. Is there actual clinical evidence of necrosis following the Steatoda nobilis bite? Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 60:275-276. [PMID: 34477467 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1946557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Dunbar JP, Vitkauskaite A, O'Keeffe DT, Fort A, Sulpice R, Dugon MM. Clinical evidence of necrosis following bites by the Noble false widow spider Steatoda nobilis - a response to Paolino & colleagues. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 60:276-277. [PMID: 34282717 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1955130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P Dunbar
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aiste Vitkauskaite
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek T O'Keeffe
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Antoine Fort
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute & MaREI Centre for Marine, Climate and Energy, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute & MaREI Centre for Marine, Climate and Energy, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michel M Dugon
- Venom Systems & Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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11
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Fort A, McHale M, Cascella K, Potin P, Perrineau MM, Kerrison PD, da Costa E, Calado R, Domingues MDR, Costa Azevedo I, Sousa-Pinto I, Gachon C, van der Werf A, de Visser W, Beniers JE, Jansen H, Guiry MD, Sulpice R. Exhaustive reanalysis of barcode sequences from public repositories highlights ongoing misidentifications and impacts taxa diversity and distribution. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:86-101. [PMID: 34153167 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accurate species identification often relies on public repositories to compare the barcode sequences of the investigated individual(s) with taxonomically assigned sequences. However, the accuracy of identifications in public repositories is often questionable, and the names originally given are rarely updated. For instance, species of the Sea Lettuce (Ulva spp.; Ulvophyceae, Ulvales, Ulvaceae) are frequently misidentified in public repositories, including herbaria and gene banks, making species identification based on traditional barcoding unreliable. We DNA barcoded 295 individual distromatic foliose strains of Ulva from the North-East Atlantic for three loci (rbcL, tufA, ITS1). Seven distinct species were found, and we compared our results with all worldwide Ulva spp. sequences present in the NCBI database for the three barcodes rbcL, tufA and the ITS1. Our results demonstrate a large degree of species misidentification, where we estimate that 24%-32% of the entries pertaining to foliose species are misannotated and provide an exhaustive list of NCBI sequences reannotations. An analysis of the global distribution of registered samples from foliose species also indicates possible geographical isolation for some species, and the absence of U. lactuca from Northern Europe. We extended our analytical framework to three other genera, Fucus, Porphyra and Pyropia and also identified erroneously labelled accessions and possibly new synonymies, albeit less than for Ulva spp. Altogether, exhaustive taxonomic clarification by aggregation of a library of barcode sequences highlights misannotations and delivers an improved representation of species diversity and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fort
- National University of Ireland - Galway, Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Ryan Institute & MaREI Centre for Marine, Climate and Energy, School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marcus McHale
- National University of Ireland - Galway, Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Ryan Institute & MaREI Centre for Marine, Climate and Energy, School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kevin Cascella
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université Sciences, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université Sciences, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Philip D Kerrison
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, UK
| | - Elisabete da Costa
- CESAM & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE & CESAM, Departamento de Biologia & Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário Domingues
- CESAM & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Costa Azevedo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sousa-Pinto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Claire Gachon
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, UK.,UMR 7245 - Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Henrice Jansen
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael D Guiry
- AlgaeBase, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- National University of Ireland - Galway, Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Ryan Institute & MaREI Centre for Marine, Climate and Energy, School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
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