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Batur E, Özdemir S, Durgun ME, Özsoy Y. Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems: Promising Approaches in Ocular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:511. [PMID: 38675470 PMCID: PMC11054584 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery poses unique challenges due to the complex anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye. Conventional dosage forms often fail to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes due to poor bioavailability, short retention time, and off-target effects. In recent years, vesicular drug delivery systems have emerged as promising solutions to address these challenges. Vesicular systems, such as liposome, niosome, ethosome, transfersome, and others (bilosome, transethosome, cubosome, proniosome, chitosome, terpesome, phytosome, discome, and spanlastics), offer several advantages for ocular drug delivery. These include improved drug bioavailability, prolonged retention time on the ocular surface, reduced systemic side effects, and protection of drugs from enzymatic degradation and dilution by tears. Moreover, vesicular formulations can be engineered for targeted delivery to specific ocular tissues or cells, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. They also enable the encapsulation of a wide range of drug molecules, including hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and macromolecular drugs, and the possibility of combination therapy by facilitating the co-delivery of multiple drugs. This review examines vesicular drug delivery systems, their advantages over conventional drug delivery systems, production techniques, and their applications in management of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslim Batur
- Health Science Institute, Istanbul University, 34126 Istanbul, Türkiye;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34500 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, 34445 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Samet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, 34445 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Meltem Ezgi Durgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, 34445 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Türkiye;
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Klézlová A, Bulíř P, Klápšťová A, Netuková M, Šenková K, Horáková J, Studený P. Novel Biomaterials in Glaucoma Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:813. [PMID: 38672168 PMCID: PMC11048501 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a significant cause of blindness worldwide, and its treatment remains challenging. The disease progressively leads to damage to the optic disc and thus loss of visual acuity and visual field. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is a common risk factor. There are three major methods to treat this disease: topical, laser, and surgical. None of these are completely satisfactory; therefore, alternatives using new biomaterials are being sought. Since biomaterial engineering has experienced significant growth in recent decades, its products are gradually being introduced to various branches of medicine, with the exception of ophthalmology. Biomaterials, such as glaucoma drainage implants, have been successfully used to treat glaucoma. There is significant ongoing research on biomaterials as drug delivery systems that could overcome the disadvantages of topical glaucoma treatment, such as poor intraocular penetration or frequent drug administration. This article summarizes the use of novel biomaterials for glaucoma treatment presented in the literature. The literature search was based on articles published in English on PubMed.gov, Cochranelibrary.com, and Scopus.com between 2018 and 2023 using the following term "biomaterials in glaucoma." A total of 103 published articles, including twenty-two reviews, were included. Fifty-nine articles were excluded on the basis of their titles and abstracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Klézlová
- Ophthalmology Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Ruská 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.B.); (M.N.); (K.Š.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Bulíř
- Ophthalmology Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Ruská 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.B.); (M.N.); (K.Š.); (P.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Hospital Liberec, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Klápšťová
- Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Magdaléna Netuková
- Ophthalmology Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Ruská 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.B.); (M.N.); (K.Š.); (P.S.)
| | - Kateřina Šenková
- Ophthalmology Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Ruská 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.B.); (M.N.); (K.Š.); (P.S.)
| | - Jana Horáková
- Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Pavel Studený
- Ophthalmology Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Ruská 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.B.); (M.N.); (K.Š.); (P.S.)
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Mostafa M, Al Fatease A, Alany RG, Abdelkader H. Recent Advances of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Prominence of Ocular Implants for Chronic Eye Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1746. [PMID: 37376194 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic ocular diseases can seriously impact the eyes and could potentially result in blindness or serious vision loss. According to the most recent data from the WHO, there are more than 2 billion visually impaired people in the world. Therefore, it is pivotal to develop more sophisticated, long-acting drug delivery systems/devices to treat chronic eye conditions. This review covers several drug delivery nanocarriers that can control chronic eye disorders non-invasively. However, most of the developed nanocarriers are still in preclinical or clinical stages. Long-acting drug delivery systems, such as inserts and implants, constitute the majority of the clinically used methods for the treatment of chronic eye diseases due to their steady state release, persistent therapeutic activity, and ability to bypass most ocular barriers. However, implants are considered invasive drug delivery technologies, especially those that are nonbiodegradable. Furthermore, in vitro characterization approaches, although useful, are limited in mimicking or truly representing the in vivo environment. This review focuses on long-acting drug delivery systems (LADDS), particularly implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS), their formulation, methods of characterization, and clinical application for the treatment of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid G Alany
- School of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Tames KT1 2EE, UK
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Hamdy Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
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Wu KY, Ashkar S, Jain S, Marchand M, Tran SD. Breaking Barriers in Eye Treatment: Polymeric Nano-Based Drug-Delivery System for Anterior Segment Diseases and Glaucoma. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061373. [PMID: 36987154 PMCID: PMC10054733 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye has anatomical structures that function as robust static and dynamic barriers, limiting the penetration, residence time, and bioavailability of medications administered topically. The development of polymeric nano-based drug-delivery systems (DDS) could be the solution to these challenges: it can pass through ocular barriers, offering higher bioavailability of administered drugs to targeted tissues that are otherwise inaccessible; it can stay in ocular tissues for longer periods of time, requiring fewer drug administrations; and it can be made up of polymers that are biodegradable and nano-sized, minimizing the undesirable effects of the administered molecules. Therefore, therapeutic innovations in polymeric nano-based DDS have been widely explored for ophthalmic drug-delivery applications. In this review, we will give a comprehensive overview of polymeric nano-based drug-delivery systems (DDS) used in the treatment of ocular diseases. We will then examine the current therapeutic challenges of various ocular diseases and analyze how different types of biopolymers can potentially enhance our therapeutic options. A literature review of the preclinical and clinical studies published between 2017 and 2022 was conducted. Thanks to the advances in polymer science, the ocular DDS has rapidly evolved, showing great promise to help clinicians better manage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Said Ashkar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shrieda Jain
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Michael Marchand
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Zhang R, Yang J, Luo Q, Shi J, Xu H, Zhang J. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of an isoliquiritigenin-loaded ophthalmic nanoemulsion for the treatment of corneal neovascularization. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2217-2233. [PMID: 35815765 PMCID: PMC9275503 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2096714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), as a natural flavonoid, has been proven to have therapeutic potential for corneal neovascularization (CNV) treatment; however, its therapeutic use is restricted due to its poor aqueous solubility and limited bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, a novel ISL-loaded nanoemulsion (ISL-NE) was designed for inhibiting CNV in this study. ISL-NE formulation was composed of propylene glycol dicaprylate (PGD), Cremophor® EL (EL35), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and adding water with sodium hyaluronate, its particle size was 34.56 ± 0.80 nm with a low polydispersity index of less than 0.05, which suggested a narrow size distribution. The results demonstrated that ISL-NE released higher and permeated more drug than ISL suspension (ISL-Susp) in in vitro drug release and ex vivo corneal permeation study. ISL-NE showed no cytotoxicity in human corneal epithelial cells toxicity study, which was consistent with the result of ocular irritation study in rabbit eyes. ISL-NE had bioavailability 5.76-fold, 7.80-fold and 2.13-fold higher than ISL-Sups in tears, cornea and aqueous humor after a single dose of ISL-NE, respectively. Furthermore, the efficacy of ISL-NE treatment (0.2% ISL) was comparable to that of dexamethasone treatment (0.025%) in the inhibition of CNV in mice model. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the expressions of corneal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) were decreased. In conclusion, the ISL-NE demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties, good tolerance, and enhanced ocular bioavailability. It could be a promising, safe, and effective treatment for CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jieran Shi
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohang Xu
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Yang J, Liang Z, Lu P, Song F, Zhang Z, Zhou T, Li J, Zhang J. Development of a Luliconazole Nanoemulsion as a Prospective Ophthalmic Delivery System for the Treatment of Fungal Keratitis: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2052. [PMID: 36297487 PMCID: PMC9608689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Luliconazole (LCZ), a novel imidazole drug, has broad-spectrum and potential antifungal effects, which makes it a possible cure for fungal keratitis; nevertheless, its medical use in ocular infections is hindered by its poor solubility. The purpose of this study was to design and optimize LCZ nanoemulsion (LCZ-NE) formulations using the central composite design-response surface methodology, and to investigate its potential in improving bioavailability following ocular topical administration. The LCZ-NE formulation was composed of Capryol 90, ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil, Transcutol® P and water. The shape of LCZ-NE was spherical and uniform, with a droplet size of 18.43 ± 0.05 nm and a low polydispersity index (0.070 ± 0.008). The results of an in vitro release of LCZ study demonstrated that the LCZ-NE released more drug than an LCZ suspension (LCZ-Susp). Increases in the inhibition zone indicated that the in vitro antifungal activity of the LCZ-NE was significantly improved. An ocular irritation evaluation in rabbits showed that the LCZ-NE had a good tolerance in rabbit eyes. Ocular pharmacokinetics analysis revealed improved bioavailability in whole eye tissues that were treated with LCZ-NE, compared with those treated with LCZ-Susp. In conclusion, the optimized LCZ-NE formulation exhibited excellent physicochemical properties, good tolerance, enhanced antifungal activity and bioavailability in eyes. This formulation would be safe, and shows promise in effectively treating ocular fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Thermoresponsive in situ gel of curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticle: Design, optimization and in vitro characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Luo Q, Yang J, Xu H, Shi J, Liang Z, Zhang R, Lu P, Pu G, Zhao N, Zhang J. Sorafenib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical ocular therapy of corneal neovascularization: development, in-vitro and in vivo study. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:837-855. [PMID: 35277107 PMCID: PMC8920403 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2048134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (SRB), a multikinase inhibitor, is effective in reducing experimental corneal neovascularization (CNV) after oral administration; however, its therapeutic use in ocular surface disorders is restricted due to poor solubility and limited bioavailability. This study aimed to develop and optimize SRB-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (SRB-NLCs) for topical ocular delivery by a central composite design response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). It was spherical and uniform in morphology with an average particle size of 111.87 ± 0.93 nm and a narrow size distribution. The in vitro drug release from the released SRB-NLC formulation was well fitted to Korsmeyer Peppas release kinetics. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) cell viability assay demonstrated that SRB-NLC was not obviously cytotoxic to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). An in vivo ocular irritation test showed that SRB-NLC was well tolerated by rabbit eyes. Ocular pharmacokinetics revealed 6.79-fold and 1.24-fold increase in the area under concentration-time curves (AUC0-12h) over 12 h in rabbit cornea and conjunctiva, respectively, treated with one dose of SRB-NLC compared with those treated with SRB suspension. Moreover, SRB-NLC (0.05% SRB) and dexamethasone (0.025%) similarly suppressed corneal neovascularization in mice. In conclusion, the optimized SRB-NLC formulation demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties and good tolerance, sustained release, and enhanced ocular bioavailability. It is safe and potentially effective for the treatment of corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jieran Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guojuan Pu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Formulation, characterization, optimization and in-vivo evaluation of methazolamide liposomal in-situ gel for treating glaucoma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Vaneev A, Tikhomirova V, Chesnokova N, Popova E, Beznos O, Kost O, Klyachko N. Nanotechnology for Topical Drug Delivery to the Anterior Segment of the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12368. [PMID: 34830247 PMCID: PMC8621153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is one of the most challenging aspects of eye therapy. Eye drops are the most prevalent drug form, especially for widely distributed anterior segment eye diseases (cataracts, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, inflammatory diseases, etc.), because they are convenient and easy to apply by patients. However, conventional drug formulations are usually characterized by short retention time in the tear film, insufficient contact with epithelium, fast elimination, and difficulties in overcoming ocular tissue barriers. Not more than 5% of the total drug dose administered in eye drops reaches the interior ocular tissues. To overcome the ocular drug delivery barriers and improve drug bioavailability, various conventional and novel drug delivery systems have been developed. Among these, nanosize carriers are the most attractive. The review is focused on the different drug carriers, such as synthetic and natural polymers, as well as inorganic carriers, with special attention to nanoparticles and nanomicelles. Studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that new formulations could help to improve the bioavailability of the drugs, provide sustained drug release, enhance and prolong their therapeutic action. Promising results were obtained with drug-loaded nanoparticles included in in situ gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vaneev
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.); (V.T.); (E.P.); (O.K.)
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria Tikhomirova
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.); (V.T.); (E.P.); (O.K.)
| | - Natalia Chesnokova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (N.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Ekaterina Popova
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.); (V.T.); (E.P.); (O.K.)
| | - Olga Beznos
- Department of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (N.C.); (O.B.)
| | - Olga Kost
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.); (V.T.); (E.P.); (O.K.)
| | - Natalia Klyachko
- Chemistry Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.); (V.T.); (E.P.); (O.K.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Research Institute “Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials”, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia
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