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Szpilman D, Gaino Pinheiro A, Madormo S, Palacios-Aguilar J, Otero-Agra M, Blitvich J, Barcala-Furelos R. Análisis del riesgo de ahogamiento asociado al entorno acuático y competencia natatoria. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2022.88.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Un alto nivel de natación puede ser un factor protector ante el ahogamiento, sin embargo, esta relación todavía no ha sido empíricamente demostrada, en base al nivel de habilidad y entorno acuático. Este estudio diseñó una matriz de riesgo de ahogamiento en base al análisis probabilístico de un cuestionario respondido por 3.181 participantes. Se analizó la ocurrencia de Estrés/Distrés acuático (EDA) en base a 5 niveles de competencia y tres entornos acuáticos: a) Piscina sin olas ni corrientes, b) Lagos, embalses, ríos y playas sin olas ni corrientes, c) Ríos, playas o piscinas con olas y/o corrientes. Los resultados se expresaron en Odds Ratio (OR). El riesgo de EDA superó el OR de 25 en el entorno más peligroso y se incrementó para todos los escenarios conforme la competencia acuática era peor. Tres de cada cuatro nadadores han sufrido EDA y este evento pudo ser un incentivo para mejorar sus competencias acuáticas.
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Koon W, Schmidt A, Queiroga AC, Sempsrott J, Szpilman D, Webber J, Brander R. Need for consistent beach lifeguard data collection: results from an international survey. Inj Prev 2020; 27:308-315. [PMID: 32737057 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifeguards are integral to beach safety and collect data which is used for a variety of purposes, although guidelines and best practice have yet to be established. This study served to identify and characterise existing beach lifeguard service provider (BLSP) data collection procedures in order to identify the degree of uniformity and areas for improvement. METHODS The 'International Beach Lifeguard Data Collection and Reporting' online survey was distributed via the International Drowning Researchers' Alliance to BLSP supervisors and managers. The survey included questions on beach conditions and lifeguard activity data collection practices, and respondent's opinions on their own BLSP's methods. RESULTS Variability in data collection practices was evident in surveys obtained from 55 lifeguard leaders in 12 countries. Discrepancies exist in definitions for 'rescue' among BLSPs, a significant amount of information related to beach conditions are recorded and beach visitation is primarily obtained by visual estimate. Respondents expressed challenges with getting frontline staff to collect information in the field and ensuring reporting consistency between recorders. They identified rescue victim demographic factors as key data they would like to collect in the future. CONCLUSIONS Inconsistencies in lifeguard data collection present challenges to operations, safety education and prevention efforts, research and policy relying on these data. Variation in definitions, methods and collected variables generally restricts analysis to a single BLSP with limited generalisability to other beach settings. Some gaps in lifeguard data collection may soon be addressed by technology, but developing uniform, internationally acceptable standards and definitions should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Koon
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA
| | - Andrew Schmidt
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Lifeguards Without Borders, Kuna, Idaho, USA
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
| | - Justin Sempsrott
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Lifeguards Without Borders, Kuna, Idaho, USA
| | - David Szpilman
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Brazilian Lifesaving Society-SOBRASA, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonathon Webber
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Surf Lifesaving New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Robert Brander
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA
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Abstract
Drowning is a leading cause of death in children. Each year there are thousands of injuries in children, some fatal, associated with aquatic adventure sports. Personal water craft rapidly accelerate children to high velocities, as does being towed behind boats on skis or tubes, whereupon children have no control of their speed or direction. Canoeing and white-water kayaking particularly stress the upper limbs and shoulder dislocations are a primary concern. Surfing and kite-surfing generate more injuries to the head and face than other parts of the body and, in scuba diving, children most frequently injure their ears due to the acute pressure changes experienced. Aquatic injuries cost more in children than in adults and residual functional deficits may last a lifetime. There is a pressing need for research into the prevalence and incidence of aquatic injuries in children, so the effectiveness of preventive interventions can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Buzzacott
- a Injury Monitoring and Prevention , Divers Alert Network , Durham , NC , USA.,b School of Sports Science Exercise and Health , University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia
| | - Anna Mease
- a Injury Monitoring and Prevention , Divers Alert Network , Durham , NC , USA
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Abelairas-Gómez C, Gómez-González C, Barcala-Furelos R, Rodríguez-Núñez A. First aid protocols for lifeguards. What should equipment be there in a portable emergency bag? Am J Emerg Med 2017; 35:1774-1775. [PMID: 28526596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Candela Gómez-González
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pediatric Area, Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Division, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Morgan D, Ozanne-Smith J. Measurement of a drowning incidence rate combining direct observation of an exposed population with mortality statistics. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2014; 22:209-14. [PMID: 24758173 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2014.908226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Drowning risk factors may be identified by comparing drowning incidence rates for comparable at-risk populations but precise methods are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, an ecological study extrapolated crude time-duration exposure to water for a specified at-risk sample of surf bathers to estimate the bather population for all wave-dominated beaches in Victoria, Australia, over a four-year summer season period. An incidence rate was calculated using surf bather drowning deaths frequencies matched for time and location. For the sample, 47,341 hours of surf bathing were estimated from 177,528 bathing episodes. Generalising these results to Victoria, the crude drowning deaths incidence rate in the summer season was 0.41 per 1,000,000 person-hours of surf bathing (95% CI 0.37-0.45). Further application of the method, particularly in open water settings, may be used to identify candidate drowning risk factors to advance drowning prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Morgan
- a Faculty of Business and the Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention , Federation University , Victoria 3842 , Australia
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