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Gibhardt S, Hepach R, Henderson AME. Observing prosociality and talent: the emotional characteristics and behavioral outcomes of elevation and admiration in 6.5- to 8.5-year-old children. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1392331. [PMID: 38855306 PMCID: PMC11160138 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1392331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Helping and seeing others being helped elicits positive emotions in young children but little is known about the nature of these emotions, especially in middle childhood. Here we examined the specific emotional characteristics and behavioral outcomes of two closely related other-praising moral emotions: elevation and admiration. We exposed 182 6.5- to 8.5-year-old children living in New Zealand, to an elevation- and admiration-inducing video clip. Afterwards children's emotion experiences and prosocial behaviour was measured. Findings revealed higher levels of happiness, care, and warmth after seeing prosociality in others (elevation condition) and higher levels of upliftment after seeing talent in others (admiration condition). We found no differences in prosocial behavior between the elevation and admiration conditions. This is the first study to assess elevation in childhood and offers a novel paradigm to investigate the role of moral emotions as potential motivators underlying helping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gibhardt
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Hepach
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Siegel JT, Ellis B, Riazi G, Brafford A, Guldner G, Wells JC. The paradox of the resident experiencing depression: Higher depression, less favorable help-seeking outcome expectations, and lower help-seeking intentions. Soc Sci Med 2024; 344:116593. [PMID: 38301547 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical residents experiencing depression can cause life-threatening harm to themselves and their patients. Treatment is available, but many do not seek help. METHODS The current set of three studies investigated whether depressive symptomatology in and of itself served as a help-seeking barrier-and whether expectations of help-seeking benefits provided insight into why this occurred. Nine waves of cross-sectional data were collected from medical residents across several different hospitals in the United States. RESULTS There was a large negative association between levels of depressive symptomatology and help-seeking intentions (H1) in Studies 1 and 3. In Study 2, this association was significant for one of the two help-seeking measures. For all analyses, studies, and measures, there was a large negative association between residents' levels of depressive symptomatology and agreement that seeking help will lead to positive outcomes (H2). Likewise, there was a moderately large indirect effect for all analyses, studies, and measures such that the association between levels of depressive symptomatology and help-seeking intentions occurred through less favorable expectations of help-seeking benefits (H3). Lower agreement of the benefits associated with help-seeking explained between 43 and 65% of depressive symptomatology's negative association with help-seeking intentions across studies. CONCLUSIONS The current findings indicate that depressive symptomatology itself represents a help-seeking barrier and underscore the importance of help-seeking expectations in explaining why this occurs. If future studies reveal a causal relationship between the perceived benefits of help-seeking and help-seeking intentions, then increasing such expectations could offer a potential path for increasing resident help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Siegel
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | - Brendon Ellis
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | - Gabrielle Riazi
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | - Anne Brafford
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA.
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Villamil A, Heshmati S. Engaging in the good with technology: a framework for examining positive technology use. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1175740. [PMID: 37649688 PMCID: PMC10463746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1175740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus on the negative side of technology has become a prominent factor in the understanding of the interactions between humans and technology. However, there is a positive side to technology use that has been less investigated in scientific research. Well-being researchers have determined that it is not just the absence of negative emotions or experiences, but rather the presence and frequency of positive ones that matter most. Therefore, despite the scarcity of research on the positive side of technology, the present conceptual paper focuses on how technology may be used for the good to produce psychological benefits (e.g., greater happiness, lower loneliness, higher peer endorsement). Based on existing literature, we posit at least three directions for good interactions with technology: (1) "seeing good" by focusing on positive visual cues through technology use; (2) "feeling good" by focusing on good feelings that arise from technology use; and (3) "doing good" by focusing on positive actions that can be enacted via technology use. Based on the synthesis of these three components, we propose a framework for technology laden engagement in the good, dubbed as, the Engagement in the Good with Technology (EGT) Framework. Through this framework, we explain how these three distinct aspects of seeing, feeling, and doing good can co-occur and be interrelated, and in turn potentially lead to upward spirals of positive outcomes.
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McGuire AP, Hayden CL, Tomoum R, Kurz AS. Development and Validation of the State Moral Elevation Scale: Assessing State-Level Elevation Across Nonclinical and Clinical Samples. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:2923-2946. [PMID: 35474850 PMCID: PMC9022734 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research on moral elevation has steadily increased and identified several psychosocial benefits that bear relevance to both the general population and people with psychological distress. However, elevation measurement is inconsistent, and few state-level measures have been created and critically evaluated to date. To address this gap, the State Moral Elevation Scale (SMES) was developed and tested using an online sample (N = 930) including subsamples of general participants (nonclinical) and those who screened positive for mental health symptoms (clinical). Factor analysis indicated a single factor structure with nine items that demonstrated excellent reliability. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit statistics and strict measurement invariance across clinical and nonclinical subsamples. Lastly, correlational analyses with related constructs provided evidence of construct validity for both subsamples. Thus, the SMES is a psychometrically valid and reliable assessment tool for state-level elevation which can be used in both general and clinical populations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-022-00533-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. McGuire
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, HPR 237, Tyler, TX 75799 USA
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research On Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX USA
| | - Candice L. Hayden
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, HPR 237, Tyler, TX 75799 USA
| | - Rawda Tomoum
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd, HPR 237, Tyler, TX 75799 USA
| | - A. Solomon Kurz
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research On Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX USA
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX USA
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Hussain SA, Alhabash S. Nostalgic Emotional Valence and Its Effects on Help-Seeking in Depression. An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:1731-1742. [PMID: 32698622 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1794549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In times of distress, people show a tendency to remember the 'good old days,' a bittersweet emotion called Nostalgia. This study advances the role of nostalgic emotions to influence help-seeking intentions in depression. Depression is a critical public health concern, which can be mitigated by seeking professional psychological help. Several communication researchers have studied this area to improve help-seeking intentions through message design and evaluation. This study investigates the use of nostalgic valence: positive, negative, and coactive to influence help-seeking behavioral intentions. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a guiding framework, the study examined the effects of nostalgic valence on emotions, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms to seek help. The study recruited 366 participants, experiencing mild to severe levels of depression, from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three video conditions: positive, negative, or coactive nostalgia. The study resulted in two distinct findings. First, we found that positive, negative, and coactive nostalgic messages lead to different levels of emotional responses. Specifically, the coactive nostalgic condition resulted in the least positive emotional response. Second, these different levels of emotional responses are correlated with perceived behavioral control, and descriptive norms that mediated the effects of nostalgia on help-seeking intentions. The main contribution of our study is to inform health communicators about the complexity of persuading people with depression to seek help via nostalgic emotional appeals. Theoretical implications of the study in context with emotion infusion are discussed, and practical implications for interventions to design depression-related help seeking campaigns are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Hussain
- Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Arizona State University
| | - Saleem Alhabash
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University
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6
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Straszewski T, Siegel JT. From writing tasks to a public service announcement: Experimentally assessing savoring as a means of increasing help-seeking for depression. Soc Sci Med 2021; 287:114362. [PMID: 34530219 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prior studies that used positive emotion infusions (PEIs) to increase help-seeking for depression found initial support for the approach (Siegel & Thomson, 2016; Straszewski & Siegel, 2018, 2020). However, as people with depression experience negative biases that may be maximized when self-relevance is high (Clark et al., 1999), a potential way to maximize the effect of the PEI approach may be to reduce self-focus. OBJECTIVE We used two preregistered studies (US; 2/19/19 to 9/25/19) to identify the strongest version of a savoring writing task for the current context (Study 1) and test it in the form of a savoring-public service announcement (Study 2; S-PSA). METHODS Study 1 (N = 1308) compared five savoring writing tasks that varied in self-focus to a control writing task: vicarious, self-distanced, relational, combination, and personal savoring. Study 2 (N = 1238) compared a relational S-PSA to a comparison PSA and a basic control video on help-seeking attitudes, intentions, and behavior. RESULTS In Study 1, relational savoring was associated with greater help-seeking intentions than the combination savoring condition among all participants and greater help-seeking intentions than the control among participants who self-reported paying full attention during the study. In Study 2, the S-PSA did not perform better than the comparison PSA or basic control video on the outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS The present research highlights three important takeaways. 1) Researchers should continue to explore relational savoring as an approach to increase help-seeking for depression. 2) Similar to findings of prior depression help-seeking studies, crowdsourcing platforms may be useful for testing informational videos but less appropriate for testing videos that require deep levels of thinking for people experiencing heightened depressive symptomatology. 3) From a theoretical and methodological standpoint, these studies underscore the value of conceptual replications using multiple methods.
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Tan GTH, Shahwan S, Abdin E, Lau JH, Goh CMJ, Ong WJ, Samari E, Kwok KW, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Recognition of Depression and Help-Seeking Preference Among University Students in Singapore: An Evaluation of the Impact of Advancing Research to Eliminate Mental Illness Stigma an Education and Contact Intervention. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:582730. [PMID: 34054591 PMCID: PMC8149891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.582730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The SMHS 2016 revealed that young adults in Singapore had the highest 12-month prevalence of mental disorders, with depression being the most prevalent condition. Additionally, the study found that those with higher education were less likely to seek treatment. The recognition of mental illness and knowledge of where to seek help has been found to influence one's ability to seek timely psychological help. This study thus aims to evaluate the effects of ARTEMIS, an education and contact intervention on university students' recognition of depression and help-seeking preference. Methods: A total of 390 university students were recruited over a period of 6-months (October 2018 to April 2019). Students had to attend a one-off intervention which comprised a lecture on depression and personal contact with a person with lived experience of mental illness. Recognition of depression and help-seeking preference were assessed using a vignette approach, at pre- and post-intervention as well as at 3-month follow-up. Results: The intervention was effective at improving student's recognition of depression and this effect was sustained at 3-months follow-up. The intervention was also effective in shifting student's help-seeking preference, although the effects were not sustained at 3-month follow-up. Having a close friend or family with mental illness was associated with better recognition, and being able to correctly recognize depression was linked to a preference to seek psychiatric over non-psychiatric help. Conclusion: This study elucidated the efficacy of a knowledge-contact-based intervention in improving university students' recognition of depression and help-seeking preference. However, while the benefits on recognition of depression is more enduring, it is more transient for help-seeking beliefs, and booster sessions may be needed to improve the long-term effectiveness of the intervention on help-seeking preference. Lastly, to investigate the generalizability of this study's findings, future studies could replicate the current one across other non-self-selected samples, such as by integrating the intervention as part of student's orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jue Hua Lau
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Jie Ong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ellaisha Samari
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Woon Kwok
- President's Office, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Straszewski T, Siegel JT. Differential Effects of High‐ and Low‐Arousal Positive Emotions on Help‐Seeking for Depression. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:887-906. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hollar SM, Siegel JT. Self-distancing as a path to help-seeking for people with depression. Soc Sci Med 2020; 245:112700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Siegel JT, Flores-Medel E, Martinez DA, Berger DE. Can Mental Health Anti-stigma Messages Have Untoward Effects on Some People with Depression?: An Exploratory Study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 24:821-828. [PMID: 31621538 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1672838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scholars have warned that mental health anti-stigma campaigns targeting the general public can possibly be detrimental to some who are stigmatized. Scholars also have noted that people with depression respond to some public service announcements (PSAs) differently than those without. Accordingly, the current study explored whether anti-stigma PSAs targeting the general public could cause problematic outcomes for people with depression. Participants with (n = 55) and without (n = 133) heightened depressive symptomatology viewed two mental health anti-stigma PSAs. Participants provided thoughts about the PSAs through a single, open-ended question. To allow for an assessment of convergence, participants rated overall favorability toward each PSA through a close-ended item. Results indicated that most qualitative responses were favorable; however, 23.6% of respondents with heightened depressive symptomatology, compared to 1.5% without, provided responses coded as indicating that at least one PSA caused unintended negative affect, χ2(1) = 25.96, [Formula: see text] p < .001. Evidence of untoward effects primarily came from the Friend PSA and the qualitative responses indicate how this occurred. Moreover, complementing the qualitative coding, the Friend PSA was rated less favorably by participants with heightened depressive symptomatology (M = 5.00, SD = 1.67), than those without (M = 5.64, SD = 1.44), F(1, 186) = 6.99, p = .009, ηp2 = .036. There were no significant differences in quantitative favorability ratings regarding the Labeling PSA. Indicating that further investigation is warranted, results suggest it is possible for an anti-stigma PSA targeting the general public to cause unintended negative affect among some people with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Siegel
- Division of Behavioral & Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Elidé Flores-Medel
- Division of Behavioral & Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Deborah A Martinez
- Division of Behavioral & Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Dale E Berger
- Division of Behavioral & Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
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Lomas T. The spatial contours of wellbeing: A content analysis of metaphor in academic discourse. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2018.1450437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lomas
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
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12
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Reblin M, Baucom BRW, Clayton MF, Utz R, Caserta M, Lund D, Mooney K, Ellington L. Communication of emotion in home hospice cancer care: Implications for spouse caregiver depression into bereavement. Psychooncology 2019; 28:1102-1109. [PMID: 30883985 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Family caregivers of cancer hospice patients likely benefit from clinician provision of verbal support and from expression of positive emotions. Our aim was to identify the effects of hospice nurse supportive communication as well as caregiver-nurse exchange of positive emotions on family caregiver depression during bereavement. METHODS This prospective, observational longitudinal study included hospice nurses (N = 58) and family caregivers of cancer patients (N = 101) recruited from 10 hospice agencies in the United States. Digitally recorded nurse home visit conversations were coded using Roter interaction analysis system to capture emotion-focused caregiver-nurse communication and supportive nurse responses. Caregivers completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety Subscale and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form at study enrollment and at 2, 6, and 12 months after patient death. RESULTS Caregivers had moderate levels of depression at study enrollment and throughout bereavement. Multilevel modeling revealed that caregiver positive emotion communication and nurse emotional response communication are associated with caregiver depression in bereavement. There was no significant association between caregiver distress communication and depression in bereavement. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that communication demonstrating emotional expression between cancer spouse caregivers and nurses during home hospice may have implications for caregiver depression up to a year after patient death. Our findings may help identify caregivers who may be coping well in the short term but may struggle more over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Reblin
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brian R W Baucom
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Rebecca Utz
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael Caserta
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dale Lund
- Department of Sociology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California
| | - Kathi Mooney
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lee Ellington
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Should We Activate Risk Perceptions in the Context of Suicide Prevention? Examining Fear Appeals, Help-Seeking Determinants, and Help-Seeking Sources Among University Employees Who Suffer from Depression. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 20:884-893. [PMID: 30847753 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-0979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Health promotion strategies have largely focused on activating risk perceptions for health conditions in resistant at-risk populations in order to induce behavior change. Yet, doing so remains a questionable approach when promoting help-seeking behaviors among individuals who suffer from depression because clinical symptoms can negatively affect interpretations and responses to such efforts. This study sought to test the effects and effectiveness of risk-based health messaging utilizing fear appeals on help-seeking determinants, intentions, and sources. One hundred seventeen university employees affected by symptoms of depression were recruited to participate in a lab-based experimental setting. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three message conditions that differed in strength of fear appeal (low, moderate, high) when inducing suicide risk perceptions and promoting help-seeking. Consistent with previous research, participants indicated high stigma perceptions and low intentions to seek help. Risk-based messaging strategies such as fear appeals did not have an effect on help-seeking intentions in this sample. Intentions were largely determined by positive outcome expectations and social norms, whereas efficacy perceptions were positive and not a predictor of help-seeking intentions. Participants were most likely to seek help from intimate partners and friends and least likely to utilize a help-line. Health promotion messages should contain cues that activate, rather than change, the already positive outcome expectations of seeking help when targeting at-risk populations. Future research should explore possibilities for health promotion and education among support networks of those who suffer from depression and anxiety.
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Stomski NJ, Morrison P, Sealey M, Skeffington P, O'Brien G. The association between gratitude and burden in Australian mental health carers: a cross-sectional study. Scand J Caring Sci 2018; 33:215-221. [PMID: 30311247 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The level of carer burden has increased as carers take on more responsibility for mental health consumers as a result of the contemporary shift in the delivery of services from institutional to community settings. Interventions are required to mitigate mental health carer burden. Therefore, we examined the association between dispositional gratitude and burden in a cross-sectional survey of 231 Australian mental health carers. Dispositional gratitude was assessed by the S-GRAT, and carer burden was measured using the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire. The results of a general linear model demonstrated that higher levels of a lack of sense of deprivation were significantly associated with lower levels of tension, worrying and urging. In contrast, higher levels of simple appreciation were significantly associated with higher levels of supervision, worrying and urging. Our findings highlight that gratitude interventions should focus on promoting a lack of sense of deprivation and appreciation of others in order to reduce mental health carer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Morrison
- School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Margaret Sealey
- School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Petra Skeffington
- School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Geraldine O'Brien
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Straszewski T, Siegel JT. Positive Emotion Infusions: Can Savoring Increase Help-Seeking Intentions among People with Depression? Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2018; 10:171-190. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Lienemann BA, Siegel JT. Increasing Help-Seeking Outcomes among People with Elevated Depressive Symptomatology with Public Service Announcements: An Examination of Functional Matching and Message Sidedness. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 23:28-39. [PMID: 29265923 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1396630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current experimental study assessed the utility, and potential harm, of depression public service announcements (D-PSAs) that were matched, moderately matched, or mismatched based on attitude function (i.e., social-adjustive or object-appraisal) and either one-sided or refutational two-sided. US adults (N = 567) with mild to severe depressive symptomatology were randomly assigned to view control messages or one set of D-PSAs. Results indicate that functionally matched D-PSAs, regardless of message sidedness, caused more favorable help-seeking outcome expectations, attitudes, and intentions compared to the control messages. Exposure to the mismatched D-PSAs, particularly refutational, led to less-favorable help-seeking outcome expectations, attitudes, and intentions compared with the control condition. Help-seeking outcomes among those exposed to the moderately matched messages were not significantly different from those exposed to the control messages, with the exception of those exposed to the one-sided moderately matched messages. The one-sided moderately matched messages resulted in lower help-seeking intentions than the control messages. Overall, results indicate that if messages can be tailored to match the recipients' attitude functions, help-seeking outcomes among people with heightened depressive symptomatology can be increased. However, the results also indicate that some D-PSAs can have negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna A Lienemann
- a Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jason T Siegel
- b Division of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, School of Social Science, Policy & Evaluation , Claremont Graduate University , Claremont , CA , USA
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Siegel JT, Lienemann BA, Rosenberg BD. Resistance, reactance, and misinterpretation: Highlighting the challenge of persuading people with depression to seek help. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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