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Slaughter RJ, Watts M, Vale JA, Grieve JR, Schep LJ. The clinical toxicology of sodium hypochlorite. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019; 57:303-311. [PMID: 30689457 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1543889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Watts
- National Poisons Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Emergency Department, Southland Hospital, Invercargill, New Zealand
| | - J. Allister Vale
- West Midlands Poisons Unit, City Hospital, and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Leo J. Schep
- National Poisons Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Kawalilak LT, Fransson BA, Alessio TL. Management of a facial partial thickness chemical burn in a dog caused by bleach. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:224-231. [PMID: 28117943 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the management and successful outcome of a late-recognition partial thickness bleach burn to the face and corneas of a dog. CASE SUMMARY A 1-year-old male neutered Fox Terrier mix breed dog was evaluated for sloughing facial epithelium 5 days after coming into contact with an 8.25% household bleach cleaning solution. Severe erythema, edema, and crusting were noted around the muzzle and margins of both eyes, with moderate to severe alopecia in these areas. A partially detached, partial thickness eschar was present on the muzzle, while a firmly attached eschar was present in the region of both frontal sinuses. These injuries were consistent with a focal, superficial, and partial thickness chemical burn. Multiple ocular abnormalities, the most concerning of which was corneal ulceration, were also present. The patient's wounds were managed conservatively with limited surgical debridement of the affected epithelium 11 and 22 days after the initial exposure. Topical ocular medications, corneal debridement, and a superficial keratectomy were also used. All lesions resolved completely by 84 days postexposure, with no residual effects on the patient's quality of life. NEW INFORMATION Chemical burns caused by contact with alkaline agents such as bleach (sodium hypochlorite) result in extensive necrosis of the skin and underlying structures. This is the first report of management alkaline facial burns in a dog. If inadequate or delayed hydrotherapy following exposure has resulted in superficial partial thickness burns, conservative management can be successful when traditional treatments, especially bandaging, are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas T Kawalilak
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6610
| | - Boel A Fransson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6610
| | - Terri L Alessio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6610
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Luo G, Tan J, Peng Y, Wu J, Huang Y, Peng D, Wang X, Hu D, Xie S, Zhang G, Han C, Huang X, Jia C, Chai J, Huan J, Guo G, Zhan J, Xie W, Cen Y, Yu R, Chen H, Niu X, Wang Y, Fu J, Xue B. Guideline for diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infection post burn injury in China 2013. BURNS & TRAUMA 2014; 2:45-52. [PMID: 27602362 PMCID: PMC5012031 DOI: 10.4103/2321-3868.130182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infection is one of the major complication of severe burns which can induce local or systemic inflammatory response and cause serious substantial damage to the patient. The incidence of fungal infection for burn victims is increasing dramatically during recent years. This guideline, organized by Chinese Society of Burn Surgeons, aims to standardize the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of burn invasive fungal infection. It can be used as one of the tools for treatment of major burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jianglin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yizhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Daizhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Songtao Xie
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Forth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ciyu Jia
- Graduate School, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiake Chai
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingning Huan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weiguo Xie
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huade Chen
- Department of Burns, General Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xihua Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henan Province Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Aesthetic Plastic and Burn Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinfeng Fu
- Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunmin Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Baosheng Xue
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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