1
|
Zhou H, Hua J, Li H, Song X, Luo S. Structurally diverse specialized metabolites of maize and their extensive biological functions. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36745523 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maize originated in southern Mexico and various hybrid varieties have been bred during domestication. All maize tissues are rich in specialized plant metabolites (SPMs), which allow the plants to resist the stresses of herbivores and pathogens or environmental factors. To date, a total of 95 terpenoids, 91 phenolics, 31 alkaloids, and 6 other types of compounds have been identified from maize. Certain volatile sesquiterpenes released by maize plants attract the natural enemies of maize herbivores and provide an indirect defensive function. Kauralexins and dolabralexins are the most abundant diterpenoids in maize and are known to regulate and stabilize the maize rhizosphere microbial community. Benzoxazinoids and benzoxazolinones are the main alkaloids in maize and are found in maize plants at the highest concentrations at the seedling stage. These two kinds of alkaloids directly resist herbivory and pathogenic infection. Phenolics enhance the cross-links between maize cell walls. Meanwhile, SPMs also regulate plant-plant relationships. In conclusion, SPMs in maize show a large diversity of chemical structures and broad-spectrum biological activities. We use these to provide ideas and information to enable the improvement of maize resistances through breeding and to promote the rapid development of the maize industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Hua
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongdi Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xinyu Song
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hama JR, Hooshmand K, Laursen BB, Vestergård M, Fomsgaard IS. Clover Root Uptake of Cereal Benzoxazinoids (BXs) Caused Accumulation of BXs and BX Transformation Products Concurrently with Substantial Increments in Clover Flavonoids and Abscisic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14633-14640. [PMID: 36350751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic studies on root uptake and transformation of bioactive compounds, like cereal benzoxazinoids (BXs) in non-BX producing plants, are very limited. Therefore, a targeted mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics study was performed to elucidate the root uptake of BXs in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and the impact of absorbed BXs on intrinsic clover secondary metabolites. Clover plants grew in a medium containing 100 μM of individual BXs (five aglycone and one glycoside BXs) for 3 weeks. Subsequently, plant tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the BXs and clover secondary metabolite concentrations. All BXs were taken up by clover roots and translocated to the shoots. Upon uptake of 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA), 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA), and 2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (HBOA-glc), the parent compounds and a range of transformation products were seen in the roots and shoots. The individual BX concentrations ranged from not detected (nd) to 469 μg/g of dry weight (dw) and from nd to 170 μg/g of dw in the roots and shoots, respectively. The root uptake of BXs altered the composition of intrinsic clover secondary metabolites. In particular, the concentration of flavonoids and the hormone abscisic acid increased substantially in comparison to control plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawameer R Hama
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Kourosh Hooshmand
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bente B Laursen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laschke L, Schütz V, Schackow O, Sicker D, Hennig L, Hofmann D, Dörmann P, Schulz M. Survival of Plants During Short-Term BOA-OH Exposure: ROS Related Gene Expression and Detoxification Reactions Are Accompanied With Fast Membrane Lipid Repair in Root Tips. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:219-239. [PMID: 34988771 PMCID: PMC8881443 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the characterization of BOA-OH insensitive plants, we studied the time-dependent effects of the benzoxazolinone-4/5/6/7-OH isomers on maize roots. Exposure of Zea mays seedlings to 0.5 mM BOA-OH elicits root zone-specific reactions by the formation of dark rings and spots in the zone of lateral roots, high catalase activity on root hairs, and no visible defense reaction at the root tip. We studied BOA-6-OH- short-term effects on membrane lipids and fatty acids in maize root tips in comparison to the benzoxazinone-free species Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Decreased contents of phosphatidylinositol in A. theophrasti and phosphatidylcholine in maize were found after 10-30 min. In the youngest tissue, α-linoleic acid (18:2), decreased considerably in both species and recovered within one hr. Disturbances in membrane phospholipid contents were balanced in both species within 30-60 min. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) were also affected, but levels of maize diacylglycerols (DAGs) were almost unchanged, suggesting a release of fatty acids for membrane lipid regeneration from TAGs while resulting DAGs are buildings blocks for phospholipid reconstitution, concomitant with BOA-6-OH glucosylation. Expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and of ER-bound oleoyl desaturase (FAD2-2) genes were contemporaneously up regulated in contrast to the catalase CAT1, while CAT3 was arguably involved at a later stage of the detoxification process. Immuno-responses were not elicited in short-terms, since the expression of NPR1, POX12 were barely affected, PR4 after 6 h with BOA-4/7-OH and PR1 after 24 h with BOA-5/6-OH. The rapid membrane recovery, reactive oxygen species, and allelochemical detoxification may be characteristic for BOA-OH insensitive plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Laschke
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vadim Schütz
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Schackow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institut Für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dieter Sicker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institut Für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lothar Hennig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institut Für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Hofmann
- IBG-3: Agrosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Margot Schulz
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abramov A, Hoffmann T, Stark TD, Zheng L, Lenk S, Hammerl R, Lanzl T, Dawid C, Schön CC, Schwab W, Gierl A, Frey M. Engineering of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana: Metabolic and physiological challenges. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 192:112947. [PMID: 34534712 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialised metabolites constitute a layer of chemical defence. Classes of the defence compounds are often restricted to a certain taxon of plants, e.g. benzoxazinoids (BX) are characteristically detected in grasses. BXs confer wide-range defence by controlling herbivores and microbial pathogens and are allelopathic compounds. In the crops maize, wheat and rye high concentrations of BXs are synthesised at an early developmental stage. By transfer of six Bx-genes (Bx1 to Bx5 and Bx8) it was possible to establish the biosynthesis of 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside (GDIBOA) in a concentration of up to 143 nmol/g dry weight in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results indicate that inefficient channeling of substrates along the pathway and metabolisation of intermediates in host plants might be a general drawback for transgenic establishment of specialised metabolite biosynthesis pathways. As a consequence, BX levels required for defence are not obtained in Arabidopsis. We could show that indolin-2-one (ION), the first specific intermediate, is phytotoxic and is metabolised by hydroxylation and glycosylation by a wide spectrum of plants. In Arabidopsis, metabolic stress due to the enrichment of ION leads to elevated levels of salicylic acid (SA) and in addition to its intrinsic phytotoxicity, ION affects plant morphology indirectly via SA. We could show that Bx3 has a crucial role in the evolution of the pathway, first based on its impact on flux into the pathway and, second by C3-hydroxylation of the phytotoxic ION. Thereby BX3 interferes with a supposedly generic detoxification system towards the non-specific intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksej Abramov
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckman Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Associate Professorship of Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Chair of Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Lenk
- Chair of Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Richard Hammerl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Lanzl
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckman Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Chris-Carolin Schön
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckman Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Associate Professorship of Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Alfons Gierl
- Chair of Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Monika Frey
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckman Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu X, Zhou ZY, Cui JL, Wang ML, Wang JH. Biotransformation ability of endophytic fungi: from species evolution to industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7095-7113. [PMID: 34499202 PMCID: PMC8426592 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Increased understanding of the interactions between endophytic fungi and plants has led to the discovery of a new generation of chemical compounds and processes between endophytic fungi and plants. Due to the long-term co-evolution between fungal endophytes and host plants, endophytes have evolved special biotransformation abilities, which can have critical consequences on plant metabolic processes and their composition. Biotransformation or bioconversion can impact the synthesis and decomposition of hormones, sugars, amino acids, vitamins, lipids, proteins, and various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polysaccharides, and terpenes. Endophytic fungi produce enzymes and various bioactive secondary metabolites with industrial value and can degrade or sequester inorganic and organic small molecules and macromolecules (e.g., toxins, pollutants, heavy metals). These fungi also have the ability to cause highly selective catalytic conversion of high-value compounds in an environmentally friendly manner, which can be important for the production/innovation of bioactive molecules, food and nutrition, agriculture, and environment. This work mainly summarized recent research progress in this field, providing a reference for further research and application of fungal endophytes. Key points •The industrial value of degradation of endophytes was summarized. • The commercial value for the pharmaceutical industry is reviewed. Graphical abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhong-Ya Zhou
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin-Long Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Meng-Liang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Hong Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Macías FA, Mejías FJ, Molinillo JM. Recent advances in allelopathy for weed control: from knowledge to applications. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2413-2436. [PMID: 30684299 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is the biological phenomenon of chemical interactions between living organisms in the ecosystem, and must be taken into account in addressing pest and weed problems in future sustainable agriculture. Allelopathy is a multidisciplinary science, but in some cases, aspects of its chemistry are overlooked, despite the need for a deep knowledge of the chemical structural characteristics of allelochemicals to facilitate the design of new herbicides. This review is focused on the most important advances in allelopathy, paying particular attention to the design and development of phenolic compounds, terpenoids and alkaloids as herbicides. The isolation of allelochemicals is mainly addressed, but other aspects such as the analysis and activities of derivatives or analogs are also covered. Furthermore, the use of allelopathy in the fight against parasitic plants is included. The past 12 years have been a prolific period for publications on allelopathy. This critical review discusses future research areas in this field and the state of the art is analyzed from the chemist's perspective. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Jr Mejías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Mg Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schütz V, Bigler L, Girel S, Laschke L, Sicker D, Schulz M. Conversions of Benzoxazinoids and Downstream Metabolites by Soil Microorganisms. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
8
|
de Bruijn WJC, Gruppen H, Vincken JP. Structure and biosynthesis of benzoxazinoids: Plant defence metabolites with potential as antimicrobial scaffolds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 155:233-243. [PMID: 30218957 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids, comprising the classes of benzoxazinones and benzoxazolinones, are a set of specialised metabolites produced by the plant family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae), and some dicots. The family Poaceae in particular contains several important crops like maize and wheat. Benzoxazinoids play a role in allelopathy and as defence compounds against (micro)biological threats. The effectivity of benzoxazinones in these functionalities is largely imposed by the subclasses (determined by N substituent). In this review, we provide an overview of all currently known natural benzoxazinoids and a summary of the current state of knowledge of their biosynthesis. We also evaluated their antimicrobial activity based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values reported in literature. Monomeric natural benzoxazinoids seem to lack potency as antimicrobial agents. The 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one backbone, however, has been shown to be a potential scaffold for designing new antimicrobial compounds. This has been demonstrated by a number of studies that report potent activity of synthetic derivatives of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, which possess MIC values down to 6.25 μg mL-1 against pathogenic fungi (e.g. C. albicans) and 16 μg mL-1 against bacteria (e.g. S. aureus and E. coli). Observations on the structural requirements for allelopathy, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activity suggest that they are not necessarily conferred by similar mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J C de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Plant Protection by Benzoxazinoids—Recent Insights into Biosynthesis and Function. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are secondary metabolites present in many Poaceae including the major crops maize, wheat, and rye. In contrast to other potentially toxic secondary metabolites, BXs have not been targets of counter selection during breeding and the effect of BXs on insects, microbes, and neighbouring plants has been recognised. A broad knowledge about the mode of action and metabolisation in target organisms including herbivorous insects, aphids, and plants has been gathered in the last decades. BX biosynthesis has been elucidated on a molecular level in crop cereals. Recent advances, mainly made by investigations in maize, uncovered a significant diversity in the composition of BXs within one species. The pattern can be specific for single plant lines and dynamic changes triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses were observed. Single BXs might be toxic, repelling, attractive, and even growth-promoting for insects, depending on the particular species. BXs delivered into the soil influence plant and microbial communities. Furthermore, BXs can possibly be used as signalling molecules within the plant. In this review we intend to give an overview of the current data on the biosynthesis, structure, and function of BXs, beyond their characterisation as mere phytotoxins.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nogueira-Lopez G, Greenwood DR, Middleditch M, Winefield C, Eaton C, Steyaert JM, Mendoza-Mendoza A. The Apoplastic Secretome of Trichoderma virens During Interaction With Maize Roots Shows an Inhibition of Plant Defence and Scavenging Oxidative Stress Secreted Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:409. [PMID: 29675028 PMCID: PMC5896443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In Nature, almost every plant is colonized by fungi. Trichoderma virens is a biocontrol fungus which has the capacity to behave as an opportunistic plant endophyte. Even though many plants are colonized by this symbiont, the exact mechanisms by which Trichoderma masks its entrance into its plant host remain unknown, but likely involve the secretion of different families of proteins into the apoplast that may play crucial roles in the suppression of plant immune responses. In this study, we investigated T. virens colonization of maize roots under hydroponic conditions, evidencing inter- and intracellular colonization by the fungus and modifications in root morphology and coloration. Moreover, we show that upon host penetration, T. virens secretes into the apoplast an arsenal of proteins to facilitate inter- and intracellular colonization of maize root tissues. Using a gel-free shotgun proteomics approach, 95 and 43 secretory proteins were identified from maize and T. virens, respectively. A reduction in the maize secretome (36%) was induced by T. virens, including two major groups, glycosyl hydrolases and peroxidases. Furthermore, T. virens secreted proteins were mainly involved in cell wall hydrolysis, scavenging of reactive oxygen species and secondary metabolism, as well as putative effector-like proteins. Levels of peroxidase activity were reduced in the inoculated roots, suggesting a strategy used by T. virens to manipulate host immune responses. The results provide an insight into the crosstalk in the apoplast which is essential to maintain the T. virens-plant interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Greenwood
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Middleditch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Winefield
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Carla Eaton
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, New Zealand and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schulz M, Sicker D, Schackow O, Hennig L, Yurkov A, Siebers M, Hofmann D, Disko U, Ganimede C, Mondani L, Tabaglio V, Marocco A. Interspecies-cooperations of abutilon theophrasti with root colonizing microorganisms disarm BOA-OH allelochemicals. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1358843. [PMID: 28786736 PMCID: PMC5616163 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1358843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A facultative, microbial micro-community colonizing roots of Abutilon theophrasti Medik. supports the plant in detoxifying hydroxylated benzoxazolinones. The root micro-community is composed of several fungi and bacteria with Actinomucor elegans as a dominant species. The yeast Papiliotrema baii and the bacterium Pantoea ananatis are actively involved in the detoxification of hydroxylated benzoxazolinones by generating H2O2. At the root surface, laccases, peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases cooperate for initiating polymerization reactions, whereby enzyme combinations seem to differ depending on the hydroxylation position of BOA-OHs. A glucosyltransferase, able to glucosylate the natural benzoxazolinone detoxification intermediates BOA-5- and BOA-6-OH, is thought to reduce oxidative overshoots by damping BOA-OH induced H2O2 generation. Due to this detoxification network, growth of Abutilon theophrasti seedlings is not suppressed by BOA-OHs. Polymer coats have no negative influence. Alternatively, quickly degradable 6-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one can be produced by the micro-community member Pantoea ananatis at the root surfaces. The results indicate that Abutilon theophrasti has evolved an efficient strategy by recruiting soil microorganisms with special abilities for different detoxification reactions which are variable and may be triggered by the allelochemical´s structure and by environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Schulz
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Sicker
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Schackow
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lothar Hennig
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrey Yurkov
- DSMZ Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Meike Siebers
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Hofmann
- IBG-3: Agrossphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Disko
- IBG-3: Agrossphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Cristina Ganimede
- Institute of Agronomy, Genetics and Field Crops, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Letizia Mondani
- Institute of Agronomy, Genetics and Field Crops, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Institute of Agronomy, Genetics and Field Crops, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Adriano Marocco
- Institute of Agronomy, Genetics and Field Crops, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|