1
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de Barros Dantas LL, Eldridge BM, Dorling J, Dekeya R, Lynch DA, Dodd AN. Circadian regulation of metabolism across photosynthetic organisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:650-668. [PMID: 37531328 PMCID: PMC10953457 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Circadian regulation produces a biological measure of time within cells. The daily cycle in the availability of light for photosynthesis causes dramatic changes in biochemical processes in photosynthetic organisms, with the circadian clock having crucial roles in adaptation to these fluctuating conditions. Correct alignment between the circadian clock and environmental day-night cycles maximizes plant productivity through its regulation of metabolism. Therefore, the processes that integrate circadian regulation with metabolism are key to understanding how the circadian clock contributes to plant productivity. This forms an important part of exploiting knowledge of circadian regulation to enhance sustainable crop production. Here, we examine the roles of circadian regulation in metabolic processes in source and sink organ structures of Arabidopsis. We also evaluate possible roles for circadian regulation in root exudation processes that deposit carbon into the soil, and the nature of the rhythmic interactions between plants and their associated microbial communities. Finally, we examine shared and differing aspects of the circadian regulation of metabolism between Arabidopsis and other model photosynthetic organisms, and between circadian control of metabolism in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms. This synthesis identifies a variety of future research topics, including a focus on metabolic processes that underlie biotic interactions within ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany M. Eldridge
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Jack Dorling
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Richard Dekeya
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Deirdre A. Lynch
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Antony N. Dodd
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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2
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Petersen J, Rredhi A, Szyttenholm J, Mittag M. Evolution of circadian clocks along the green lineage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:924-937. [PMID: 35325228 PMCID: PMC9516769 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks govern temporal programs in the green lineage (Chloroplastida) as they do in other photosynthetic pro- and eukaryotes, bacteria, fungi, animals, and humans. Their physiological properties, including entrainment, phase responses, and temperature compensation, are well conserved. The involvement of transcriptional/translational feedback loops in the oscillatory machinery and reversible phosphorylation events are also maintained. Circadian clocks control a large variety of output rhythms in green algae and terrestrial plants, adjusting their metabolism and behavior to the day-night cycle. The angiosperm Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) represents a well-studied circadian clock model. Several molecular components of its oscillatory machinery are conserved in other Chloroplastida, but their functions may differ. Conserved clock components include at least one member of the CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1/REVEILLE and one of the PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR family. The Arabidopsis evening complex members EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), ELF4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO are found in the moss Physcomitrium patens and in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. In the flagellate chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, only homologs of ELF4 and LUX (named RHYTHM OF CHLOROPLAST ROC75) are present. Temporal ROC75 expression in C. reinhardtii is opposite to that of the angiosperm LUX, suggesting different clock mechanisms. In the picoalga Ostreococcus tauri, both ELF genes are missing, suggesting that it has a progenitor circadian "green" clock. Clock-relevant photoreceptors and thermosensors vary within the green lineage, except for the CRYPTOCHROMEs, whose variety and functions may differ. More genetically tractable models of Chloroplastida are needed to draw final conclusions about the gradual evolution of circadian clocks within the green lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petersen
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Anxhela Rredhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Julie Szyttenholm
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Maria Mittag
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
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3
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Michael TP. Core circadian clock and light signaling genes brought into genetic linkage across the green lineage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1037-1056. [PMID: 35674369 PMCID: PMC9516744 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is conserved at both the level of transcriptional networks as well as core genes in plants, ensuring that biological processes are phased to the correct time of day. In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the core circadian SHAQKYF-type-MYB (sMYB) genes CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and REVEILLE (RVE4) show genetic linkage with PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 9 (PRR9) and PRR7, respectively. Leveraging chromosome-resolved plant genomes and syntenic ortholog analysis enabled tracing this genetic linkage back to Amborella trichopoda, a sister lineage to the angiosperm, and identifying an additional evolutionarily conserved genetic linkage in light signaling genes. The LHY/CCA1-PRR5/9, RVE4/8-PRR3/7, and PIF3-PHYA genetic linkages emerged in the bryophyte lineage and progressively moved within several genes of each other across an array of angiosperm families representing distinct whole-genome duplication and fractionation events. Soybean (Glycine max) maintained all but two genetic linkages, and expression analysis revealed the PIF3-PHYA linkage overlapping with the E4 maturity group locus was the only pair to robustly cycle with an evening phase, in contrast to the sMYB-PRR morning and midday phase. While most monocots maintain the genetic linkages, they have been lost in the economically important grasses (Poaceae), such as maize (Zea mays), where the genes have been fractionated to separate chromosomes and presence/absence variation results in the segregation of PRR7 paralogs across heterotic groups. The environmental robustness model is put forward, suggesting that evolutionarily conserved genetic linkages ensure superior microhabitat pollinator synchrony, while wide-hybrids or unlinking the genes, as seen in the grasses, result in heterosis, adaptation, and colonization of new ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd P Michael
- The Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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4
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Falcón J, Torriglia A, Attia D, Viénot F, Gronfier C, Behar-Cohen F, Martinsons C, Hicks D. Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:602796. [PMID: 33304237 PMCID: PMC7701298 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.602796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue the effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview of the tremendous variety of light-detection strategies which have evolved in living organisms - unicellular, plants and animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), and the plethora of ocular and extra-ocular organs (animals). We describe the visual pigments which permit photo-detection, paying attention to their spectral characteristics, which extend from the ultraviolet into infrared. We discuss how organisms use light information in a way crucial for their development, growth and survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, and synchronization of circadian clocks. These aspects are treated in depth, as their perturbation underlies much of the disruptive effects of ALAN. The review goes into detail on circadian networks in living organisms, since these fundamental features are of critical importance in regulating the interface between environment and body. Especially, hormonal synthesis and secretion are often under circadian and circannual control, hence perturbation of the clock will lead to hormonal imbalance. The review addresses how the ubiquitous introduction of light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or in some cases reduce, the generalized ever-increasing light pollution. Numerous examples are given of how widespread exposure to ALAN is perturbing many aspects of plant and animal behaviour and survival: foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization and more. We examine the potential problems at the level of individual species and populations and extend the debate to the consequences for ecosystems. We stress, through a few examples, the synergistic harmful effects resulting from the impacts of ALAN combined with other anthropogenic pressures, which often impact the neuroendocrine loops in vertebrates. The article concludes by debating how these anthropogenic changes could be mitigated by more reasonable use of available technology - for example by restricting illumination to more essential areas and hours, directing lighting to avoid wasteful radiation and selecting spectral emissions, to reduce impact on circadian clocks. We end by discussing how society should take into account the potentially major consequences that ALAN has on the natural world and the repercussions for ongoing human health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Falcón
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS FRE 2030, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Ophtalmopole Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris - SU, Paris, France
| | - Dina Attia
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Claude Gronfier
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Waking Team, Inserm UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Ophtalmopole Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris - SU, Paris, France
| | | | - David Hicks
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Farré EM. The brown clock: circadian rhythms in stramenopiles. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:430-441. [PMID: 32274814 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks allow organisms to anticipate environmental changes associated with the diurnal light/dark cycle. Circadian oscillators have been described in plants and green algae, cyanobacteria, animals and fungi, however, little is known about the circadian clocks of photosynthetic eukaryotes outside the green lineage. Stramenopiles are a diverse group of secondary endosymbionts whose plastid originated from a red alga. Photosynthetic stramenopiles, which include diatoms and brown algae, play key roles in biogeochemical cycles and are important components of marine ecosystems. Genome annotation efforts indicated the presence of a novel type of oscillator in these organisms and the first circadian clock component in a stramenopile has been recently discovered. This review summarizes the phenotypic characterization of circadian rhythms in stramenopiles and current efforts to determine the mechanisms of this 'brown clock'. The elucidation of this brown clock will enable a deeper understanding of the role of self-sustained oscillations in the adaptation to life in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Farré
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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6
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Xu T, Yuan J, Hiltbrunner A. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs in the moss Physcomitrella patens regulate light-controlled gene expression. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:467-479. [PMID: 32447760 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes are red and far-red light receptors in plants that control growth and development in response to changes in the environment. Light-activated phytochromes enter the nucleus and act on a set of downstream signalling components to regulate gene expression. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors and directly bind to light-activated phytochromes. Potential homologues of PIFs have been identified in ferns, bryophytes and streptophyte algae, and it has been shown that the potential PIF homologues from Physcomitrella patens, PIF1 to PIF4, have PIF function when expressed in Arabidopsis. However, their function in Physcomitrella is still unknown. Seed plant PIFs bind to G-box-containing promoters and, therefore, we searched the Physcomitrella genome for genes that contain G-boxes in their promoter. Here, we show that Physcomitrella PIFs activate these promoters in a G-box-dependent manner, suggesting that they could be direct PIF targets. Furthermore, we generated Physcomitrella pif1, pif2, pif3 and pif4 knock out mutant lines and quantified the expression of potential PIF direct target genes. The expression of these genes was generally reduced in pif mutants compared to the wildtype, but for several genes, the relative induction upon a short light treatment was higher in pif mutants than the wildtype. In contrast, expression of these genes was strongly repressed in continuous light, and pif mutants showed partial downregulation of these genes in the dark. Thus, the overall function of PIFs in light-regulated gene expression might be an ancient property of PIFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xu
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinhong Yuan
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiltbrunner
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
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7
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Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular organisms that act as the crucial primary producers all over the world, typically found in marine and freshwater environments. Most of them can live photo-autotrophically, reproduce rapidly, and accumulate biomass in a short period efficiently. To adapt to the uninterrupted change of the environment, they evolve and differentiate continuously. As a result, some of them evolve special abilities such as toleration of extreme environment, generation of sophisticated structure to adapt to the environment, and avoid predators. Microalgae are believed to be promising bioreactors because of their high lipid and pigment contents. Genetic engineering technologies have given revolutions in the microalgal industry, which decoded the secrets of microalgal genes, express recombinant genes in microalgal genomes, and largely soar the accumulation of interested components in transgenic microalgae. However, owing to several obstructions, the industry of transgenic microalgae is still immature. Here, we provide an overview to emphasize the advantage and imperfection of the existing transgenic microalgal bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cong Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Li W, Flores DC, Füßel J, Euteneuer J, Dathe H, Zou Y, Weisheit W, Wagner V, Petersen J, Mittag M. A Musashi Splice Variant and Its Interaction Partners Influence Temperature Acclimation in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1489-1506. [PMID: 30301774 PMCID: PMC6288751 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae contribute significantly to carbon fixation on Earth. Global warming influences their physiology and growth rates. To understand algal short-term acclimation and adaptation to changes in ambient temperature, it is essential to identify and characterize the molecular components that sense small temperature changes as well as the downstream signaling networks and physiological responses. Here, we used the green biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system in which to study responses to temperature. We report that an RNA recognition motif (RRM)-containing RNA-binding protein, Musashi, occurs in 25 putative splice variants. These variants bear one, two, and three RRM domains or even lack RRM domains. The most abundant Musashi variant, 12, with a molecular mass of 60 kD, interacts with two clock-relevant members of RNA metabolism, the subunit C3 of the RNA-binding protein CHLAMY1 and the 5'-3' exoribonuclease XRN1. These proteins are able to integrate temperature information by up- or down-regulation of their protein levels in cells grown at low (18°C) or high (28°C) temperature. We further show that the 60-kD Musashi variants with three RRM domains can bind to (UG)7 repeat-containing RNAs and are up-regulated in cells grown at a higher temperature during early night. Intriguingly, the 60-kD Musashi variant 12, as well as C3 and XRN1, confer thermal acclimation to C. reinhardtii, as shown with mutant lines. Our data suggest that these three proteins of the RNA metabolism machinery are key members of the thermal signaling network in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Li
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David Carrasco Flores
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Juliane Füßel
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Euteneuer
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hannes Dathe
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yong Zou
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfram Weisheit
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Wagner
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Petersen
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Mittag
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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9
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Molino JVD, de Carvalho JCM, Mayfield S. Evaluation of secretion reporters to microalgae biotechnology: Blue to red fluorescent proteins. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Weiss J, Terry MI, Martos-Fuentes M, Letourneux L, Ruiz-Hernández V, Fernández JA, Egea-Cortines M. Diel pattern of circadian clock and storage protein gene expression in leaves and during seed filling in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:33. [PMID: 29444635 PMCID: PMC5813328 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important source of protein supply for animal and human nutrition. The major storage globulins VICILIN and LEGUMIN (LEG) are synthesized from several genes including LEGA, LEGB, LEGJ and CVC (CONVICILIN). The current hypothesis is that the plant circadian core clock genes are conserved in a wide array of species and that primary metabolism is to a large extent controlled by the plant circadian clock. Our aim was to investigate a possible link between gene expression of storage proteins and the circadian clock. RESULTS We identified cowpea orthologues of the core clock genes VunLHY, VunTOC1, VunGI and VunELF3, the protein storage genes VunLEG, VunLEGJ, and VunCVC as well as nine candidate reference genes used in RT-PCR. ELONGATION FACTOR 1-A (ELF1A) resulted the most suitable reference gene. The clock genes VunELF3, VunGI, VunTOC1 and VunLHY showed a rhythmic expression profile in leaves with a typical evening/night and morning/midday phased expression. The diel patterns were not completely robust and only VungGI and VungELF3 retained a rhythmic pattern under free running conditions of darkness. Under field conditions, rhythmicity and phasing apparently faded during early pod and seed development and was regained in ripening pods for VunTOC1 and VunLHY. Mature seeds showed a rhythmic expression of VunGI resembling leaf tissue under controlled growth chamber conditions. Comparing time windows during developmental stages we found that VunCVC and VunLEG were significantly down regulated during the night in mature pods as compared to intermediate ripe pods, while changes in seeds were non-significant due to high variance. The rhythmic expression under field conditions was lost under growth chamber conditions. CONCLUSIONS The core clock gene network is conserved in cowpea leaves showing a robust diel expression pattern except VunELF3 under growth chamber conditions. There appears to be a clock transcriptional reprogramming in pods and seeds compared to leaves. Storage protein deposition may be circadian regulated under field conditions but the strong environmental signals are not met under artificial growth conditions. Diel expression pattern in field conditions may result in better usage of energy for protein storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weiss
- Genetics, ETSIA, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Marta I Terry
- Genetics, ETSIA, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Marina Martos-Fuentes
- Genetics, ETSIA, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Lisa Letourneux
- Mapping Consulting, 26 Rue St Antoine du T, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Victoria Ruiz-Hernández
- Genetics, ETSIA, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan A Fernández
- Producción Vegetal, ETSIA, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Marcos Egea-Cortines
- Genetics, ETSIA, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
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11
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Wagner V, Mittag M. Growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under Circadian Conditions. Bio Protoc 2018. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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12
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Serrano-Bueno G, Romero-Campero FJ, Lucas-Reina E, Romero JM, Valverde F. Evolution of photoperiod sensing in plants and algae. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:10-17. [PMID: 28391047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Measuring day length confers a strong fitness improvement to photosynthetic organisms as it allows them to anticipate light phases and take the best decisions preceding diurnal transitions. In close association with signals from the circadian clock and the photoreceptors, photoperiodic sensing constitutes also a precise way to determine the passing of the seasons and to take annual decisions such as the best time to flower or the beginning of dormancy. Photoperiodic sensing in photosynthetic organisms is ancient and two major stages in its evolution could be identified, the cyanobacterial time sensing and the evolutionary tool kit that arose in green algae and developed into the photoperiodic system of modern plants. The most recent discoveries about the evolution of the perception of light, measurement of day length and relationship with the circadian clock along the evolution of the eukaryotic green lineage will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serrano-Bueno
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Romero-Campero
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Lucas-Reina
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M Romero
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Valverde
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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13
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Kinoshita A, Niwa Y, Onai K, Yamano T, Fukuzawa H, Ishiura M, Matsuo T. CSL encodes a leucine-rich-repeat protein implicated in red/violet light signaling to the circadian clock in Chlamydomonas. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006645. [PMID: 28333924 PMCID: PMC5363811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii shows various light responses in behavior and physiology. One such photoresponse is the circadian clock, which can be reset by external light signals to entrain its oscillation to daily environmental cycles. In a previous report, we suggested that a light-induced degradation of the clock protein ROC15 is a trigger to reset the circadian clock in Chlamydomonas. However, light signaling pathways of this process remained unclear. Here, we screened for mutants that show abnormal ROC15 diurnal rhythms, including the light-induced protein degradation at dawn, using a luciferase fusion reporter. In one mutant, ROC15 degradation and phase resetting of the circadian clock by light were impaired. Interestingly, the impairments were observed in response to red and violet light, but not to blue light. We revealed that an uncharacterized gene encoding a protein similar to RAS-signaling-related leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins is responsible for the mutant phenotypes. Our results indicate that a previously uncharacterized red/violet light signaling pathway is involved in the phase resetting of circadian clock in Chlamydomonas. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is used as a model system in many biological researches. Although blue light responses of this alga (e.g., phototaxis) are well known and well characterized, far less is understood about responses to other wavelengths. One such photoresponse is the circadian clock, which can be reset by various wavelengths of light, ranging from violet to red, to entrain its oscillation to daily environmental cycles. In this study, we identified a gene responsible for red and violet light responses of the circadian clock by a forward genetic screen. Our results shed light on a previously unrecognized red/violet light signaling pathway in green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kinoshita
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Niwa
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Onai
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishiura
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuo
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Huang H, Nusinow DA. Into the Evening: Complex Interactions in the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock. Trends Genet 2016; 32:674-686. [PMID: 27594171 DOI: 10.1101/068460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana an assembly of proteins named the evening complex (EC) has been established as an essential component of the circadian clock with conserved functions in regulating plant growth and development. Recent studies identifying EC-regulated genes and EC-interacting proteins have expanded our understanding of EC function. In this review we focus on new progress uncovering how the EC contributes to the circadian network through the integration of environmental inputs and the direct regulation of key clock genes. We also summarize new findings of how the EC directly regulates clock outputs, such as photoperiodic and thermoresponsive growth, and provide new perspectives on future experiments to address unsolved questions related to the EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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15
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Huang H, Nusinow DA. Into the Evening: Complex Interactions in the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock. Trends Genet 2016; 32:674-686. [PMID: 27594171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana an assembly of proteins named the evening complex (EC) has been established as an essential component of the circadian clock with conserved functions in regulating plant growth and development. Recent studies identifying EC-regulated genes and EC-interacting proteins have expanded our understanding of EC function. In this review we focus on new progress uncovering how the EC contributes to the circadian network through the integration of environmental inputs and the direct regulation of key clock genes. We also summarize new findings of how the EC directly regulates clock outputs, such as photoperiodic and thermoresponsive growth, and provide new perspectives on future experiments to address unsolved questions related to the EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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