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Fonseca A, Kenney S, Van Syoc E, Bierly S, Dini-Andreote F, Silverman J, Boney J, Ganda E. Investigating antibiotic free feed additives for growth promotion in poultry: effects on performance and microbiota. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103604. [PMID: 38484563 PMCID: PMC10951610 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is evolving towards antibiotic-free production to meet market demands and decelerate the increasing spread of the antimicrobial resistance. The growing need for antibiotic free products has challenged producers to decrease or completely stop using antimicrobials as feed supplements in broiler diet to improve feed efficiency, growth rate, and intestinal health. Natural feed additives (e.g., probiotics and phytobiotics) are promising alternatives to substitute antimicrobial growth promoters. The goal of our study was to characterize the effects of a Probiotic and an Essential Oils blend on broilers' performance and perform a time-series analysis to describe their excreta microbiome. A total of 320 Cobb 500 (1-day-old) chicks were raised for 21 d in 32 randomly allocated cages. Treatments consisted of 4 experimental diets: a basal diet, and a basal diet mixed with an Antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate), an essential oils blend (oregano oil, rosemary, and red pepper), or a Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis). Body weight (on 1, 10, and 21d), and feed intake (10d and 21d) were recorded and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Droppings were collected daily (1-21d) to characterize broilers' excreta microbiota by targeted sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The Probiotic significantly improved feed conversion ratio for starter phase 1 to 10d (P = 0.03), grower phase 10 to 21d (P = 0.05), and total period 1 to 21d (P = 0.01) compared to the Antibiotic. Feed supplements did not affect alpha diversity but did impact microbial beta diversity (P < 0.01). Age also impacted microbiome turnover as differences in alpha and beta diversity were detected. Furthermore, when compared to the basal diet, the probiotic and antibiotic significantly impacted relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (log2 fold change -1.44, P = 0.03), Intestinimonas (log2 fold change 0.560, P < 0.01) and Ligilactobacillus (log2 fold change -1.600, P < 0.01). Overall, Probiotic supplementation but not essential oils supplementation positively impacted broilers' growth performance by directly causing directional shifts in broilers' excreta microbiota structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Kenney
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emily Van Syoc
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Stephanie Bierly
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Justin Silverman
- One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Institute for Computational and Data Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - John Boney
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erika Ganda
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Ng CYJ, Gan RY, Wang N, Zhong LLD. Editorial: Medical food therapy for post-COVID conditions: mechanism and clinical study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1409093. [PMID: 38689934 PMCID: PMC11058979 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1409093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Jie Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linda L. D. Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Thamarai R, Sivaprakasam T, Kamaraj C, Harikrishnan D, Thiyagarajan JSP, Kadaikunnan S, Swaminathan J, Mani K, Prabhakaran R, Sukumar V, Subramaniam K. Impact of THIONIL® on reducing water and soil micro-pollutant and enhancement of growth, survival, anti-vibrio, immunity and health indices of Litopenaeus vannamei in pond trial. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:93. [PMID: 38150146 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent requirement for the improvement of the white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei; health-related indices; and immunity due to emerging diseases. Recently, probiotics have been playing an important role in L. vannamei health management. Therefore, the current pond trial was to evaluate the probiotic proficiency of commercial probiotic products of THIONIL (THIO) on the enhancement of the water, soil, growth, digestibility, survival, immune-related indices, and susceptibility of L. vannamei to infection. The study was carried out in the major shrimp culturing regions of Kavali, Nellore (Andhra Pradesh), and Ponneri (Tamil Nadu), India. Six groups (lacks/ha) of the experimental L. vannamei were allocated, including a control group (THIO 0%-untreated) and groups containing 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of THIO that were encapsulated with commercial feed (CP Aqua). Bioassays were performed on PLs/ shrimp at various days interval of 0, 5, 25, 50, 100, and 123th to assess productivity, anti-vibrio activity, and digestive enzyme for digestibility, histological and immunological indices, and cytotoxicity in Artemia nauplii. Significant differences were observed in the increased growth (35.71 ± 3.24 g/shrimp) and digestive parameters in 10% THIO-fed shrimp. Although in contrast to the control group, the other THIO-fed prawn groups also displayed appreciable development. The findings showed that, in comparison to the control, the gill, hepatopancreas, and stomach had reduced tissue damage with 10% THIO. Furthermore, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (0.008 × 104 cfu/g) and Vibrio harveyi (0.051 × 105 cfu/g) (vibriosis) were potentially resistant to the 10% THIO-fed group. In addition, THIO-fed prawns (10%) showed significant improvements in immune-related expresses (proPO, SOD, and SOA) in comparison to the control. In conclusion, the findings showed that the THIO treatment prawns significantly improved the quality of their water (pH, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and DO) and soil (Pb, Cr, Hg, Mg, Cu, Fe, and Ni), increased and demonstrated protection against vibrio infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Thamarai
- Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627012, India
| | | | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Drug Testing Laboratory, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | | | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Vimal Sukumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalidass Subramaniam
- Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627012, India
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Tian Y, Ran H, Wen X, Fu G, Zhou X, Liu R, Pan T. Probiotics improve symptoms of patients with COVID-19 through gut-lung axis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1179432. [PMID: 37284648 PMCID: PMC10239816 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1179432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multi system symptoms such as gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract exist in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. There is a lack of reliable evidence to prove that probiotics are effective in improving these symptoms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in meta-analysis. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 15, 2023. Randomized controlled trials or high quality retrospective studies comparing the efficacy of probiotics as supplementation with non-probiotics in improving symptoms for patients with COVID-19 were included. This meta-analysis assessed endpoints using Review Manager 5.3. Result Ten citations comprising 1198 patients with COVID-19 were included. The results showed that probiotics could increase the number of people with overall symptom improvement (RR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.10, 2.38], P = 0.01) and shorten the duration (days) of overall symptoms (MD = -1.26, 95% CI [-2.36, -0.16], P = 0.02). For the duration (days) of specific symptoms, probiotics could improve diarrhea (MD = -2.12, 95% CI [-2.41, -1.83], P < 0.00001), cough (MD = -2.21, 95% CI [-4.56, 0.13], P = 0.06) and shortness of breath (MD = -1.37, 95% CI [-2.22, -0.53], P = 0.001). Probiotics had no obvious effect on fever, headache and weakness. For inflammation, probiotics could effectively reduce C-reactive Protein (CRP) serum level (mg/L) (MD = -4.03, 95% CI [-5.12, -2.93], P < 0.00001). Regarding hospital stay (days), probiotics group was shorter than non-probiotics group (MD = -0.98, 95% CI [-1.95, -0.01], P = 0.05). Conclusion To some extent probiotics could improve the overall symptoms, inflammatory reaction and shorten hospital stay of patients with COVID-19. Probiotics may improve gastrointestinal symptoms (such as improving intestinal flora and reducing the duration of diarrhea) and further improve respiratory symptoms through the gut-lung axis. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=398309, identifier: CRD42023398309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guochuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Shrimp production, the most important diseases that threaten it, and the role of probiotics in confronting these diseases: A review. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Trukhachev VI, Chmykhalo VK, Belanova AA, Beseda DK, Chikindas ML, Bren AB, Ermakov AM, Donnik IM, Belousova MM, Zolotukhin PV. Probiotic biomarkers and models upside down: From humans to animals. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109156. [PMID: 34388682 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics development for animal farming implies thorough testing of a vast variety of properties, including adhesion, toxicity, host cells signaling modulation, and immune effects. Being diverse, these properties are often tested individually and using separate biological models, with great emphasis on the host organism. Although being precise, this approach is cost-ineffective, limits the probiotics screening throughput and lacks informativeness due to the 'one model - one test - one property' principle. There is а solution coming from human-derived cells and in vitro systems, an extraordinary example of human models serving animal research. In the present review, we focus on the current outlooks of employing human-derived in vitro biological models in probiotics development for animal applications, examples of such studies and the analysis of concordance between these models and host-derived in vivo data. In our opinion, human-cells derived screening systems allow to test several probiotic properties at once with reasonable precision, great informativeness and less expenses and labor effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Trukhachev
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Square 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia; Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya st., 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia.
| | - Victor K Chmykhalo
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Anna A Belanova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Darya K Beseda
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Square 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia; Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Str., 19с1, Moscow, 119146, Russia.
| | - Anzhelika B Bren
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Square 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia; Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Alexey M Ermakov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Square 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia.
| | - Irina M Donnik
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Ave., 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Marya M Belousova
- English Language Department for Natural Sciences Faculties, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge Str., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Peter V Zolotukhin
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
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Deng B, Wang L, Ma Q, Yu T, Liu D, Dai Y, Zhao G. Genomics Analysis of Bacillus megaterium 1259 as a Probiotic and Its Effects on Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:397. [PMID: 33557352 PMCID: PMC7914491 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we isolated a novel bacterium, Bacillus megaterium 1259 (BM1259), from chicken manure. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that the BM1259 complete genome is composed of a 5,043,095 bp circular chromosome and three circular plasmids, and it encodes 5379 coding genes and 182 RNA genes. Among these genes, a series of nitrate assimilation-related genes and pathways were identified, implying a potential role of BM1259 in nitrate metabolism. In addition, 24 lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to four groups that were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) diet only (C), a TMR diet supplemented with 5 g/day of BM1259 (T1), a TMR diet supplemented with 10 g/day of BM1259 (T2), or a TMR diet supplemented with 15 g/day of BM1259 (T3). The results showed that supplementing dairy cows with 15 g/day of BM1259 increased 4% fat-corrected milk production. The molar proportion of propionate (C3) was significantly higher in T2 than in C. The C2:C3 ratio of T3 was higher than those of C and T2. No negative effect of BM1259 on blood indicators was detected. This study demonstrates BM1259 can be applied as a potential probiotic to improve nitrogen utilization and milk production in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.D.); (Q.M.); (T.Y.); (D.L.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Lin Wang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianbo Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.D.); (Q.M.); (T.Y.); (D.L.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Tongshui Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.D.); (Q.M.); (T.Y.); (D.L.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Dalin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.D.); (Q.M.); (T.Y.); (D.L.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.D.); (Q.M.); (T.Y.); (D.L.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.D.); (Q.M.); (T.Y.); (D.L.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria During Pikeperch ( Sander lucioperca) Larval Rearing. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020238. [PMID: 32053918 PMCID: PMC7074732 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This trial tested the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae during their first feeding. The trial included the use of two probiotic treatments and one control (no probiotics). Pikeperch larvae were exposed to LAB as follows: (1) the live feed (Treatment 1, live feed) or (2) via the live feed and the larval rearing water (Treatment 2, probiotic). Significant differences were found between the treatments in terms of total length (TL), myomere height (MH), overall survival, and the tolerance to a high salinity challenge. Larvae exposed to LAB via both the live feed and the rearing water had a significantly higher overall survival rate (85%) than the other two treatments at 21 dph. When both treatments were subjected to high salinity rates (18 parts per thousand (ppt)), both treatments exposed to LAB demonstrated higher survival rates than the control treatment (28% and 40% survival rate at 180 min for the live feed and probiotic treatments, respectively, as compared with a 100% mortality rate at 150 min for the control). At the same time, larvae exposed to the probiotic treatment had a significantly higher TL as compared to the control after 12 and 21 days post hatch (dph) (probiotic 7.13 ± 0.21 and 11.71 ± 1.1 mm, control 5.86 and 10.79 mm at 12 and 21 dph, respectively). The results suggest that the use of LAB in both the live feed and the rearing water has a positive effect on pikeperch larval quality by strengthening their resilience to stress conditions, as well as improving the growth and survival rates.
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Ma ZZ, Cheng YY, Wang SQ, Ge JZ, Shi HP, Kou JC. Positive effects of dietary supplementation of three probiotics on milk yield, milk composition and intestinal flora in Sannan dairy goats varied in kind of probiotics. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:44-55. [PMID: 31701580 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Enterococcus faecalis (EF), singly and in combination, on the dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, and faecal microflora of Saanen dairy goats. Fifty goats were randomly divided into five groups: (a) basal diet (control); (b) basal diet + SC; (c) basal diet + BS; (d) basal diet + EF; and (e) basal diet + mixed probiotics. Each treated animal received 5 g/d of probiotics for a total administration of 5 × 1,011 CFU/goat per day. The inclusion of B. subtilis and E. faecalis in the diet of lactating Saanen goats increased DMI (p < .05). Enhanced milk yield was observed with BS and EF. Milk fat percentage was significantly increased by feeding mixed probiotics compared with the control (p < .05); supplying SC, BS and mixed probiotics enhanced the protein percentage (p < .05). The milk lactose percentage in the SC and BS groups was higher than in the control (p < .05). The amount of milk total solids was higher after feeding EF or mixed probiotics than in the control group (p < .05). Non-fat solids showed no notable differences among groups (p > .05). There was no significant influence on gut bacterial abundance and diversity from adding these three probiotics, singly or in combination. Bacteroidales, Escherichia-Shigella and Christensenellaceae abundances were decreased by supplying these probiotics but Succinivibrionaceae increased. In conclusion, there were positive influences of probiotic feed supplementation on intake, milk performance and intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhu Ma
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Yang Cheng
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Ge
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huai-Ping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Cun Kou
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
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Affiliation(s)
- L.Z. Jin
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y.W. Ho
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. Jalaludin
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Qiao H, Shi H, Zhang L, Song Y, Zhang X, Bian C. Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum Supplementation on Production Performance and Fecal Microbial Composition in Laying Hens. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:69-79. [PMID: 33817139 PMCID: PMC7874792 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC1.557) on egg production and fecal microbiota composition in laying hens. Sixty Hy-Line Brown laying hens (18 weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed a basal diet only, and the test group was fed basal diet supplemented with a final concentration of 1.0 × 109 CFU/mL during the 10-week experimental period. Egg production and fecal microbiota composition were both assessed in 28-week-old hens using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the test group exhibited increased laying and feed intake rates (p < 0.05). At the genus level, Lactobacillus was more abundant in the test group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conversely, Romboutsia was more abundant in the control group compared with the test group (p < 0.05). This study provides us with an insight into the potential use of L. plantarum as a food supplement in the laying hen industry. the study also provides us with a better understanding of the interplay between L. plantarum and the fecal microbiota of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Liheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Yuzhen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Chuanzhou Bian
- Longzihu North road NO.6 Zhengzhou city, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
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13
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In vitro and in vivo activity of hydrolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisiae against goat nematodes. Vet Parasitol 2018; 254:6-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McAllister TA, Wang Y, Diarra MS, Alexander T, Stanford K. Challenges of a one-health approach to the development of alternatives to antibiotics. Anim Front 2018; 8:10-20. [PMID: 32002214 PMCID: PMC6952028 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, West Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbrisdge, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Rapid and accurate identification of species of the genus Pediococcus isolated from Korean fermented foods by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS with local database extension. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:744-752. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Yuan L, Chang J, Yin Q, Lu M, Di Y, Wang P, Wang Z, Wang E, Lu F. Fermented soybean meal improves the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2017; 3:19-24. [PMID: 29767125 PMCID: PMC5941061 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase nutritive values of soybean meal (SBM), 3 species of microbes were used to ferment SBM. Through a 3 × 3 orthogonal design and parameter measurements of soybean peptide and anti-nutritional factor contents in the fermented soybean meal (FSBM), it was estimated that the best microbial proportion of Bacillus subtilis, Hansenula anomala and Lactobacillus casei was 2:1:2 for SBM fermentation (P < 0.05). The further piglet feeding experiment showed that 10% FSBM substitute for SBM had no significant effect on growth performance of suckling piglets (d 7-28) (P > 0.05). However, newly-weaned piglets (d 28-38) fed 10% FSBM and different levels of plasma protein obtained higher average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared with those without FSBM but with 6% plasma protein (P < 0.05). Piglets (d 38-68) fed diets supplemented with FSBM and soybean protein concentrate (SBPC) at 3.75% and 7.5% respectively increased nutrient digestibility, fecal enzyme activity and lactic acid bacteria counts, and decreased fecal Escherichia coli counts (P < 0.05), compared with the control. These data indicated that FSBM had positive effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora for piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingqiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Min Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuanran Di
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Erzhu Wang
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co. Ltd., Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Fushan Lu
- Henan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Feed Microbes, Zhoukou 466000, China
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17
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Zhang MZ, Yang M, Su H, Rollins D, Zhang S. Lactobacillus colini sp. nov., isolated from Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:325-329. [PMID: 27902241 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and molecular studies were performed on five unknown bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal contents of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) collected from western Texas, USA. The strains were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming rods arranged in single cells, pairs or short chains. Colonies on Columbia blood agar are circular, flat, entire, approximately 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter and surrounded with a zone of alpha-haemolysis at after incubation for 48 h at 37 °C. Colonies on MRS agar are umbonate with irregular edge, opaque and approximately 1-1.5 mm in diameter after incubation for 48 h. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were identical and the highest sequence similarity (97 %) was found to the type strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, L. johnsonii and L. taiwanensis. The strains were distinguishable from related species of the genus Lactobacilluson the basis of carbohydrate fermentation, enzymatic production and fatty acid profiles. The peptidoglycan type is l-Lys-d-Asp (A4α). The DNA G+C content is 35.6 mol%. Major cellular fatty acids are C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic information, the strains represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus for which the name Lactobacillus colini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 111144 L1T (=DSM 101872T=KCTC 21086T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hongwen Su
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Dale Rollins
- Rolling Plains Quail Research Foundation, Texas AgriLife Research, San Angelo, TX 76901, USA
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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18
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Liu W, Ran C, Liu Z, Gao Q, Xu S, Ringø E, Myklebust R, Gu Z, Zhou Z. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum and AHL lactonase on the control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tilapia. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:687-99. [PMID: 27098117 PMCID: PMC4985601 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study addressed the effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum or/and N-acylated homoserine lactonase (AHL lactonase) on controlling Aeromonas hydrophila infection in juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus♀ × O. aureus ♂). Fish were fed Lb. plantarum subsp. plantarum strain JCM1149 (10(8) CFU/g feed) or/and AHL lactonase AIO6 (4 U/g) and were exposed to a chronic challenge of A. hydrophila NJ-1 (10(5) cells/mL) for 14 days. Intestinal (foregut) alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activities were evaluated 1 day post challenge to reflect the resistance of fish against A. hydrophila infection. Parallel groups of fish with the same dietary assignments while unchallenged were also included to investigate the effect of dietary Lb. plantarum or/and AIO6 supplementation on gut health of tilapia. The results showed that IAP activity was significantly lower in fish fed with diets supplemented with Lb. plantarum JCM1149 or the combination of Lb. plantarum JCM1149 and AIO6, indicating enhanced resistance against A. hydrophila. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images of foregut revealed damage caused by A. hydrophila NJ-1, but dietary Lb. plantarumJCM1149 or/and AIO6 significantly alleviated the damages. Compared to the fish immersed in A. hydrophila NJ-1, dietary Lb. plantarum JCM1149 or AIO6 could maintain the microvilli length in the foregut of tilapia. However, among the unchallenged groups of fish, the microvilli length in the foregut of tilapia fed AIO6 (singly or combination) and the microvilli density of tilapia fed AIO6 (singly) were significantly lower than those of the control, though the microvilli density in the combination treatment was significantly improved. Additionally, the dietary Lb. plantarum JCM1149 could down-regulate the expression of stress-related gene in the gut after the acute phase. In conclusion, the dietary Lb. plantarum JCM1149 is recommended to control the A. hydrophila infection in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shude Xu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Einar Ringø
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Reidar Myklebust
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Zemao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Rossi F, Morlacchini M, Gatti P, Soldi S, Callegari ML, Piva G. Effects of a glucooligosaccharide supplement on the morphological characteristics of the gastro-intestinal tract and growth performance in weaned piglets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2008.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Bozkurt M, Küçükyilmaz K, Ayhan V, Çabuk M, Ugur Çatli A. Performance of layer or broiler breeder hens varies in response to different probiotic preparations. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Ibrahem MD. Evolution of probiotics in aquatic world: Potential effects, the current status in Egypt and recent prospectives. J Adv Res 2015; 6:765-91. [PMID: 26644914 PMCID: PMC4642160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the human population in addition to the massive demand for protein of animal origin forced the authorities to seek for additional sources of feed supplies. Aquaculture is the world worth coming expansion to compensate the shortage in animal protein. Feed in aquaculture plays an important role in the production cycle and exert threshold on both practical and economic aspects. Feed additive sectors are expanding day after day to achieve better growth and health for fish and shrimp and to meet the potential requirements of the culturists. Probiotic proved its successes in human and animal feeding practices and recently gained attention in aquaculture; it has beneficial effects in diseases control and competes with various environmental stressors as well as to promote the growth of the cultured organisms. Probiotics have the privilege to manipulate the non-specific innate immunity among fishes, hence help them into resist many pathogenic agents and are actively used worldwide. The present review is an informative compilation of the probiotics, their mode of action and their useful effects on fishes. The review also highlights the status of probiotics in aquaculture of Egypt, probiotic recent prospective for the possible role of probiotics in fish external and internal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai D. Ibrahem
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
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22
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Loh TC, Choe DW, Foo HL, Sazili AQ, Bejo MH. Effects of feeding different postbiotic metabolite combinations produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains on egg quality and production performance, faecal parameters and plasma cholesterol in laying hens. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:149. [PMID: 24996258 PMCID: PMC4099141 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that are able to colonize the host digestive system, increasing the natural flora and preventing colonization of pathogenic organisms and thus, securing optimal utility of the feed. However, commercial probiotic often do not meet the expected standards and the viability of the efficacy of these strains remains questionable. Another major issue has been highlighted in relation to the application of antibiotic resistant probiotics, the antibiotic resistant gene can be transferred between organisms. Recently, postbiotic metabolites produced from microbes have been extensively studied as feed additive in order to substitute in-feed antibiotics. Results No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found among the treatment groups on overall feed intake, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion efficiency. COM456 had a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in faecal pH compared to the other groups at 28 weeks of age onwards. COM456 had significant higher (P < 0.05) level of lactic acid bacteria counts from 30 weeks of age onwards, followed by COM246 and COM345 at 32 and 34 weeks of age, respectively. Significant reduction of faecal Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05) were observed in COM246 and COM456 from 30 weeks of age onwards. The lowest levels (P < 0.05) of plasma and egg yolk cholesterol were observed in COM456, followed by COM345 and COM246. There was no significant difference in terms of yolk weight between the treatment groups. Significant higher (P < 0.05) content of C18:3, C20:2 and C22:6 were found in treatments supplemented with metabolite combinations as compared with the control group. Conclusions The present study demonstrated the positive effects of metabolite combinations supplementation in laying hens. Increase in hen-day egg production was observed in all treatments supplemented with metabolite combinations. In addition, the metabolite combinations, COM456 had reduced the faecal pH and faecal Enterobacteriaceae population, improved the faecal lactic acid bacteria, reduced the plasma and yolk cholesterol and improved the faecal volatile fatty acids content. Postbiotic metabolite combinations can be used as an alternative feed additive to achieve high productivity and better animal health while reducing the use of conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as in-feed antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
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Aguiar VF, Donoghue AM, Arsi K, Reyes-Herrera I, Metcalf JH, de los Santos FS, Blore PJ, Donoghue DJ. Targeting Motility Properties of Bacteria in the Development of Probiotic Cultures AgainstCampylobacter jejuniin Broiler Chickens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:435-41. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F. Aguiar
- Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Ann M. Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Komala Arsi
- Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | | | - Joel H. Metcalf
- Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | | | - Pamela J. Blore
- Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Dan J. Donoghue
- Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Use of 'natural' products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. Animal 2012; 1:1443-66. [PMID: 22444918 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The banning in 2006 of the use of antibiotics as animal growth promoters in the European Union has increased demand from producers for alternative feed additives that can be used to improve animal production. This review gives an overview of the most common non-antibiotic feed additives already being used or that could potentially be used in ruminant nutrition. Probiotics, dicarboxylic acids, enzymes and plant-derived products including saponins, tannins and essential oils are presented. The known modes of action and effects of these additives on feed digestion and more especially on rumen fermentations are described. Their utility and limitations in field conditions for modern ruminant production systems and their compliance with the current legislation are also discussed.
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van der Meulen J, Hulst MM, Smits MA, Schuurman T. Small intestinal segment perfusion test in piglets: future applications in studying probiotics-gut crosstalk in infectious diarrhoea? Benef Microbes 2011; 1:439-45. [PMID: 21831782 DOI: 10.3920/bm2010.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide infectious diarrhoea, mainly caused by rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), accounts for a large part of deaths in children. ETEC is also the main cause of traveller's diarrhoea. Probiotics are promising for prevention and treatment of diarrhoea, but there is insufficient evidence to support the use of any specific probiotic or probiotics in general. Because of the sensitivity of suckling and weaned piglets for ETEC, piglets are a good model for infectious diarrhoea in infants and traveller's diarrhoea. Just as in human the efficacy of probiotics in diminishing diarrhoea and improving growth in suckling and weaned piglets is not uniform. A piglet model of infectious diarrhoea provides access to intestinal compartments that are not easily accessible in infants. In an in situ piglet model of secretory diarrhoea, the functional physiological response to ETEC and the concomitant host genome response to ETEC and probiotics may be tested. This will provide new insights in the complex crosstalk between ETEC, probiotics and the gut in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van der Meulen
- BioMedical Research of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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Bhaskaran H, Donoghue A, Arsi K, Wooming A, Reyes-Herr I, Bielke L, Tellez G, Byrd J, Blore P, Hargis B, Donoghue D. In vitro Selection of Enteric Microflora for Potential Use as a Competitive Exclusion Culture Against Campylobacter in Poultry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2011.940.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li WF, Rajput IR, Xu X, Li YL, Lei J, Huang Q, Wang MQ. Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) on Laying Performance, Blood Biochemical Properties and Intestinal Microflora of Shaoxing Duck. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2011.583.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Korkea-aho T, Heikkinen J, Thompson K, von Wright A, Austin B. Pseudomonas sp. M174 inhibits the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:266-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Falaki M, Shargh MS, Dastar B, Zerehdaran S. Effects of Different Levels of Probiotic and Prebiotic onn Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2011.378.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Falaki M, Shargh MS, Dastar B, Zrehdaran S. Effects of Different Levels of Probiotic and Prebiotic on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.2390.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Salem A, Robinson P, López S, Gohar Y, Rojo R, Tinoco J. Sensitivity of sheep intestinal lactic acid bacteria to secondary compounds extracted from Acacia saligna leaves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Poeikhamph T, Bunchasak C. Effect of Sodium Gluconate on pH Value, Ammonia and Short Chain Fatty Acids Concentration in Batch Culture of Porcine Cecal Digesta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.1471.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Maertens L. , Van Renterghem R., De Groote G.. EFFECTS OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF PACIFLOR® (BACILLUS CIP 5832)ON THE MILK COMPOSITION AND PERFORMANCES OF DOES AND ON CAECAL AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF THEIR WEANLINGS. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.1994.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Cardona ME, Norin E, Midtvedt T. Biochemical Functions of Bacillus licheniformis in Gnotobiotic Mice. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600310012045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Cardona
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center Karolinska Institutet Stockholm
| | - Elisabeth Norin
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center Karolinska Institutet Stockholm
| | - Tore Midtvedt
- Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Ninawe
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Marine Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Dowd SE, Sun Y, Wolcott RD, Domingo A, Carroll JA. Bacterial Tag–Encoded FLX Amplicon Pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) for Microbiome Studies: Bacterial Diversity in the Ileum of Newly WeanedSalmonella-Infected Pigs. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2008; 5:459-72. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scot E. Dowd
- USDA-ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Yan Sun
- Medical Biofilm Research Institute, Lubbock, Texas
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Dowd SE, Callaway TR, Wolcott RD, Sun Y, McKeehan T, Hagevoort RG, Edrington TS. Evaluation of the bacterial diversity in the feces of cattle using 16S rDNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:125. [PMID: 18652685 PMCID: PMC2515157 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota of an animal's intestinal tract plays important roles in the animal's overall health, productivity and well-being. There is still a scarcity of information on the microbial diversity in the gut of livestock species such as cattle. The primary reason for this lack of data relates to the expense of methods needed to generate such data. Here we have utilized a bacterial tag-encoded FLX 16s rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) approach that is able to perform diversity analyses of gastrointestinal populations. bTEFAP is relatively inexpensive in terms of both time and labor due to the implementation of a novel tag priming method and an efficient bioinformatics pipeline. We have evaluated the microbiome from the feces of 20 commercial, lactating dairy cows. RESULTS Ubiquitous bacteria detected from the cattle feces included Clostridium, Bacteroides, Porpyhyromonas, Ruminococcus, Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella, Lachnospira, Enterococcus, Oscillospira, Cytophage, Anaerotruncus, and Acidaminococcus spp. Foodborne pathogenic bacteria were detected in several of the cattle, a total of 4 cows were found to be positive for Salmonella spp (tentative enterica) and 6 cows were positive for Campylobacter spp. (tentative lanienae). CONCLUSION Using bTEFAP we have examined the microbiota in the feces of cattle. As these methods continue to mature we will better understand the ecology of the major populations of bacteria the lower intestinal tract. This in turn will allow for a better understanding of ways in which the intestinal microbiome contributes to animal health, productivity and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scot E Dowd
- USDA-ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA.
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Probiotics in aquaculture: importance and future perspectives. Indian J Microbiol 2008; 48:299-308. [PMID: 23100726 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the fastest developing growth sectors in the world and Asia presently contributes about 90% to the global production. However, disease outbreaks are constraint to aquaculture production thereby affects both economic development of the country and socio-economic status of the local people in many countries of Asia-Pacifi c region. Disease control in aquaculture industry has been achieved by following different methods using traditional ways, synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. However, the use of such expensive chemotherapeutants for controlling diseases has been widely criticized for their negative impacts like accumulation of residues, development of drug resistance, immunosuppressants and reduced consumer preference for aqua products treated with antibiotics and traditional methods are ineffective against controlling new diseases in large aquaculture systems. Therefore, alternative methods need to be developed to maintain a healthy microbial environment in the aquaculture systems there by to maintain the health of the cultured organisms. Use of probiotics is one of such method that is gaining importance in controlling potential pathogens. This review provides a summary of the criteria for the selection of the potential probiotics, their importance and future perspectives in aquaculture industry.
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Yeh YC, Hahm TS, Sabliov CM, Lo YM. Effects of Chinese wolfberry (Lycium chinense P. Mill.) leaf hydrolysates on the growth of Pediococcus acidilactici. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:1383-93. [PMID: 17383176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Growth stimulating effects of LYCH leaf hydrolysates on Pediococcus acidilactici IMT101 cells were observed when MRS broth was supplemented with 20% (v/v) H1+H2, the mixture of hydrolysates prepared by a traditional tea-making process. Cells grown on MRS containing H1+H2 showed a shortened lag phase while yielding a cell concentration (X(s)) significantly higher than other conditions investigated entering stationary phase. The maximal specific growth rate (mu(max)) was also the highest among all. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) at 80 degrees C for 2h (M80(2h)) released more amino acids but less sugar (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) than in H1+H2. Both X(s) and mu(max) reached in M80(2h)-supplemented MRS broth were lower than those in MRS containing H1+H2. No correlations between amino acids and cell growth were found. P. acidilactici cells grown in MRS broth in general showed higher consumption of carbohydrate in comparison with those in M17 broth containing the same carbohydrate. In the absence of FOS, the increased glucose concentration in MRS when supplemented by H1+H2 hydrolysates appeared to be responsible for the stimulatory effects on P. acidilactici growth. The growth-enhancing effects of LYCH leaf hydrolysates indicate the potential of developing new applications for LYCH leaves in promoting the growth of other probiotic cells using a simple process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
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Population diversity of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria in pig feed fermented with whey, wet wheat distillers' grains, or water at different temperatures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:1696-703. [PMID: 18223110 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02231-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of populations of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in pig feeds fermented at 10, 15, or 20 degrees C was characterized by rRNA gene sequencing of isolates. The feeds consisted of a cereal grain mix blended with wet wheat distillers' grains (WWDG feed), whey (W feed), or tap water (WAT feed). Fermentation proceeded for 5 days without disturbance, followed by 14 days of daily simulated feed outtakes, in which 80% of the contents were replaced with fresh feed mixtures. In WWDG feed, Pichia galeiformis became the dominant yeast species, independent of the fermentation temperature and feed change. The LAB population was dominated by Pediococcus pentosaceus at the start of the fermentation period. After 3 days, the Lactobacillus plantarum population started to increase in feeds at all temperatures. The diversity of LAB increased after the addition of fresh feed components. In W feed, Kluyveromyces marxianus dominated, but after the feed change, the population diversity increased. With increasing fermentation temperatures, there was a shift toward Pichia membranifaciens as the dominant species. L. plantarum was the most prevalent LAB in W feed. The WAT feed had a diverse microbial flora, and the yeast population changed throughout the whole fermentation period. Pichia anomala was the most prevalent yeast species, with increasing occurrence at higher fermentation temperatures. Pediococcus pentosaceus was the most prevalent LAB, but after the feed change, L. plantarum started to proliferate. The present study demonstrates that the species composition in fermented pig feed may vary considerably, even if viable cell counts indicate stable microbial populations.
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Torrecillas S, Makol A, Caballero MJ, Montero D, Robaina L, Real F, Sweetman J, Tort L, Izquierdo MS. Immune stimulation and improved infection resistance in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed mannan oligosaccharides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 23:969-81. [PMID: 17766145 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 02/10/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two levels of inclusion of mannan oligosaccharides derived from the outer cell wall of a select strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bio-Mos, Alltech Inc, USA) on growth, feed utilization, immune status and disease resistance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Specimens of 35 g at initial density of 3 kg/m3 were fed during 67 days at 0 per thousand, 2 per thousand and 4 per thousand dietary MOS level of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. Food conversion rate, specific growth rate, whole body biochemical composition, phagocyctic index of head kidney macrophages, NBT index, lysozyme and alternative complement pathway (ACP) activities as well as gut and liver histological structure were evaluated. Growth significantly increased at both MOS dietary inclusion levels. Histological features of the liver showed lower lipid vacuolization and regular-shaped morphology of hepatocytes around the sinusoidal spaces denoting a better utilization of dietary nutrients. No differences were found on gut histological evaluation. Statistical differences (P<0.05) on the phagocytic index were denoted with the inclusion of 4 per thousand Bio-Mos group. A positive correlation was found between the levels of lysozyme and alternative complement pathway activities in blood and the level of inclusion of MOS in diets. After the feeding trial, a cohabitation challenge test and direct gut inoculation were also performed with the pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus in a ratio 3:1. Twenty-one days post-challenge the number of cohabitant fish infected in the control group reached 33% comparing with none on the 0.4 per thousand MOS group. Finally, new fish were infected with V. alginolyticus by gut canalisation. After 24h post-infection no significant difference was denoted between groups and 48 h post-infection total infected fish in the control group was twice that of the 2 per thousand and 4 per thousand MOS groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, ICCM & IUSA PO Box 56, 35200 Telde, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
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O'Connor EB, O'Sullivan O, Stanton C, Danielsen M, Simpson PJ, Callanan MJ, Ross RP, Hill C. pEOC01: A plasmid from Pediococcus acidilactici which encodes an identical streptomycin resistance (aadE) gene to that found in Campylobacter jejuni. Plasmid 2007; 58:115-26. [PMID: 17395262 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of pEOC01, a plasmid (11,661 bp) from Pediococcus acidilactici NCIMB 6990 encoding resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, and streptomycin was determined. The plasmid, which also replicates in Lactococcus and Lactobacillus species contains 16 putative open reading frames (ORFs), including regions annotated to encode replication, plasmid maintenance and multidrug resistance functions. Based on an analysis the plasmid replicates via a theta replicating mechanism closely related to those of many larger Streptococcus and Enterococcus plasmids. Interestingly, genes homologous to a toxin/antitoxin plasmid maintenance system are present and are highly similar to the omega-epsilon-zeta operon of Streptococcus plasmids. The plasmid contains two putative antibiotic resistance homologs, an ermB gene encoding erythromycin and clindamycin resistance, and a streptomycin resistance gene, aadE. Of particular note is the aadE gene which holds 100% identity to an aadE gene found in Campylobacter jejuni plasmid but which probably originated from a Gram-positive source. This observation is significant in that it provides evidence for recent horizontal transfer of streptomycin resistance from a lactic acid bacterium to a Gram-negative intestinal pathogen and as such infers a role for such plasmids for dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes possibly in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B O'Connor
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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43
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Effect of lactulose on growth performance and intestinal morphology of pre-ruminant calves using a milk replacer containing Enterococcus faecium. Animal 2007; 1:367-73. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107661850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Di Francia A, Masucci F, Varricchio M, Bilancione A, Proto V. Effect of Enterococcus faecium SF68 on growth performance and in vivo digestibility in buffalo calves. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Di Francia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - F. Masucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - M.L. Varricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - A. Bilancione
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - V. Proto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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Duncker SC, Lorentz A, Schroeder B, Breves G, Bischoff SC. Effect of orally administered probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 on intestinal mucosal immune cells of healthy young pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 111:239-50. [PMID: 16530848 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several beneficial effects of probiotics have been described in studies using rodent disease models and in human patients; however, the underlying mechanisms remained mostly unclear. Only a few studies focused on the effects of probiotics on the intestinal mucosal immune system. Here, we studied the effect of the probiotic strain E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) administered orally to young pigs at two concentrations (10(9) and 10(11)CFU/d for 21 days) on the gut-associated lymphatic tissue. This probiotic strain was shown recently to reduce recurrence of inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients. We quantified the number and distribution of intestinal immune cells (granulocytes, mast cells, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, IgA+ lymphocytes) and the mucosal mRNA expression of cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-10) and antimicrobial peptides (PR-39, NK-lysin, prepro-defensin-beta 1, protegrins). The number and distribution of cells were highly different between small intestinal and colon segments in all groups, but were not influenced by EcN, except high dose EcN fed pigs (10(11) CFU/d) showing an increase in mucosal CD8+ cells in the ascending colon. The mRNA analysis revealed no changes associated with EcN feeding. In conclusion, according to our analyses EcN has only minor effects on the distribution of mucosal immune cells in the gut of healthy individuals. The well-established preventive effects of EcN might therefore be relate to other mechanisms than simple modulation of immune cell distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje C Duncker
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
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Taras D, Vahjen W, Macha M, Simon O. Response of performance characteristics and fecal consistency to long-lasting dietary supplementation with the probiotic strainBacillus cereusvar. toyoi to sows and piglets. Arch Anim Nutr 2005; 59:405-17. [PMID: 16429826 DOI: 10.1080/17450390500353168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As part of an interdisciplinary research project, we studied the performance response of sows and their litters to the probiotic strain Bacillus cereus var. toyoi as well as feces consistency of piglets. Gestating sows (n=26) were randomly allotted into two groups. The probiotic B. cereus var. toyoi was administered by dietary supplementation to one group of sows and their respective litters (probiotic group) whereas the second group (control group) received no probiotic supplementation. The duration of the application was nearly 17 weeks for sows (day 90 ante partum until day 28 post partum) and six weeks for piglets (day 15-56). Piglets were weaned after 28 days. Body weight and feed consumption were recorded weekly and fecal consistency of weaned piglets was studied daily. B. cereus var. toyoi was recovered from feces of sows and piglets as well as from digesta of piglets in the probiotic group, while being absent from all samples of control animals. In addition, the probiotic was detected in piglet feces and digesta before pre-starter feed was offered, indicating a second route of uptake besides diet. Sows of the probiotic group nursed numerically more piglets and supported a higher sum of total nursing days of all piglets within each litter than control sows (p = 0.04). In turn, body weight (BW) up to day 35 was greater for control piglets (p < 0.01), while average daily gain and gain to feed ratio (G:F) in weeks six and eight postweaning was higher in the probiotic group (p < 0.05). The overall G:F of the total postweaning period was 680 g/kg and 628 g/kg in the probiotic group and control group, respectively (p = 0.009). During the trial a high prevalence of liquid feces with its maximum in the second week after weaning was observed. Probiotic supplementation led to a reduction in the incidence of liquid feces and postweaning diarrhea by 38% and 59%, respectively (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Taras
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University Berlin, Bruemmerstr.
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Pelícia K, Mendes AA, Saldanha ESPB, Pizzolante CC, Takahashi SE, Moreira J, Garcia RG, Quinteiro RR, Paz ICLA, Komiyama CM. Use of prebiotics and probiotics of bacterial and yeast origin for free-range broiler chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2004000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - ESPB Saldanha
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios de Brotas
| | - CC Pizzolante
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios de Brotas
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Schroedl W, Jaekel L, Krueger M. C-Reactive Protein and Antibacterial Activity in Blood Plasma of Colostrum-Fed Calves and the Effect of Lactulose. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:3313-20. [PMID: 14594250 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several milk proteins are very important for immunological defense and can be absorbed in the intestine of calves in the first hours after birth. The influence of colostrum intake and the effect of additional lactulose application on the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood were investigated. The CRP is known as a mediator of innate immunity. Results were compared to the bovine acute phase protein haptoglobin, and to lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulins in plasma from calves. After colostrum intake, the concentration of most proteins were strongly increased. The data show, for the first time, a significant increase of CRP in the blood of calves 1 d after colostrum intake (nonlactulose group, n = 10), and an even more significant increase in CRP concentration (1 d postpartum) was measured in the group of animals with additional application of lactulose (lactulose group, n = 10) when compared to the nonlactulose group. In an in vitro assay with the plasma of these animals, an increased bactericidal activity was detected against Morganella morganii (1 d postpartum) in both groups, but again a higher activity occurred in the lactulose group. The results of these investigations emphasize the importance of colostrum intake during the first hours after birth for the defense potential of newborn calves. In addition, lactulose may have a positive effect in the period of passive transfer of colostrum proteins and in the immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schroedl
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 04103.
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Fujieda M, Sakata T. Glucose but Not Polypeptone Reduces the Effect of Probiotic Preparations to Stimulate Carbohydrate Breakdown and Reduce Net Ammonia Production by Pig Cecal Bacteria In Vitro. J Med Food 2003; 4:231-240. [PMID: 12639405 DOI: 10.1089/10966200152744508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic preparations are used to prevent or treat diarrhea. Probiotic preparations increase the in vitro breakdown of carbohydrates and decrease that of protein by mixed cecal bacteria in the absence of readily fermentable materials. Diarrhea can increase the influx of readily digestible materials into the large intestine. Therefore, we compared production of organic acids and ammonia in batch cultures using pig cecal contents with or without probiotic preparations (Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus casei plus Bifidobacterium breve, or L. casei plus Enterococcus faecalis) and with or without readily fermentable substrates (glucose or polypeptone). Effects of additional substrates appeared earlier than those of probiotic preparations. Both probiotic preparations and glucose increased the production of most short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid but decreased those of ammonia and isovaleric acid. Effects of probiotic preparations and glucose were not additive. Effects of different preparations were alike. Polypeptone increased the production of ammonia and isovaleric acid independent of probiotic preparations. Effects of probiotics and glucose may be to provide either energy or carbon to the microbial ecosystem. Effects of glucose were probably mediated through their direct utilization by indigenous bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Fujieda
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ishinomaki Senshu University, Minamisakai Shinmito 1, 986-8580 Ishinomaki, Japan
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50
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Vahjen W, Jadamus A, Simon O. Influence of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain on selected bacterial groups in the small intestine of growing turkey poults. ARCHIV FUR TIERERNAHRUNG 2002; 56:419-29. [PMID: 12553692 DOI: 10.1080/00039420215634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A feeding trial was carried out with turkey poults, which were fed a diet containing 10(10) viable probiotic E. faecium NCIB 10415 cells/kg feed. Samples of the intestinal tract were analyzed for lactate, colony forming units of total anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, enterobacteria and enterococci. Furthermore, metabolic activity of total eubacterial, lactobacilli and enterococci was recorded in selected RNA-extracts with specific ribosomal RNA oligonucleotide probes. Animals fed the probiotic diet showed continously increasing lactate concentrations throughout the sampling period up to day 42 of life. No correlation was found for colony forming units (cfu) of lactic acid bacteria, but metabolic activity of lactobacilli showed very close relation to continously increasing lactate concentrations. Throughout the feeding trial, enterococci in the control group continously increased to a maximum of 10(4) cfu/g wet weight, but 10-fold higher enterococci cfu were generally found in the treated group. However, rRNA content as measure for metabolic activity showed a drastic decline in both groups after high metabolic activities on day 7. This study shows that E. faecium NCIB 10415 (E. faecium SF68) stimulates other lactic acid bacteria in the small intestine, especially lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
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