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Jeong H, Byun H, Lee J, Han Y, Huh SJ, Shin H. Enhancement of Bone Tissue Regeneration with Multi-Functional Nanoparticles by Coordination of Immune, Osteogenic, and Angiogenic Responses. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400232. [PMID: 38696729 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles are promising materials for bone tissue engineering due to their chemical resemblance to the native bone structure. However, most studies are unable to capture the entirety of the defective environment, providing limited bone regenerative abilities. Hence, this study aims to develop a multifunctional nanoparticle to collectively control the defective bone niche, including immune, angiogenic, and osteogenic systems. The nanoparticles, self-assembled by biomimetic mineralization and tannic acid (TA)-mediated metal-polyphenol network (MPN), are released sustainably after the incorporation within a gelatin cryogel. The released nanoparticles display a reduction in M1 macrophages by means of reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination. Consequently, osteoclast maturation is also reduced, which is observed by the minimal formation of multinucleated cells (0.4%). Furthermore, the proportion of M2 macrophages, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenic potential are consistently increased by the effects of magnesium from the nanoparticles. This orchestrated control of multiple systems influences the in vivo vascularized bone regeneration in which 80% of the critical-sized bone defect is regenerated with new bones with mature lamellar structure and arteriole-scale micro-vessels. Altogether, this study emphasizes the importance of the coordinated modulation of immune, osteogenic, and angiogenic systems at the bone defect site for robust bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewoo Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Byun
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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Loh HY, Norman BP, Lai KS, Cheng WH, Nik Abd Rahman NMA, Mohamed Alitheen NB, Osman MA. Post-Transcriptional Regulatory Crosstalk between MicroRNAs and Canonical TGF-β/BMP Signalling Cascades on Osteoblast Lineage: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076423. [PMID: 37047394 PMCID: PMC10094338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, single-stranded, and non-protein coding RNAs about 19 to 22 nucleotides in length, that have been reported to have important roles in the control of bone development. MiRNAs have a strong influence on osteoblast differentiation through stages of lineage commitment and maturation, as well as via controlling the activities of osteogenic signal transduction pathways. Generally, miRNAs may modulate cell stemness, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by binding the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of the target genes, which then can subsequently undergo messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or protein translational repression. MiRNAs manage the gene expression in osteogenic differentiation by regulating multiple signalling cascades and essential transcription factors, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP), Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signalling pathways; the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2); and osterix (Osx). This shows that miRNAs are essential in regulating diverse osteoblast cell functions. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals and exert diverse functions in osteoblastogenesis, skeletal development and bone formation, bone homeostasis, and diseases. Herein, we highlighted the current state of in vitro and in vivo research describing miRNA regulation on the canonical TGF-β/BMP signalling, their effects on osteoblast linage, and understand their mechanism of action for the development of possible therapeutics. In this review, particular attention and comprehensive database searches are focused on related works published between the years 2000 to 2022, using the resources from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Loh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Brendan P Norman
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azuraidi Osman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wei F, Mu Y, Tan RP, Wise SG, Bilek MM, Zhou Y, Xiao Y. Osteo-Immunomodulatory Role of Interleukin-4-Immobilized Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation Membranes for Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2590-2601. [PMID: 36607242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration are essential for bone repair and regeneration. The implanted membranes may trigger early inflammatory responses as a foreign material, which can affect the recruitment and differentiation of bone cells during tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether immobilizing interleukin 4 (IL4) on plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)-activated surfaces may alter the osteo-immunoregulatory characteristics of the membranes and produce pro-osteogenic effects. In order to immobilize IL4, polycaprolactone surfaces were modified using the PIII technology. No discernible alterations were found between the morphology before and after PIII treatment or IL4 immobilization. IL4-immobilized PIII surfaces polarized macrophages to an M2 phenotype and mitigated inflammatory cytokine production under lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Interestingly, the co-culture of macrophages (on IL4-immobilized PIII surfaces) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells enhanced the production of angiogenic and osteogenic factors and triggered autophagy activation. Exosomes produced by PIII + IL4-stimulated macrophages were also found to play a role in osteoblast differentiation. In conclusion, the osteo-immunoregulatory properties of bone materials can be modified by PIII-assisted IL4 immobilization, creating a favorable osteoimmune milieu for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wei
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Yuqing Mu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Richard P Tan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Steven G Wise
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Marcela M Bilek
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Teuben MJ, Halvachizadeh S, Kalbas Y, Qiao Z, Cesarovic N, Weisskopf M, Teuber H, Kalbitz M, Cinelli P, Pfeifer R, Pape H. Cellular activation status in femoral shaft fracture hematoma following different reaming techniques - A large animal model. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2822-2830. [PMID: 35301740 PMCID: PMC9790649 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The local inflammatory impact of different reaming protocols in intramedullary nailing has been sparsely investigated. We examined the effect of different reaming protocols on fracture hematoma (FH) immunological characteristics in pigs. To do so, a standardized midshaft femur fracture was induced in adult male pigs. Fractures were treated with conventional reamed femoral nailing (group RFN, n = 6); unreamed femoral nailing (group UFN, n = 6); reaming with a Reamer Irrigator Aspirator device (group RIA, n = 12). Animals were observed for 6 h and FH was collected. FH-cell apoptosis and neutrophil receptor expression (Mac-1/CD11b and FcγRIII/CD16) were studied by flow cytometry and local temperature changes were analyzed. The study demonstrates that apoptosis-rates of FH-immune cells were significantly lower in group RIA (3.50 ± 0.53%) when compared with non-RIA groups: (group UFN 12.50 ± 5.22%, p = 0.028 UFN vs. RIA), (group RFN 13.30 ± 3.18%, p < 0.001, RFN vs. RIA). Further, RIA-FH showed lower neutrophil CD11b/CD16 expression when compared with RFN (mean difference of 43.0% median fluorescence intensity (MFI), p = 0.02; and mean difference of 35.3% MFI, p = 0.04, respectively). Finally, RIA induced a transient local hypothermia and hypothermia negatively correlated with both FH-immune cell apoptosis and neutrophil activation. In conclusion, immunologic changes observed in FH appear to be modified by certain reaming techniques. Irrigation during reaming was associated with transient local hypothermia, decreased apoptosis, and reduced neutrophil activation. Further study is warranted to examine whether the rinsing effect of RIA, specific tissue removal by reaming, or thermal effects predominantly determine local inflammatory changes during reaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Paul Johan Teuben
- Department of TraumatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopedic ResearchZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sascha Halvachizadeh
- Department of TraumatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopedic ResearchZurichSwitzerland
| | - Yannik Kalbas
- Department of TraumatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopedic ResearchZurichSwitzerland
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Clinic RWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Division of Surgical ResearchUniversity of Zurich and University Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Department of Health Sciences, Translational Cardiovascular TechnologiesETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryGerman Heart Institute BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Miriam Weisskopf
- Division of Surgical ResearchUniversity of Zurich and University Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Henrik Teuber
- Department of TraumatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopedic ResearchZurichSwitzerland
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐University NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Department of TraumatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopedic ResearchZurichSwitzerland,Division of Surgical ResearchUniversity of Zurich and University Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of TraumatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopedic ResearchZurichSwitzerland
| | - Hans‐Christoph Pape
- Department of TraumatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Harald Tscherne Laboratory for Orthopedic ResearchZurichSwitzerland
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Tschaffon MEA, Reber SO, Schoppa A, Nandi S, Cirstea IC, Aszodi A, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. A novel in vitro assay to study chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation. Endocrine 2022; 75:266-275. [PMID: 34529238 PMCID: PMC8763722 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endochondral ossification, which involves transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into osteoblasts, is an important process involved in the development and postnatal growth of most vertebrate bones as well as in bone fracture healing. To study the basic molecular mechanisms of this process, a robust and easy-to-use in vitro model is desirable. Therefore, we aimed to develop a standardized in vitro assay for the transdifferentiation of chondrogenic cells towards the osteogenic lineage. METHODS Murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells were differentiated into the chondrogenic lineage for seven days and subsequently differentiated towards the osteogenic direction. Gene expression analysis of pluripotency, as well as chondrogenic and osteogenic markers, cell-matrix staining, and immunofluorescent staining, were performed to assess the differentiation. In addition, the effects of Wnt3a and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the transdifferentiation were tested by their addition to the osteogenic differentiation medium. RESULTS Following osteogenic differentiation, chondrogenically pe-differentiated cells displayed the expression of pluripotency and osteogenic marker genes as well as alkaline phosphatase activity and a mineralized matrix. Co-expression of Col2a1 and Col1a1 after one day of osteogenic differentiation indicated that osteogenic cells had differentiated from chondrogenic cells. Wnt3a increased and LPS decreased transdifferentiation towards the osteogenic lineage. CONCLUSION We successfully established a rapid, standardized in vitro assay for the transdifferentiation of chondrogenic cells into osteogenic cells, which is suitable for testing the effects of different compounds on this cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E A Tschaffon
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sayantan Nandi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ion C Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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ElHawary H, Baradaran A, Abi-Rafeh J, Vorstenbosch J, Xu L, Efanov JI. Bone Healing and Inflammation: Principles of Fracture and Repair. Semin Plast Surg 2021; 35:198-203. [PMID: 34526868 PMCID: PMC8432998 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bones comprise a significant percentage of human weight and have important physiologic and structural roles. Bone remodeling occurs when healthy bone is renewed to maintain bone strength and maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis. It proceeds through four phases: (1) cell activation, (2) resorption, (3) reversal, and (4) bone formation. Bone healing, on the other hand, involves rebuilding bone following a fracture. There are two main types of bone healing, primary and secondary. Inflammation plays an integral role in both bone remodeling and healing. Therefore, a tightly regulated inflammatory response helps achieve these two processes, and levels of inflammation can have detrimental effects on bone healing. Other factors that significantly affect bone healing are inadequate blood supply, biomechanical instability, immunosuppression, and smoking. By understanding the different mechanisms of bone healing and the factors that affect them, we may have a better understanding of the underlying principles of bony fixation and thereby improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan ElHawary
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aslan Baradaran
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jad Abi-Rafeh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joshua Vorstenbosch
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liqin Xu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johnny Ionut Efanov
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Sabaté-Brescó M, Berset CM, Zeiter S, Stanic B, Thompson K, Ziegler M, Richards RG, O'Mahony L, Moriarty TF. Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model. Biol Open 2021; 10:270855. [PMID: 34240122 PMCID: PMC8496694 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical stability plays an important role in fracture healing, with unstable fixation being associated with healing disturbances. A lack of stability is also considered a risk factor for fracture-related infection (FRI), although confirmatory studies and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms are lacking. In the present study, we investigate whether biomechanical (in)stability can lead to altered immune responses in mice under sterile or experimentally inoculated conditions. In non-inoculated C57BL/6 mice, instability resulted in an early increase of inflammatory markers such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and interleukin (IL)-6 within the bone. When inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis, instability resulted in a further significant increase in G-CSF, IL-6 and KC in bone tissue. Staphylococcus aureus infection led to rapid osteolysis and instability in all animals and was not further studied. Gene expression measurements also showed significant upregulation in CCL2 and G-CSF in these mice. IL-17A was found to be upregulated in all S. epidermidis infected mice, with higher systemic IL-17A cell responses in mice that cleared the infection, which was found to be produced by CD4+ and γδ+ T cells in the bone marrow. IL-17A knock-out (KO) mice displayed a trend of delayed clearance of infection (P=0.22, Fisher’s exact test) and an increase in interferon (IFN)-γ production. Biomechanical instability leads to a more pronounced local inflammatory response, which is exaggerated by bacterial infection. This study provides insights into long-held beliefs that biomechanics are crucial not only for fracture healing, but also for control of infection. Summary: Physical movement between bone fragments after a fracture influence healing, and are shown here, for the first time, to influence immune responses and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sabaté-Brescó
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Corina M Berset
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Zeiter
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Stanic
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Keith Thompson
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mario Ziegler
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Liu Y, Yang Z, Wang L, Sun L, Kim BYS, Jiang W, Yuan Y, Liu C. Spatiotemporal Immunomodulation Using Biomimetic Scaffold Promotes Endochondral Ossification-Mediated Bone Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100143. [PMID: 34105266 PMCID: PMC8188258 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials play an important role in treating bone defects by promoting direct osteogenic healing through intramembranous ossification (IO). However, majority of the body's bones form via cartilaginous intermediates by endochondral ossification (EO), a process that has not been well mimicked by engineered scaffolds, thus limiting their clinical utility in treating large segmental bone defects. Here, by entrapping corticosteroid dexamethasone within biomimetic recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-loaded porous mesoporous bioglass scaffolds and regulating their release kinetics, significant degree of ectopic bone formation through endochondral ossification is achieved. By regulating the recruitment and polarization of immune suppressive macrophage phenotypes, the scaffold promotes rapid chondrogenesis by activating Hif-3α signaling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells, which upregulates the expression of downstream chondrogenic genes. Inhibition of Hif-3α signaling reverses the endochondral ossification phenotype. Together, these results reveal a strategy to facilitate developmental bone growth process using immune modulating biomimetic scaffolds, thus providing new opportunities for developing biomaterials capable of inducing natural tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA
| | - Lixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Betty Y. S. Kim
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
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Yin X, Yang C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Weng J, Feng B. Alginate/chitosan modified immunomodulatory titanium implants for promoting osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 124:112087. [PMID: 33947577 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The essentiality of macrophages for biomaterial-mediated osteogenesis has been increasingly recognized. However, it is still unclear what is the specific role and molecular mechanisms of macrophages and material properties in the regulation of osteogenesis. As an interdisciplinary field exploring the cross-talk between immune and skeletal systems, osteoimmunology has shifted the perspective of bone substitute materials from immunosuppressive materials to immunomodulatory materials. To fabricate an immunomodulatory Ti implant, alginate/chitosan multilayer films were fabricated on the surface of titania nanotubes (TNTs) to control the release of an anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 according to our previous work. The osteogenic effects and regulation mechanisms of the immunomodulatory Ti implants were investigated in vitro in different BMSCs culture modes. Alginate/chitosan multilayer-coated samples (with or without IL-4 loading) showed better direct osteogenic ability than TNTs by promoting biomineralization and up-regulating osteogenic gene expression (BMP1α, ALP, OPN, OCN) of BMSCs. Notably, material-induced macrophage polarization, M1 and M2, enhanced early and mid-stage osteogenesis of BMSCs via distinct pathways: M1 activated both BMP6/SMADs and Wnt10b/β-catenin pathways; while M2 activated TGF-β/SMADs pathway. Material surface properties dominated in regulating late osteogenesis probably due to the surface chemical composition (alginate, chitosan and Ca2+, etc.). Due to synergistic effects of material-induced inflammatory microenvironment and material surface properties, IL-4-loaded samples exhibited superior osteogenic capability through co-activation of three signaling pathways. The in vivo studies in rat bone defect model revealed that IL-4-loaded immunomodulatory implants successfully achieved macrophage phenotypic transition from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 and subsequently improved new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Congling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Ziquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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10
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Martyniak K, Wei F, Ballesteros A, Meckmongkol T, Calder A, Gilbertson T, Orlovskaya N, Coathup MJ. Do polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against bone loss in our aging and osteoporotic population? Bone 2021; 143:115736. [PMID: 33171312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is inevitable in both men and women and there will soon be more people of extreme old age than ever before. Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease and as the proportion of older people, rate of obesity and the length of life increases, a rise in age-related degenerating bone diseases, disability, and prolonged dependency is projected. Fragility fractures are one of the most severe complications associated with both primary and secondary osteoporosis and current treatment strategies target weight-bearing exercise and pharmacological intervention, both with limited long-term success. Obesity and osteoporosis are intimately interrelated, and diet is a variable that plays a significant role in bone regeneration and repair. The Western Diet is characterized by its unhealthy components, specifically excess amounts of saturated fat intake. This review examines the impact of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on chronic inflammation, osteogenesis, bone architecture, and strength and explores the hypothesis that dietary polyunsaturated fats have a beneficial effect on osteogenesis, reducing bone loss by decreasing chronic inflammation, and activating bone resorption through key cellular and molecular mechanisms in our aging population. We conclude that aging, obesity and a diet high in saturated fatty acids significantly impairs bone regeneration and repair and that consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with significantly increased bone regeneration, improved microarchitecture and structural strength. However, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were typically pro-inflammatory and have been associated with an increased fracture risk. This review suggests a potential role for ω-3 fatty acids as a non-pharmacological dietary method of reducing bone loss in our aging population. We also conclude that contemporary amendments to the formal nutritional recommendations made by the Food and Nutrition Board may be necessary such that our aging population is directly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Martyniak
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Amelia Ballesteros
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Teerin Meckmongkol
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of General Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ashley Calder
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Timothy Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Nina Orlovskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
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11
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Roberts JL, Liu G, Darby TM, Fernandes LM, Diaz-Hernandez ME, Jones RM, Drissi H. Bifidobacterium adolescentis supplementation attenuates fracture-induced systemic sequelae. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110831. [PMID: 33022534 PMCID: PMC9979243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is an important contributor to both health and disease. While previous studies have reported on the beneficial influences of the gut microbiota and probiotic supplementation on bone health, their role in recovery from skeletal injury and resultant systemic sequelae remains unexplored. This study aimed to determine the extent to which probiotics could modulate bone repair by dampening fracture-induced systemic inflammation. Our findings demonstrate that femur fracture induced an increase in gut permeability lasting up to 7 days after trauma before returning to basal levels. Strikingly, dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium adolescentis augmented the tightening of the intestinal barrier, dampened the systemic inflammatory response to fracture, accelerated fracture callus cartilage remodeling, and elicited enhanced protection of the intact skeleton following fracture. Together, these data outline a mechanism whereby dietary supplementation with beneficial bacteria can be therapeutically targeted to prevent the systemic pathologies induced by femur fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA,Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guanglu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Trevor M. Darby
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lorenzo M. Fernandes
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Rheinallt M. Jones
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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Gas Permeability of Mold during Freezing Process Alters the Pore Distribution of Gelatin Sponge and Its Bone-Forming Ability. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214705. [PMID: 33105615 PMCID: PMC7659933 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is widely used in the preparation of porous biomaterials. Nevertheless, limited information is known regarding the effect of gas permeability on molds to obtain porous materials. We demonstrated that the different levels of gas permeability of molds remarkably altered the pore distribution of prepared gelatin sponges and distinct bone formation at critical-sized bone defects of the rat calvaria. Three types of molds were prepared: silicon tube (ST), which has high gas permeability; ST covered with polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) film, which has low gas permeability, at the lateral side (STPL); and ST covered with PVDC at both the lateral and bottom sides (STPLB). The cross sections or curved surfaces of the sponges were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. The gelatin sponge prepared using ST mold demonstrated wider pore size and spatial distribution and larger average pore diameter (149.2 µm) compared with that prepared using STPL and STPLB. The sponges using ST demonstrated significantly poor bone formation and bone mineral density after 3 weeks. The results suggest that the gas permeability of molds critically alters the pore size and spatial pore distribution of prepared sponges during the freeze-drying process, which probably causes distinct bone formation.
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13
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Honda Y, Huang A, Tanaka T, Han X, Gao B, Liu H, Wang X, Zhao J, Hashimoto Y, Yamamoto K, Matsumoto N, Baba S, Umeda M. Augmentation of Bone Regeneration by Depletion of Stress-Induced Senescent Cells Using Catechin and Senolytics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124213. [PMID: 32545756 PMCID: PMC7352429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in bone regenerative medicine, the relationship between stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) in cells and bone regeneration remains largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that the implantation of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sustained-release gelatin sponge (LS-G) increases the number of SIPS cells and that the elimination of these cells promotes bone formation in critical-sized bone defects in the rat calvaria. Histological (hematoxylin–eosin and SA-β-gal) and immunohistological (p16 and p21 for analyzing cellular senescence and 4-HNE for oxidation) staining was used to identify SIPS cells and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Bone formation in defects were analyzed using microcomputed tomography, one and four weeks after surgery. Parallel to LS-G implantation, local epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) administration, and systemic senolytic (dasatinib and quercetin: D+Q) administration were used to eliminate SIPS cells. After LS-G implantation, SA-β-gal-, p16-, and p21-positive cells (SIPS cells) accumulated in the defects. However, treatment with LS-G+EGCG and LS-G+D+Q resulted in lower numbers of SIPS cells than that with LS-G in the defects, resulting in an augmentation of newly formed bone. We demonstrated that SIPS cells induced by sustained stimulation by LPS may play a deleterious role in bone formation. Controlling these cell numbers is a promising strategy to increase bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Honda
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-72-864-3130 (Y.H.); +81-75-724-7802 (T.T.)
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (A.H.); (B.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (T.T.); Tel.: +81-72-864-3130 (Y.H.); +81-75-724-7802 (T.T.)
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.H.); (H.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Beiyuan Gao
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (A.H.); (B.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.H.); (H.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Kazuyo Yamamoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.H.); (H.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (X.W.); (J.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Shunsuke Baba
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (A.H.); (B.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
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14
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Clark D, Brazina S, Yang F, Hu D, Hsieh CL, Niemi EC, Miclau T, Nakamura MC, Marcucio R. Age-related changes to macrophages are detrimental to fracture healing in mice. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13112. [PMID: 32096907 PMCID: PMC7059136 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population suffers from higher rates of complications during fracture healing that result in increased morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory dysregulation is associated with increased age and is a contributing factor to the myriad of age-related diseases. Therefore, we investigated age-related changes to an important cellular regulator of inflammation, the macrophage, and the impact on fracture healing outcomes. We demonstrated that old mice (24 months) have delayed fracture healing with significantly less bone and more cartilage compared to young mice (3 months). The quantity of infiltrating macrophages into the fracture callus was similar in old and young mice. However, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated distinct differences in the transcriptomes of macrophages derived from the fracture callus of old and young mice, with an up-regulation of M1/pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages from old mice as well as dysregulation of other immune-related genes. Preventing infiltration of the fracture site by macrophages in old mice improved healing outcomes, with significantly more bone in the calluses of treated mice compared to age-matched controls. After preventing infiltration by macrophages, the macrophages remaining within the fracture callus were collected and examined via RNA-seq analysis, and their transcriptome resembled macrophages from young calluses. Taken together, infiltrating macrophages from old mice demonstrate detrimental age-related changes, and depleting infiltrating macrophages can improve fracture healing in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clark
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Orofacial SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Sloane Brazina
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Frank Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Diane Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Christine L. Hsieh
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineSan Francisco VA Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Erene C. Niemi
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineSan Francisco VA Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Mary C. Nakamura
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineSan Francisco VA Health Care SystemSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Ralph Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySchool of MedicineOrthopaedic Trauma InstituteZuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
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15
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Releasing Behavior of Lipopolysaccharide from Gelatin Modulates Inflammation, Cellular Senescence, and Bone Formation in Critical-Sized Bone Defects in Rat Calvaria. MATERIALS 2019; 13:ma13010095. [PMID: 31878096 PMCID: PMC6981995 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a well-known strong inducer of inflammation. However, there is little information regarding how LPS-release behavior affects cellular senescence at the affected area. In this paper, we demonstrate that a vacuum-heating technique (dehydrothermal treatment) can be utilized to prepare an LPS sustained-release gelatin sponge (LS-G). LPS sustained release from gelatin leads to the long-term existence of senescent cells in critical-sized bone defects in rat calvaria. Three types of gelatin sponges were prepared in this study: a medical-grade gelatin sponge with extremely low LPS levels (MG), LS-G, and a LPS rapid-release gelatin sponge (LR-G). Histological (H-E) and immunohistochemical (COX-2, p16, and p21) staining were utilized to evaluate inflammatory reactions and cellular senescence one to three weeks after surgery. Soft X-ray imaging was utilized to estimate new bone formation in the defects. The LR-G led to stronger swelling and COX-2 expression in defects compared to the MG and LS-G at 1 week. Despite a small inflammatory reaction, LS-G implantation led to the long-term existence of senescent cells and hampered bone formation compared to the MG and LR-G. These results suggest that vacuum heating is a viable technique for preparing different types of materials for releasing bacterial components, which is helpful for developing disease models for elucidating cellular senescence and bone regeneration.
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16
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Croes M, van der Wal BCH, Vogely HC. Impact of Bacterial Infections on Osteogenesis: Evidence From In Vivo Studies. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2067-2076. [PMID: 31329305 PMCID: PMC6771910 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The clinical impact of bacterial infections on bone regeneration has been incompletely quantified and documented. As a result, controversy exists about the optimal treatment strategy to maximize healing of a contaminated defect. Animal models are extremely useful in this respect, as they can elucidate how a bacterial burden influences quantitative healing of various types of defects relative to non-infected controls. Moreover, they may demonstrate how antibacterial treatment and/or bone grafting techniques facilitate the osteogenic response in the harsh environment of a bacterial infection. Finally, it a well-known contradiction that osteomyelitis is characterized by uncontrolled bone remodeling and bone loss, but at the same time, it can be associated with excessive new bone apposition. Animal studies can provide a better understanding of how osteolytic and osteogenic responses are related to each other during infection. This review discusses the in vivo impact of bacterial infection on osteogenesis by addressing the following questions (i) How does osteomyelitis affect the radiographic bone appearance? (ii) What is the influence of bacterial infection on histological bone healing? (iii) How do bacterial infections affect quantitative bone healing? (iv) What is the effect of antibacterial treatment on the healing outcome during infection? (v) What is the efficacy of osteoinductive proteins in infected bones? (vi) What is the balance between the osteoclastic and osteoblastic response during bacterial infections? (vii) What is the mechanism of the observed pro-osteogenic response as observed in osteomyelitis? © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research© published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2067-2076, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Croes
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtHeidelberglaan 1003508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bart C. H. van der Wal
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtHeidelberglaan 1003508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - H. Charles Vogely
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtHeidelberglaan 1003508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
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17
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Arabiyat AS, Diaz-Rodriguez P, Erndt-Marino JD, Totsingan F, Mekala S, Gross RA, Hahn MS. Effect of Poly(sophorolipid) Functionalization on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis and Immunomodulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:118-126. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Hesselink L, Bastian OW, Heeres M, ten Berg M, Huisman A, Hoefer IE, van Solinge WW, Koenderman L, van Wessem KJP, Leenen LPH, Hietbrink F. An increase in myeloid cells after severe injury is associated with normal fracture healing: a retrospective study of 62 patients with a femoral fracture. Acta Orthop 2018; 89:585-590. [PMID: 30080430 PMCID: PMC6202765 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2018.1501974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose-Nonunion is common in femoral fractures. Previous studies suggested that the systemic immune response after trauma can interfere with fracture healing. Therefore, we investigated whether there is a relation between peripheral blood cell counts and healing of femur fractures. Patients and methods-62 multi-trauma patients with a femoral fracture presenting at the University Medical Centre Utrecht between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively included. Peripheral blood cell counts from hematological analyzers were recorded from the 1st through the 14th day of the hospital stay. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare outcome groups. Results-12 of the 62 patients developed nonunion of the femoral fracture. The peripheral blood-count curves of total leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets were all statistically significantly lower in patients with nonunion, coinciding with significantly higher CRP levels during the first 2 weeks after trauma in these patients. Interpretation-Patients who developed femoral nonunion after major trauma demonstrated lower numbers of myeloid cells in the peripheral blood than patients with normal fracture healing. This absent rise of myeloid cells seems to be related to a more severe post-traumatic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Hesselink
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; ,Correspondence:
| | - Okan W Bastian
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht;
| | - Marjolein Heeres
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht;
| | - Maarten ten Berg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht;
| | - Albert Huisman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht;
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht;
| | - Wouter W van Solinge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht;
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology and Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Luke P H Leenen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht;
| | - Falco Hietbrink
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht;
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19
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Peterburs B, Mittelstaedt A, Haas P, Petri M, Westphal R, Dullin C, Sehmisch S, Neunaber C. Biomechanical and histological analyses of the fracture healing process after direct or prolonged reduction. Eur J Med Res 2018; 23:39. [PMID: 30180907 PMCID: PMC6122772 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-018-0337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduction of femoral shaft fractures remains a challenging problem in orthopaedic surgery. Robot-assisted reduction might ease reduction and fracture treatment. However, the influence of different reduction pathways on patients’ physiology is not fully known yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the biomechanics and histology of fracture healing after direct and prolonged robot-assisted reduction in an in vivo rat model. Methods 144 male CD® rats were randomly assigned to 12 groups. Each animal received an external fixator and an osteotomy on the left femoral shaft. On the fourth postoperative day, the 1× reduction groups received a single reduction maneuver, whereas the 10× reduction groups received the same reduction pathway with ten repetitions. The control groups did not undergo any reduction maneuvers. Animals were killed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, respectively, and the composition of the fracture gap was analyzed by µCT and non-decalcified histology. Biomechanical properties were investigated by a three-point bending test, and the bone turnover markers PINP, bCTx, OPG, sRANKL, TRACP-5b, BALP, and OT/BGP were measured. Results One week after the reduction maneuver, µCT analysis showed a higher cortical bone volume in the 1× reduction group compared to the 10× reduction group. Biomechanically, the control group showed higher maximum force values measured by three-point bending test compared to both reduction groups. Furthermore, less collagen I formation was examined in the 10× reduction group compared to the control group after 1 week of fracture healing. PINP concentration was decreased in 10× reduction group after 1 week compared to control group. The same trend was seen after 3 weeks. Conclusion A single reduction maneuver has a beneficial effect in the early phase of the fracture healing process compared to repeated reduction maneuvers. In the later phase of fracture healing, no differences were found between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Peterburs
- Hannover Medical School (MHH) -Trauma Department, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anke Mittelstaedt
- Hannover Medical School (MHH) -Trauma Department, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Haas
- Hannover Medical School (MHH) -Trauma Department, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Petri
- Hannover Medical School (MHH) -Trauma Department, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Westphal
- Institute for Robotics and Process Control, Technical University Braunschweig, Mühlenpfordtstraße 23, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Italian Synchrotron Light Source 'Elettra', SYRMEP Beamline, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Hannover Medical School (MHH) -Trauma Department, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Bastian OW, Mrozek MH, Raaben M, Leenen LPH, Koenderman L, Blokhuis TJ. Serum from the Human Fracture Hematoma Contains a Potent Inducer of Neutrophil Chemotaxis. Inflammation 2018; 41:1084-1092. [PMID: 29511935 PMCID: PMC5982450 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A controlled local inflammatory response is essential for adequate fracture healing. However, the current literature suggests that local and systemic hyper-inflammatory conditions after major trauma induce increased influx of neutrophils into the fracture hematoma (FH) and impair bone regeneration. Inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis towards the FH without compromising the hosts' defense may therefore be a target of future therapies that prevent impairment of fracture healing after major trauma. We investigated whether chemotaxis of neutrophils towards the FH could be studied in vitro. Moreover, we determined whether chemotaxis of neutrophils towards the FH was mediated by the CXCR1, CXCR2, FPR, and C5aR receptors. Human FHs were isolated during an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) procedure within 3 days after trauma and spun down to obtain the fracture hematoma serum. Neutrophil migration towards the FH was studied using Ibidi™ Chemotaxis3D μ-Slides and image analysis of individual neutrophil tracks was performed. Our study showed that the human FH induces significant neutrophil chemotaxis, which was not affected by blocking CXCR1 and CXCR2. In contrast, neutrophil chemotaxis towards the FH was significantly inhibited by chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus (CHIPS), which blocks FPR and C5aR. Blocking only C5aR with CHIPSΔ1F also significantly inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis towards the FH. Our finding that neutrophil chemotaxis towards the human FH can be blocked in vitro using CHIPS may aid the development of therapies that prevent impairment of fracture healing after major trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan W. Bastian
- Department of Traumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mikolaj H. Mrozek
- Department of Traumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Raaben
- Department of Traumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luke P. H. Leenen
- Department of Traumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Laboratory of Translational Immunology (LTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Taco J. Blokhuis
- Department of Traumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by an Inflammatory Microenvironment Affects the Myogenic Differentiation Capacity of Human Laryngeal Mucosa Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:771-782. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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22
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Chen Z, Bachhuka A, Wei F, Wang X, Liu G, Vasilev K, Xiao Y. Nanotopography-based strategy for the precise manipulation of osteoimmunomodulation in bone regeneration. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18129-18152. [PMID: 29143002 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells play vital roles in regulating bone dynamics. Successful bone regeneration requires a favourable osteo-immune environment. The high plasticity and diversity of immune cells make it possible to manipulate the osteo-immune response of immune cells, thus modulating the osteoimmune environment and regulating bone regeneration. With the advancement in nanotechnology, nanotopographies with different controlled surface properties can be fabricated. On tuning the surface properties, the osteo-immune response can be precisely modulated. This highly tunable characteristic and immunomodulatory effects make nanotopography a promising strategy to precisely manipulate osteoimmunomdulation for bone tissue engineering applications. This review first summarises the effects of the immune response during bone healing to show the importance of regulating the immune response for the bone response. The plasticity of immune cells is then reviewed to provide rationales for manipulation of the osteoimmune response. Subsequently, we highlight the current types of nanotopographies applied in bone biomaterials and their fabrication techniques, and explain how these nanotopographies modulate the immune response and the possible underlying mechanisms. The effects of immune cells on nanotopography-mediated osteogenesis are emphasized, and we propose the concept of "nano-osteoimmunomodulation" to provide a valuable strategy for the development of nanotopographies with osteoimmunomodulatory properties that can precisely regulate bone dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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23
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Croes M, Boot W, Kruyt MC, Weinans H, Pouran B, van der Helm YJ, Gawlitta D, Vogely HC, Alblas J, Dhert WJ, Öner FC. Inflammation-Induced Osteogenesis in a Rabbit Tibia Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Croes
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Boot
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moyo C. Kruyt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H. Charles Vogely
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Behrends DA, Hui D, Gao C, Awlia A, Al-Saran Y, Li A, Henderson JE, Martineau PA. Defective Bone Repair in C57Bl6 Mice With Acute Systemic Inflammation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:906-916. [PMID: 27844403 PMCID: PMC5289198 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-016-5159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone repair is initiated with a local inflammatory response to injury. The presence of systemic inflammation impairs bone healing and often leads to malunion, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Our research objective was to use a mouse model of cortical bone repair to determine the effect of systemic inflammation on cells in the bone healing microenvironment. QUESTION/PURPOSES: (1) Does systemic inflammation, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration affect the quantity and quality of regenerating bone in primary bone healing? (2) Does systemic inflammation alter vascularization and the number or activity of inflammatory cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in the bone healing microenvironment? METHODS Cortical defects were drilled in the femoral diaphysis of female and male C57BL/6 mice aged 5 to 9 months that were treated with daily systemic injections of LPS or physiologic saline as control for 7 days. Mice were euthanized at 1 week (Control, n = 7; LPS, n = 8), 2 weeks (Control, n = 7; LPS, n = 8), and 6 weeks (Control, n = 9; LPS, n = 8) after surgery. The quantity (bone volume per tissue volume [BV/TV]) and microarchitecture (trabecular separation and thickness, porosity) of bone in the defect were quantified with time using microCT. The presence or activity of vascular endothelial cells (CD34), macrophages (F4/80), osteoblasts (alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), and osteoclasts (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) were evaluated using histochemical analyses. RESULTS Only one of eight defects was bridged completely 6 weeks after surgery in LPS-injected mouse bones compared with seven of nine defects in the control mouse bones (odds ratio [OR], 0.04; 95% CI, 0.003-0.560; p = 0.007). The decrease in cortical bone in LPS-treated mice was reflected in reduced BV/TV (21% ± 4% vs 39% ± 10%; p < 0.01), increased trabecular separation (240 ± 36 μm vs 171 ± 29 μm; p < 0.01), decreased trabecular thickness (81 ± 18 μm vs 110 ± 22 μm; p = 0.02), and porosity (79% ± 4% vs 60% ± 10%; p < 0.01) at 6 weeks postoperative. Defective healing was accompanied by decreased CD34 (1.1 ± 0.6 vs 3.4 ± 0.9; p < 0.01), ALP (1.9 ± 0.9 vs 6.1 ± 3.2; p = 0.03), and TRAP (3.3 ± 4.7 vs 7.2 ± 4.0; p = 0.01) activity, and increased F4/80 (13 ± 2.6 vs 6.8 ± 1.7; p < 0.01) activity at 2 weeks postoperative. CONCLUSION The results indicate that LPS-induced systemic inflammation reduced the amount and impaired the quality of bone regenerated in mouse femurs. The effects were associated with impaired revascularization, decreased bone turnover by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and by increased catabolic activity by macrophages. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results from this preclinical study support clinical observations of impaired primary bone healing in patients with systemic inflammation. Based on our data, local administration of VEGF in the callus to stimulate revascularization, or transplantation of stem cells to enhance bone turnover represent potentially feasible approaches to improve outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Behrends
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - D. Hui
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000000122889830Microbiology & Immunology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - C. Gao
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - A. Awlia
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Y. Al-Saran
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - A. Li
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - J. E. Henderson
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.416099.3000000012218112XBone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Surgical Research, C10.148.6, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC H3G 1A4 Canada
| | - P. A. Martineau
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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Ng J, Spiller K, Bernhard J, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Biomimetic Approaches for Bone Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:480-493. [PMID: 27912680 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although autologous bone grafts are considered a gold standard for the treatment of bone defects, they are limited by donor site morbidities and geometric requirements. We propose that tissue engineering technology can overcome such limitations by recreating fully viable and biological bone grafts. Specifically, we will discuss the use of bone scaffolds and autologous cells with bioreactor culture systems as a tissue engineering paradigm to grow bone in vitro. We will also discuss emergent vascularization strategies to promote graft survival in vivo, as well as the role of inflammation during bone repair. Finally, we will highlight some recent advances and discuss new solutions to bone repair inspired by endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Ng
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Kara Spiller
- 2 School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Bernhard
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York.,3 Department of Medicine, Columbia University , New York, New York
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26
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Nogueira JE, Branco LGS, Issa JPM. Bone repair: Effects of physical exercise and LPS systemic exposition. Injury 2016; 47:1828-34. [PMID: 27319388 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone repair can be facilitated by grafting, biochemical and physical stimulation. Conversely, it may be delayed lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Physical exercise exerts beneficial effects on the bone, but its effect on bone repair is not known. We investigated the effect of exercise on the LPS action on bone healing through bone densitometry, quantitative histological analysis for bone formation rate and immunohistochemical markers in sedentary and exercised animals. Rats ran on the treadmill for four weeks. After training the rats were submitted to a surgical procedure (bone defect in the right tibia) and 24h after the surgery LPS was administered at a dose of 100μg/kg i.p., whereas the control rats received a saline injection (1ml/kg, i.p.). Right tibias were obtained for analysis after 10days during which rats were not submitted to physical training. Physical exercise had a positive effect on bone repair, increasing bone mineral density, bone mineral content, bone formation rate, type I collagen and osteocalcin expression. These parameters were not affected by systemic administration of LPS. Our data indicate that physical exercise has an important osteogenic effect, which is maintained during acute systemic inflammation induced by exposure to a single dose of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas E Nogueira
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Morphology, Physiology, and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Issa
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Physiology, and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Bastian OW, Kuijer A, Koenderman L, Stellato RK, van Solinge WW, Leenen LP, Blokhuis TJ. Impaired bone healing in multitrauma patients is associated with altered leukocyte kinetics after major trauma. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9:69-78. [PMID: 27274302 PMCID: PMC4876940 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that the systemic inflammatory response to major injury impairs bone regeneration. It remains unclear whether the systemic immune response contributes to impairment of fracture healing in multitrauma patients. It is well known that systemic inflammatory changes after major trauma affect leukocyte kinetics. We therefore retrospectively compared the cellular composition of peripheral blood during the first 2 weeks after injury between multitrauma patients with normal (n=48) and impaired (n=32) fracture healing of the tibia. The peripheral blood-count curves of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and thrombocytes differed significantly between patients with normal and impaired fracture healing during the first 2 weeks after trauma (P-values were 0.0122, 0.0083, 0.0204, and <0.0001, respectively). Mean myeloid cell counts were above reference values during the second week after injury. Our data indicate that leukocyte kinetics differ significantly between patients with normal and impaired fracture healing during the first 2 weeks after major injury. This finding suggests that the systemic immune response to major trauma can disturb tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan W Bastian
- Department of Traumatology, Julius center, Utrecht, the netherlands
| | - Anne Kuijer
- Department of Traumatology, Julius center, Utrecht, the netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Julius center, Utrecht, the netherlands
| | - Rebecca K Stellato
- Department of Biostatistics and Research support, Julius center, Utrecht, the netherlands
| | - Wouter W van Solinge
- Department of clinical chemistry and hematology, University Medical center Utrecht, Utrecht, the netherlands
| | - Luke Ph Leenen
- Department of Traumatology, Julius center, Utrecht, the netherlands
| | - Taco J Blokhuis
- Department of Traumatology, Julius center, Utrecht, the netherlands
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Is There an Impact of Concomitant Injuries and Timing of Fixation of Major Fractures on Fracture Healing? A Focused Review of Clinical and Experimental Evidence. J Orthop Trauma 2016; 30:104-12. [PMID: 26606600 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the underlying patho-mechanisms of delayed fracture healing in polytraumatized patients. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION The following search terms were used: "fracture", "hemorrhage," "chest trauma," "inflammation," "inflammatory response," "fracture healing," "delayed healing," "nonunion," "fracture stabilisation," "intramedullary nailing," "external fixation," "early total care," and "damage control." Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between January 1, 1990 through March 30, 2014. Of 1322 publications, 68 were included in the current summary. CONCLUSION Concomitant injuries and the strategy for fracture stabilization seem to affect bone metabolism and fracture healing. Among the relevant patho-mechanisms, interactions between the local and systemic inflammatory response seem to play a role. However, the consequences of fracture fixation strategies in case of severe concomitant injuries on local inflammation and bone healing remain unknown. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Bastian OW, Koenderman L, Alblas J, Leenen LPH, Blokhuis TJ. Neutrophils contribute to fracture healing by synthesizing fibronectin+ extracellular matrix rapidly after injury. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:78-84. [PMID: 26854617 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of inflammatory cells in bone regeneration remains unclear. We hypothesize that leukocytes contribute to fracture healing by rapidly synthesizing an "emergency extracellular matrix (ECM)" before stromal cells infiltrate the fracture hematoma (FH) and synthesize the eventual collagenous bone tissue. 53 human FHs were isolated at different time points after injury, ranging from day 0 until day 23 after trauma and stained using (immuno)histochemistry. FHs isolated within 48 h after injury contained fibronectin(+) ECM, which increased over time. Neutrophils within the early FHs stained positive for cellular fibronectin and neutrophil derived particles were visible within the fibronectin(+) ECM. Stromal cells appeared at day 5 after injury or later and collagen type I birefringent fibrils could be identified during the second week after injury. Our study suggests that neutrophils contribute to bone regeneration by synthesizing an "emergency ECM" before stromal cells infiltrate the FH and synthesize the eventual bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan W Bastian
- Department of Traumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, HP G04. 228, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, HP G04. 228, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, HP G04. 228, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Luke P H Leenen
- Department of Traumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, HP G04. 228, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Taco J Blokhuis
- Department of Traumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, HP G04. 228, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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30
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Meesters DM, Neubert S, Wijnands KAP, Heyer FL, Zeiter S, Ito K, Brink PRG, Poeze M. Deficiency of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase results in diminished bone formation and delayed union and nonunion development. Bone 2016; 83:111-118. [PMID: 26555548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 5% and 10% of all fractures fail to heal adequately resulting in nonunion of the fracture fragments. This can significantly decrease a patient's quality of life and create associated psychosocial and socio-economic problems. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthases (NOS) have been found to be involved in fracture healing, but until now it is not known if disturbances in these mechanisms play a role in nonunion and delayed union development. In this study, we explored the role of endothelial and inducible NOS deficiency in a delayed union model in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 0.45mm femur osteotomy with periosteal cauterization followed by plate-screw osteosynthesis was performed in the left leg of 20-24week old wild type, Nos2(-/-) and Nos3(-/-) mice. Contralateral unfractured legs were used as a control. Callus volume was measured using micro-computed tomography (μCT) after 28 and 42days of fracture healing. Immuno histochemical myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining was performed on paraffin embedded sections to assess neutrophil influx in callus tissue and surrounding proximal and distal marrow cavities of the femur. After 7 and 28days of fracture healing, femurs were collected for amino acid and RNA analysis to study arginine-NO metabolism. RESULTS With μCT, delayed union was observed in wild type animals, whereas in both Nos2(-/-) and Nos3(-/-) mice nonunion development was evident. Both knock-out strains also showed a significantly increased influx of MPO when compared with wild type mice. Concentrations of amino acids and expression of enzymes related to the arginine-NO metabolism were aberrant in NOS deficient mice when compared to contralateral control femurs and wild type samples. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In the present study we show for the first time that the absence of nitric oxide synthases results in a disturbed arginine-NO metabolism and inadequate fracture healing with the transition of delayed union into a nonunion in mice after a femur osteotomy. Based on these data we suggest that the arginine-NO metabolism may play a role in the prevention of delayed unions and nonunions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Meesters
- Department of Surgery and Trauma surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - S Neubert
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - K A P Wijnands
- Department of Surgery and Trauma surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F L Heyer
- Department of Surgery and Trauma surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Zeiter
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - K Ito
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - P R G Brink
- Department of Surgery and Trauma surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Poeze
- Department of Surgery and Trauma surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Liu H, Hao W, Wang X, Su H. miR-23b targets Smad 3 and ameliorates the LPS-inhibited osteogenic differentiation in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:185-93. [PMID: 26961602 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, China
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32
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Sinder BP, Pettit AR, McCauley LK. Macrophages: Their Emerging Roles in Bone. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:2140-9. [PMID: 26531055 PMCID: PMC4876707 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are present in nearly all tissues and are critical for development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Resident tissue macrophages of bone, termed osteal macrophages, are recently classified myeloid cells that are distinct from osteoclasts. Osteal macrophages are located immediately adjacent to osteoblasts, regulate bone formation, and play diverse roles in skeletal homeostasis. Genetic or pharmacological modulation of macrophages in vivo results in significant bone phenotypes, and these phenotypes depend on which macrophage subsets are altered. Macrophages are also key mediators of osseous wound healing and fracture repair, with distinct roles at various stages of the repair process. A central function of macrophages is their phagocytic ability. Each day, billions of cells die in the body and efferocytosis (phagocytosis of apoptotic cells) is a critical process in both clearing dead cells and recruitment of replacement progenitor cells to maintain homeostasis. Recent data suggest a role for efferocytosis in bone biology and these new mechanisms are outlined. Finally, although macrophages have an established role in primary tumors, emerging evidence suggests that macrophages in bone support cancers which preferentially metastasize to the skeleton. Collectively, this developing area of osteoimmunology raises new questions and promises to provide novel insights into pathophysiologic conditions as well as therapeutic and regenerative approaches vital for skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Sinder
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute–The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
Fracture healing is a unique multifaceted process requiring the presence of cells, molecular mediators, and angiogenic factors. The state of inflammation dominates the initial phase, but the ideal magnitude and duration of the process for an optimal outcome remains obscure. Biological response modifiers, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations, have been used to reconstitute the desirable early inflammatory state, but the results obtained remain inconclusive. Ongoing research to characterize and quantify the inflammatory response after bone fracture is essential in order to better understand the molecular insights of this localized reaction and to expand our armamentarium in the management of patients with an impaired fracture healing response. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs frequently administered for analgesia after trauma procedures continue to be a cause of concern for a successful bone repair response.
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34
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Xu FF, Zhu H, Li XM, Yang F, Chen JD, Tang B, Sun HG, Chu YN, Zheng RX, Liu YL, Wang LS, Zhang Y. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and impairs bio-scaffold-mediated bone regeneration in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2768-82. [PMID: 24702024 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) loaded bio-scaffold transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for bone regeneration and repair. However, growing evidence shows that pro-inflammatory mediators from injured tissues suppress osteogenic differentiation and impair bone formation. To improve MSC-based bone regeneration, it is important to understand the mechanism of inflammation mediated osteogenic suppression. In the present study, we found that synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients and pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α, stimulated intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expression and impaired osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Interestingly, overexpression of ICAM-1 in MSCs using a genetic approach also inhibited osteogenesis. In contrast, ICAM-1 knockdown significantly reversed the osteogenic suppression. In addition, after transplanting a traceable MSC-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) construct in rat calvarial defects, we found that ICAM-1 suppressed MSC osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that ICAM-1 enhances MSC proliferation but causes stem cell marker loss. Furthermore, overexpression of ICAM-1 stably activated the MAPK and NF-κB pathways but suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway in MSCs. More importantly, specific inhibition of the ERK/MAPK and NF-κB pathways or activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway partially rescued osteogenic differentiation, while inhibition of the p38/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathway caused more serious osteogenic suppression. In summary, our findings reveal a novel function of ICAM-1 in osteogenesis and suggest a new molecular target to improve bone regeneration and repair in inflammatory microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Fen Xu
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Modulation of macrophage activity during fracture repair has differential effects in young adult and elderly mice. J Orthop Trauma 2014; 28 Suppl 1:S10-4. [PMID: 24378434 PMCID: PMC3965608 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced age is a factor associated with altered fracture healing. Delays in healing may increase the incidence of complications in the elderly, who are less able to tolerate long periods of immobilization and activity restrictions. This study sought to determine whether fracture repair could be enhanced in elderly animals by: (1) inhibiting macrophage activation, (2) blocking the M-CSF receptor c-fms, and (3) inhibiting monocyte trafficking using CC chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) knockout mice. METHODS Closed unstable tibial shaft fractures were produced in mice aged 4, 12, and 78 weeks. Mice were then fed a diet containing PLX3397 or a control diet from days 1-10 after injury. Fractures were similarly made in CCR2 mice aged 78 weeks. The fracture callus was collected during fracture healing and was assessed for its size and the presence of macrophages, both of which were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS PLX3397 treatment resulted in a decrease in the number of macrophages in the fracture callus at day 5. Calluses in juvenile mice trended toward being smaller compared with those in elderly mice (P = 0.08). There was also a trend toward larger callus size and increased bone formation in PLX3397-treated elderly animals when compared with those of the control animals (P = 0.12). Similar increases in bone formation (P = 0.013) and decreases in cartilage within the callus (P = 0.03) were seen at day 10 in CCR2 mice. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of macrophages in elderly mice may lead to an acceleration of fracture healing. Altering macrophage activation after fracture may represent a therapeutic strategy for preventing delayed healing and nonunion in the elderly.
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Constitutive activation of IKK2/NF-κB impairs osteogenesis and skeletal development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91421. [PMID: 24618907 PMCID: PMC3949987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic conditions impair bone homeostasis. The transcription factor NF-κB regulates bone homeostasis and is central to bone pathologies. Whereas contribution of NF-κB to heightened osteoclast activity is well-documented, the mechanisms underlying NF-κB impact on chondrocytes and osteoblasts are scarce. In this study, we examined the effect of constitutively active IKK2 (IKK2ca) on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. We show that retroviral IKK2ca but not GFP, IKK2WT, or the inactive IKK2 forms IKK2KM and IKK2SSAA, strongly suppressed osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, in vitro. In order to explore the effect of constitutive NF-κB activation on bone formation in vivo, we activated this pathway in a conditional fashion. Specifically, we crossed the R26StopIKK2ca mice with mice carrying the Col2-cre in order to express IKK2ca in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Both chondrocytes and osteoblasts derived from Col2Cre/IKK2ca expressed IKK2ca. Mice were born alive yet died shortly thereafter. Histologically, newborn Col2Cre+/RosaIKK2ca heterozygotes (Cre+IKK2ca_w/f (het)) and homozygotes (Cre+IKK2ca_f/f (KI)) showed smaller skeleton, deformed vertebrate and reduced or missing digit ossification. The width of neural arches, as well as ossification in vertebral bodies of Cre+IKK2ca_w/f and Cre+IKK2ca_f/f, was reduced or diminished. H&E staining of proximal tibia from new born pups revealed that Cre+IKK2ca_f/f displayed disorganized hypertrophic zones within the smaller epiphysis. Micro-CT analysis indicated that 4-wk old Cre+IKK2ca_w/f has abnormal trabecular bone in proximal tibia compared to WT littermates. Mechanistically, ex-vivo experiments showed that expression of differentiation markers in calvarial osteoblasts derived from newborn IKK2ca knock-in mice was diminished compared to WT-derived cells. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that the hypertrophic chondrocyte marker type-X collagen, the pre-hypertrophic chondrocyte markers Indian hedgehog and alkaline phosphatase, and the early markers Aggrecan and type-II collagen were reduced in Cre+IKK2ca_w/f and Cre+IKK2ca_f/f mice. Altogether, the in-vitro, in vivo and ex-vivo evidence suggest that IKK2ca perturbs osteoblast and chondrocyte maturation and impairs skeletal development.
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Unraveling macrophage contributions to bone repair. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:373. [PMID: 25035807 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have reemerged to prominence with widened understanding of their pleiotropic contributions to many biologies and pathologies. This includes clear advances in revealing their importance in wound healing. Here we have focused on the current state of knowledge with respect to bone repair, which has received relatively little scientific attention compared with its soft-tissue counterparts. Our detailed characterization of resident tissue macrophages residing in bone-lining tissues (osteomacs), including their pro-anabolic function, exposed a more prominent role for these cells in bone biology than previously anticipated. Recent studies have confirmed the importance of macrophages in early inflammatory processes that establish the healing cascade after bone fracture. Emerging data support that macrophage influence extends into both anabolic and catabolic phases of repair, suggesting that these cells have prolonged and diverse functions during fracture healing. More research is needed to clarify macrophage phase-specific contributions, temporospatial subpopulation variance and macrophage specific-molecular mediators. There is also clear motivation for determining whether macrophage alterations underlie compromised fracture healing. Overall, there is strong justification to pursue strategies targeting macrophages and/or their products for improving normal bone healing and overcoming failed repair.
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NF-κB inhibits osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by promoting β-catenin degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:9469-74. [PMID: 23690607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300532110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for bone regeneration and repair. In the realm of therapeutic bone regeneration, the defect or injured tissues are frequently inflamed with an abnormal expression of inflammatory mediators. Growing evidence suggests that proinflammatory cytokines inhibit osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. Thus, for successful MSC-mediated repair, it is important to overcome the inflammation-mediated inhibition of tissue regeneration. In this study, using genetic and chemical approaches, we found that proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-17 stimulated IκB kinase (IKK)-NF-κB and impaired osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In contrast, the inhibition of IKK-NF-κB significantly enhanced MSC-mediated bone formation. Mechanistically, we found that IKK-NF-κB activation promoted β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation through induction of Smurf1 and Smurf2. To translate our basic findings to potential clinic applications, we showed that the IKK small molecule inhibitor, IKKVI, enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. More importantly, the delivery of IKKVI promoted MSC-mediated craniofacial bone regeneration and repair in vivo. Considering the well established role of NF-κB in inflammation and infection, our results suggest that targeting IKK-NF-κB may have dual benefits in enhancing bone regeneration and repair and inhibiting inflammation, and this concept may also have applicability in many other tissue regeneration situations.
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Abstract
Bone healing after fracture occurs in a well-organized manner and involves a multitude of cell types, inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, and certain vitamins. Some of the means by which alterations in these essential components affect bone repair are understood, whereas others still need to be delineated. Based on clinical experience and basic science research, certain clinical conditions have become associated with delays in bone repair after fracture. These conditions include chronic inflammation, diabetes, hypovitaminosis, aging, and polytrauma. This brief report reviews some of the ways by which these conditions have been shown to negatively influence bone repair.
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Claes L, Recknagel S, Ignatius A. Fracture healing under healthy and inflammatory conditions. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8:133-43. [PMID: 22293759 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 760] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimal fracture treatment requires knowledge of the complex physiological process of bone healing. The course of bone healing is mainly influenced by fracture fixation stability (biomechanics) and the blood supply to the healing site (revascularization after trauma). The repair process proceeds via a characteristic sequence of events, described as the inflammatory, repair and remodeling phases. An inflammatory reaction involving immune cells and molecular factors is activated immediately in response to tissue damage and is thought to initiate the repair cascade. Immune cells also have a major role in the repair phase, exhibiting important crosstalk with bone cells. After bony bridging of the fragments, a slow remodeling process eventually leads to the reconstitution of the original bone structure. Systemic inflammation, as observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, multiple trauma or sepsis, can increase fracture healing time and the rate of complications, including non-unions. In addition, evidence suggests that insufficient biomechanical conditions within the fracture zone can influence early local inflammation and impair bone healing. In this Review, we discuss the main factors that influence fracture healing, with particular emphasis on the role of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Claes
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Recknagel S, Bindl R, Kurz J, Wehner T, Ehrnthaller C, Knöferl MW, Gebhard F, Huber-Lang M, Claes L, Ignatius A. Experimental blunt chest trauma impairs fracture healing in rats. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:734-9. [PMID: 21437953 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In poly-traumatic patients a blunt chest trauma is an important trigger of the posttraumatic systemic inflammatory response. There is clinical evidence that fracture healing is delayed in such patients, however, experimental data are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the influence of a thoracic trauma on fracture healing in a rat model. Male Wistar rats received either a blunt chest trauma combined with a femur osteotomy or an isolated osteotomy. A more rigid or a more flexible external fixator was used for fracture stabilization to analyze whether the thoracic trauma influences regular healing and mechanically induced delayed bone healing differently. The blunt chest trauma induced a significant increase of IL-6 serum levels after 6 and 24 h, suggesting the induction of a systemic inflammation, whereas the isolated fracture had no effect. Under a more rigid fixation the thoracic trauma considerably impaired fracture healing after 35 days, reflected by a significantly reduced flexural rigidity (three-point-bending test), as well as a significantly diminished callus volume, moment of inertia, and relative bone surface (µCT analysis). In confirming the clinical evidence, this study reports for the first time that a blunt chest trauma considerably impaired bone healing, possibly via the interaction of the induced systemic inflammation with local inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Recknagel
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Geuze RE, Kruyt MC, Verbout AJ, Alblas J, Dhert WJA. Comparing various off-the-shelf methods for bone tissue engineering in a large-animal ectopic implantation model: bone marrow, allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells, and platelet gel. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:1435-43. [PMID: 18601585 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Construction of bone grafts for regenerative medicine would highly benefit from off-the-shelf components, such as allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and blood-derived growth factors from platelet concentrate. Although allogeneic BMSCs are considered immunosuppressive, their use in transplantation studies is still cautioned. In this study, we used off-the-shelf goat allogeneic BMSCs, per-operatively aspirated bone marrow (BM) and platelet gel (PLG). Ten goats received six different hybrid constructs consisting of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds seeded with PLG or plasma that were mixed with BM, allogeneic BMSCs or left without cells. All constructs were implanted in the paraspinal muscles for 9 weeks. Fluorochromes were administered at 2, 3, and 5 weeks to assess onset of bone formation. Analysis revealed that the scaffolds without cells yielded small amounts of bone. Allogeneic BMSCs had a positive effect on the amount and early onset of bone formation. Fresh BM did not enhance ectopic bone formation. The PLG, which contained higher levels of transforming growth factor beta than plasma, did not result in more bone either. Fluorochrome incorporation results indicate that the presence of seeded cells in the constructs accelerates bone formation. This study shows a potential role of allogeneic BMSCs in bone tissue-engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Geuze
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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