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Khorram-Manesh A, Burkle FM. The Role of Health Care and Health Security in War, Disaster & Crisis Preparedness. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e250. [PMID: 39494989 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Health care and health security are the fundamental pillars of disaster preparedness and crisis management. An established routine health care is necessary for any society, enabling full access to care and fulfilling the rights of every individual. Health security, on the other hand, is what a society needs to be flexible in managing an unexpected situation. To overcome a disaster with minimal damage or to avert such a critical situation, health care and health security should exist simultaneously. Thus, resilience in disaster preparedness and crisis management requires investment in both health care and health security. This ensures local public health services and infrastructure, local ambulances, both acute and chronic care referral systems, prompt vaccinations, and prevention of communicable diseases to name but a few. These measures which have proven to be the most sensitive evaluation of fair governance are critically absent in several nations, particularly in areas with long-standing conflicts. Strengthening health care and health security measures are paramount to the maintenance of the health system in peace and recovery of health delivery post-conflict and require political and economic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khorram-Manesh
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Disaster Medicine Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group (GEMREG), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Titi I, El Sharif N. Factors Associated with Supportive Care Needs Among Palestinian Women with Breast Cancer in the West Bank: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3663. [PMID: 39518101 PMCID: PMC11545701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16213663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women in Palestine, where the need for supportive care frequently goes unmet. Therefore, this study aims to assess the supportive care services provided at the governmental hospitals in the southern area of the West Bank and to determine the factors associated with the unmet needs of these services. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 362 women with BC. Data were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire that included the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34), patients' sociodemographic, economic, and clinical characteristics, as well as familial history of cancer and social support. Results: The study revealed that 61% of participants had unmet supportive care needs, with health system information, physical support, and psychological support being the most unmet needs. Factors contributing to unmet needs included age, marital status, familial support, and a family history of cancer. Chemotherapy and surgery increased the probability of physical care needs by fivefold, while hormone therapy reduced the probability of psychological needs (AOR = 0.36, p < 0.001) and patient care and support needs (AOR = 0.49, p = 0.01). Additionally, radiotherapy reduced sexual care needs by 58% and biological therapy by 60%. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for enhanced supportive care services for BC patients in the West Bank, especially regarding health system information, physical care, and psychological support. Addressing these needs through targeted interventions could significantly improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam Titi
- School of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 51000, Palestine
- Ministry of Health, Ramallah P606, Palestine
| | - Nuha El Sharif
- School of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 51000, Palestine
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Ijaz N, Habib AR. Public Health Crisis in Gaza-The Responsibility of US-Based Academic Medical Journals. JAMA 2024; 332:13-14. [PMID: 38814748 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this Viewpoint, the authors write that US-based medical journals have an obligation to create space for discourse about the human costs of war and other political drivers of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Ijaz
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anand R Habib
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Babish YR, Nammoura L, Abu-Asabeh K. The Effects of Culture and Gender on Occupational Therapy Practice for Adults: From Palestinian Therapists' Perspective. Occup Ther Health Care 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38860889 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2024.2366331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
As the occupational therapy profession is rooted in Western ideals, it may encounter complexities in culturally traditional settings like Palestine, especially for adults. This study reveals the challenges faced by occupational therapists in Palestine. A phenomenological qualitative approach was used, interviewing six experienced female therapists using semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling ensured a diverse participant selection. Thematic analysis revealed several key themes, such as the continuous adaptation to Western practices to fit the Palestinian context, the value of interdependence, and the unique life balance. Results show that cultural and gender norms significantly shape occupational therapy practices in Palestine. The discussion emphasizes the theoretical necessity for cultural sensitivity in occupational therapy, advocating alignment with local values and addressing resource limitations for effective service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef R Babish
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bethlehem University, Palestine
| | - Lama Nammoura
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bethlehem University, Palestine
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Landesman LY, Rubinstein RA, Englander BS. Peacebuilding Through Cooperation in Health Care and Public Health Between Israel and Palestine. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2024; 30:315-318. [PMID: 38603739 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Young Landesman
- Author Affiliations: The Maxwell School of Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York (Dr Rubinstein); Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Englander); and Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Englander). Dr Landesman is retired from the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation
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El Jabari C, Nawajah I, Takruri AT, Hassan S. Barriers to Elderly Health Care in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES 2024; 54:143-150. [PMID: 38018086 DOI: 10.1177/27551938231217413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined different barriers to the access and utilization of primary health care services by the elderly in the occupied Palestinians territories. We collected quantitative data from a larger convenience sample of a national survey of 1299 persons in the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt) that examined the effects of Israel's colonization and its effects on health care delivery between October 2021 and February 2022. The research tool was based on the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) questionnaire. The data was obtained from 76 elderly participants with a mean age of 68.33 years standard deviation (SD = 7.09 years). The majority (75%) reported having at least one chronic health issue and having limited access to health care. They had all finished at least six years of education. The participants claimed having health insurance, while 47.4 percent reported paying for out-of-pocket expenses and medical care was a burden. Access and affordability of health care was a problem for 70 percent of participants. Older persons and their families face access to care issues created by political, geographic, and economic barriers. Poor incomes, war-like conditions, a weak health care system, and a lack of comprehensive care delivery all impact their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inad Nawajah
- Mathematics Department, Hebron University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Adel T Takruri
- Nursing Department, Hebron University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Sahar Hassan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University West Bank, Birzeit, Palestine
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Nathani K, Lee WC, Taha S, Horino M, Seita A, Serag H. The Association Between Mental Well-Being and School Attendance Among Palestinian Adolescent Refugees in UNRWA Schools. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:339-350. [PMID: 35669389 PMCID: PMC9142786 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent refugees experience psychosocial stressors, including traumatic events, poverty, and loss of home and family. Exposure to conflict affects mental well-being in Palestinian adolescent refugees. Adolescent girls are among those vulnerable to post-traumatic stress associated with living in conflict zones, We assessed the association between reported mental well-being and school attendance among Palestinian adolescent refugees in UNRWA schools in Occupied Palestinian Territories, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. We also examined differences based on gender and place of residence, Palestinian adolescent refugees with certain mental well-being concerns were more likely to miss more days of school. Generally, females reported higher rates of loneliness and worry, but males were more likely to miss school. Gender-based differences were highest in Lebanon and least in the West Bank, More school-based and community-based mental well-being interventions are needed. Female-tailored programs are needed, especially in Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Nathani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX USA
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine – Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shaden Taha
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX USA
| | - Masako Horino
- Health Department, United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Amman, Jordan
| | - Akihiro Seita
- Health Department, United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Amman, Jordan
| | - Hani Serag
- Department of Internal Medicine – Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
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Mitwalli S, Hammoudeh W, Giacaman R, Harding R. Access to advanced cancer care services in the West Bank-occupied Palestinian territory. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1120783. [PMID: 37007067 PMCID: PMC10062449 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) identifies the provision of palliative care for people with advanced disease as an essential health service. Palliative care is also stipulated as a human right under existing covenants. Oncology services provided by the Palestinian Authority under Israeli military occupation are limited to surgery and chemotherapy treatment. Our study aimed to describe the experiences of patients with advanced-stage cancer in the West Bank in accessing oncology services and meeting their health care needs.MethodologyWe conducted a qualitative study among adult patients diagnosed with advanced lung, colon, or breast cancer in three Palestinian governmental hospitals, and with oncologists. Thematic analysis was conducted on the verbatim interview transcripts.ResultsThe sample consisted of 22 Palestinian patients (10 men and 12 women) and 3 practicing oncologists. The findings reveal that cancer care is fragmented, with limited access to the services needed. Patients face referral delays in accessing treatment which worsen their health condition in some cases. Some patients reported difficulties in getting Israeli permits to access radiotherapy treatment in East-Jerusalem, and others experienced interruptions of their chemotherapy treatment sessions due to the unavailability of chemotherapy medications caused by Israeli-side delays. Other reported problems were related to the Palestinian health system and service delivery and quality, including fragmentation of services, infrastructure issues, and unavailability of medications. Advanced diagnostic services and palliative care are almost absent at Palestinian governmental hospitals, and patients need to seek these services in the private sector.ConclusionThe data demonstrate specific access restrictions to cancer care in the West Bank due to Israeli military occupation of Palestinian land. This affects all stages of the care pathway, from restricted diagnosis services, to limited treatment and then poor availability of palliative care. Cancer patients will continue to suffer if the root causes of these structural constraints are not addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Mitwalli
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
- *Correspondence: Suzan Mitwalli,
| | - Weeam Hammoudeh
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Rita Giacaman
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Richard Harding
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Barhoush Y, Amon JJ. Medical apartheid in Palestine. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2201612. [PMID: 37088108 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2201612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (1974) and Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) recognise apartheid as a crime against humanity, characterised by a practice of systematic oppression and violations of human rights with the intent of one racial group to maintain domination over another. The term 'medical apartheid', although without a formal definition in international human rights law, has been used similarly to refer to situations of pervasive segregation and discrimination in health care, based upon race, and characterised by stark inequality in health care accessibility, availability, acceptability, and quality. This paper, using a combination of literature review; data on attacks on Palestinian health facilities, workers, and transport; and information from Palestinian and Israeli government authorities on referrals to specialised health care services, examines the ways in which Israeli policies and practices can be understood to constitute a form of 'medical apartheid' that deprives Arab residents of the Palestinian territories the full realisation of their right to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazid Barhoush
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph J Amon
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tanous O, Asi Y, Hammoudeh W, Mills D, Wispelwey B. Structural racism and the health of Palestinian citizens of Israel. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2214608. [PMID: 37209155 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2214608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Palestinian citizens of Israel (PCI) constitute almost 20% of the Israeli population. Despite having access to one of the most efficient healthcare systems in the world, PCI have shorter life expectancy and significantly worse health outcomes compared to the Jewish Israeli population. While several studies have analysed the social and policy determinants driving these health inequities, direct discussion of structural racism as their overarching etiology has been limited. This article situates the social determinants of health of PCI and their health outcomes as stemming from settler colonialism and resultant structural racism by exploring how Palestinians came to be a racialized minority in their homeland. In utilising critical race theory and a settler colonial analysis, we provide a structural and historically responsible reading of the health of PCI and suggest that dismantling legally codified racial discrimination is the first step to achieving health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Tanous
- FXB Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yara Asi
- FXB Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weeam Hammoudeh
- FXB Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Mills
- FXB Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bram Wispelwey
- FXB Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Abukhattab S, Kull M, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Cissé G, Crump L, Hattendorf J, Zinsstag J. Towards a One Health Food Safety Strategy for Palestine: A Mixed-Method Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1359. [PMID: 36290016 PMCID: PMC9598066 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Foodborne diseases, together with increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), pose a threat to public health in an era of huge challenges with climate change and the risks of zoonotic epidemics. A One Health approach to foster food safety is a key for improvement, particularly in complex socio-ecological systems such as in Palestine, to examine human-animal-environment interfaces and promote intersectoral action. Objectives: This study aimed to assess food safety from farm to public health toward an operational One Health strategy for Palestine. This study evaluates the food production (broiler production) and monitoring system to better understanding the zoonotic foodborne illnesses transmission and their resistance to antimicrobials. Methods: The transdisciplinary approach included multi-stakeholder discussion groups and field visits to broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and meat stores in the Ramallah and Al-Bireh and Jerusalem districts using a semi-structured observational tool. A survey with 337 poultry producers and workers in slaughterhouses and meat stores was conducted to assess hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices during broiler meat production. Results: The stakeholders point out various challenges along the food production chain in Palestine, such as a striking scarcity of public slaughterhouses, insufficient coordination between authorities, a gap between public and private sectors, and inconsistent application of the law. From observations, it appears that, unlike traditional broiler production, the public slaughterhouses and meat markets have effective hygiene, while large-scale farms implement biosecurity measures. Overall, surveyed participants reported that they are aware of zoonotic disease transmission routes and value hygiene standards. Semi-structured observations and survey results are contradictory. Observations indicate poor hygiene practices; however, the vast majority of broiler meat production chain workers claim that hygiene standards are met. Discussion and Conclusions: Our study found that the overuse of antimicrobials, system fragmentation, insufficient infrastructure, a lack of regulations and controls, and poor hygiene practices are among the main obstacles to improving food safety in Palestine. Considering the risk of an important human health burden of food-related illnesses, enhancing food safety in Palestine is required using an integrated One Health approach. It is crucial to develop an integrated quality control system for food production along with promoting on-farm biosecurity and antimicrobial stewardship. Infrastructure, especially slaughterhouses and laboratories, must be built, training and education provided, and consumer awareness raised. As an important added value within a One Health strategy for better food safety in Palestine, research should be reinforced and accompany any future development of the food production monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Abukhattab
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Kull
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Guéladio Cissé
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Crump
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
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Sathish Kumar L, Routray S, Prabu AV, Rajasoundaran S, Pandimurugan V, Mukherjee A, Al-Numay MS. Artificial intelligence based health indicator extraction and disease symptoms identification using medical hypothesis models. CLUSTER COMPUTING 2022; 26:1-13. [PMID: 36034677 PMCID: PMC9396605 DOI: 10.1007/s10586-022-03697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Patient health record analysis models assist the medical field to understand the current stands and medical needs. Similarly, collecting and analyzing the disease features are the best practice for encouraging medical researchers to understand the research problems. Various research works evolve the way of medical data analysis schemes to know the actual challenges against the diseases. The computer-based diagnosis models and medical data analysis models are widely applied to have a better understanding of different diseases. Particularly, the field of medical electronics needs appropriate health indicator extraction models in near future. The existing medical schemes support baseline solutions but lack optimal hypothesis-based solutions. This work describes the optimal hypothesis model and Akin procedures for health record users, to aid health sectors in clinical decision-making on health indications. This work proposes Medical Hypothesis and Health Indicators Extraction from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) patient examination database using the Akin Method and Friendship method. In this Health Indicators and Disease Symptoms Extraction (HIDSE), the evidence checking procedures find and collect all possible medical evidence from the existing patient examination report. Akin Method is making the hypothesis decision from count-based evidence principles. The health indicators extraction scheme extracts all relevant information based on the health indicators query and partial input. Similarly, the friendship method is used for making information associations between medical data attributes. This Akin-Friendship model helps to build hypothesis structures and trait-based feature extraction principles. This is called as Composite Akin Friendship Model (CAFM). This proposed model consists of various test cases for developing the medical hypothesis systems. On the other hand, it provides limited accuracy in disease classification. In this regard, the proposed HIDSE implements Deep Learning (DL) based Akin Friendship Method (DLAFM) for improving the accuracy of this medical hypothesis model. The proposed DLAFM, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) associated Legacy Prediction Model for Health Indicator (LPHI) is developed to tune the CAFM principles. The results show the proposed health indicator extraction scheme has 8-10% of better system performance than other existing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Sathish Kumar
- School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT University, Bhopal, India
| | - Sidheswar Routray
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat India
| | - A. V. Prabu
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India
| | - S. Rajasoundaran
- School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT University, Bhopal, India
| | - V. Pandimurugan
- School of Computing, Department of Networking and Communications, SRMIST, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai, 603203 India
| | - Amrit Mukherjee
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Numay
- Department of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
In this article, we address the nature of syndemics and whether, as some have asserted, these epidemiological phenomena are global configurations. Our argument that syndemics are not global rests on recognition that they are composed of social/environment contexts, disease clusters, demographics, and biologies that vary across locations. These points are illustrated with the cases of syndemics involving COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, and HIV/AIDS. We draw on theoretical discourse from epidemiology, biology, and anthropology to present what we believe is a more accurate framework for thinking about syndemics with shared elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill Singer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicola Bulled
- InCHIP, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Leatherman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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