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Du X, Zhou L, Li Y, Zhang F, Wang L, Yao J, Chen X, Liu S, Cao Y. Effects of yak rumen anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. YF3 fermented on in vitro wheat straw fermentation and microbial communities in dairy goat rumen fluid, with and without fungal flora. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38685575 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Rumen fungi play an essential role in the breakdown of dietary fibrous components, facilitating the provision of nutrients and energy to the host animals. This study investigated the fermentation characteristics and effects on rumen microbiota of yak rumen anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. YF3 in goat rumen fluid, both with and without fungal flora, utilizing anaerobic fermentation bottles. Crushed and air-dried wheat straw served as the fermentation substrate, and cycloheximide was used to eradicate microorganisms from the rumen fluid of dairy goats. The experiment compromised four treatment groups (2×2 factorial design): control (C); yak fungus group (CF, Orpinomyces sp. YF3); goat fungi eliminated group (CA, antibiotic: 0.25 mg/mL cycloheximide); goat fungi eliminated+yak fungus group (CAF). Each treatment had six replicates. Fermentation characteristics and microbial composition of the fermentation media were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and high-throughput sequencing technology. The findings revealed that in the Orpinomyces sp. YF3 addition group (CF and CAF groups), there were significant increases in ammonia nitrogen concentration by 70%, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) by 53%, as well as acetate, isobutyrate, and valerate concentrations, and the ratio of acetate to propionate (p < 0.05), while the propionate proportion declined by 13%, alongside a reduction of butyrate concentration (p < 0.05). Similarly, in the CF and CAF groups, there were a notable increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Synergistota, Desulfobacterota, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteriota, alongside a decrease in the relative abundance of Fibrobacterota and Proteobacteria (p < 0.05). Bacteria exhibiting increased relative abundance were positively correlated with the activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and avicelase, total VFA concentration, and acetate proportion, while showing a negatively correlation with propionate proportion. In conclusion, supplementing rumen fermentation media with yak rumen anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. YF3 led to an increase in bacteria associated with fibre degradation and acetic acid production, a decrease in propionate-producing bacteria, enhanced the activity of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, and promoted cellulose degradation, ultimately elevating total VAF concentration and acetate proportion. This presents a novel approach to enhance roughage utilization in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lamei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shimin Liu
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Król B, Słupczyńska M, Wilk M, Asghar M, Cwynar P. Anaerobic rumen fungi and fungal direct-fed microbials
in ruminant feeding. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/153961/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wei Y, Yang H, Wang Z, Zhao J, Qi H, Wang C, Zhang J, Yang T. Roughage biodegradation by natural co-cultures of rumen fungi and methanogens from Qinghai yaks. AMB Express 2022; 12:123. [PMID: 36121525 PMCID: PMC9485394 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic fungus–methanogen co-cultures from rumen liquids and faeces can degrade lignocellulose efficiently. In this study, 31 fungus–methanogen co-cultures were first obtained from the rumen of yaks grazing in Qinghai Province, China, using the Hungate roll-tube technique. The fungi were identified according to morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The methanogens associated with each fungus were identified by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. They were five co-culture types: Neocallimastix frontalis + Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Neocallimastix frontalis + Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii, Orpinomyces joyonii + Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Caecomyces communis + Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, and Caecomyces communis + Methanobrevibacter millerae. Among the 31 co-cultures, during the 5-day incubation, the N. frontalis + M. gottschalkii co-culture YakQH5 degraded 59.0%–68.1% of the dry matter (DM) and 49.5%–59.7% of the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of wheat straw, corn stalk, rice straw, oat straw and sorghum straw to produce CH4 (3.0–4.6 mmol/g DM) and acetate (7.3–8.6 mmol/g DM) as end-products. Ferulic acid (FA) released at 4.8 mg/g DM on corn stalk and p-coumaric acid (PCA) released at 11.7 mg/g DM on sorghum straw showed the highest values, with the following peak values of enzyme activities: xylanase at 12,910 mU/mL on wheat straw, ferulic acid esterase (FAE) at 10.5 mU/mL on corn stalk, and p-coumaric acid esterase (CAE) at 20.5 mU/mL on sorghum straw. The N. frontalis + M. gottschalkii co-culture YakQH5 from Qinghai yaks represents a new efficient combination for lignocellulose biodegradation, performing better than previously reported fungus–methanogen co-cultures from the digestive tract of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Anaerobic Microbes, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, No. 197 Dingxi South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Center for Anaerobic Microbes, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, No. 197 Dingxi South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Center for Anaerobic Microbes, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, No. 197 Dingxi South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Center for Anaerobic Microbes, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, No. 197 Dingxi South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Center for Anaerobic Microbes, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, No. 197 Dingxi South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Center for Anaerobic Microbes, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, No. 197 Dingxi South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Center for Anaerobic Microbes, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, No. 197 Dingxi South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Ma J, Zhong P, Li Y, Sun Z, Sun X, Aung M, Hao L, Cheng Y, Zhu W. Hydrogenosome, Pairing Anaerobic Fungi and H2-Utilizing Microorganisms Based on Metabolic Ties to Facilitate Biomass Utilization. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040338. [PMID: 35448569 PMCID: PMC9026988 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi, though low in abundance in rumen, play an important role in the degradation of forage for herbivores. When only anaerobic fungi exist in the fermentation system, the continuous accumulation of metabolites (e.g., hydrogen (H2) and formate) generated from their special metabolic organelles—the hydrogenosome—inhibits the enzymatic reactions in the hydrogenosome and reduces the activity of the anaerobic fungi. However, due to interspecific H2 transfer, H2 produced by the hydrogenosome can be used by other microorganisms to form valued bioproducts. This symbiotic interaction between anaerobic fungi and other microorganisms can be used to improve the nutritional value of animal feeds and produce value-added products that are normally in low concentrations in the fermentation system. Because of the important role in the generation and further utilization of H2, the study of the hydrogensome is increasingly becoming an important part of the development of anaerobic fungi as model organisms that can effectively improve the utilization value of roughage. Here, we summarize and discuss the classification and the process of biomass degradation of anaerobic fungi and the metabolism and function of anaerobic fungal hydrogensome, with a focus on the potential role of the hydrogensome in the efficient utilization of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.); (X.S.); (M.A.); (W.Z.)
| | - Pei Zhong
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.); (X.S.); (M.A.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yuqi Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.); (X.S.); (M.A.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhanying Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.); (X.S.); (M.A.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.); (X.S.); (M.A.); (W.Z.)
| | - Min Aung
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.); (X.S.); (M.A.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Science, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Plateau Yak Research Center, Qinghai Academy of Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.); (X.S.); (M.A.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-5523
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.S.); (X.S.); (M.A.); (W.Z.)
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Schulz D, Pšenková-Profousová I, Červená B, Procter M, Neba TF, Modrý D, Petrželková KJ, Qablan MA. Occurrence and diversity of anaerobic gut fungi in wild forest elephants and buffaloes inhabiting two separated forest ecosystems in Central West Africa. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Schulz
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Pšenková-Profousová
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Červená
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miranda Procter
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; e-mail: ,
| | - Terence Fuh Neba
- World Wildlife Fund, Primate Habituation Project, Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Bangui, Central African Republic; e-mail:
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: ,
| | - Klára J. Petrželková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: ,
| | - Moneeb A. Qablan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; e-mail: ,
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Chanu YM, Paul SS, Dey A, Dahiya SS. Reducing Ruminal Ammonia Production With Improvement in Feed Utilization Efficiency and Performance of Murrah Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) Through Dietary Supplementation of Plant-Based Feed Additive Blend. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:464. [PMID: 33015136 PMCID: PMC7461841 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the potential of blends of eucalyptus oil and aqueous extract of mulethi (root of Glycyrrhiza glabra) to reduce rate of ruminal ammonia production without affecting feed digestion to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency and performance of Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Based on preliminary independent studies with graded doses of eucalyptus oil and mulethi root aqueous extract in modulating in vitro rumen fermentation, four blends of feed additive comprising graded doses (5, 10, 15, and 25 μL) of eucalyptus oil and a fixed quantity (15 μL) of aqueous extract of mulethi roots were prepared and examined for their effects on in vitro rumen fermentation and on methane and gas production in 100-mL calibrated glass syringes by standard IVGP protocol. Rumen liquor was collected from four rumen fistulated Murrah buffaloes fed a total mixed ration. Out of four blends, blend-1 comprising 5 μL of eucalyptus oil and 15 μL of aqueous extract (233.6 g/L DW) of mulethi per 40 mL of in vitro medium was found to reduce ammonia production significantly (p < 0.001) without affecting feed digestibility. An equivalent dose of blend-1 (10.5 mL of eucalyptus oil and 7.35 g of mulethi root powder/h/day) fed to four rumen fistulated buffaloes for 24 days resulted in 50% reduction (p < 0.05) in rumen ammonia level with no inhibition in feed fermentation or short-chain fatty acid production. The total bacterial population including Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Megasphaera elsdenii as well as anaerobic fungi and methanogenic archaea remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Twelve buffalo calves (avg. BW 137.5 ± 9.2 kg, 8–12 months old) divided into two groups of six each and fed a total mixed ration (concentrate: roughage; 60:40) with or without supplementation of blend-1 for about 3 months demonstrated 14% increase (p < 0.05) in average daily gain in BW with a trend (p < 0.10) in improvement of feed or protein utilization efficiency (1.4 vs. 1.1 g crude protein/g average daily gain; 21.4% increase). Thus, supplementation of eucalyptus oil–mulethi root blend could reduce ruminal ammonia production and improve feed utilization efficiency in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yendrembam Mery Chanu
- Division of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Paul
- Division of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Avijit Dey
- Division of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Satbir Singh Dahiya
- Division of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
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Saminathan M, Kumari Ramiah S, Gan HM, Abdullah N, Wong CMVL, Ho YW, Idrus Z. In vitro study on the effects of condensed tannins of different molecular weights on bovine rumen fungal population and diversity. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1681304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Han Ming Gan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Norhani Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Yin Wan Ho
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Dagar SS, Kumar S, Mudgil P, Puniya AK. Comparative evaluation of lignocellulolytic activities of filamentous cultures of monocentric and polycentric anaerobic fungi. Anaerobe 2018; 50:76-79. [PMID: 29454109 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen strains of monocentric and polycentric anaerobic fungi were evaluated for cellulase, xylanase and esterase activities. Though strain level variations were observed among all genera, Neocallimastix and Orpinomyces strains exhibited the highest lignocellulolytic activities. The esterase activities of monocentric group of anaerobic fungi were better than the polycentric group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Singh Dagar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Priti Mudgil
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
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Banerjee G, Ray AK. Impact of microbial proteases on biotechnological industries. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2017; 33:119-143. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2017.1408256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
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Wei YQ, Yang HJ, Long RJ, Wang ZY, Cao BB, Ren QC, Wu TT. Characterization of natural co-cultures of Piromyces with Methanobrevibacter ruminantium from yaks grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: a microbial consortium with high potential in plant biomass degradation. AMB Express 2017; 7:160. [PMID: 28789484 PMCID: PMC5545993 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi reside in the gut of herbivore and synergize with associated methanogenic archaea to decompose ingested plant biomass. Despite their potential for use in bioconversion industry, only a few natural fungus–methanogen co-cultures have been isolated and characterized. In this study we identified three co-cultures of Piromyces with Methanobrevibacter ruminantium from the rumen of yaks grazing on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. The representative co-culture, namely (Piromyces + M. ruminantium) Yak-G18, showed remarkable polysaccharide hydrolase production, especially xylanase. Consequently, it was able to degrade various lignocellulose substrates with a biodegrading capability superior to most previously identified fungus or fungus–methanogen co-culture isolates. End-product profiling analysis validated the beneficial metabolic impact of associated methanogen on fungus as revealed by high-yield production of methane and acetate and sustained growth on lignocellulose. Together, our data demonstrated a great potential of (Piromyces + M. ruminantium) Yak-G18 co-culture for use in industrial bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Edwards JE, Forster RJ, Callaghan TM, Dollhofer V, Dagar SS, Cheng Y, Chang J, Kittelmann S, Fliegerova K, Puniya AK, Henske JK, Gilmore SP, O'Malley MA, Griffith GW, Smidt H. PCR and Omics Based Techniques to Study the Diversity, Ecology and Biology of Anaerobic Fungi: Insights, Challenges and Opportunities. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1657. [PMID: 28993761 PMCID: PMC5622200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) are common inhabitants of the digestive tract of mammalian herbivores, and in the rumen, can account for up to 20% of the microbial biomass. Anaerobic fungi play a primary role in the degradation of lignocellulosic plant material. They also have a syntrophic interaction with methanogenic archaea, which increases their fiber degradation activity. To date, nine anaerobic fungal genera have been described, with further novel taxonomic groupings known to exist based on culture-independent molecular surveys. However, the true extent of their diversity may be even more extensively underestimated as anaerobic fungi continue being discovered in yet unexplored gut and non-gut environments. Additionally many studies are now known to have used primers that provide incomplete coverage of the Neocallimastigomycota. For ecological studies the internal transcribed spacer 1 region (ITS1) has been the taxonomic marker of choice, but due to various limitations the large subunit rRNA (LSU) is now being increasingly used. How the continued expansion of our knowledge regarding anaerobic fungal diversity will impact on our understanding of their biology and ecological role remains unclear; particularly as it is becoming apparent that anaerobic fungi display niche differentiation. As a consequence, there is a need to move beyond the broad generalization of anaerobic fungi as fiber-degraders, and explore the fundamental differences that underpin their ability to exist in distinct ecological niches. Application of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to their study in pure/mixed cultures and environmental samples will be invaluable in this process. To date the genomes and transcriptomes of several characterized anaerobic fungal isolates have been successfully generated. In contrast, the application of proteomics and metabolomics to anaerobic fungal analysis is still in its infancy. A central problem for all analyses, however, is the limited functional annotation of anaerobic fungal sequence data. There is therefore an urgent need to expand information held within publicly available reference databases. Once this challenge is overcome, along with improved sample collection and extraction, the application of these techniques will be key in furthering our understanding of the ecological role and impact of anaerobic fungi in the wide range of environments they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E. Edwards
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Forster
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Tony M. Callaghan
- Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for AgricultureFreising, Germany
| | - Veronika Dollhofer
- Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for AgricultureFreising, Germany
| | | | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jongsoo Chang
- Department of Agricultural Science, Korea National Open UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Sandra Kittelmann
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd.Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Katerina Fliegerova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czechia
| | - Anil K. Puniya
- College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityLudhiana, India
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnal, India
| | - John K. Henske
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Sean P. Gilmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Michelle A. O'Malley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Gareth W. Griffith
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
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Wei YQ, Yang HJ, Luan Y, Long RJ, Wu YJ, Wang ZY. Isolation, identification and fibrolytic characteristics of rumen fungi grown with indigenous methanogen from yaks (Bos grunniens) grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:571-87. [PMID: 26910857 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To obtain co-cultures of anaerobic fungi and their indigenously associated methanogens from the rumen of yaks grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and investigate their morphology features and ability to degrade lignocellulose. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty fungus-methanogen co-cultures were obtained by Hungate roll-tube technique. The fungi were identified as Orpinomyces, Neocallimastix and Piromyces genera based on the morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer 1 sequences analysis. All methanogens were identified as Methanobrevibacter sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. There were four types of co-cultures: Neocallimastix with Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Orpinomyces with M. ruminantium, Orpinomyces with Methanobrevibacter millerae and Piromyces with M. ruminantium among 20 co-cultures. In vitro studies with wheat straw as substrate showed that the Neocallimastix with M. ruminantium co-cultures and Piromyces with M. ruminantium co-cultures exhibited higher xylanase, filter paper cellulase (FPase), ferulic acid esterase, acetyl esterase activities, in vitro dry matter digestibility, gas, CH4 , acetate production, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid releases. The Neocallimastix frontalis Yak16 with M. ruminantium co-culture presented the strongest lignocellulose degradation ability among 20 co-cultures. CONCLUSIONS Twenty fungus-methanogen co-cultures were obtained from the rumen of grazing yaks. The N. frontalis with M. ruminantium co-cultures were highly effective combination for developing a fermentative system that bioconverts lignocellulose to high activity fibre-degrading enzyme, CH4 and acetate. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The N. frontalis with M. ruminantium co-cultures from yaks grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau present great potential in lignocellulose biodegradation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Q Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Biological Research, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - H-J Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, China
| | - Y Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, China
| | - R-J Long
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y-J Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Z-Y Wang
- Institute of Biological Research, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Fiber degradation potential of natural co-cultures of Neocallimastix frontalis and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium isolated from yaks (Bos grunniens) grazing on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. Anaerobe 2016; 39:158-64. [PMID: 26979345 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several natural anaerobic fungus-methanogen co-cultures have been isolated from rumen and feces source of herbivores with strong fiber degrading ability. In this study, we isolated 7 Neocallimastix with methanogen co-cultures from the rumen of yaks grazing on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. Based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer 1 sequences (ITS1), all the fungi were identified as Neocallimastix frontalis. The co-cultures were confirmed as the one fungus - one methanogen pattern by the PCR-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) assay. All the methanogens were identified as Methanobrevibacter ruminantium by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. We investigated the biodegrading capacity of the co-culture (N. frontalis + M. ruminantium) Yaktz1 on wheat straw, corn stalk and rice straw in a 7 days-incubation. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD) and neural detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) values of the substrates in the co-culture were significantly higher than those in the mono-culture N. frontalis Yaktz1. The co-culture exhibited high polysaccharide hydrolase (xylanase and FPase) and esterase activities. The xylanase in the co-culture reached the highest activity of 12500 mU/ml on wheat straw at the day 3 of the incubation. At the end of the incubation, 3.00 mmol-3.29 mmol/g dry matter of methane were produced by the co-culture. The co-culture also produced high level of acetate (40.00 mM-45.98 mM) as the end-product during the biodegradation. Interestingly, the N. frontalis Yaktz1 mono-culture produced large amount of lactate (8.27 mM-11.60 mM) and ethanol (163.11 mM-242.14 mM), many times more than those recorded in the previously reported anaerobic fungi. Our data suggests that the (N. frontalis + M. ruminantium) Yaktz1 co-culture and the N. frontalis Yaktz1 mono-culture both have great potentials for different industrial use.
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Isolation, characterization and fibre degradation potential of anaerobic rumen fungi from cattle. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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