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Haq S, Tariq A, Naz S, Abid S, Akhtar MN, Bullo S, Alhokbany N, Ahmed S. Remarkable enhancement of the nonlinear optical behavior towards asymmetric substituted D-π-A dithiophene-based compounds. J Mol Model 2024; 30:287. [PMID: 39066914 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonlinear optics (NLO) is an interesting field that discloses the interaction between intense light and matter, leading to a deeper understanding of NLO phenomena. Organic chromophores are considered as promising materials for NLO due to their exceptional structural versatility, ease of processing, and rapid response to NLO effects. Functional materials based on thiophene have been indispensable in advancing organic optoelectronics. Specifically, dithiophene-based compounds display weaker aromaticity, reduced steric hindrance, and additional sulfur-sulfur interactions. Hence, by utilizing dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT) as the core structure, designing of a set of organic compounds with D1-π-D2-π-A-type framework, namely ZR1D1-ZR1D8, was carried out in this study. The analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) revealed that compound ZR1D2 has the lowest band gap of 1.922 eV among all the investigated chromophores. The correlation of global reactivity parameters (GRPs) with the band gap values indicates that ZR1D2 displays a hardness of 0.961 eV and a softness of 0.520 eV-1. Among the studied compounds, ZR1D2 demonstrated a broad absorption spectrum that extended across the visible region. The maximum absorption wavelengths were observed at 766.470 nm for ZR1D2 and 749.783 nm for ZR1D5. These DTBDT-based dyes exhibit a remarkable NLO response with exceptionally high first hyperpolarizability (βtot) values. Among them, compound ZR1D2 stands out with the highest average linear polarizability (⟨α⟩ = 3.0 × 10-22 esu), first hyperpolarizability (βtot = 4.1 × 10-27 esu), and second hyperpolarizability (γtot = 7.5 × 10-32 esu) values. In summary, this investigation offers valuable insights into the potential use of DTBDT-based organic chromophores, particularly ZR1D2, for advanced applications in NLO. These findings suggest promising opportunities for researchers to synthesize these molecules and utilize these compounds in hi-tech NLO-based applications. METHODOLOGY The density functional theory computations were performed at the M06/6-311G(d,p) functional to explore their structural effects on electronic and NLO findings. Various analyses like highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, absorption maxima, density of states, open circuit voltage, binding energies of electrons and holes, and transition density matrix are employed to investigate photovoltaic efficiencies of the derivatives. Different software packages like Avogadro, Multiwfn, Origin, GaussSum, PyMOlyze, and Chemcraft were used to deduce conclusions from the output files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Haq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Areej Tariq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Salma Naz
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Saba Abid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Saifullah Bullo
- Department of Human and Rehabilitation Sciences, Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Norah Alhokbany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Hadji D, Baroudi B, Bensafi T. Nonlinear optical properties of azo sulfonamide derivatives. J Mol Model 2024; 30:117. [PMID: 38561513 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The present work deals with the linear and nonlinear optical properties such as the dipole moment, polarizability, total hyperpolarizability, electric field-induced second harmonic generation, and hyper-Rayleigh scattering first hyperpolarizability of four heterocyclic azo compounds containing the sulfonamide group considered promise in nonlinear optic. The obtained polarizability and hyperpolarizability were supported by the frontier molecular orbital analysis. The properties have been effectively estimated and thoroughly examined to shed light on the nonlinear optical activity based on the density functional theory. The observed results show a high total first hyperpolarizability β tot up to 2503 a.u. and a low energy gap E g less than 1.41 eV. An inverse relationship has been obtained between the β tot and E g . The calculated E g values confirm that charge occurs within the azo sulfonamides. The new study provides a promising avenue for the development of these azo sulfonamides as novel NLO materials. METHODS The molecular modeling and the theoretical studies were performed with Gaussian software packages. The B3LYP/6-311 + G** level was used for optimization. All the linear and nonlinear optical properties reported here are obtained using the DFT. The optimized structures and their frontier molecular orbitals were plotted using the GaussView 5.1 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djebar Hadji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Saida - Dr. Moulay Tahar, 20000, Saïda, Algeria.
- Modeling and Calculation Methods Laboratory, University of Saida - Dr. Moulay Tahar, 20000, Saïda, Algeria.
| | - Benamar Baroudi
- Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Ouled Fares, 02180, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Toufik Bensafi
- Modeling and Calculation Methods Laboratory, University of Saida - Dr. Moulay Tahar, 20000, Saïda, Algeria
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Lakhera S, Rana M, Devlal K. Comprehensive quantum chemical study of the associative complex of para-aminobenzoic acid and 7-diethylamino 4-methyl coumarin by adsorption and aromatic bridges. J Mol Model 2024; 30:37. [PMID: 38212580 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The present study accounts for the quantum chemical and nonlinear optical properties of the combination of para-aminobenzoic acid and 7-diethylamino 4-methyl coumarin. Three different complexes were designed, surface interaction (adsorption) and two by connecting both molecules with π-bridge benzene and biphenyl. The amino and carboxyl groups were observed to behave as strong donor and acceptor sites in all the complexes. The band gap of the adsorbed complex was found more suitable. The absorption wavelength and intensity both were seen to increase with the increase in the number of benzene rings in the π-bridge. The values of first- and second-order hyperpolarizability suggest the improved nonlinear optical responses of the introduced complexes. Additionally, the negative value of second-order hyperpolarizability suggests the possibility of the occurrence of reverse saturable absorption in these combinations. The reported work gives theoretical insights into the nonlinear optical properties of the combination of para-aminobenzoic acid and 7-diethylamino 4-methyl coumarin. METHODS The molecular modeling and the quantum chemical studies were performed with Gaussian software packages. The standard B3LYP-6-311++G(d,p) basis functionals were used for energy minimization and other spectral calculations. All the surface analyses reported here are obtained by employing Multiwfn software. The chemical reactivity was established by the global reactivity descriptors. The intramolecular interactions and charge localization were stated using inter-fragment charge transfer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Lakhera
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, 263139, India.
| | - Kamal Devlal
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
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Mandal U, Beg H, Misra A. Effect of charge transfer on the first hyper-polarizability of N,N-dimethylaniline and julolidine: a DFT based comparative study. J Mol Model 2023; 29:351. [PMID: 37889349 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Quantum mechanical calculations involving electron correlation, frequency dispersion, and solvent effects were carried out to examine the second-order nonlinear optical response of various acceptor, X (-CF3, -CN, -NO2) substituted in N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) and julolidine(JLD). Here, both DMA and JLD acts as donor and the three substituted groups, X (-CF3, -CN and -NO2) at the para position of both the ring systems as acceptor. The NLO response (βHRS) of -CF3 and -CN substituted DMA and JLD is relatively lower compared to DMA-NO2 and JLD-NO2. The charge distribution is found higher in case of -NO2 substituted DMA and JLD (±443 and ±449) compared to their -CF3 or -CN substitution. Electronic characteristics such as UV-Vis absorption spectra, crucial excited state parameters and charge transfer contribution to βHRS have been used to explain the NLO parameter of DMA-X and JLD-X. Variation of the incident optical frequency of light shows fluctuation of βHRS value and highest values of βHRS are obtain at the λmax frequency of each compound. Solvent polarity variation study on βHRS shows that βHRS varies linearly with the Kirkwood-Onsagar dielectric factor (D). METHODS All computational studies have been carried out using density functional theory (DFT) based method. Since CAM-B3LYP based hybrid functional improves the asymptotic behavior of the exchange interaction by dividing into short-range and long-range components, first hyperpolarizability values in the present study were computed using DFT/ CAM-B3LYP/ 6-31G+(d,p) level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721101, India
| | - Hasibul Beg
- Department of Chemistry, Raja N. L. Khan Women's College, Midnapore, 721102, India
| | - Ajay Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721101, India.
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Kanagavalli A, Jayachitra R, Thilagavathi G, Elangovan N, Sowrirajan S, Thomas R. Synthesis, characterization, computational, excited state properties, wave function, and molecular docking studies of (E)-4-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)N-(thiazol-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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