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Patel S, Werstuck G. Characterizing the Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α/β in Macrophage Polarization and the Regulation of Pro-Atherogenic Pathways in Cultured Ldlr -/- Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676752. [PMID: 34394077 PMCID: PMC8361494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms that link cardiovascular risk factors to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis are not understood. Recent findings from our laboratory indicate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling through glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α/β induces pro-atherosclerotic pathways. The objective of this study was to define the specific roles of GSK3α and GSK3β in the activation of pro-atherogenic processes in macrophages. Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) were isolated from low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice and Ldlr-/- mice with myeloid deficiency of GSK3α and/or GSK3β. M1 and M2 macrophages were used to examine functions relevant to the development of atherosclerosis, including polarization, inflammatory response, cell viability, lipid accumulation, migration, and metabolism. GSK3α deficiency impairs M1 macrophage polarization, and reduces the inflammatory response and lipid accumulation, but increases macrophage mobility/migration. GSK3β deficiency promotes M1 macrophage polarization, which further increases the inflammatory response and lipid accumulation, but decreases macrophage migration. Macrophages deficient in both GSK3α and GSK3β exhibit increased cell viability, proliferation, and metabolism. These studies begin to delineate the specific roles of GSK3α and GSK3β in macrophage polarization and function. These data suggest that myeloid cell GSK3α signaling regulates M1 macrophage polarization and pro-atherogenic functions to promote atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvatit Patel
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Liu Y, Hammel G, Shi M, Cheng Z, Zivkovic S, Wang X, Xu P, He X, Guo B, Ren Y, Zuo L. Myelin Debris Stimulates NG2/CSPG4 Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages in the Injured Spinal Cord. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:651827. [PMID: 33815067 PMCID: PMC8017290 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.651827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the increased expression of members of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan family, such as neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), have been well documented after an injury to the spinal cord, a complete picture as to the cellular origins and function of this NG2 expression has yet to be made. Using a spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model, we describe that some infiltrated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMΦ) are early contributors to NG2/CSPG4 expression and secretion after SCI. We demonstrate for the first time that a lesion-related form of cellular debris generated from damaged myelin sheaths can increase NG2/CSPG4 expression in BMDMΦ, which then exhibit enhanced proliferation and decreased phagocytic capacity. These results suggest that BMDMΦ may play a much more nuanced role in secondary spinal cord injury than previously thought, including acting as early contributors to the NG2 component of the glial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Minjun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Alanazi S, Alenzi N, Fearnley J, Harnett W, Watson DG. Temperate Propolis Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Nitric Oxide Formation in Macrophages. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100413. [PMID: 33066666 PMCID: PMC7602400 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that propolis has immunomodulatory activity. Extracts from two UK propolis samples were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities by investigating their ability to alter the production of the cytokines: tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10 from mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages co-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The propolis extracts suppressed the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 with less effect on TNFα. In addition, propolis reduced the levels of nitric oxide formed by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Metabolomic profiling was carried out by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) on a ZIC-pHILIC column. LPS increased the levels of intermediates involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis; propolis lowered many of these. In addition, LPS produced an increase in itaconate and citrate, and propolis treatment increased itaconate still further while greatly reducing citrate levels. Moreover, LPS treatment increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and intermediates in its biosynthesis, while propolis treatment boosted these still further. In addition, propolis treatment greatly increased levels of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-sugar conjugates. Overall, the results showed that propolis extracts exert an anti-inflammatory effect by the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by the metabolic reprogramming of LPS activity in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyah Alanazi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyad 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naif Alenzi
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyad 13513, Saudi Arabia;
| | - James Fearnley
- Apiceutical Research Centre, 6 Hunter Street, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO21 3DA, UK;
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (D.G.W.); Tel.: +44-141-548-3725 (W.H.); +44-141-548-2651 (D.G.W.)
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (D.G.W.); Tel.: +44-141-548-3725 (W.H.); +44-141-548-2651 (D.G.W.)
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Kolling J, Tigges J, Hellack B, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Evaluation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activating Effects of a Large Panel of TiO 2 Nanomaterials in Macrophages. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1876. [PMID: 32961672 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanomaterials are among the most commonly produced and used engineered nanomaterials (NMs) in the world. There is controversy regarding their ability to induce inflammation-mediated lung injuries following inhalation exposure. Activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome and subsequent release of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β in pulmonary macrophages has been postulated as an essential pathway for the inflammatory and associated tissue-remodeling effects of toxic particles. Our study aim was to determine and rank the IL-1β activating properties of TiO2 NMs by comparing a large panel of different samples against each other as well as against fine TiO2, synthetic amorphous silica and crystalline silica (DQ12 quartz). Effects were evaluated in primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from NALP3-deficient and proficient mice as well as in the rat alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383. Our results show that specific TiO2 NMs can activate the inflammasome in macrophages albeit with a markedly lower potency than amorphous SiO2 and quartz. The heterogeneity in IL-1β release observed in our study among 19 different TiO2 NMs underscores the relevance of case-by-case evaluation of nanomaterials of similar chemical composition. Our findings also further promote the NR8383 cell line as a promising in vitro tool for the assessment of the inflammatory and inflammasome activating properties of NMs.
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Malanagahalli S, Murera D, Martín C, Lin H, Wadier N, Dumortier H, Vázquez E, Bianco A. Few Layer Graphene Does Not Affect Cellular Homeostasis of Mouse Macrophages. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E228. [PMID: 32013038 PMCID: PMC7074970 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
: Graphene-related materials (GRMs) are widely used in various applications due to their unique properties. A growing number of reports describe the impact of different carbon nanomaterials, including graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT), on immune cells, but there is still a very limited number of studies on graphene. In this work, we investigated the biological responses of few layer graphene (FLG) on mouse macrophages (bone marrow derived macrophages, BMDMs), which are part of the first line of defense in innate immunity. In particular, our paper describes our findings of short-term FLG treatment in BMDMs with a focus on observing material internalization and changes in general cell morphology. Subsequent investigation of cytotoxicity parameters showed that increasing doses of FLG did not hamper the viability of cells and did not trigger inflammatory responses. Basal level induced autophagic activity sufficed to maintain the cellular homeostasis of FLG treated cells. Our results shed light on the impact of FLG on primary macrophages and show that FLG does not elicit immunological responses leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Malanagahalli
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Diane Murera
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Cristina Martín
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo Jose Cela, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Hazel Lin
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Nadége Wadier
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Hélène Dumortier
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo Jose Cela, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (S.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.); (H.L.); (N.W.); (H.D.)
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Song Y, Ding N, Kanazawa T, Yamashita U, Yoshida Y. Cucurbitacin D is a new inflammasome activator in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1044-50. [PMID: 24140411 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that cucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosanthes kirilowii has anti-tumor roles to leukemia cells. However, the effect of cucurbitacin D on immune cells is not fully understood although there is no toxic activity to normal cells. In this study, immunomodulating activities of cucurbitacin D were investigated in macrophages. Cucurbitacin D could increase LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-1β production in culture supernatant of THP-1 cells, peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), and RAW264 cells. At the transcriptional level, cucurbitacin D enhanced LPS-induced IL-1β mRNA expression through activation of ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). At the posttranscriptional level, the activation of caspase-1 induced by cucurbitacin D has also been demonstrated following treatment with a caspase-1 inhibitor and siRNA. Importantly, cucurbitacin D has further been shown to induce inflammasome activation independent of ERK1/2 activation. Western blotting showed interaction of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NALP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-activating and recruitment domain (ASC), suggesting activation of the inflammasome and a possible reason for activation of caspase-1. Taken together, these results suggest that cucurbitacin D could initiate immunomodulating activity in macrophages to lead to inflammasome activation as well as enhancement of LPS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Song
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Ooi JH, McDaniel KL, Weaver V, Cantorna MT. Murine CD8+ T cells but not macrophages express the vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:58-65. [PMID: 24314866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is synthesized by the 1α-hydroxylase, which is encoded by the Cyp27B1 gene. Using transgenic mice that have replaced the Cyp27B1 gene with the bacterial lacZ reporter gene (β-galactosidase), the inflammatory conditions that induce Cyp27B1 in the immune system were probed. A variety of stimuli including lipopolysaccharide, anti-CD3 or PMA/ionomycin were used to stimulate splenocytes and bone marrow derived macrophage in vitro. Only anti-CD3 stimulation resulted in a low induction of β-galactosidase activity in the spleen, indicating that T cells might be a source of Cyp27B1. In vivo, challenge with lipopolysaccharide, α-galactosylceramide, and Listeria monocytogenes failed to induce β-galactosidase activity outside of the kidneys. During more prolonged and severe inflammation there was staining in both the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract for β-galactosidase. Furthermore, wild-type reconstitution of the hematopoietic cell population in Cyp27B1 KO mice protected the mice from experimental colitis. T cell production of Cyp27B1 activity was shown to be from the CD8+ but not the CD4+ T cell population. CD8+ T cells expressed the reporter gene only after 48 h of stimulation. The data is consistent with a model where CD8+ T cells are activated to produce Cyp27B1 and 1,25(OH)2D3 that serves to turn off the local immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jot Hui Ooi
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
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Rizzetto L, De Filippo C, Rivero D, Riccadonna S, Beltrame L, Cavalieri D. Systems biology of host-mycobiota interactions: dissecting Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 signalling in immune cells with DC-ATLAS. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1428-37. [PMID: 23932568 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Modelling the networks sustaining the fruitful coexistence between fungi and their mammalian hosts is becoming increasingly important to control emerging fungal pathogens. The C-type lectins Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 are involved in host defense mechanisms against fungal infection driving inflammatory and adaptive immune responses and complement in containing fungal burdens. Recognizing carbohydrate structures in pathogens, their engagement induces maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) into potent immuno-stimulatory cells endowed with the capacity to efficiently prime T cells. Owing to these properties, Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 agonists are currently under investigation as promising adjuvants in vaccination procedures for the treatment of fungal infection. Thus, a detailed understanding of events' cascade specifically triggered in DCs upon engagement is of great interest in translational research. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 signalling in DCs highlighting similarities and differences. Detailed maps are annotated, using the Biological Connection Markup Language (BCML) data model, and stored in DC-ATLAS, a versatile resource for the interpretation of high-throughput data generated perturbing the signalling network of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rizzetto
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
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Abstract
Inapparent infections of mice with murine hepatitis virus (MHV) altered host resistance to experimental infection with a second virus, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC), reduced the protective effects of exogenously administered interferon against EMC infections, and it altered macrophage ectoenzyme phenotypes in two macrophage populations. Resident peritoneal macrophages from mice experimentally infected with one of two strains of MHV also demonstrated altered ectoenzyme phenotypes. These data demonstrate that inapparent infections with MHV alter several host resistance and macrophage parameters and directly demonstrate that effects of inapparent MHV infection on macrophage parameters can be reproduced experimentally.
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