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Bugoni M, Takiya CS, Grigoletto NTS, Vittorazzi Júnior PC, Nunes AT, Chesini RG, da Silva GG, Durman T, Pettigrew JE, Rennó FP. Feeding amylolytic and proteolytic exogenous enzymes: Effects on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3192-3202. [PMID: 36907755 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous enzymes are added to diets to improve nutrient utilization and feed efficiency. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary exogenous enzyme products with amylolytic (Amaize, Alltech) and proteolytic (Vegpro, Alltech) activity on performance, excretion of purine derivatives, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. A total of 24 Holstein cows, 4 of which were ruminally cannulated (161 ± 88 d in milk, 681 ± 96 body weight, and 35.2 ± 5.2 kg/d of milk yield), were blocked by milk yield, days in milk, and body weight, and then distributed in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Experimental periods lasted 21 d, of which the first 14 d were allowed for treatment adaptation and the last 7 d were used for data collection. Treatments were as follows: (1) control (CON) with no feed additives, (2) amylolytic enzyme product added at 0.5 g/kg diet dry matter (DM; AML), (3) amylolytic enzyme product at 0.5 g/kg of diet DM and proteolytic enzyme product at 0.2 g/kg of diet DM (low level; APL), and (4) amylolytic enzyme products added at 0.5 g/kg diet DM and proteolytic enzyme product at 0.4 g/kg of diet DM (high level; APH). Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute Inc.). Differences between treatments were analyzed by orthogonal contrasts: CON versus all enzyme groups (ENZ); AML versus APL+APH; and APL versus APH. Dry matter intake was not affected by treatments. Sorting index for feed particles with size <4 mm was lower for ENZ group than for CON. Total-tract apparent digestibility of DM and nutrients (organic matter, starch, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, and ether extract) were similar between CON and ENZ. Starch digestibility was greater in cows fed APL and APH treatments (86.3%) compared with those in the AML group (83.6%). Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was greater in APH cows compared with those in the APL group (58.1 and 55.2%, respectively). Ruminal pH and NH3-N concentration were not affected by treatments. Molar percentage of propionate tended to be greater in cows fed ENZ treatments than in those fed CON. Molar percentage of propionate was greater in cows fed AML than those fed the blends of amylase and protease (19.2 and 18.5%, respectively). Purine derivative excretions in urine and milk were similar in cows fed ENZ and CON. Uric acid excretion tended to be greater in cows consuming APL and APH than in those in the AML group. Serum urea N concentration tended to be greater in cows fed ENZ than in those fed CON. Milk yield was greater in cows fed ENZ treatments compared with CON (32.0, 33.1, 33.1, and 33.3 kg/d for CON, AML, APL, and APH, respectively). Fat-corrected milk and lactose yields were higher when feeding ENZ. Feed efficiency tended to be greater in cows fed ENZ than in those fed CON. Feeding ENZ benefited cows' performance, whereas the effects on nutrient digestibility were more pronounced when the combination of amylase and protease was fed at the highest dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Bugoni
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Caio S Takiya
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Nathalia T S Grigoletto
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alanne T Nunes
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Chesini
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G da Silva
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco P Rennó
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Sanguine IS, Cavalheiro GF, Garcia NFL, Santos MVD, Gandra JR, Goes RHDTEBD, Paz MFD, Fonseca GG, Leite RSR. Xylanases of Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma pseudokoningii: Production, characterization and application as additives in the digestibility of forage for cattle. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Vittorazzi PC, Marques JA, Takiya CS, Chesini RG, Bugoni M, da Silva GG, Nunes AT, Silva TBP, Dias MSS, Grigoletto NTS, Cortinhas CS, Acedo TS, Renno FP. Increasing doses of carbohydrases: Effects on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and performance of mid-lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12508-12519. [PMID: 34600703 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous enzymes on nutrient intake and digestibility, rumen fermentation, and productivity of mid-lactating cows. Experiment 1 was designed to test increasing doses [0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g/kg of dry matter (DM)] of a combination of 2 enzyme products with xylanase and β-glucanase activities (Ronozyme Wx and Ronozyme VP, respectively; DSM Nutritional Products) on rumen fermentation and total apparent digestibility. Enzyme combinations had a ratio of endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase to endo-1,4-β-xylanase of 8:2 (wt/wt). For experiment 1, 8 rumen cannulated lactating cows were used into a double 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with 14 d of diet adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Despite no differences in feed intake, carbohydrases linearly increased neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Treatments marginally affected rumen fermentation, where a linear trend for lower rumen pH and a linear trend for greater isobutyrate concentration were observed with increasing enzyme dose. A trend for lower rumen NH3-N concentration was observed for cows receiving carbohydrases in comparison with control group. When comparing all enzyme treatments against control group, cows fed enzymes tended to produce more 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), produced more milk fat, and had greater blood glucose concentration. Experiment 2 evaluated 3 doses (0, 0.5, or 0.75 g/kg of DM) of the same combination of enzyme products on performance of cows (n = 36) in a complete randomized block (n = 12) design. Cows received treatments for 9 wk. No interaction effects between treatments and time were observed for all variables assessed in this study. In agreement with experiment 1, no differences were detected for feed intake, but cows fed the enzyme products tended to produce more 3.5% FCM and milk fat compared with control. In addition, cows fed enzymes exhibited greater efficiency of FCM production (FCM ÷ DM intake) compared with control. No differences were detected for intake and productivity when comparing the 2 doses of carbohydrases. In summary, the enzyme products tested in this study may improve feed efficiency due to greater milk fat concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo César Vittorazzi
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Julia A Marques
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Caio S Takiya
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Rodrigo G Chesini
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Milena Bugoni
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Guilherme G da Silva
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Alanne T Nunes
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Tássia B P Silva
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Mauro S S Dias
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Nathalia T S Grigoletto
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | | | | | - Francisco P Renno
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900.
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Brumm P, Land ML, Hauser LJ, Jeffries CD, Chang YJ, Mead DA. Complete genome sequences of Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52, a xylan-degrading strain isolated from obsidian hot spring in Yellowstone National Park. Stand Genomic Sci 2015; 10:81. [PMID: 26500717 PMCID: PMC4617443 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-015-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52 was isolated from Obsidian Hot Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Montana, USA under permit from the National Park Service. The genome was sequenced, assembled, and annotated by the DOE Joint Genome Institute and deposited at the NCBI in December 2011 (CP002835). Based on 16S rRNA genes and average nucleotide identity, Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52 and the related Geobacillus sp. Y412MC61 appear to be members of a new species of Geobacillus. The genome of Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52 consists of one circular chromosome of 3,628,883 bp, an average G + C content of 52 % and one circular plasmid of 45,057 bp and an average G + C content of 45 %. Y412MC52 possesses arabinan, arabinoglucuronoxylan, and aromatic acid degradation clusters for degradation of hemicellulose from biomass. Transport and utilization clusters are also present for other carbohydrates including starch, cellobiose, and α- and β-galactooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yun-Juan Chang
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
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Brumm P, Land ML, Hauser LJ, Jeffries CD, Chang YJ, Mead DA. Complete genome sequences of Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52, a xylan-degrading strain isolated from obsidian hot spring in Yellowstone National Park. Stand Genomic Sci 2015. [PMID: 26500717 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-015-0075-0 10.1186/s40793-016-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52 was isolated from Obsidian Hot Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Montana, USA under permit from the National Park Service. The genome was sequenced, assembled, and annotated by the DOE Joint Genome Institute and deposited at the NCBI in December 2011 (CP002835). Based on 16S rRNA genes and average nucleotide identity, Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52 and the related Geobacillus sp. Y412MC61 appear to be members of a new species of Geobacillus. The genome of Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52 consists of one circular chromosome of 3,628,883 bp, an average G + C content of 52 % and one circular plasmid of 45,057 bp and an average G + C content of 45 %. Y412MC52 possesses arabinan, arabinoglucuronoxylan, and aromatic acid degradation clusters for degradation of hemicellulose from biomass. Transport and utilization clusters are also present for other carbohydrates including starch, cellobiose, and α- and β-galactooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yun-Juan Chang
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
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Brumm PJ, Land ML, Mead DA. Complete genome sequence of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius C56-YS93, a novel biomass degrader isolated from obsidian hot spring in Yellowstone National Park. Stand Genomic Sci 2015; 10:73. [PMID: 26442136 PMCID: PMC4593210 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-015-0031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius C56-YS93 was one of several thermophilic organisms isolated from Obsidian Hot Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Montana, USA under permit from the National Park Service. Comparison of 16 S rRNA sequences confirmed the classification of the strain as a G. thermoglucosidasius species. The genome was sequenced, assembled, and annotated by the DOE Joint Genome Institute and deposited at the NCBI in December 2011 (CP002835). The genome of G. thermoglucosidasius C56-YS93 consists of one circular chromosome of 3,893,306 bp and two circular plasmids of 80,849 and 19,638 bp and an average G + C content of 43.93 %. G. thermoglucosidasius C56-YS93 possesses a xylan degradation cluster not found in the other G. thermoglucosidasius sequenced strains. This cluster appears to be related to the xylan degradation cluster found in G. stearothermophilus. G. thermoglucosidasius C56-YS93 possesses two plasmids not found in the other two strains. One plasmid contains a novel gene cluster coding for proteins involved in proline degradation and metabolism, the other contains a collection of mostly hypothetical proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Brumm
- Lucigen Corporation, Middleton, WI USA ; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | | | - David A Mead
- Lucigen Corporation, Middleton, WI USA ; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
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Brumm PJ, De Maayer P, Mead DA, Cowan DA. Genomic analysis of six new Geobacillus strains reveals highly conserved carbohydrate degradation architectures and strategies. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:430. [PMID: 26029180 PMCID: PMC4428132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report the whole genome sequences of six new Geobacillus xylanolytic strains along with the genomic analysis of their capability to degrade carbohydrates. The six sequenced Geobacillus strains described here have a range of GC contents from 43.9% to 52.5% and clade with named Geobacillus species throughout the entire genus. We have identified a ~200 kb unique super-cluster in all six strains, containing five to eight distinct carbohydrate degradation clusters in a single genomic region, a feature not seen in other genera. The Geobacillus strains rely on a small number of secreted enzymes located within distinct clusters for carbohydrate utilization, in contrast to most biomass-degrading organisms which contain numerous secreted enzymes located randomly throughout the genomes. All six strains are able to utilize fructose, arabinose, xylose, mannitol, gluconate, xylan, and α-1,6-glucosides. The gene clusters for utilization of these seven substrates have identical organization and the individual proteins have a high percent identity to their homologs. The strains show significant differences in their ability to utilize inositol, sucrose, lactose, α-mannosides, α-1,4-glucosides and arabinan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J. Brumm
- C5•6 TechnologiesMiddleton, WI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | - Pieter De Maayer
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - David A. Mead
- C5•6 TechnologiesMiddleton, WI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- Lucigen CorporationMiddleton, WI, USA
| | - Don A. Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Genomics Research Institute, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
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Brumm P, Land ML, Hauser LJ, Jeffries CD, Chang YJ, Mead DA. Complete genome sequences of Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52, a xylan-degrading strain isolated from obsidian hot spring in Yellowstone National Park. Stand Genomic Sci 2015. [PMID: 26500717 PMCID: PMC4617443 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-015-0075-0+10.1186/s40793-016-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52 was isolated from Obsidian Hot Spring, Yellowstone National Park, Montana, USA under permit from the National Park Service. The genome was sequenced, assembled, and annotated by the DOE Joint Genome Institute and deposited at the NCBI in December 2011 (CP002835). Based on 16S rRNA genes and average nucleotide identity, Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52 and the related Geobacillus sp. Y412MC61 appear to be members of a new species of Geobacillus. The genome of Geobacillus sp. Y412MC52 consists of one circular chromosome of 3,628,883 bp, an average G + C content of 52 % and one circular plasmid of 45,057 bp and an average G + C content of 45 %. Y412MC52 possesses arabinan, arabinoglucuronoxylan, and aromatic acid degradation clusters for degradation of hemicellulose from biomass. Transport and utilization clusters are also present for other carbohydrates including starch, cellobiose, and α- and β-galactooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yun-Juan Chang
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
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Effects of xylanase supplementation on ruminal digestibility in fistulated non-lactating dairy cows fed rice straw. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Effects of Supplementing a Fibrolytic Feed Enzyme on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Steers1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cruywagen C, van Zyl W. Effects of a fungal enzyme cocktail treatment of high and low forage diets on lamb growth. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Effects of an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme preparation on in vitro ruminal fermentation of three forages and their isolated cell walls. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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