Computational Drug Discovery in Diaphragm dysfunction via Text Mining and Biomedical Database

The diaphragm, which is crucial for ventilation, is the primary muscle responsible for inspiration. Patients with severe burns who experience diaphragmatic dysfunction have an increased risk of mortality. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective medications available to prevent or treat this condition. The objective of our study is to utilize bioinformatics to identify potential genes and drugs associated with diaphragmatic dysfunction. In this study, text mining techniques were utilized to identify genes associated with diaphragmatic dysfunction and recovery. Common genes were then analyzed using GO and KEGG pathway analysis, as well as protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The obtained hub genes were processed using Cytoscape software, and their expression levels in diaphragmatic dysfunction were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in severe burn rats. Genes that were confirmed were then examined in drug-gene interaction databases to identify potential drugs associated with these genes. Our analysis revealed 96 genes that were common to both the "Diaphragm dysfunction" and "Functional Recovery" text mining concepts. Gene enrichment analysis identified 19 genes representing ten pathways. qRT-PCR showed a significant increase in expression levels of 13 genes, including CCL2, CCL3, CD4, EGF, HGF, IFNG, IGF1, IL17A, IL6, LEP, PTGS2, TGFB1, and TNF, in samples with diaphragmatic dysfunction. Additionally, we found that a total of 56 drugs targeted 5 potential genes. These findings provide new insights into the development of more effective drugs for treating diaphragmatic dysfunction, and also present substantial opportunities for researching new target pharmacology and promoting drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.

Respiratory Muscle Contraction Characteristics and Potential Mechanisms in Severely Burned Rats

Post-burn hypermetabolism remains an important clinical problem. During this phase, there is a significant loss of diaphragmatic proteins. Better understanding of respiratory muscle dynamics and potential mechanisms affecting respiratory muscle function is necessary for the development of effective therapeutic approaches. Male wistar rats were subjected to 50% total body surface area (TBSA) burns and sham injuries, and respiratory muscle function was assessed with 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14 d post-injury, including Pulmonary function, blood gas analysis, transdiaphragmatic pressure, diaphragm ultrasonography, isolated diaphragm contractility, and fatigue index. protein oxidative stress content, and ATP levels. Burned Rats had significantly reduced inspiratory time, expiratory time and tidal volume, and significantly increased respiratory rate and minute ventilation. At the same time, the isolated diaphragm contractility, specific force during fatigue, and fatigue index were significantly decreased in the burned rats. Pdi, Pdimax, diaphragm thickness, diaphragm thickening fraction, and diaphragm excursion also decreased significantly post-burn, whereas the Pdi/Pdimax ratio increased significantly. Finally, the content of protein carbonyls and lactic acid of burned rats were increased, and ATP levels of burned rats was decreased. The present study demonstrates the dynamic changes in diaphragm contractile properties post-burn from both in vivo and in vitro perspectives, while cursorily exploring the possibility that protein oxidative stress and reduced ATP production may be the cause of diaphragm dysfunction. This understanding contributes to the development of methods to mitigate the extent of diaphragmatic function loss after severe burns.

[New research direction of organ dysfunction caused by hemorrhagic shock: mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control]

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is one of the leading causes of death among young adults worldwide. Multiple organ dysfunction in HS is caused by an imbalance between tissue oxygen supply and demand, which is closely related to the poor prognosis of patient. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms contributing to multiple organ dysfunction in HS, while mitochondrial quality control regulates mitochondrial function through a series of processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial-derived vesicles, and mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Modulating mitochondrial quality control can improve organ dysfunction. This review aims to summarize the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on organ function in HS and discuss the potential mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control, providing insights into the injury mechanisms underlying HS and guiding clinical management.

[Clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of ELOC mutated renal cell carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, molecular genetic features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of ELOC mutated renal cell carcinoma. Methods: From January 2015 to June 2022, 11 cases of renal cell carcinoma with clear-cell morphology, expression of CAⅨ and CK7 and no 3p deletion were collected. Two cases of ELOC mutant renal cell carcinoma were diagnosed using whole exome sequencing (WES). The clinical features, morphology, immunophenotype, FISH and WES results were analyzed. The relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The two patients were both male, aged 29 and 51 years, respectively. They were both found to have a renal mass by physical examination. The maximum diameters of the tumors were 3.5 cm and 2.0 cm, respectively. At the low magnification, the tumors were well-defined. The tumor cells showed a pushing border and were separated by thick fibrous bands, forming nodules. The tumor cells were arranged in a variety of patterns, including tubular, papillary, solid nest or alveolar. At high magnification, the tumor cells were large, with well-defined cell borders and clear cytoplasm or fine eosinophilic granules. CAⅨ was diffusely box-like positive in both cases. Case 1 was partially and moderately positive for CK7, strongly positive for CD10, diffusely and moderately positive for P504S, and weakly positive for 34βE12. In case 2, CK7 and CD10 were both partially, moderately positive and P504s were diffusely positive, but 34βE12 was negative. FISH results showed that both cases had no 3p deletion. ELOC c.235T>A (p.Y79N) mutation was identified using WES in case 1, while ELOC c.236_237inv (p.Y79C) mutation was identified in case 2. Conclusions: As a new clinical entity, ELOC mutated renal cell carcinoma may be underdiagnosed due to its overlap with clear cell renal cell carcinoma in morphology and immunophenotype. The diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma with ELOC mutation should be confirmed by morphology, immunohistochemistry, FISH and gene mutation detection. However, more additional cases are needed to explain its biological behavior and prognosis.

Basic and clinical study of the effect of exogenous hyaluronic acid on the quality of acellular dermal matrix combined with thin intermediate split thickness skin graft

BACKGROUND

To promote wound recovery in the recipient region, we studied the impact of exogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) on acellular dermal matrix (ADM) paired with thin intermediate-thickness skin transplant.

METHODS

This study contains animal and clinical experiments. 50 Japanese big ear rabbits were separated into HA1, HA2, PADM, TS, and NS groups. Clinical part included 50 scar patients dividing into 5 groups (TS + HA + ADM 1, TS + ADM2, TS, TS + ADM and normal skin (NS)).

RESULTS

In the animal trial, after 56 days, the grafts contracted least in the HA2 group; HA2 had the highest microvascular density (MVD), HA concentration, and collagen I and III expression. In clinical work, ADM > HA + ADM2 > HA + ADM1 > TS > NS; Type I and III collagen: HA + ADM1 and HA + ADM2 were higher than ADM; HA content: TS > HA + ADM1 > HA + ADM 2 > ADM.

CONCLUSIONS

ADM, exogenous hyaluronic acid mixed with thin skin autograft has better biomechanical qualities and therapeutic impact than acellular dermal matrix alone, and the reconstructive result is near to self-thick skin autograft in all indexes.

Prevalence, drivers and surveillance of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use in rural China: Interdisciplinary study

This study aimed to characterise antibiotic prescribing and dispensing patterns in rural health facilities in China and determine the community prevalence of antibiotic resistance. We investigated patterns and drivers of antibiotic use for common respiratory and urinary tract infections (RTI/UTI) in community settings, examined relationships between presenting symptoms, clinical diagnosis and microbiological results in rural outpatient clinics, and assessed potential for using patient records to monitor antibiotic use. This interdisciplinary mixed methods study included: (i) Observations and exit interviews in eight village clinics and township health centres and 15 retail pharmacies; (ii) Urine, throat swab and sputum samples from patients to identify potential pathogens and test susceptibility; (iii) 103 semi-structured interviews with doctors, patients, pharmacy workers and antibiotic-purchasing customers; (iv) Assessment of completeness and accuracy of electronic patient records through comparison with observational data. 87.9% of 1123 recruited clinic patients were prescribed antibiotics (of which 35.5% contained antibiotic combinations and >40% were for intravenous administration), most of whom had RTIs. Antibiotic prescribing for RTIs was not associated with presence of bacterial pathogens but was correlated with longer duration of infection (OR = 3.33) and presence of sore throat (OR = 1.64). Fever strongly predicted prescription of intravenous antibiotics (OR = 2.87). Resistance rates in bacterial pathogens isolated were low compared with national data. 25.8% of patients reported antibiotics use prior to their clinic visit, but only 56.2% of clinic patients and 53% of pharmacy customers could confirm their prescription or purchase included antibiotics. Diagnostic uncertainty, financial incentives, understanding of antibiotics as anti-inflammatory and limited doctor-patient communication were identified as key drivers of antibiotic use. Completion and accuracy of electronic patient records were highly variable. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in this rural population is relatively low despite high levels of antibiotic prescribing and self-medication. More systematic use of e-records and in-service training could improve antibiotic surveillance and stewardship in rural facilities. Combining qualitative and observational anthropological methods and concepts with microbiological and epidemiological investigation of antibiotic resistance at both research design and analytic synthesis stages substantially increases the validity of research findings and their utility in informing future intervention development.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 471 elderly burn patients in China: A burn center-based study

OBJECTIVE

Burns are characterized by difficult treatment, poor prognosis, and high mortality especially in elderly patients. The aim of this paper is to study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of elderly burn patients admitted to a major burn center from 2016 to 2020.

METHODS

The data of 471 elderly burn patients admitted to our burn center from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical variables of different age groups were statistically analyzed, and variables related to length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs were analyzed through linear regression models.

RESULTS

The mean age of included patients was 69.03 years. Scald injuries accounted for 42.7% of all burns with the extremities being the most commonly affected anatomic site (46.5%). Approximately 67.5% and 5.9% of all patients suffered from full-thickness burns and inhalation injuries, respectively. These patients required more surgical procedures, longer operation durations, and higher costs compared with other burn patients. The mean LOS was 17 days with a mortality rate of 2.1%.

CONCLUSION

There were statistically significant differences in the etiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of burn patients in different age groups. Individualized targeted prevention and treatment strategies should be performed according to the clinical characteristics and relevant risk factors of each patient.

miR-181c, a potential mediator for acute kidney injury in a burn rat model with following sepsis

BACKGROUND

The miRNA profile is changed after burn or sepsis and is involved in regulating inflammatory reactions. However, the function and molecular mechanism of miRNAs in regulating burn sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) are still unclear.

METHODS

In this study, animal and cell sepsis models were established after burned rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or NRK-52E cells treated with LPS, respectively. Cytokine expression, inflammatory cell infiltration, serum creatinine (Scr) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels were analysed after the indicated treatments.

RESULTS

Burn sepsis increased the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) and chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-2 and MCP-1). Moreover, burn sepsis promoted macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into the kidney and upregulated the levels of Scr and KIM-1 in the kidney and urine. Ectopic expression of miR-181c significantly reduced LPS-induced TLR4 protein expression, suppressed KIM-1 mRNA levels and subsequently inhibited the activation of inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-1β) and chemokine genes (MIP-1α, MIP-2 and MCP-1).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results demonstrated that miR-181c could suppress TLR4 expression, reduce inflammatory factor and chemokine secretion, mitigate inflammatory cell infiltration into the kidney and downregulate KIM-1 expression, which might ultimately attenuate burn sepsis-induced AKI.

Establishment of a Bama miniature pig burn model with different burn depths

Background

The skin morphological characteristics of the Bama miniature pig are very similar to those of humans; thus, the Bama miniature pig is an ideal choice for establishing a skin burn model.

Methods

In this study, 6 ordinary, male, Bama miniature pigs (weight: 23–28 kg and length: 71–75 cm) were used to establish burn models. A mixture of 1 mg of Ketamine and Sumianxin II was used for Bama miniature pigs anesthetizing, and 1 mg of Pentobarbital sodium was added as necessary. The different burn depths were made using a continuous pressure of 1 kg and contact times of 0 s, 10 s, 15 s, 20 s, 25 s, 30 s, 35 s, 40 s, and 45 s by the newly invented electronic burn instrument. The burned tissues were collected and examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining.

Results

Burning for 10–15 s caused a first-degree burn; the blood vessels in the superficial dermis were dilated and congested, and necrosis occurred above the basal layer of the epidermis. Burning for 20–25 s caused a superficial partial-thickness burn; the whole epidermal layer was necrotic, and the collagen fibers were slightly deformed. Burning for 30–35 s caused a deep partial-thickness burn; the whole epidermal layer and dermal layers were necrotic with leukocyte infiltration zones, and the collagen fibers were disordered, degenerated, and necrotized. Burning for 40–45 s caused a third-degree burn; the skin layers and adipose tissues were necrotic, and the thick blood vessels in the skin adipose tissues were full of disintegrated and agglutinated red blood cells.

Conclusions

Stable burn depth models of Bama miniature pigs were constructed using a new and innovative electronic burn instrument. Our findings provide a basis for further research on the burn mechanism and evaluations of therapeutic drugs.

Effect of precise partial scab removal on the repair of deep partial-thickness burn wounds in children: a retrospective study

BACKGROUND

The choice of treatment methods for children with deep partial-thickness burn wounds (DPBWs) is an issue that requires careful consideration from surgeons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of precise partial scab removal (PPSR) in the treatment of DPBWs in children.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 78 children with DPBWs. The children were divided into a PPSR group (n=37) and a routine dressing change (RDC) group (n=41). In the PPSR group, an electric dermatome was used to cut the scab in the early post-injury period. The thickness scale of the electric dermatome was set to 0.1 mm. The scab was removed to the base with scattered bleeding points. There was still a small amount of necrotic tissue in the base of the wound. For the acellular dermal matrix, the first dressing change was about 1 week after surgery. The RDC group was given conventional wound-dressing treatment. The wound dressing was changed with epidermal growth factor, silver-zinc antibacterial cream, and dressing change. The frequency of dressing change was adjusted once a day or once every other day depending on the condition of wound secretions. The hospitalization time, wound-healing time, fever duration, antibiotic use time, number of subsequent operations, and overall hospitalization expenses were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

The wound-healing time of the PPSR group was 19.86±6.4 days, and the wound-healing time of the RDC group was 24.15±7.12 days (P=0.0068). The duration of fever in the PPSR group and RDC group was 2.62±1.99 and 4.44±3.10 days, respectively (P=0.0032). The antibiotic use time in the PPSR group and RDC group was 4.0±1.33 and 4.83±1.88 days, respectively (P=0.0292). The overall hospitalization cost of the PPSR group and RDC group was yuan renminbi ¥37,852.84±10,894.64 and ¥38,047.46±19,450.37, respectively (P=0.9573).

CONCLUSIONS

PPSR can shorten wound-healing time, reduce the frequency of dressing changes, shorten the time of fever in children, lower the frequency of antibiotic use, and decrease number of dressing changes on the wound.

Usage of negative pressure wound therapy in pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia secondary to burn injury: a case series

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) is a reactive epithelial proliferation secondary to a wide range of stimuli, including traumatic injury, inflammation, infection, and tumors of the skins. PEH secondary to burn injury is rarely reported. We report 3 cases of PEH patients after burn injury. All three cases were confirmed with the existence of bacterial infection, and all these cases were second or third degree burns. All 3 patients were treated with negative pressure wound therapy after wound debridement or tangential excision. All the wounds healed without split-thickness skin grafting and recurrence.

[A multi-center retrospective study of perioperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer based on real-world data]

Objective: To explore the effect of perioperative chemotherapy on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients under real-world condition. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Real world data of gastric cancer patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy and surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy in 33 domestic hospitals from January 1, 2014 to January 31, 2016 were collected. Inclusion criteria: (1) gastric adenocarcinoma was confirmed by histopathology, and clinical stage was cT2-4aN0-3M0 (AJCC 8th edition); (2) D2 radical gastric cancer surgery was performed; (3) at least one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was completed; (4) at least 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) [SOX (S-1+oxaliplatin) or CapeOX (capecitabine + oxaliplatin)] were completed. Exclusion criteria: (1) complicated with other malignant tumors; (2) radiotherapy received; (3) patients with incomplete data. The enrolled patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the perioperative chemotherapy group, and those who received only postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to control selection bias. The primary outcome were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after PSM. OS was defined as the time from the first neoadjuvant chemotherapy (operation + adjuvant chemotherapy group: from the date of operation) to the last effective follow-up or death. PFS was defined as the time from the first neoadjuvant chemotherapy (operation + adjuvant chemotherapy group: from the date of operation) to the first imaging diagnosis of tumor progression or death. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival rate, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the independent effect of perioperative chemo therapy on OS and PFS. Results: 2 045 cases were included, including 1 293 cases in the surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy group and 752 cases in the perioperative chemotherapy group. After PSM, 492 pairs were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, tumor stage before treatment, and tumor location between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group, patients in the perioperative chemotherapy group had higher proportion of total gastrectomy (χ(2)=40.526, P<0.001), smaller maximum tumor diameter (t=3.969, P<0.001), less number of metastatic lymph nodes (t=1.343, P<0.001), lower ratio of vessel invasion (χ(2)=11.897, P=0.001) and nerve invasion (χ(2)=12.338, P<0.001). In the perioperative chemotherapy group and surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group, 24 cases (4.9%) and 17 cases (3.4%) developed postoperative complications, respectively, and no significant difference was found between two groups (χ(2)=0.815, P=0.367). The median OS of the perioperative chemotherapy group was longer than that of the surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy group (65 months vs. 45 months, HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.89, P=0.001); the median PFS of the perioperative chemotherapy group was also longer than that of the surgery+adjuvant chemotherapy group (56 months vs. 36 months, HR=0.72, 95% CI:0.61-0.85, P<0.001). The forest plot results of subgroup analysis showed that both men and women could benefit from perioperative chemotherapy (all P<0.05); patients over 45 years of age (P<0.05) and with normal body mass (P<0.01) could benefit significantly; patients with cTNM stage II and III presented a trend of benefit or could benefit significantly (P<0.05); patients with signet ring cell carcinoma benefited little (P>0.05); tumors in the gastric body and gastric antrum benefited more significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: Perioperative chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

A narrative review of changes in microvascular permeability after burn

Objective

We aimed to review and discuss some of the latest research results related to post-burn pathophysiological changes and provide some clues for future study.

Background

Burns are one of the most common and serious traumas and consist of a series of pathophysiological changes of thermal injury. Accompanied by thermal damage to skin and soft tissues, inflammatory mediators are released in large quantities. Changes in histamine, bradykinin, and cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metabolic factors such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and activated neutrophils all affect the body’s vascular permeability.

Methods

We searched articles with subject words “microvascular permeability”, “burn” “endothelium”, and “endothelial barrier” in PubMed in English published from the beginning of database to Dec, 2020.

Conclusions

The essence of burn shock is the rapid and extensive fluid transfer in burn and non-burn tissue. After severe burns, the local and systemic vascular permeability increase, causing intravascular fluid extravasation, leading to a progressive decrease in effective circulation volume, an increase in systemic vascular resistance, a decrease in cardiac output, peripheral tissue edema, multiple organ failure, and even death. There are many cells, tissues, mediators and structures involved in the pathophysiological process of the damage to vascular permeability. Ulinastatin is a promising agent for this problem.

Preparation and evaluation of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol/polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride antibacterial dressing to accelerate wound healing for infectious skin repair

Background

Wound infections, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, are a major challenge in clinical medicine.

Methods

In this study, a new type of antibacterial sponge was prepared from a solution containing a chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (CTS-PVA) emulsion with added polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) in a homogeneous medium using lyophilization technology. The antibacterial ability of and CTS-PVA/PHMG sponge against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro. The structure and physical properties were characterized. The sponge dressing was tested in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected full-thickness mouse skin wound defect model. The effects were evaluated by wound area measurement and histological analysis.

Results

The CTS-PVA/PHMG sponge showed broad-spectrum antibacterial ability, including for MDR bacterial stains from clinical sources, while maintaining excellent physicochemical properties, including a high swelling degree and good moisture retention capability. Scanning electron microscopy images displayed the surface morphology of the CTS-PVA/PHMG sponge dressing. The detection of the wound healing rate and histological analysis supported that the new dressing can alleviate the inflammation and accelerate the healing speed of infected wounds and in vivo.

Conclusions

CTS-PVA/PHMG sponge shows broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which can provide a new pathway for clinical prevention and treatment of superbug-infected wounds.

[Expression and effect of microRNA-205 in hypertrophic scar]

Objective: To investigate the expression and effect of microRNA-205 (miR-205) in hypertrophic scar. Methods: The experimental research method were applied. From October 2019 to January 2020, hypertrophic scar tissue from 6 patients with hypertrophic scar [1 male and 5 females, aged (36±7) years], and remaining normal skin tissue from 6 trauma patients [2 males and 4 females, aged (38±9) years] after flap transplantation operation were collected. The above-mentioned 12 patients were admitted to the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command and met the inclusion criteria. Real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expressions of miR-205 and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). The hypertrophic scar tissue was taken to culture the 3rd to 5th passage of fibroblasts (Fbs) for the follow-up experiments. Fbs of hypertrophic scar was divided into TSP-1+miR-205 control group, TSP-1+miR-205 mimic group, TSP-1 mutant+miR-205 control group, TSP-1 mutant +miR-205 mimic group, which were transfected with the corresponding sequences. At 48 h after transfection, the expressions of luciferase and renal luciferase were detected by luciferase reporter gene detection kit, and the luciferase/renal luciferase ratio was calculated to indicate the activity of TSP-1. Two batches of hypertrophic scar Fbs were collected and divided into miR-205 control group, miR-205 mimic group, and miR-205 inhibitor group and miR-205 control group, miR-205 mimic group, and miR-205 mimic+TSP-1 group, respectively, which were transfected with the corresponding sequences. At 0 (immediately), 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after transfection, the cell viability was detected by microplate reader. Two batches of hypertrophic scar Fbs were collected, grouped, and treated as the cell viability detecting experiment. At 24 h after transfection, Hoechst 33258 staining was performed to observe the nuclear shrinkage, so as to reflect the apoptosis of Fbs. The number of samples in cell experiment was 3. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for factorial design, one-way analysis of variance, and t test. Results: The mRNA expression of miR-205 in hypertrophic scar tissue was 0.54±0.05, which was significantly lower than 1.26±0.07 in normal skin tissue (t=8.213, P<0.01). The expression of TSP-1 mRNA in hypertrophic scar tissue was 1.46±0.07, which was significantly higher than 0.68±0.11 in normal skin tissue (t=6.031, P<0.01). At 48 h after transfection, the luciferase/renal luciferase ratio reflecting the TSP-1 activity of cells in TSP-1+miR-205 mimic group was 0.532±0.028, which was significantly lower than 0.998±0.012 in TSP-1+miR-205 control group (t=26.500, P<0.01), and the luciferase/renal luciferase ratio of cells in TSP-1 mutant+miR-205 mimic group was 0.963±0.012, which was close to 0.976±0.010 in TSP-1 mutant+miR-205 control group (t=0.816, P>0.05). At 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after transfection, the cell viability in miR-205 mimic group was significantly lower than that in miR-205 control group (t=6.169, 12.670, 27.130, 12.670, P<0.05 or P<0.01). At 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after transfection, the cell viability in miR-205 inhibitor group was significantly higher than that in miR-205 control group (t=6.169, 7.221, 7.787, 7.835, 13.030, P<0.05 or P<0.01). At 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after transfection, the cell viability in miR-205 mimic group was significantly lower than that in miR-205 control group and miR-205 mimic+TSP-1 group (t=8.118, 26.970, 39.550, 42.490, 14.570, 12.240, 36.830, 45.220, P<0.05 or P<0.01). At 24 h after transfection, compared with miR-205 control group, the cell apoptosis in miR-205 mimic group was increased, and the cell apoptosis in miR-205 inhibitor group was decreased. At 24 h after transfection, compared with miR-205 mimic group, the cell apoptosis in miR-205 control group miR-205 mimic+TSP-1 group were decreased. Conclusions: miR-205 can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of Fbs in hypertrophic scar by inhibiting the expression of TSP-1, which has the potential to be the therapeutic target for hypertrophic scar.

MiRNA-485-5p, inhibits esophageal cancer cells proliferation and invasion by down-regulating O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase

OBJECTIVE

Previous reports suggest that miRNA-485-5p is dysregulated and contributes to tumorigenesis in some cancer types. Nevertheless, the biological role of miRNA-485-5p in esophageal cancer (EC) is not well understood. Additionally, we found that the expression of miR-485-5p in EC tissues was aberrant.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to demonstrate the expression of miRNA-485-5p in EC cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and transwell assay indicated that miRNA-485-5p overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in EC cell lines. Additionally, Western blotting, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and rescue assay predicted that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) was a direct target of miRNA-485-5p. Moreover, we showed that miRNA-485-5p regulated EC tumorigenesis by down-regulating OGT expression in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS

The upregulation of miR-485-5p (fold change = 44 and 26 in ECA109 and TE-1, respectively; p<0.001) was showed by qRT-PCR. Compared with the control groups, the expression miR-485-5p significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells. The bioinformatic analysis predicted that the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of OGT contains one miR-485-5p target sequences. Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that activation of OGT 3'UTR was increased by co-transfection with miR-485-5p. Finally, CCK-8 assay predicted that the rescue effects of OGT expression on miR-485-5p induced inhibition of cell growth and tumor weight in Eca109 and TE1 cells.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that miRNA-485-5p is a suppressor of EC tumorigenesis and could serve as a novel candidate for therapeutic applications in EC treatment.

Down-Regulation of miR-301a-3p Reduces Burn-Induced Vascular Endothelial Apoptosis by potentiating hMSC-Secreted IGF-1 and PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a Pathway

Vascular endothelium dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of multiple organ dysfunction. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) maintains vascular endothelial barrier survival via secreting bioactive factors. However, the mechanism of human umbilical cord MSC (hMSC) in protecting endothelial survival remains unclear. Here, we found IGF-1 secreted by hMSC suppressed severe burn-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and alleviated the dysfunction of vascular endothelial barrier and multiple organs in severely burned rats. Severe burn repressed miR-301a-3p expression, which directly regulated IGF-1 synthesis and secretion in hMSC. Down-regulation of miR-301a-3p decreased HUVECs apoptosis, stabilized endothelial barrier permeability, and subsequently protected against multiple organ dysfunction in vivo. Additionally, miR-301a-3p negatively regulated PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 signaling through IGF-1. Taken together, our study highlights the protective function of IGF-1 against the dysfunction of multiple organs negatively regulated by miR-301a-3p, which may provide the theoretical foundation for further clinical application of hMSC.

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IGF-1 secreted by hMSC suppressed severe burn-induced apoptosis of HUVECs

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miR-301a-3p directly regulated IGF-1 synthesis and secretion in hMSC

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DomiR-301a-3p protected against multiple organ dysfunction

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miR-301a-3p regulated PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 signaling through hMSC-secreted IGF-1

Using rational strategies for children's scars based on more than 5 years assessment after burn

BACKGROUND

Paediatric patients with scars after burn are regularly encountered. Discussion of rational strategies for management are of value. The objective of the study was to describe development and utilisation of strategies for paediatric burn scars up to five years after injury.

METHODS

We included 164 cases aged from 5 to 8 years old in our study; all had burn scar deformities.

RESULTS

Assessments were made up to December 31, 2019. The following strategies were used: sequential treatment, reconstruction based on facial aesthetic units, predicting the effect of surgery on development, releasing skin tension and application of photoelectric technology or other non-surgical measures.

CONCLUSIONS

Using rational strategies for paediatric burn scars is very important.

[Population's acceptance and attitude toward a novel fecal immunochemical test for colorectal cancer screening: a multi-center survey in China]

Objective: To investigate the acceptance and attitude toward a novel fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening among populations in China. Methods: From May 2018 to May 2019, 2 474 people aged 50-74 years were recruited from five provinces of China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan and Yunnan). The general demographic characteristics, acceptance of the new FIT technology and operational difficulties through the whole screening process were obtained through questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results. Results: The subjects were (60.0±6.4) years old, and female, high school of above educated, unemployed/retired/other, married and with medical insurance status of "new rural cooperative medical care (NRCMC)" accounted for 61.7% (1 526), 29.0%(718), 34.3% (849), 92.7% (2 293) and 31.3%(775), respectively. The population's acceptance of the FIT technology was 94.8%. In the process of FIT screening, the percentage of occurred difficulties in sampling stool, reading and uploading results were 33.1% (819), 46.4% (1 147) and 62.9% (1 557), respectively. The main difficulties were the uncertainty about whether the sampling operation was standard (28.0%), the inability to accurately judge the result displayed (32.5%) and the need for help without using a smartphone (44.2%). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that people aged 65-74 years old and with medical insurance status of "NRCMC" were more likely to encounter difficulties in sampling, and those who were unemployed/retired/other and living with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in sampling. Those aged 65-74 years old, farmers or migrant workers, and those with "NRCMC" were more likely to encounter difficulties in readingresults, and those with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in reading result. Those with "NRCMC" were more likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results, and those with education level of high school or above, living with more than 3 family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results. Conclusion: The acceptance of the new FIT technology is relatively high among the subjects. Age, education level, occupation, number of family members living together and medical insurance status might be related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results, and it can be further strengthened in terms of the technology and characteristics of sub-populations.

Determination of Strong-Phase Parameters in D→K_{S,L}^{0}π^{+}π^{-}

We report the most precise measurements to date of the strong-phase parameters between D^{0} and D[over ¯]^{0} decays to K_{S,L}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} using a sample of 2.93  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. Our results provide the key inputs for a binned model-independent determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle γ/ϕ_{3} with B decays. Using our results, the decay model sensitivity to the γ/ϕ_{3} measurement is expected to be between 0.7° and 1.2°, approximately a factor of three smaller than that achievable with previous measurements, based on the studies of the simulated data. The improved precision of this work ensures that measurements of γ/ϕ_{3} will not be limited by knowledge of strong phases for the next decade. Furthermore, our results provide critical input for other flavor-physics investigations, including charm mixing, other measurements of CP violation, and the measurement of strong-phase parameters for other D-decay modes.

Classification of Achilles tendon shortening induced by scar contracture and corresponding treatment strategies for pediatric patients - A single unit experience

BACKGROUND

Achilles tendon shortening of pediatric patients caused by scar contracture poses a challenge for us. It always impairs walking function. In this article, we attempted to introduce a new classification of Achilles tendon shortening of pediatric patients and corresponding treatment strategies in our single center.

METHODS

From 2001 to 2018, 65 patients (aging from 13 to 17-years-old, 34 females and 31 males, 21 cases with unilateral Achilles tendon shortening and 44 cases with bilateral Achilles tendon shortening) were recruited. The causes included trauma (n = 13), scald (n = 20) and burn (n = 32). The distance between the heel and the ground was from 3 to 18 cm. They were classified into three types: ≤5 cm, mild, n = 9; 5-10 cm, moderate, n = 30; ≥10 cm, serious, n = 26. They had a history from 7 months to 4 years (28 cases with less than 1.5 years and 37 cases with more than 1.5 years). Treatment methods: Scar-Achilles-Tendon (SAT) flaps and skin graft were used for moderate cases before special external fixation shoes were used for fixation for at least 6 months. External special shoes fixation was used for mild cases except 5cases still received SAT flap and skin graft. In serious cases, bone extraction was used for at least 6 months before receiving SAT flap and skin graft.

RESULTS

The distance between the heel and the ground was 0 cm after treatment in 54 cases (mild, n = 9; moderate, n = 28; serious, n = 18). Recurrence was found in 11 cases (mild, n = 0; moderate, n = 5; serious, n = 6) after six months follow-up. There were 13 cases of tangential excision of eschar and 8 cases of escharectomy (P < 0.05) with flap necrosis affection. Among them, 9 cases with a medical history of less than 1.5 years had partial necrosis, 6 cases with a medical history of more than 1.5 years had partial flap necrosis(P < 0.05). Local necrosis was covered by skin graft again. Bone exposure was found in 5 serious cases. It was repaired by negative pressure therapy first and then skin graft was used. The walking ability (P < 0.05) and function (P < 0.05) of lower limbs were statistically improved after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Different methods can be used according to the shortening degree of Achilles tendon of pediatric patients based on the new classification, which may be useful for future clinical work.

Measurement of Proton Electromagnetic Form Factors in e^{+}e^{-}→pp[over ¯] in the Energy Region 2.00-3.08 GeV

The process of e^{+}e^{-}→pp[over ¯] is studied at 22 center-of-mass energy points (sqrt[s]) from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV, exploiting 688.5  pb^{-1} of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross section (σ_{pp[over ¯]}) of e^{+}e^{-}→pp[over ¯] is measured with the energy-scan technique and it is found to be consistent with previously published data, but with much improved accuracy. In addition, the electromagnetic form-factor ratio (|G_{E}/G_{M}|) and the value of the effective (|G_{eff}|), electric (|G_{E}|), and magnetic (|G_{M}|) form factors are measured by studying the helicity angle of the proton at 16 center-of-mass energy points. |G_{E}/G_{M}| and |G_{M}| are determined with high accuracy, providing uncertainties comparable to data in the spacelike region, and |G_{E}| is measured for the first time. We reach unprecedented accuracy, and precision results in the timelike region provide information to improve our understanding of the proton inner structure and to test theoretical models which depend on nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics.

Measurement of the Cross Section for e^{+}e^{-}→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+} and Observation of an Excited Ξ Baryon

Using a total of 11.0  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data with center-of-mass energies between 4.009 and 4.6 GeV and collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we measure fifteen exclusive cross sections and effective form factors for the process e^{+}e^{-}→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+} by means of a single baryon-tag method. After performing a fit to the dressed cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+}, no significant ψ(4230) or ψ(4260) resonance is observed in the Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+} final states, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on Γ_{ee}B for the processes ψ(4230)/ψ(4260)→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+} are determined. In addition, an excited Ξ baryon at 1820  MeV/c^{2} is observed with a statistical significance of 6.2-6.5σ by including the systematic uncertainty, and the mass and width are measured to be M=(1825.5±4.7±4.7)  MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(17.0±15.0±7.9)  MeV, which confirms the existence of the J^{P}=3/2^{-} state Ξ(1820).

Observation of the Semileptonic D^{+} Decay into the K[over ¯]_{1}(1270)^{0} Axial-Vector Meson

By analyzing a 2.93  fb^{-1} data sample of e^{+}e^{-} collisions, recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider, we report the first observation of the semileptonic D^{+} transition into the axial-vector meson D^{+}→K[over ¯]_{1}(1270)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} with a statistical significance greater than 10σ. Its decay branching fraction is determined to be B[D^{+}→K[over ¯]_{1}(1270)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}]=(2.30±0.26_{-0.21}^{+0.18}±0.25)×10^{-3}, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively, and the third originates from the input branching fraction of K[over ¯]_{1}(1270)^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}π^{0}.

Observation of the Leptonic Decay D^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ}

We report the first observation of D^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ} with a significance of 5.1σ. We measure B(D^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ})=(1.20±0.24_{stat}±0.12_{syst})×10^{-3}. Taking the world average B(D^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ})=(3.74±0.17)×10^{-4}, we obtain R_{τ/μ}=Γ(D^{+}→τ^{+}ν_{τ})/Γ(D^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ})=3.21±0.64_{stat}±0.43_{syst}., which is consistent with the standard model expectation of lepton flavor universality. Using external inputs, our results give values for the D^{+} decay constant f_{D^{+}} and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cd}| that are consistent with, but less precise than, other determinations.

Complete Measurement of the Λ Electromagnetic Form Factors

The exclusive process e^{+}e^{-}→ΛΛ[over ¯], with Λ→pπ^{-} and Λ[over ¯]→p[over ¯]π^{+}, has been studied at sqrt[s]=2.396  GeV for measurement of the timelike Λ electric and magnetic form factors, G_{E} and G_{M}. A data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 66.9  pb^{-1}, was collected with the BESIII detector for this purpose. A multidimensional analysis with a complete decomposition of the spin structure of the reaction enables a determination of the modulus of the ratio R=|G_{E}/G_{M}| and, for the first time for any baryon, the relative phase ΔΦ=Φ_{E}-Φ_{M}. The resulting values are R=0.96±0.14(stat)±0.02(syst) and ΔΦ=37°±12°(stat)±6°(syst), respectively. These are obtained using the recently established and most precise value of the asymmetry parameter α_{Λ}=0.750±0.010 measured by BESIII. In addition, the cross section is measured with unprecedented precision to be σ=118.7±5.3(stat)±5.1(syst)  pb, which corresponds to an effective form factor of |G|=0.123±0.003(stat)±0.003(syst). The contribution from two-photon exchange is found to be negligible. Our result enables the first complete determination of baryon timelike electromagnetic form factors.

Amplitude Analysis of D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{0}η and First Observation of the W-Annihilation Dominant Decays D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{+}π^{0} and D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}π^{+}

We present the first amplitude analysis of the decay D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{0}η. We use an e^{+}e^{-} collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19  fb^{-1} collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV. We observe for the first time the W-annihilation dominant decays D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{+}π^{0} and D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}π^{+}. We measure the absolute branching fraction B(D_{s}^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{+(0)}π^{0^{(}+)},a_{0}(980)^{+(0)}→π^{+(0)}η)=(1.46±0.15_{stat}±0.23_{sys})%, which is larger than the branching fractions of other measured pure W-annihilation decays by at least one order of magnitude. In addition, we measure the branching fraction of D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{0}η with significantly improved precision.

Study of e^{+}e^{-}→γωJ/ψ and Observation of X(3872)→ωJ/ψ

We study the e^{+}e^{-}→γωJ/ψ process using 11.6  fb^{-1} e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data taken at center-of-mass energies from sqrt[s]=4.008  GeV to 4.600 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring. The X(3872) resonance is observed for the first time in the ωJ/ψ system with a significance of more than 5σ. The relative decay ratio of X(3872)→ωJ/ψ and π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ is measured to be R=1.6_{-0.3}^{+0.4}±0.2, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic (the same hereafter). The sqrt[s]-dependent cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→γX(3872) is also measured and investigated, and it can be described by a single Breit-Wigner resonance, referred to as the Y(4200), with a mass of 4200.6_{-13.3}^{+7.9}±3.0  MeV/c^{2} and a width of 115_{-26}^{+38}±12  MeV. In addition, to describe the ωJ/ψ mass distribution above 3.9  GeV/c^{2}, we need at least one additional Breit-Wigner resonance, labeled as X(3915), in the fit. The mass and width of the X(3915) are determined. The resonant parameters of the X(3915) agree with those of the Y(3940) in B→KωJ/ψ and of the X(3915) in γγ→ωJ/ψ observed by the Belle and BABAR experiments within errors.

Observation of the Decay X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{c1}(1P)

Using a total of 9.0  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data with center-of-mass energies between 4.15 and 4.30 GeV collected by the BESIII detector, we search for the processes e^{+}e^{-}→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{cJ} for J=0, 1, 2. We report the first observation of X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{c1}, a new decay mode of the X(3872), with a statistical significance of more than 5σ for all systematic fit variations. Normalizing to the previously established process e^{+}e^{-}→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ, we find B(X(3872)→π^{0}χ_{c1})/B(X(3872)→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ)=0.88_{-0.27}^{+0.33}±0.10, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the corresponding ratios for the decays to π^{0}χ_{c0} and π^{0}χ_{c2} of 19 and 1.1, respectively.

Precision Measurement of the Branching Fractions of η^{'} Decays

Based on a sample of (1310.6±7.0)×10^{6}J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, we present measurements of J/ψ and η^{'} absolute branching fractions using the process J/ψ→γη^{'}. By analyzing events where the radiative photon converts into an e^{+}e^{-} pair, the branching fraction for J/ψ→γη^{'} is measured to be (5.27±0.03±0.05)×10^{-3}. The absolute branching fractions of the five dominant decay channels of the η^{'} are then measured for the first time and are determined to be B(η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-})=(29.90±0.03±0.55)%, B(η^{'}→ηπ^{+}π^{-})=(41.24±0.08±1.24)%, B(η^{'}→ηπ^{0}π^{0})=(21.36±0.10±0.92)%, B(η^{'}→γω)=(2.489±0.018±0.074)%, and B(η^{'}→γγ)=(2.331±0.012±0.035)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.

Measurement of the Dynamics of the Decays D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}e^{+}ν_{e}

Using e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fractions B_{D_{s}^{+}→ηe^{+}ν_{e}}=(2.323±0.063_{stat}±0.063_{syst})% and B_{D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}e^{+}ν_{e}}=(0.824±0.073_{stat}±0.027_{syst})% via a tagged analysis technique, where one D_{s} is fully reconstructed in a hadronic mode. Combining these measurements with previous BESIII measurements of B_{D^{+}→η^{(')}e^{+}ν_{e}}, the η-η^{'} mixing angle in the quark flavor basis is determined to be ϕ_{P}=(40.1±2.1_{stat}±0.7_{syst})°. From the first measurements of the dynamics of D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}e^{+}ν_{e} decays, the products of the hadronic form factors f_{+}^{η^{(')}}(0) and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cs}| are determined with different form factor parametrizations. For the two-parameter series expansion, the results are f_{+}^{η}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.4455±0.0053_{stat}±0.0044_{syst} and f_{+}^{η^{'}}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.477±0.049_{stat}±0.011_{syst}.

Evidence of a Resonant Structure in the e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}D^{0}D^{*-} Cross Section between 4.05 and 4.60 GeV

The cross section of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}D^{0}D^{*-} for center-of-mass energies from 4.05 to 4.60 GeV is measured precisely using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two enhancements are clearly visible in the cross section around 4.23 and 4.40 GeV. Using several models to describe the dressed cross section yields stable parameters for the first enhancement, which has a mass of 4228.6±4.1±6.3  MeV/c^{2} and a width of 77.0±6.8±6.3  MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. Our resonant mass is consistent with previous observations of the Y(4220) state and the theoretical prediction of a DD[over ¯]_{1}(2420) molecule. This result is the first observation of Y(4220) associated with an open-charm final state. Fits with three resonance functions with additional Y(4260), Y(4320), Y(4360), ψ(4415), or a new resonance do not show significant contributions from either of these resonances. The second enhancement is not from a single known resonance. It could contain contributions from ψ(4415) and other resonances, and a detailed amplitude analysis is required to better understand this enhancement.

Determination of the Pseudoscalar Decay Constant f_{D_{s}^{+}} via D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}

Using a 3.19  fb^{-1} data sample collected at an e^{+}e^{-} center-of-mass energy of E_{cm}=4.178  GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the branching fraction of the leptonic decay D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ} to be B_{D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}}=(5.49±0.16_{stat}±0.15_{syst})×10^{-3}. Combining our branching fraction with the masses of the D_{s}^{+} and μ^{+} and the lifetime of the D_{s}^{+}, we determine f_{D_{s}^{+}}|V_{cs}|=246.2±3.6_{stat}±3.5_{syst}  MeV. Using the c→s quark mixing matrix element |V_{cs}| determined from a global standard model fit, we evaluate the D_{s}^{+} decay constant f_{D_{s}^{+}}=252.9±3.7_{stat}±3.6_{syst}  MeV. Alternatively, using the value of f_{D_{s}^{+}} calculated by lattice quantum chromodynamics, we find |V_{cs}|=0.985±0.014_{stat}±0.014_{syst}. These values of B_{D_{s}^{+}→μ^{+}ν_{μ}}, f_{D_{s}^{+}}|V_{cs}|, f_{D_{s}^{+}} and |V_{cs}| are each the most precise results to date.

First Measurement of the Form Factors in D_{s}^{+}→K^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} and D_{s}^{+}→K^{*0}e^{+}ν_{e} Decays

We report on new measurements of Cabibbo-suppressed semileptonic D_{s}^{+} decays using 3.19  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data sample collected at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. Our results include branching fractions B(D_{s}^{+}→K^{0}e^{+}ν_{e})=[3.25±0.38(stat)±0.16(syst)]×10^{-3} and B(D_{s}^{+}→K^{*0}e^{+}ν_{e})=[2.37±0.26(stat)±0.20(syst)]×10^{-3}, which are much improved relative to previous measurements, and the first measurements of the hadronic form-factor parameters for these decays. For D_{s}^{+}→K^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}, we obtain f_{+}(0)=0.720±0.084(stat)±0.013(syst), and for D_{s}^{+}→K^{*0}e^{+}ν_{e}, we find form-factor ratios r_{V}=V(0)/A_{1}(0)=1.67±0.34(stat)±0.16(syst) and r_{2}=A_{2}(0)/A_{1}(0)=0.77±0.28(stat)±0.07(syst).

Observation of D^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e} and Improved Measurements of D→ρe^{+}ν_{e}

Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93  fb^{-1} recorded by the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, we present an analysis of the decays D^{0}→π^{-}π^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} and D^{+}→π^{-}π^{+}e^{+}ν_{e}. By performing a partial wave analysis, the π^{+}π^{-} S-wave contribution to D^{+}→π^{-}π^{+}e^{+}ν_{e} is observed to be (25.7±1.6±1.1)% with a statistical significance greater than 10σ, besides the dominant P-wave contribution. This is the first observation of the S-wave contribution. We measure the branching fractions B(D^{0}→ρ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})=(1.445±0.058±0.039)×10^{-3}, B(D^{+}→ρ^{0}e^{+}ν_{e})=(1.860±0.070±0.061)×10^{-3}, and B(D^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e},f_{0}(500)→π^{+}π^{-})=(6.30±0.43±0.32)×10^{-4}. An upper limit of B(D^{+}→f_{0}(980)e^{+}ν_{e},f_{0}(980)→π^{+}π^{-})<2.8×10^{-5} is set at the 90% confidence level. We also obtain the hadronic form factor ratios of D→ρe^{+}ν_{e} at q^{2}=0 assuming the single-pole dominance parametrization: r_{V}={[V(0)]/[A_{1}(0)]}=1.695±0.083±0.051, r_{2}={[A_{2}(0)]/[A_{1}(0)]}=0.845±0.056±0.039.

Study of the D^{0}→K^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ} Dynamics and Test of Lepton Flavor Universality with D^{0}→K^{-}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} Decays

Using e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data of 2.93  fb^{-1} collected at center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=3.773  GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of D^{0}→K^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ} with significantly improved precision: B_{D^{0}→K^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ}}=(3.413±0.019_{stat}±0.035_{syst})%. Combining with our previous measurement of B_{D^{0}→K^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}}, the ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be B_{D^{0}→K^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ}}/B_{D^{0}→K^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}}=0.974±0.007_{stat}±0.012_{syst}, which agrees with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within the uncertainty. A study of the ratio of the two branching fractions in different four-momentum transfer regions is also performed, and no evidence for lepton flavor universality violation is found with current statistics. Taking inputs from global fit in the standard model and lattice quantum chromodynamics separately, we determine f_{+}^{K}(0)=0.7327±0.0039_{stat}±0.0030_{syst} and |V_{cs}|=0.955±0.005_{stat}±0.004_{syst}±0.024_{LQCD}.

Measurement of the Absolute Branching Fraction of the Inclusive Semileptonic Λ_{c}^{+} Decay

Using a data sample of e^{+}e^{-} collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567  pb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=4.6  GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive semileptonic Λ_{c}^{+} decay with a double-tag method. We obtain B(Λ_{c}^{+}→Xe^{+}ν_{e})=(3.95±0.34±0.09)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Using the known Λ_{c}^{+} lifetime and the charge-averaged semileptonic decay width of nonstrange charmed mesons (D^{0} and D^{+}), we obtain the ratio of the inclusive semileptonic decay widths Γ(Λ_{c}^{+}→Xe^{+}ν_{e})/Γ[over ¯](D→Xe^{+}ν_{e})=1.26±0.12.

Measurement of the Branching Fraction For the Semileptonic Decay D^{0(+)}→π^{-(0)}μ^{+}ν_{μ} and Test of Lepton Flavor Universality

Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93  fb^{-1} taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider, we perform an analysis of the semileptonic decays D^{0(+)}→π^{-(0)}μ^{+}ν_{μ}. The branching fractions of D^{0}→π^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ} and D^{+}→π^{0}μ^{+}ν_{μ} are measured to be (0.272±0.008_{stat}±0.006_{syst})% and (0.350±0.011_{stat}±0.010_{syst})%, respectively, where the former is of much improved precision compared to previous results and the latter is determined for the first time. Using these results along with previous BESIII measurements of D^{0(+)}→π^{-(0)}e^{+}ν_{e}, we calculate the branching fraction ratios to be R^{0}≡B_{D^{0}→π^{-}μ^{+}ν_{μ}}/B_{D^{0}→π^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}}=0.922±0.030_{stat}±0.022_{syst} and R^{+}≡B_{D^{+}→π^{0}μ^{+}ν_{μ}}/B_{D^{+}→π^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}}=0.964±0.037_{stat}±0.026_{syst}, which are compatible with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within 1.7σ and 0.5σ, respectively. We also examine the branching fraction ratios in different four-momentum transfer square regions, and find no significant deviations from the standard model predictions.

Observation of the Semileptonic Decay D^{0}→a_{0}(980)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} and Evidence for D^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}

Using an e^{+}e^{-} collision data sample of 2.93  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we report the observation of D^{0}→a_{0}(980)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} and evidence for D^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} with significances of 6.4σ and 2.9σ, respectively. The absolute branching fractions are determined to be B(D^{0}→a_{0}(980)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})×B(a_{0}(980)^{-}→ηπ^{-})=[1.33_{-0.29}^{+0.33}(stat)±0.09(syst)]×10^{-4} and B(D^{+}→a_{0}(980)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e})×B(a_{0}(980)^{0}→ηπ^{0})=[1.66_{-0.66}^{+0.81}(stat)±0.11(syst)]×10^{-4}. This is the first time the a_{0}(980) meson has been measured in a D^{0} semileptonic decay, which would open one more interesting page in the investigation of the nature of the puzzling a_{0}(980) states.