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Hamada R, Funasaka Y, Saeki H, Serizawa N, Hagino T, Yano Y, Mitsui H, Kanda N. Dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with vitiligo. J Dermatol 2024; 51:491-508. [PMID: 38421796 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease with acquired depigmentation. Dietary habits may modulate the pathogenesis of vitiligo. We evaluated dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with nonsegmental vitiligo, and compared their results with those of age- and sex-matched controls. We also examined the relationship between dietary habits and Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), or vitiligo on different anatomical sites. The intakes of energy, nutrients, and foods in the participants were analyzed using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Patients with vitiligo showed higher body mass index (BMI) and lower intakes of manganese, vitamin D, pulses, and confection, compared with controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that vitiligo was associated with high BMI. VASI was higher in males than in females, and negatively correlated with age or intakes of potatoes and vegetables other than green/yellow vegetables. Linear multivariate regression analysis showed that high VASI was associated with younger age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that moderate to severe vitiligo (VASI ≥ 4.25) was associated with male sex and longer disease duration. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the following association with vitiligo on respective anatomical sites: high intake of eggs and dairy products and high VASI on the head or neck, high intake of oils and fats and high VASI on the trunk, high intake of cereals and high VASI on the upper limbs, male sex and high VASI on the lower limbs, and high BMI and high VASI on the hands or feet. In conclusion, the control of obesity might have prophylactic or therapeutic effects on vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Funasaka
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotaka Serizawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | - Teppei Hagino
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
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Maunder K, Molloy E, Jenkins E, Hayden J, Adamis D, McNicholas F. Anorexia Nervosa in vivo cytokine production: a systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106390. [PMID: 37769539 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The underlying psychobiology that contributes to Anorexia Nervosa (AN) onset and disease progression remains unclear. New research is emerging suggesting a possible link between inflammation and a variety of mental illnesses. Alterations of cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of AN. Some studies have found differences in the cytokine profile of those with AN compared to healthy controls, but results are heterogeneous. The aim of this work was to systematically review existing studies investigating in-vivo cytokine production in those with AN before and after weight restoration compared to controls. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of four electronic databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, EMBASE and CINAH) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify human in-vivo studies investigating the relationship between AN and cytokine production. Data extracted from included studies related to population characteristics (e.g. age, gender, mean mBMI/%IBW), cytokine measurement and relevant findings. Confounding factors (e.g. smoking status, co-morbid mental illness, menstruation status) were also collected. RESULTS 36 studies were eligible for this systematic review of which the majority were conducted in Europe (77.8%) and involved female subjects (97.2%). Those with AN ranged in age from 13 to 47 years and had an illness duration of 3 months to 24 years. 15 candidate cytokines and 3 receptors were identified (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1B, CRP, IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-R2, IL-1 α, IL-15, TNF-R1, IL-17, IL-18, TGF-B1, IL-12, IL-6R and TGF-B2) exploring in-vivo levels in patients with AN and comparing to controls. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were the most extensively studied with IL-6 being significantly elevated in 4 out of 8 (50%) of longitudinal studies when comparing AN patients at baseline compared to post weight restoration. Following weight restoration, there was no difference in IL-6 levels when comparing to HC in 7 of 8 (87.5%) longitudinal studies examined. CONCLUSIONS The most promising cytokine potentially involved in the pathogenesis of AN appears to be IL-6, and possibly TNF-alpha pathways. The heterogeneity of clinical and methodology factors impedes the generalizability of results. Future studies may wish to address these methodological shortcomings as alterations in cytokine levels in AN could act as therapeutic targets assisting with weight restoration and psychopathology and may offer diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maunder
- University College Dublin, Ireland; Children's Health Ireland - Crumlin Hospital, Ireland; Lucena Clinic, St. John of God Community Services, Ireland.
| | - E Molloy
- Children's Health Ireland - Crumlin Hospital, Ireland; Children's Health Ireland - Tallaght Hospital, Ireland; Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Jenkins
- Children's Health Ireland - Temple Street Hospital, Ireland
| | - J Hayden
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Ireland
| | - D Adamis
- National University of Galway, Ireland
| | - F McNicholas
- University College Dublin, Ireland; Children's Health Ireland - Crumlin Hospital, Ireland; Lucena Clinic, St. John of God Community Services, Ireland
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Specht HE, Mannig N, Belheouane M, Andreani NA, Tenbrock K, Biemann R, Borucki K, Dahmen B, Dempfle A, Baines JF, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J. Lower serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their association with gut microbiota in a longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:920665. [PMID: 36061277 PMCID: PMC9433656 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an often chronic and debilitating psychiatric disease whose etiology is not completely understood. Recently, a potential role of inflammation has emerged in other psychiatric diseases, such as depression, PTSD and schizophrenia. The first results in adults with AN seemed to confirm a low-grade proinflammatory state until recent studies presented more differential findings. Studying adolescents with a shorter illness duration and fewer confounding factors might help elucidate the role of inflammation in the underlying pathophysiology of AN; however, the few available studies in adolescents remain ambiguous, and no longitudinal data are available in this age range. METHODS We examined the proinflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-15, and the cytokine-receptor IL-6 Receptor alpha (IL-6 Rα) in the serum of twenty-two hospitalized female adolescent patients with AN longitudinally at admission and discharge and compared their results to nineteen healthy controls (HC). We also collected clinical data and stool samples that were analyzed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore potential influencing factors of cytokine changes. RESULTS TNF-α serum levels were significantly elevated in patients with AN at admission, while IL-1β and IL-6 levels were lower at admission and discharge than in HC. After treatment, we also found significantly elevated levels of IL-6 Rα compared to HC, while IL-15 did not show significant changes. Exploratory analyses revealed positive associations of cytokine and genus-level changes between admission and discharge for IL-1β (Bacteroides) and IL-15 (Romboutsia), and negative associations for IL-15 (Anaerostipes) and TNF-α (uncultured Lachnospiraceae). CONCLUSION We confirmed a previous finding of elevated levels of TNF-α also in adolescents with AN; however, the reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels differed from the mostly increased levels found in adults. A mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory state appears to be present in adolescents, potentially due to their shorter illness duration. The gut microbiota, with its regulatory function on cytokine production, might play a role in mediating these inflammatory processes in AN and could offer targets for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Specht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Mannig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Meriem Belheouane
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, IZKF Aachen, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Increased plasma asprosin levels in patients with drug-naive anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:313-321. [PMID: 32026376 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Asprosin is a centrally acting appetite-promoting hormone and promotes glucose production in the liver. This study is the first to investigate the difference in asprosin in the plasma between anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls, and to explore the relationship between asprosin changes and plasma glucose levels and AN symptoms. METHODS Plasma asprosin and glucose concentrations were detected in AN patients (n = 46) and healthy control subjects (n = 47). Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) was used to assess subjects' eating disorder symptoms and related personality traits. The patient's concomitant levels of depression and anxiety were also measured using the beck depression inventory and beck anxiety inventory, respectively. RESULTS Results indicate that AN patients had a higher asprosin concentration in their plasma compared to healthy controls (p = 0.033). Among AN patients, plasma asprosin levels correlated positively with EDI-2 interoceptive awareness subscale score (p = 0.030) and negatively with duration of illness (p = 0.036). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that increases in asprosin levels (p = 0.029), glucose levels (p = 0.024) and body mass index (p = 0.003) were associated with an increase of the score of EDI-2 bulimia subscale. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the increase in plasma asprosin concentration in patients with AN may be a compensation for the body's energy shortage, and asprosin may be involved in the development of bulimia and lack of interoceptive awareness in AN patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Role of Neuroendocrine, Immune, and Autonomic Nervous System in Anorexia Nervosa-Linked Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197302. [PMID: 33023273 PMCID: PMC7582625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa represents a severe mental disorder associated with food avoidance and malnutrition. In patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular complications are the main reason leading to morbidity and mortality. However, the origin and pathological mechanisms leading to higher cardiovascular risk in anorexia nervosa are still unclear. In this aspect, the issue of exact pathological mechanisms as well as sensitive biomarkers for detection of anorexia nervosa-linked cardiovascular risk are discussed. Therefore, this review synthesised recent evidence of dysfunction in multiple neuroendocrine axes and alterations in the immune system that may represent anorexia nervosa-linked pathological mechanisms contributing to complex cardiovascular dysregulation. Further, this review is focused on identification of non-invasive biomarkers for the assessment of increased cardiovascular risk in anorexia nervosa that can be linked to a clinical application. Complex non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular autonomic regulation—cardiac vagal control (heart rate variability), sympathetic vascular activity (blood pressure variability), and cardiovascular reflex control (baroreflex sensitivity)—could represent a promising tool for early diagnosis, personalized therapy, and monitoring of therapeutic interventions in anorexia nervosa particularly at a vulnerable adolescent age.
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Alteration of cytokines in saliva of children with caries and obesity. Odontology 2020; 109:11-17. [PMID: 32285227 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Caries and obesity are multifactorial diseases with inflammatory components, whose processes involve cells and molecules, such as cytokines. Therefore, the objective of this work was to compare the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and IL-18 in the salivary samples of children with caries and obesity. The study was carried out with 80 children: 43 with a normal weight and 37 with obesity. The diagnosis of caries was carried out using the ICDAS system. Salivary samples were used to measure the cytokine levels via the ELISA technique. Our results show that children with obesity and dental cavities have high levels of IL-6 and IL-15. Similarly, obese children have elevated levels of these two cytokines, while children with cavitated carious lesions presented alterations in their concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8. In conclusion, our data suggest that IL-6 has a significant effect on both obesity and caries, although IL-8 is more related to caries, and IL-15 is more related to obesity.
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