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Yang H, Zhang H, Li X. Navigating the future of retinitis pigmentosa treatments: A comprehensive analysis of therapeutic approaches in rd10 mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106436. [PMID: 38341159 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a degenerative disease, caused by genetic mutations that lead to a loss in photoreceptors. For research on RP, rd10 mice, which carry mutations in the phosphodiesterase (PDE) gene, exhibit degenerative patterns comparable to those of patients with RP, making them an ideal model for investigating potential treatments. Although numerous studies have reported the potential of biochemical drugs, gene correction, and stem cell transplantation in decelerating rd10 retinal degeneration, a comprehensive review of these studies has yet to be conducted. Therefore, here, a comparative analysis of rd10 mouse treatment research over the past decade was performed. Our findings suggest that biochemical drugs capable of inhibiting the inflammatory response may be promising therapeutics. Additionally, significant progress has been made in the field of gene therapy; nevertheless, challenges such as strict delivery requirements, bystander editing, and off-target effects still need to be resolved. Nevertheless, secretory function is the only unequivocal protective effect of stem cell transplantation. In summary, this review presents a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the treatment approaches employing rd10 mice as experimental subjects, describing a clear pathway for future RP treatment research and identifies potential clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Phenotype Characterization of a Mice Genetic Model of Absolute Blindness. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158152. [PMID: 35897728 PMCID: PMC9331777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological development requires new approaches to address the problem of blindness. Such approaches need to be able to ensure that no cells with photosensitive capability remain in the retina. The presented model, Opn4−/− × Pde6brd10/rd10 (O×Rd) double mutant murine, is a combination of a mutation in the Pde6b gene (photoreceptor degeneration) together with a deletion of the Opn4 gene (responsible for the expression of melanopsin in the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells). This model has been characterized and compared with those of WT mice and murine animal models displaying both mutations separately. A total loss of pupillary reflex was observed. Likewise, behavioral tests demonstrated loss of rejection to illuminated spaces and a complete decrease in visual acuity (optomotor test). Functional recordings showed an absolute disappearance of various wave components of the full-field and pattern electroretinogram (fERG, pERG). Likewise, visual evoked potential (VEP) could not be recorded. Immunohistochemical staining showed marked degeneration of the outer retinal layers and the absence of melanopsin staining. The combination of both mutations has generated an animal model that does not show any photosensitive element in its retina. This model is a potential tool for the study of new ophthalmological approaches such as optosensitive agents.
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Pinilla I, Maneu V, Campello L, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N. Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061086. [PMID: 35739983 PMCID: PMC9219848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, ultimately leading to loss of visual function. Oxidative stress and inflammation play fundamental roles in the physiopathology of these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state in the retina. The activation of several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses to injury, including the activation of microglia to eliminate debris and recruit inflammatory cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs are currently limited, although a small number of patients have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies are being pursued to mitigate the deleterious effects of IRDs associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, including inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation and inflammatory responses, and blocking autophagy. Several compounds are being tested in clinical trials, generating great expectations for their implementation. The present review discusses the main death mechanisms that occur in IRDs and the latest therapies that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
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Ou C, Jiang P, Tian Y, Yao Z, Yang Y, Peng J, Zeng M, Song H, Peng Q. Fructus Lycii and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract alleviate retinitis pigmentosa through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113993. [PMID: 33684515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Lycii and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (FS) are popular Chinese herbs for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to evaluate protective effects of FS extract on RP and to explore whether FS extract exerts its protective effects via oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS FS extract were identified by UPLC chromatographic analysis. Rd10 mice as the model of RP, followed by a 4-week FS extract treatment by intragastric administration. After the animal sacrifice, histopathological examination and Scotopic electroretinography (ERG) analysis were assessed. The oxidative stress markers were determined and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The expression and distribution of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The morphological changes of Outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and number of the ONL were observed with a significant increased, and the functional changes of a-amplitude and b-wave amplitude were measured with a markedly increased. Treatment with FS extract remarkably increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, FS extract up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that FS extract can improve retinal morphology and function, which may have occurred through the regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to inhibit the oxidative reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Zhen Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Yijing Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Meiyan Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Houpan Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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Yang P, Lockard R, Titus H, Hiblar J, Weller K, Wafai D, Weleber RG, Duvoisin RM, Morgans CW, Pennesi ME. Suppression of cGMP-Dependent Photoreceptor Cytotoxicity With Mycophenolate Is Neuroprotective in Murine Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:25. [PMID: 32785677 PMCID: PMC7441375 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on retinal degeneration on two mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa. Methods Intraperitoneal injections of MMF were administered daily in rd10 and c57 mice starting at postoperative day 12 (P12) and rd1 mice starting at P8. The effect of MMF was assessed with optical coherence tomography, immunohistochemistry, electroretinography, and OptoMotry. Whole retinal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and mycophenolic acid levels were quantified with mass spectrometry. Photoreceptor cGMP cytotoxicity was evaluated with cell counts of cGMP immunostaining. Results MMF treatment significantly delays the onset of retinal degeneration and cGMP-dependent photoreceptor cytotoxicity in rd10 and rd1 mice, albeit a more modest effect in the latter. In rd10 mice, treatment with MMF showed robust preservation of the photoreceptors up to P22 with associated suppression of cGMP immunostaining and microglial activation; The neuroprotective effect diminished after P22, but outer retinal thickness was still significantly thicker by P35 and OptoMotry response was significantly better up to P60. Whereas cGMP immunostaining of the photoreceptors were present in rd10 and rd1 mice, hyperphysiological whole retinal cGMP levels were observed only in rd1 mice. Conclusions Early treatment with MMF confers potent neuroprotection in two animal models of RP by suppressing the cGMP-dependent common pathway for photoreceptor cell death. The neuroprotective effect of MMF on cGMP-dependent cytotoxicity occurs independently of the presence of hyperphysiological whole retinal cGMP levels. Thus our data suggest that MMF may be an important new class of neuroprotective agent that could be useful in the treatment of patients with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Rachel Lockard
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Hope Titus
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jordan Hiblar
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Kyle Weller
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Dahlia Wafai
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Richard G Weleber
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Robert M Duvoisin
- Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Catherine W Morgans
- Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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Song Q, Xie X, Hu Z, Xue J, Zhang S, Xie X. (Z)-7,4'-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-aurone-4-O- β-glucopyranoside attenuates lipoteichoic acid-induced damage in rat cardiomyoblast cells. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519889716. [PMID: 32865061 PMCID: PMC7469747 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519889716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive inflammatory responses in the endocardium are related to progression of infectious endocarditis. This study aimed to investigate whether (Z)-7,4'-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-aurone-4-O-β-glucopyranoside (DHAG), a compound isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, could attenuate cell damage caused by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in embryonic rat heart cells (H9c2). METHODS LTA-induced cell damage occurred in H9c2 cells and the protective effects of DHAG at different concentrations (1-10 µM) were assessed. Indicators of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in H9c2 cells were measured. RESULTS DHAG (1-10 µM) significantly attenuated LTA-induced damage in H9c2 cells, as evidenced by increased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased cytochrome c release and DNA fragmentation, inhibition of caspase-3 and -9 activity, and altered expression of apoptosis-related proteins. DHAG also decreased oxidative stress by increasing protein expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, DHAG inhibited inflammatory responses by decreasing protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). CONCLUSION DHAG exerted protective effects against LTA-induced cell damage, at least partially by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Our results provide a scientific rational for developing DHAG as a therapy against infectious endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Song
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuegang Xie
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianying Xue
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Progesterone, Lipoic Acid, and Sulforaphane as Promising Antioxidants for Retinal Diseases: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030053. [PMID: 30832304 PMCID: PMC6466531 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been documented to be a key factor in the cause and progression of different retinal diseases. Oxidative cellular unbalance triggers a sequence of reactions which prompt cell degeneration and retinal dysfunction, both hallmarks of several retinal pathologies. There is no effective treatment, yet, for many retinal diseases. Antioxidant treatment have been pointed out to be an encouraging palliative treatment; the beneficial effects documented involve slowing the progression of the disease, a reduction of cell degeneration, and improvement of retinal functions. There is a vast information corpus on antioxidant candidates. In this review, we expose three of the main antioxidant treatments, selected for their promising results that has been reported to date. Recently, the sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate molecule, has been unveiled as a neuroprotective candidate, by its antioxidant properties. Progesterone, a neurosteroid has been proposed to be a solid and effective neuroprotective agent. Finally, the lipoic acid, an organosulfur compound, is a well-recognized antioxidant. All of them, have been tested and studied on different retinal disease models. In this review, we summarized the published results of these works, to offer a general view of the current antioxidant treatment advances, including the main effects and mechanisms described.
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