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Haq M, Ali MS, Park JS, Kim JW, Zhang W, Chun BS. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) waste as a unique source of biofunctional protein hydrolysates: Emerging productions, promising applications, and challenges mitigation. Food Chem 2024; 462:141017. [PMID: 39216379 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The Atlantic salmon is an extremely popular fish for its nutritional value and unique taste among several fish species. Researchers are focusing on the utilization of Atlantic salmon waste for generating protein hydrolysates rich in peptides and amino acids and investigating their health benefits. Several technological approaches, including enzymatic, chemical, and the recently developed subcritical water hydrolysis, are currently used for the production of Atlantic salmon waste protein hydrolysates. Hydrolyzing various wastes, e.g., heads, bones, skin, viscera, and trimmings, possessing antioxidant, blood pressure regulatory, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in applications in human foods and nutraceuticals, animal farming, pharmaceuticals, cell culture, and cosmetics industries. Furthermore, future applications, constraints several challenges associated with industrial hydrolysate production, including sensory, safety, and economic constraints, which could be overcome by suggested techno processing measures. Further studies are recommended for developing large-scale, commercially viable production methods, focusing on eradicating sensory constraints and facilitating large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monjurul Haq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sadek Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Woo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Wu S, Bhat ZF, Gounder RS, Mohamed Ahmed IA, Al-Juhaimi FY, Ding Y, Bekhit AEDA. Effect of Dietary Protein and Processing on Gut Microbiota-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:453. [PMID: 35276812 PMCID: PMC8840478 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of diet on the composition of gut microbiota and the consequent impact on disease risk have been of expanding interest. The present review focuses on current insights of changes associated with dietary protein-induced gut microbial populations and examines their potential roles in the metabolism, health, and disease of animals. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol was used, and 29 highly relevant articles were obtained, which included 6 mouse studies, 7 pig studies, 15 rat studies, and 1 in vitro study. Analysis of these studies indicated that several factors, such as protein source, protein content, dietary composition (such as carbohydrate content), glycation of protein, processing factors, and protein oxidation, affect the digestibility and bioavailability of dietary proteins. These factors can influence protein fermentation, absorption, and functional properties in the gut and, consequently, impact the composition of gut microbiota and affect human health. While gut microbiota can release metabolites that can affect host physiology either positively or negatively, the selection of quality of protein and suitable food processing conditions are important to have a positive effect of dietary protein on gut microbiota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zuhaib F. Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India;
| | - Rochelle S. Gounder
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.M.A.); (F.Y.A.-J.)
| | - Fahad Y. Al-Juhaimi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.M.A.); (F.Y.A.-J.)
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Jin X, Yuan B, Liu M, Zhu M, Zhang X, Xie G, Wu W, Wang Z, Xu H, Lv Y, Huang Y, Wang W. Dietary Hermetia illucens Larvae Replacement Alleviates Diarrhea and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets Challenged With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:746224. [PMID: 34901243 PMCID: PMC8655791 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.746224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-quality protein substitute, Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) larvae powder, is rich in protein and often used in animal feed. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and optimal ratio of replacing fish meal with H. illucens larvae in weaned piglets and to demonstrate the effects on piglets' growth performance, intestinal microflora and immune performance. Forty-eight female weaned piglets were randomly classified into three groups. Each group consisted of eight pens (replicates), with two piglets per pen. Three groups containing different proportions of H. illucens larvae (0, 4, and 8%) were referred to as C, HI4, and HI8. We first designed a 28-day feeding experiment to detect growth performance; after that, the piglets were induced with oral gavage of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88) and recording diarrhea on day 29 of the experiment. Samples were taken on the 32nd day to detect the effect of H. illucens larvae on the immune performance of the weaned piglets. H. illucens larvae replacement did not cause any obvious change in the growth performance nether in HI4 nor in HI8 of weaned piglets with 28 d feeding stage. H. illucens larvae could improve the intestinal health of weaned piglets by increasing the content of Lactobacillus and reducing the content of Streptococcus. Compared with C+K88 group, the diarrhea rate was attenuated for the H. illucens supplemented group. The integrity of ileum villi in HI4+K88 and HI8+K88 groups was better than that in C+K88 group, and the villi in C+K88 group were severely damaged. The expression of IL-10, Occludin and Claudin-3 in the intestinal mucosa of the HI4+K88 group and HI8+K88 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the C+K88 group. The results of immunoblotting also validated that the same ETEC K88 treatment of weaned piglets enhanced the expression of tight junction protein in the intestinal mucosa of the H. illucens addition group. ETEC-induced diarrhea will be reduced by the diet of weaned piglets containing H. illucens larvae, ameliorating the immune performance of piglets. Our results indicates that the optimal dosage of H. illucens replacement in weaned piglets is 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jin
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boyu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaijie Xie
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Wu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haidong Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yantao Lv
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liang X, Wang P, Lian K, Han F, Tang Y, Zhang S, Zhang W. APB-13 improves the adverse outcomes caused by TGEV infection by correcting the intestinal microbial disorders in piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:69-77. [PMID: 34075636 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is an enteric coronavirus that has caused high morbidity and mortality of piglets worldwide. Previous studies have shown that the TGEV can lead to severe diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in 2-week-old piglets and weaned piglets, resulting in a large number of piglet deaths. Antimicrobial peptides have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and a strong killing effect on bacteria, especially on the drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, and it has attracted broad concern. However, there are very few reports on the effect of APB-13 (an antimicrobial peptide) on the intestinal microbes of piglets infected with TGEV. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare the microbial phylum and the genus of piglet's enteric microorganism in different experimental groups, and to predict the metabolic function of the microbial flora. At the same time, the apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestive enzyme activity, daily weight gain and survival rate were also measured. TGEV infection could cause the imbalance of intestinal microbes in piglets, and increase of the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and decrease of the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteri. With the addition of APB-13, this problem can be alleviated, which can reduce the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and improve the balance of intestinal microorganisms. At the microbial genus level, after adding APB-13, the relative abundance of Catenibacterium, Enterobacter and Streptococcus in the intestinal tract of piglets infected with TGEV showed significant decrease, while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus increased. Finally, we found that APB-13 can significantly increase the activity of digestive enzyme in the intestinal tract of piglet, thereby improving the apparent digestibility of nutrients and the growth performance of piglets. This study demonstrates that APB-13 can alleviate the adverse outcomes caused by TGEV infection by correcting the intestinal microbial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Liang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Pengtao Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiqi Lian
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Fangfang Han
- College of Animal Husbandry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajie Tang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Shouming Zhang
- Anyang City Animal Product Quality Safety Monitoring and Inspection Center, Anyang, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Pan L, An D, Zhu W. Low-tannin sorghum grain could be used as an alternative to corn in diet for nursery pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:890-897. [PMID: 33734497 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that low-tannin sorghum grain produced in China as a potential substitute for corn in diets could not impair the performance of nursery pigs. A total of 60 pigs (7.2 ± 1.2 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 diets with 5 replicate pens per treatment. Corn-based diet (CBD) included 60% corn grain during the overall experimental period, and sorghum-based diet (SBD) consisted of 30% (d 1 to 14) or 60.55% (d 15 to 28) sorghum grain in partial or total replacement of corn grain. Both diets were formulated to contain the same amount of digestible energy and indispensable amino acids. The results demonstrated no differences in growth performance or apparent digestibility of gross energy between treatments over the whole period. However, the substitution of corn by sorghum reduced (p < 0.05) or tended to reduce (p = 0.09) apparent digestibility of crude protein associated with an increased faecal nitrogen excretion per weight gain (p < 0.05). Pigs fed SBD had higher contents of urea nitrogen, total triglyceride and insulin in serum than those fed CBD (p < 0.05). Visceral organ weights or antioxidant enzyme activities in serum or liver were not different between treatments. Compared with CBD, SBD increased or tended to increase amylase activity in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05) or trypsin activity in duodenal mucosa (p = 0.08). Replacement of corn by the low-tannin sorghum in diets did not influence the microbiota community based on alpha and beta diversity in caecal and colonal digesta. Overall, the home-grown low-tannin sorghum could be an alternative energy source in diets for pigs without adverse effects on growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pan
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong An
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Valorization of Aquaculture By-Products of Salmonids to Produce Enzymatic Hydrolysates: Process Optimization, Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Bioactives. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120676. [PMID: 31801228 PMCID: PMC6950744 DOI: 10.3390/md17120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present manuscript, various by-products (heads, trimmings, and frames) generated from salmonids (rainbow trout and salmon) processing were evaluated as substrates for the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs), potentially adequate as protein ingredients of aquaculture feeds. Initially, enzymatic conditions of hydrolysis were optimized using second order rotatable designs and multivariable statistical analysis. The optimal conditions for the Alcalase hydrolysis of heads were 0.1% (v/w) of enzyme concentration, pH 8.27, 56.2°C, ratio (Solid:Liquid = 1:1), 3 h of hydrolysis, and agitation of 200 rpm for rainbow trout and 0.2% (v/w) of enzyme, pH 8.98, 64.2 °C, 200 rpm, 3 h of hydrolysis, and S:L = 1:1 for salmon. These conditions obtained at 100 mL-reactor scale were then validated at 5L-reactor scale. The hydrolytic capacity of Alcalase and the protein quality of FPHs were excellent in terms of digestion of wastes (Vdig > 84%), high degrees of hydrolysis (Hm > 30%), high concentration of soluble protein (Prs > 48 g/L), good balance of amino acids, and almost full in vitro digestibility (Dig > 93%). Fish oils were recovered from wastes jointly with FPHs and bioactive properties of hydrolysates (antioxidant and antihypertensive) were also determined. The salmon FPHs from trimmings + frames (TF) showed the higher protein content in comparison to the rest of FPHs from salmonids. Average molecular weights of salmonid-FPHs ranged from 1.4 to 2.0 kDa and the peptide sizes distribution indicated that hydrolysates of rainbow trout heads and salmon TF led to the highest percentages of small peptides (0-500 Da).
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Zhou J, Yang M, Han J, Lu C, Li Y, Su X. Effects of dietary tuna dark muscle enzymatic hydrolysis and cooking drip supplementations on growth performance, antioxidant activity and gut microbiota modulation of Bama mini-piglets. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25084-25093. [PMID: 35528679 PMCID: PMC9070055 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02594d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the enzymatic hydrolysis of tuna dark muscle (EH-TDM) and cooking drip (EH-TCD) as nutrition supplements in Bama mini-piglets. Our results showed that EH-TDM treatment produce considerable benefits for the Bama mini-piglets in terms of the feed efficiency, the prevention of oxidative damage and the control of blood lipid levels. The EH-TCD treatment also improved the growth performance, whereas all other aspects deteriorated. The analyses of the gut microbiota revealed an increased proportion of bacteria involved in energy metabolism and protein utilization in these two groups. Furthermore, short chain fatty acid producing bacteria were increased, as well as the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are involved in intestinal dysfunction regulation. This study will provide valuable information for the development of marine protein hydrolysates as feed ingredients for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo China +86-0574-87608368 +86-0574-87608368
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Mingyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo China +86-0574-87608368 +86-0574-87608368
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo China +86-0574-87608368 +86-0574-87608368
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo China +86-0574-87608368 +86-0574-87608368
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo China +86-0574-87608368 +86-0574-87608368
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University 818 Fenghua Road Ningbo China +86-0574-87608368 +86-0574-87608368
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University Ningbo China
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Biasato I, Renna M, Gai F, Dabbou S, Meneguz M, Perona G, Martinez S, Lajusticia ACB, Bergagna S, Sardi L, Capucchio MT, Bressan E, Dama A, Schiavone A, Gasco L. Partially defatted black soldier fly larva meal inclusion in piglet diets: effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology and histological features. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:12. [PMID: 30820321 PMCID: PMC6379995 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens L.) larva meal on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology and histological features of piglets. A total of 48 newly weaned piglets were individually weighed (initial body weight (IBW): 6.1 ± 0.16 kg) and randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments (4 boxes as replicates/treatment and 4 animals/box). BSF larva meal was included at increasing levels (0% [BSF0], 5% [BSF5] and 10% [BSF10]) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for two feeding phases: I (from d 1 to d 23) and II (from d 24 to d 61). The weight gain (WG), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated for each feeding phase and for the whole trial. The haematochemical parameters and nutrient digestibility of the piglets were also evaluated. A total of 3 piglets per box were slaughtered on d 61 and the slaughtered piglets were submitted to morphometric investigations and histopathological examinations. Results No overall significant differences were observed for growth performance (P > 0.05), except for the ADFI of phase II, which showed a linear response to increasing BSF meal levels (P < 0.05, maximum for the BSF10 group). Dietary BSF meal inclusion did not significantly influence the blood profile, except as far as monocytes and neutrophils are concerned, and these showed a linear and quadratic response, respectively, to increasing BSF meal levels (P < 0.05, maximum for the BSF10 and BSF5 groups, respectively). On the other hand, the nutrient digestibility, gut morphology and histological features were not affected by dietary BSF meal inclusion (P > 0.05). Conclusions The obtained results show that a partially defatted BSF larva meal can be used as a feed ingredient in diets for weaned piglets without negatively affecting their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology or histological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Biasato
- 1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Italy
| | - Manuela Renna
- 2Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Turin Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- 3National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- 2Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Turin Italy
| | - Marco Meneguz
- 1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Italy
| | - Giovanni Perona
- 4SDSV - Teaching Structure of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Italy
| | - Silvia Martinez
- 5Department of Animal Production, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Barroeta Lajusticia
- 6Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and the Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Sardi
- 8Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, (BO) Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- 2Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Turin Italy
| | - Enrico Bressan
- 1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Italy
| | - Andrea Dama
- 1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- 2Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Turin Italy.,3National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- 1Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Italy
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Review: Feed demand landscape and implications of food-not feed strategy for food security and climate change. Animal 2017; 12:1744-1754. [PMID: 29198265 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111700324x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The food-feed competition is one of the complex challenges, and so are the ongoing climate change, land degradation and water shortage for realizing sustainable food production systems. By 2050 the global demand for animal products is projected to increase by 60% to 70%, and developing countries will have a lion's share in this increase. Currently, ~800 million tonnes of cereals (one-third of total cereal production) are used in animal feed and by 2050 it is projected to be over 1.1 billion tonnes. Most of the increase in feed demand will be in developing countries, which already face many food security challenges. Additional feed required for the projected increased demand of animal products, if met through food grains, will further exacerbate the food insecurity in these countries. Furthermore, globally, the production, processing and transport of feed account for 45% of the greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector. This paper presents approaches for addressing these challenges in quest for making livestock sector more sustainable. The use of novel human-inedible feed resources such as insect meals, leaf meals, protein isolates, single cell protein produced using waste streams, protein hydrolysates, spineless cactus, algae, co-products of the biofuel industry, food wastes among others, has enormous prospects. Efficient use of grasslands also offers possibilities for increasing carbon sequestration, land reclamation and livestock productivity. Opportunities also exist for decreasing feed wastages by simple and well proven practices such as use of appropriate troughs, increase in efficiency of harvesting crop residues and their conversion to complete feeds especially in the form of densified feed blocks or pellets, feeding as per the nutrient requirements, among others. Available evidence have been presented to substantiate arguments that: (a) for successful and sustained adoption of a feed technology, participation of the private sector and a sound business plan are required, (b) for sustainability of the livestock production systems, it is also important to consider the consumption of animal products and a case has been presented to assess future needs of animal source foods based on their requirements for healthy living,
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Olsen RL, Toppe J. Fish silage hydrolysates: Not only a feed nutrient, but also a useful feed additive. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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