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Bengalli RD, Zerbi G, Lucotti A, Catelani T, Mantecca P. Carbon nanotubes: Structural defects as stressors inducing lung cell toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110613. [PMID: 37353135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is matter of concern since very long time. However, their mechanism of toxicity is still not yet well defined. In this work, the role of structural defects as organic stressors of CNTs able to trigger their potential toxicity is investigated. Four commercial CNTs, with different carbon purity grade, are morphologically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the relative amount of structural defects are estimated through Raman spectroscopy, by measuring the intensity ratio D/G (ID/IG). The oxidative potential of CNTs is evaluated with cytochrome-C assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. Data show that CNTs with larger amounts of structural defects (higher ID/IG ratio) induce an increased ROS generation and consequent cytotoxicity and cellular damage, shown by TEM images of CNTs-cells interaction. Raman analyses of cells exposed to CNTs point out that the spectra of the CNTs inside the cells show no differences with respect of the signal recorded for cell-free CNTs, evidencing their biopersistence in lung cells. Raman spectra cannot provide direct indication of the existence of metals as impurity. It follows that the intensity ratio ID/IG can be taken as a predictive marker of the toxicity of a given CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Daniela Bengalli
- POLARIS Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Zerbi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Microscopy Facility, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Paride Mantecca
- POLARIS Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
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Solorio-Rodriguez SA, Williams A, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Jensen KA, Clausen PA, Danielsen PH, Wallin H, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. Single-Walled vs. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Influence of Physico-Chemical Properties on Toxicogenomics Responses in Mouse Lungs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061059. [PMID: 36985953 PMCID: PMC10057402 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are nanomaterials with one or multiple layers of carbon sheets. While it is suggested that various properties influence their toxicity, the specific mechanisms are not completely known. This study was aimed to determine if single or multi-walled structures and surface functionalization influence pulmonary toxicity and to identify the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. Female C57BL/6J BomTac mice were exposed to a single dose of 6, 18, or 54 μg/mouse of twelve SWCNTs or MWCNTs of different properties. Neutrophil influx and DNA damage were assessed on days 1 and 28 post-exposure. Genome microarrays and various bioinformatics and statistical methods were used to identify the biological processes, pathways and functions altered post-exposure to CNTs. All CNTs were ranked for their potency to induce transcriptional perturbation using benchmark dose modelling. All CNTs induced tissue inflammation. MWCNTs were more genotoxic than SWCNTs. Transcriptomics analysis showed similar responses across CNTs at the pathway level at the high dose, which included the perturbation of inflammatory, cellular stress, metabolism, and DNA damage responses. Of all CNTs, one pristine SWCNT was found to be the most potent and potentially fibrogenic, so it should be prioritized for further toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (A.W.)
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Occupational Health, 0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (A.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Horie M, Sugino S, Ohno T. Follow the time course of inflammation caused by intraperitoneal administration of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231176402. [PMID: 37846071 PMCID: PMC10583511 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231176402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understand the progress of inflammation over time caused by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). METHODS Two types of MWCNTs were administered to C57BL/6N mice via intraperitoneal administration at low and high doses (0.05 and 1.0 mg/mouse, respectively). Inflammation was evaluated until 6 months after administration based on cytokine levels and pathological observations. The abdominal cavity lavage fluid was collected and analyzed 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 month(s) after administration. IL-6 expression markedly increased 3 months after the administration of high-dose MWCNT-7. RESULTS Notable inflammation was observed in the groups administered with one of the MWCNT, MWCNT-7. On the other hand, inflammation in another MWCNT-treated group was milder than that in the MWCNT-7-treated group. MWCNT-7 induced pronounced inflammation but did not induce tumor formation during the experimental period. Inflammation reaction is one of the most important biological responses to MWCNT. CONCLUSION Three months post-exposure becomes a turning point for the harmful effects of the intraperitoneally administered MWCNT-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Health and medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sugino
- Health and medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ohno
- Health and medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
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Svadlakova T, Holmannova D, Kolackova M, Malkova A, Krejsek J, Fiala Z. Immunotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, Starring Phagocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168889. [PMID: 36012161 PMCID: PMC9408998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of science, technology and medicine, carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles (CNMs) are becoming attractive nanomaterials that are increasingly used. However, it is important to acknowledge the risk of nanotoxicity that comes with the widespread use of CNMs. CNMs can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion, intravenously or by any other route, spread through the bloodstream and penetrate tissues where (in both compartments) they interact with components of the immune system. Like invading pathogens, CNMs can be recognized by large numbers of receptors that are present on the surface of innate immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages. Depending on the physicochemical properties of CNMs, i.e., shape, size, or adsorbed contamination, phagocytes try to engulf and process CNMs, which might induce pro/anti-inflammatory response or lead to modulation and disruption of basic immune activity. This review focuses on existing data on the immunotoxic potential of CNMs, particularly in professional phagocytes, as they play a central role in processing and eliminating foreign particles. The results of immunotoxic studies are also described in the context of the entry routes, impacts of contamination and means of possible elimination. Mechanisms of proinflammatory effect depending on endocytosis and intracellular distribution of CNMs are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Svadlakova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Drahomira Holmannova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Di Ianni E, Erdem JS, Møller P, Sahlgren NM, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Zienolddiny S, Saber AT, Wallin H, Vogel U, Jacobsen NR. In vitro-in vivo correlations of pulmonary inflammogenicity and genotoxicity of MWCNT. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:25. [PMID: 34301283 PMCID: PMC8299626 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have received attention due to extraordinary properties, resulting in concerns for occupational health and safety. Costs and ethical concerns of animal testing drive a need for in vitro models with predictive power in respiratory toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess pro-inflammatory response (Interleukin-8 expression, IL-8) and genotoxicity (DNA strand breaks) caused by MWCNT with different physicochemical properties in different pulmonary cell models and correlate these to previously published in vivo data. Seven MWCNT were selected; two long/thick (NRCWE-006/Mitsui-7 and NM-401), two short/thin (NM-400 and NM-403), a pristine (NRCWE-040) and two surface modified; hydroxylated (NRCWE-041) and carboxylated (NRCWE-042). Carbon black Printex90 (CB) was included as benchmark material. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and monocyte-derived macrophages (THP-1a) were exposed to nanomaterials (NM) in submerged conditions, and two materials (NM-400 and NM-401) in co-cultures of A549/THP-1a and lung fibroblasts (WI-38) in an air-liquid interface (ALI) system. Effective doses were quantified by thermo-gravimetric-mass spectrometry analysis (TGA-MS). To compare genotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, we developed a scoring system based on a categorization of effects into standard deviation (SD) units (< 1, 1, 2, 3 or 4 standard deviation increases) for the increasing genotoxicity. Results Effective doses were shown to be 25 to 53%, and 21 to 57% of the doses administered to A549 and THP-1a, respectively. In submerged conditions (A549 and THP-1a cells), all NM induced dose-dependent IL-8 expression. NM-401 and NRCWE-006 caused the strongest pro-inflammatory response. In the ALI-exposed co-culture, only NM-401 caused increased IL-8 expression, and no DNA strand breaks were observed. Strong correlations were found between in vitro and in vivo inflammation when doses were normalized by surface area (also proxy for diameter and length). Significantly increased DNA damage was found for all MWCNT in THP-1a cells, and for short MWCNT in A549 cells. A concordance in genotoxicity of 83% was obtained between THP-1a cells and broncho-alveolar lavaged (BAL) cells. Conclusion This study shows correlations of pro-inflammatory potential in A549 and THP-1a cells with neutrophil influx in mice, and concordance in genotoxic response between THP-1a cells and BAL cells, for seven MWCNT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00413-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Di Ianni
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Evaxion Biotech, DK-1260, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lucas JH, Wang Q, Muthumalage T, Rahman I. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Cause Cellular Senescence in TGF-β Stimulated Lung Epithelial Cells. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060144. [PMID: 34205339 PMCID: PMC8234672 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that have a fiber-like structure which may be a concern for the development of cellular senescence. Premature senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the crosstalk between downstream pathways mediating fibrotic and senescent responses of MWCNTs is not well-defined. Here, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to MWCNTs for up to 72 h and demonstrate that MWCNTs increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production accompanied by inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, MWCNT exposure resulted in the increase of p21 protein abundance and senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) activity. We also determined that co-exposure with the cytokine, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) exacerbated cellular senescence indicated by increased protein levels of p21, p16, and γH2A.X. Furthermore, the production of fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) was significantly elevated with the co-exposure compared to MWCNT or TGF-β alone. Together, our study suggests that the cellular senescence potential of MWCNTs may be enhanced by pro-fibrotic mediators, such as TGF-β in the surrounding microenvironment.
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Yang T, Chen J, Gao L, Huang Y, Liao G, Cao Y. Induction of lipid droplets in THP-1 macrophages by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a diameter-dependent manner: A transcriptomic study. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Evaluation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activating Effects of a Large Panel of TiO 2 Nanomaterials in Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091876. [PMID: 32961672 PMCID: PMC7558067 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanomaterials are among the most commonly produced and used engineered nanomaterials (NMs) in the world. There is controversy regarding their ability to induce inflammation-mediated lung injuries following inhalation exposure. Activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome and subsequent release of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β in pulmonary macrophages has been postulated as an essential pathway for the inflammatory and associated tissue-remodeling effects of toxic particles. Our study aim was to determine and rank the IL-1β activating properties of TiO2 NMs by comparing a large panel of different samples against each other as well as against fine TiO2, synthetic amorphous silica and crystalline silica (DQ12 quartz). Effects were evaluated in primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from NALP3-deficient and proficient mice as well as in the rat alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383. Our results show that specific TiO2 NMs can activate the inflammasome in macrophages albeit with a markedly lower potency than amorphous SiO2 and quartz. The heterogeneity in IL-1β release observed in our study among 19 different TiO2 NMs underscores the relevance of case-by-case evaluation of nanomaterials of similar chemical composition. Our findings also further promote the NR8383 cell line as a promising in vitro tool for the assessment of the inflammatory and inflammasome activating properties of NMs.
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