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Oyadomari WY, Christoff RR, Nani JV, Rabello T, Oliveira V, Higa LM, Garcez PP, Hayashi MAF. Increased Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Activity in Zika Virus-Infected Mouse Brain: Implications for Therapy? Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00160-3. [PMID: 38960371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Congenital zika virus syndrome (CZS) has become a significant worldwide concern since the sudden rise of microcephaly related to zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil. Primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, ZIKV shares serologic similarities with dengue virus (DENV), complicating the diagnosis and/or clinical management. The Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) was associated with either neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory properties in the central nervous system (CNS). The possible role(s) of ACE in these two flaviviruses infection remain largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluate ACE activity in the brain of ZIKV- or DENV-infected mice, both compared to MOCK, showing about 30% increased ACE activity only in ZIKV-infected mice (p = 0.024), while no change was noticed in brain from DENV-infected animals (p = 0.888). In addition, the treatment with interferon beta (IFNβ), under conditions previously demonstrated to rescue the normal size of microcephalic brains determined by ZIKV infection, also restored ACE activity in ZIKV-infected animals to levels close to that of the MOCK control group. Although inflammatory responses expected for either ZIKV or DENV infections, only ZIKV was associated with microcephaly, as well as with increased ACE activity and reversion by treatment with IFNβ. Furthermore, this increase in ACE activity was observed only after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection (F (2, 16) = 7.907, p = 0.004), but not for intraperitoneal (IP) administration of ZIKV (F (2, 26) = 1.996, p = 0.156), suggesting that the observed central ACE activity modulation may be associated with the presence of this specific flavivirus in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y Oyadomari
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Raissa R Christoff
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - João V Nani
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Tailene Rabello
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza M Higa
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P Garcez
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), SP, Brazil;.
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Barak R, Goshtasbi G, Fatehi R, Firouzabadi N. Signaling pathways and genetics of brain Renin angiotensin system in psychiatric disorders: State of the art. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 236:173706. [PMID: 38176544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Along the conventional pathways, Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the physiology of the CNS and pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases. RAS is a complex regulatory pathway which is composed of several peptides and receptors and comprises two counter-regulatory axes. The classical (ACE1/AngII/AT1 receptor) axis and the contemporary (ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor) axis. The genes coding for elements of both axes have been broadly studied. Numerous functional polymorphisms on components of RAS have been identified to serve as informative disease and treatment markers. This review summarizes the role of each peptide and receptor in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorders and schizophrenia), followed by a concise look at the role of genetic polymorphism of the RAS in the pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Barak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ghazal Goshtasbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Fatehi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Kunvariya AD, Dave SA, Modi ZJ, Patel PK, Sagar SR. Exploration of multifaceted molecular mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in pathogenesis of various diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15644. [PMID: 37153428 PMCID: PMC10160752 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE (a transmembrane bound dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme). ACE2 converts angiotensinogen to the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7). ACE2 and its product, angiotensin-(1-7), have counteracting effects against the adverse actions of other members of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2 and its principal product, angiotensin-(1-7), were considered an under recognized arm of the RAS. The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light this arm of RAS with special focus on ACE2. Membrane bound ACE2 serves as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry through spike proteins. Apart from that, ACE2 is also involved in the pathogenesis of various other diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and infertility. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanism of ACE2 in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infertility and respiratory diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes unveiled roles of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of various diseases which further provides intriguing possibilities for the use of ACE2 activators and RAS modulating agents for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi D. Kunvariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Shivani A. Dave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Zeal J. Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Paresh K. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Sneha R. Sagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
- Corresponding author.
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Tian M, Ning C, Peng S, Li D, Jin R, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Mou H, Zhu C. High-Efficiency Fermentation of Nattokinase by Recombinant PSP2 Using Oyster Protein Hydrolysate as a Substrate. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061252. [PMID: 36981178 PMCID: PMC10048384 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have been the focus of several studies. In this study, oyster protein hydrolysate was produced via enzyme hydrolysis and used as a fermentation substrate to ferment recombinant strain PSP2 to produce nattokinase. Using the synergism strategy, fermentation products with fibrinolytic and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities were obtained and evaluated. The fermentation medium contained 1.0% trypsin, 1.0% oyster protein hydrolysate, 2.0% maltose, and 0.5% sodium chloride, with an initial pH of 7.0. The maximum nattokinase activity was 390.23 ± 10.24 FU/mL after 72 h of fermentation. The flavor of the product was improved, and heavy metals and volatile salt nitrogen were partially removed via fermentation. The ACE inhibitory activity (IC50) of the fermentation products was 1.433 mg/mL. This study provides a novel approach for the development of marine functional foods with hypotensive and antithrombotic properties.
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Patel S, Sharma D, Uniyal A, Gadepalli A, Tiwari V. Recent advancements in biomarker research in schizophrenia: mapping the road from bench to bedside. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2197-2211. [PMID: 35239143 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe progressive neurodegenerative as well as disruptive behavior disorder affecting innumerable people throughout the world. The discovery of potential biomarkers in the clinical scenario would lead to the development of effective methods of diagnosis and would provide an understanding of the prognosis of the disease. Moreover, breakthrough inventions for the treatment and prevention of this mysterious disease could evolve as a result of a thorough understanding of the clinical biomarkers. In this review, we have discussed about specific biomarkers of SZ an emphasis has been laid to delineate (1) diagnostic biomarkers like neuroimmune biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers, oligodendrocyte biomarkers and biomarkers of negative and cognitive symptoms, (2) therapeutic biomarkers like various neurotransmitter systems and (3) prognostic biomarkers. All the biomarkers were evaluated in drug-naïve (at least for 4 weeks) patients in order to achieve a clear comparison between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Also, an attempt has been made to elucidate the potential genes which serve as predictors and tools for the determination of biomarkers and would ultimately help in the prevention and treatment of this deadly illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, 400098, Mumbai, India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 07103, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Anagha Gadepalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India.
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Evaluation of NDEL1 oligopeptidase activity in blood and brain in an animal model of schizophrenia: effects of psychostimulants and antipsychotics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18513. [PMID: 33116174 PMCID: PMC7595172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear distribution element-like 1 (NDEL1) enzyme activity is important for neuritogenesis, neuronal migration, and neurodevelopment. We reported previously lower NDEL1 enzyme activity in blood of treated first episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia (SCZ) compared to healthy control subjects, with even lower activity in treatment resistant chronic SCZ patients, implicating NDEL1 activity in SCZ. Herein, higher NDEL1 activity was observed in the blood and several brain regions of a validated animal model for SCZ at baseline. In addition, long-term treatment with typical or atypical antipsychotics, under conditions in which SCZ-like phenotypes were reported to be reversed in this animal model for SCZ, showed a significant NDEL1 activity reduction in blood and brain regions which is in line with clinical data. Importantly, these results support measuring NDEL1 enzyme activity in the peripheral blood to predict changes in NDEL1 activity in the CNS. Also, acute administration of psychostimulants, at levels reported to induce SCZ-like phenotype in normal rat strains, increased NDEL1 enzyme activity in blood. Therefore, alterations in NDEL1 activity after treatment with antipsychotics or psychostimulants may suggest a possible modulation of NDEL1 activity secondary to neurotransmission homeostasis and provide new insights into the role of NDEL1 in SCZ pathophysiology.
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Nani JV, Fonseca MC, Engi SA, Perillo MG, Dias CS, Gazarini ML, Korth C, Cruz FC, Hayashi MA. Decreased nuclear distribution nudE-like 1 enzyme activity in an animal model with dysfunctional disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 signaling featuring aberrant neurodevelopment and amphetamine-supersensitivity. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:467-477. [PMID: 31916893 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119897562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction of nuclear-distribution element-like 1 with disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 protein is crucial for neurite outgrowth/neuronal migration, and this interaction competitively inhibits nuclear-distribution element-like 1 peptidase activity. Nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity is reduced in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis and in medicated chronic schizophrenia, with even lower activity in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate in a rat model overexpressing human non-mutant disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1, with consequent dysfunctional disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 signaling, the relation of nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity with neurodevelopment and dopamine-related phenotypes. METHODS We measured cell distribution in striatum and cortex by histology and microtomography, and quantified the basal and amphetamine-stimulated locomotion and nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity (in blood and brain) of transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 rat vs wild-type littermate controls. RESULTS 3D assessment of neuronal cell body number and spatial organization of mercury-impregnated neurons showed defective neuronal positioning, characteristic of impaired cell migration, in striatum/nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex of transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 compared to wild-type brains. Basal nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity was lower in the blood and also in several brain regions of transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 compared to wild-type. Locomotion and nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity were both significantly increased by amphetamine in transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1, but not in wild-type. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in the transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 rat allow us to state that decreased nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity reflects both a trait (neurodevelopmental phenotype) and a state (amphetamine-induced dopamine release). We thus define here a role for decreased nuclear-distribution element-like 1 peptidase activity both for the developing brain (the neurodevelopmental phenotype) and for the adult (interaction with dopaminergic responses), and present nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity in a novel way, as unifying neurodevelopmental with dysfunctional dopamine response phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V Nani
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Fonseca
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sheila A Engi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara G Perillo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sb Dias
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Gazarini
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fábio C Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Af Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Rodríguez B, Nani JV, Almeida PGC, Brietzke E, Lee RS, Hayashi MAF. Neuropeptides and oligopeptidases in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:679-693. [PMID: 31794779 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder with severe impact on patient's livelihood. In the last years, the importance of neuropeptides in SCZ and other CNS disorders has been recognized, mainly due to their ability to modulate the signaling of classical monoaminergic neurotransmitters as dopamine. In addition, a class of enzymes coined as oligopeptidases are able to cleave several of these neuropeptides, and their potential implication in SCZ was also demonstrated. Interestingly, these enzymes are able to play roles as modulators of neuropeptidergic systems, and they were also implicated in neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, neuron migration, and therefore, in neurodevelopment and brain formation. Altered activity of oligopeptidases in SCZ was described only more recently, suggesting their possible utility as biomarkers for mental disorders diagnosis or treatment response. We provide here an updated and comprehensive review on neuropeptides and oligopeptidases involved in mental disorders, aiming to attract the attention of physicians to the potential of targeting this system for improving the therapy and for understanding the neurobiology underlying mental disorders as SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor Nani
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Priscila G C Almeida
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Richard S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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