1
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Gogoi C, Saikia UP, Borah P, Saikia T, Bora A, Rastogi GK, Pahari P. Synthesis of fluorinated spiro-1,3-oxazines and thiazines via Selectfluor-mediated intramolecular cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6485-6489. [PMID: 39046268 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A fluorination-induced intramolecular cyclization for the synthesis of fluoro-substituted spiro-1,3-oxazine and spiro-1,3-thiazine derivatives is described. N-(2-(Cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)ethyl)benzamide and benzothioamide are used as the substrates, and the cationic fluorinating agent Selectfluor works as the fluoride source. The reaction yields a single diastereomer. The scope of this regioselective fluorination reaction is established by preparing thirty different spirooxazine and spirothiazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinu Gogoi
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | | | - Priyam Borah
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
| | - Trishna Saikia
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Anamika Bora
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gaurav K Rastogi
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
| | - Pallab Pahari
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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2
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Gayen P, Ghorai P. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Construction of Spirooxazines via Chemoselective Cascade Addition of N-Substituted Hydroxylamine with Keto-bis-enone. Org Lett 2024; 26:6185-6190. [PMID: 39023290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Spirooxazines represent a privileged heterocyclic scaffold having pronounced biological importance. Herein, we introduce a chiral bifunctional squaramide catalyzed highly chemoselective cascade reaction involving aza-Michael/1,2-addition/oxa-Michael addition of N-substituted hydroxylamine with keto-bis-enones. This strategy enables the synthesis of highly enantioenriched oxa-spirooxazines with a broad substrate tolerance. Scalability and synthetic transformation have demonstrated the feasibility of the protocol. Furthermore, control experiments provided insights into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
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3
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López-Francés A, Serna-Burgos Z, Del Corte X, de Los Santos JM, de Cózar A, Vicario J. Exploring the Reactivity of Rigid 1-Azadienes Derived from Methylene γ-Lactams. Applications to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiro-γ-Lactams. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9502-9515. [PMID: 38901015 PMCID: PMC11232019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A study on the reactivity of rigid 1-azadienes derived from methylene γ-lactams is reported. Through the functionalization of 1-amino α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam derivatives, easily available from a multicomponent reaction of amines, aldehydes, and pyruvates, it is possible to in situ generate rigid 1-azadienes locked by a γ-lactam core. The 4π-electron system of those rigid 1-azadienes can behave as both diene and dienophile species through a spontaneous cyclodimerization reaction or exclusively as dienes or dienophiles if they are trapped with imines or cyclopentadiene, respectively. The use of chiral rigid 1-azadienes as dienophiles in the cycloaddition reaction with cyclopentadiene leads to the formation of spiro-γ-lactams bearing four stereogenic centers in a highly stereospecific manner, reporting the first example of the use of methylene-γ-lactams in the synthesis of spirocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián López-Francés
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Zuriñe Serna-Burgos
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Xabier Del Corte
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Jesús M de Los Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Abel de Cózar
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Javier Vicario
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU. Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
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4
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Kanikarapu S, Prasad R, Sethi M, Sahoo AK. Gold(I)-catalysed cyclisation of ( E)-ketene- N, O-acetals: a synthetic route toward spiro-oxazole-γ-lactones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4672-4679. [PMID: 38805239 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a cascade 5,5-cyclisation of internal ketene-N,O-acetals utilizing homogeneous Au(I) catalysis. This process involves an initial 5-exo-dig carbocyclisation, followed by a 5-exo-dig heterocyclisation that stereoselectively incorporates the O-atom of a water molecule into an N-tethered propargyl alkyne. This sequential reaction results in the formation of one C-C, two C-O, and two C-I bonds, ultimately leading to the synthesis of spiro-α-iodo-γ-lactone structures featuring oxazole rings in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kanikarapu
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Rangu Prasad
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Manoj Sethi
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Akhila K Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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5
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Arumugam N, Darshan V M D, Venketesh V, Pradhan SS, Garg A, Sivaramakrishnan V, Kanchi S, Mahalingam SM. Synthesis, computational docking and molecular dynamics studies of a new class of spiroquinoxalinopyrrolidine embedded chromanone hybrids as potent anti-cholinesterase agents. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18815-18831. [PMID: 38867740 PMCID: PMC11167517 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02432j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel structurally intriguing heterocycles embedded with spiropyrrolidine, quinoxaline and chromanone units were synthesized in good yields using a [Bmim]Br accelerated multicomponent reaction strategy. The key step of the reaction is 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition involving highly functionalized dipolarophile, viz. 3-benzylidenechroman-4-one, to afford spiroquinoxalinopyrrolidine embedded chromanone hybrid heterocycles. The formation of spiro products occurs via two C-C, two N-C and one C-N bonds possessing four adjoining stereogenic centers, two of which are spiro carbons. The newly synthesized spiro compounds showed potent acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Moreover, compounds with fluorine displayed the highest AChE (3.20 ± 0.16 μM) and BChE (18.14 ± 0.06 μM) inhibitory activities. Further, docking studies, followed by all-atom molecular dynamics, showed results that are consistent with in vitro experimental findings. Although docking scores for the synthesized derivatives were higher than those of the standard drug, MD MMPBSA results showed better binding of synthesized derivatives (-93.5 ± 11.9 kcal mol-1) compared to the standard drug galantamine (-66.2 ± 12.3 kcal mol-1) for AChE but exhibited similar values (-98.1 ± 11.2 and -97.9 ± 11.5 kcal mol-1) for BChE. These differences observed in drug binding with AChE/BChE are consistent with RMSD, RMSF, LIG plots, and FEL structural analysis. Taken together, these derivatives could be potential candidates as inhibitors of AChE and BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Datta Darshan V M
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Vishal Venketesh
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Anuj Garg
- Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Subbarao Kanchi
- Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
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6
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Hussein EM, Moussa Z, Al-Fahemi JH, Al-Rooqi MM, Obaid RJ, Malik MS, Abd-El-Aziz AS, Ahmed SA. Study on Regio- and Diastereoselectivity of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Azomethine Ylide with 2-(Benzo[ d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-(aryl)acrylonitrile: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Computational Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23802-23821. [PMID: 38854577 PMCID: PMC11154954 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented and efficient three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction using (E)-2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-(aryl)acrylonitriles 4a-g and an in situ generated azomethine ylide 3 from isatin and N-methylglycine is described. The reaction exhibits exclusive regioselectivity, resulting in the formation of 3'-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1'-methyl-2-oxo-4'-(aryl)spiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrolidine]-3'-carbonitriles regioisomers through exo/endo approaches. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction is highly dependent on the substitution pattern of the phenyl ring in dipolarophiles 4a-g, leading to the formation of exo-/endo-cycloadducts in varying ratios. To understand the stereoselectivity, the transition state structures were optimized using the TS guess geometry with the QST3-based method. The reaction mechanism and regioselectivity were elucidated by evaluating global and local electrophilicity and nucleophilicity descriptors at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level of theory, along with considerations based on the HSAB principle. The analysis of global electron density transfer (GEDT) showed that the reactions are polar and electron density fluxes from azomethine ylide 3 toward dipolarophile 4a-g. It was found from the molecular electrostatic potential map (MESP) that at the more favorable transition state, approach of reactants locates the oppositely charged regions over each other resulting in attractive forces between the two fragments. The computational results are consistent with the experimental observations, confirming that the reactions proceed through an asynchronous one-step mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Hussein
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura
University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi
Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jabir H. Al-Fahemi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura
University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Munirah M. Al-Rooqi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura
University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Rami J. Obaid
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura
University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi
Arabia
| | - M. Shaheer Malik
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura
University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz
- Qingdao
Innovation and Development Center, Harbin
Engineering University, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura
University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi
Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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7
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Elkanzi NAA, Hrichi H, Muqbil Alsirhani A, Bakr RB. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of 1,8-Naphthyridine Based Scaffolds: Design, Synthesis and in Silico Simulation Studies within Topoisomerase II. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301746. [PMID: 38459958 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
A series of spiro β-Lactams (4 a-c, 7 a-c) and thiazolidinones (5 a-c, 8 a-c) possessing 1,8-naphthyridine moiety were synthesized in this study. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds has been confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against various strains. The antimicrobial data showed that most of the compounds displayed good efficacy against both bacteria and fungi. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggested that the presence of electron-withdrawing chloro (3 b, 4 b, and 5 b) and nitro groups (7 b, 8 b) at the para position of the phenyl ring improved the antimicrobial activity of the compounds. The free radical scavenging assay showed that all the synthesized compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity on DPPH. Compounds 8 b (IC50=17.68±0.76 μg/mL) and 4 c (IC50=18.53±0.52 μg/mL) showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid (IC50=15.16±0.43 μg/mL). Molecular docking studies were also conducted to support the antimicrobial and SAR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A A Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, college of Science, Jouf University, 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajer Hrichi
- Chemistry Department, college of Science, Jouf University, 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Muqbil Alsirhani
- Chemistry Department, college of Science, Jouf University, 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania B Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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8
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Sarkar A, Mandal RD, Chakraborty N, Das AR. Cascade [4 + 1] Annulation through Activation of the C(sp 2)-H Bond Enabling Benzothiadiazinoisoindolcarboxylate, Benzothiadiazinoisoindole, and Benzothiadiazinoisoindolepyrrolidinedione as Hybrid Spiro-Heterocyclic Frameworks†. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38758359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Two structurally distinct and biologically privileged succinimide and isoindole heteroarenes bearing benzothiadiazinedioxide motif-centered hybrid conjugates are proficiently achieved through Rh(III)-catalyzed sequential C(sp2)-H bond activation, ortho-alkenylation and finally cascade intramolecular cyclization. The significant feature of this developed protocol is that the resulting diversely decorated heterocycles contain a quaternary carbon center and this has been coursed through atypical [4 + 1] annulation ignoring the prevalent [4 + 2]-cyclization pathway and interestingly the applied coupling partners (e.g., maleimide, maleate, and styrene) to materialize the protocol functioned only as C1 synthon. Furthermore, the selective reduction strategy enables to modify the hybrid conjugate of succinimide and benzothiazine dioxide to benzothiazine dioxide-based spirocyclic isoindolopyrrolidinedione skeleton following preferential reduction of one carbonyl group of imide functionality. Overall this methodology emerges to be easily handled, versatile, time-efficient, and manifests relatively unfamiliar spiro-cyclization and good functional group tolerance so easy to grab a library of the entirely new variant of decorated hybrid spiro-heterocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Rahul Dev Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | | | - Asish R Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
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9
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Bag D, Sawant SD. Diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized spiroindolines via intramolecular ipso-iodocyclization/nucleophile addition cascade reactions of indole-tethered ynones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3415-3419. [PMID: 38595312 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a highly diastereoselective approach for synthesizing polyfunctionalized spiroindolines from indolyl-ynones involving an ipso-iodocyclization/nucleophile addition cascade. The developed strategy allows the formation of a spirocyclic core and the installation of two functional groups in a single operation. Also this strategy is accompanied by the generation of two C-C and one C-I bonds and two contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
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10
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Wang X, Yang C, Yue D, Xu M, Duan S, Shen X. Iodine-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of 4-Hydroxycoumarins with Aurones: Access to Spirocyclic Benzofuran-Furocoumarins. Molecules 2024; 29:1701. [PMID: 38675521 PMCID: PMC11052457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An attractive approach for the preparation of spirocyclic benzofuran-furocoumarins has been developed through iodine-catalyzed cascade annulation of 4-hydroxycoumarins with aurones. The reaction involves Michael addition, iodination, and intramolecular nucleophilic substitution in a one-step process, and offers an efficient method for easy access to a series of valuable spirocyclic benzofuran-furocoumarins in good yields (up to 99%) with excellent stereoselectivity. Moreover, this unprecedented protocol provides several advantages, including readily available materials, an environmentally benign catalyst, a broad substrate scope, and a simple procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Honghe 661100, China
| | - Changhui Yang
- School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Honghe 661100, China
| | - Dan Yue
- School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Honghe 661100, China
| | - Mingde Xu
- School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Honghe 661100, China
| | - Suyue Duan
- School of Chemistry and Resources Engineering, Honghe University, Honghe 661100, China
| | - Xianfu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
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11
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Güleç Ö, Türkeş C, Arslan M, Demir Y, Dincer B, Ece A, İrfan Küfrevioğlu Ö, Beydemir Ş. Novel spiroindoline derivatives targeting aldose reductase against diabetic complications: Bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107221. [PMID: 38387398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant developments in therapeutic strategies, Diabetes Mellitus remains an increasing concern, leading to various complications, e.g., cataracts, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and several cardiovascular diseases. The polyol pathway, which involves Aldose reductase (AR) as a critical enzyme, has been focused on by many researchers as a target for intervention. On the other hand, spiroindoline-based compounds possess remarkable biological properties. This guided us to synthesize novel spiroindoline oxadiazolyl-based acetate derivatives and investigate their biological activities. The synthesized molecules' structures were confirmed herein, using IR, NMR (1H and 13C), and Mass spectroscopy. All compounds were potent inhibitors with KI constants spanning from 0.186 ± 0.020 μM to 0.662 ± 0.042 μM versus AR and appeared as better inhibitors than the clinically used drug, Epalrestat (EPR, KI: 0.841 ± 0.051 μM). Besides its remarkable inhibitory profile compared to EPR, compound 6k (KI: 0.186 ± 0.020 μM) was also determined to have an unusual pharmacokinetic profile. The results showed that 6k had less cytotoxic effect on normal mouse fibroblast (L929) cells (IC50 of 569.58 ± 0.80 μM) and reduced the viability of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells (IC50 of 110.87 ± 0.42 μM) more than the reference drug Doxorubicin (IC50s of 98.26 ± 0.45 μM and 158.49 ± 2.73 μM, respectively), thus exhibiting more potent anticancer activity. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulations for 200 ns were conducted to predict the docked complex's stability and reveal significant amino acid residues that 6k interacts with throughout the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Güleç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24002 Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700 Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Busra Dincer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55020 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdulilah Ece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, 34010 İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
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12
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Zhou Q, Li B, Zhang X, Fan X. C-H activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2324-2338. [PMID: 38391295 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Spirocyclic skeletons are prevalent in natural products, pharmaceuticals and organic functional materials. Meanwhile, transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation reactions have demonstrated unparalleled advantages such as high efficiency, excellent atom-economy, good chemoselectivity and regioselectivity for the formation of target organic molecules. In recent years, C-H activation reactions have been creatively utilized in the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. This review summarizes the most recent progress made in C-H activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the construction of structurally diverse and biologically valuable spirocyclic scaffolds by using alkynes, diazo compounds, maleimides, alkenes, quinones and cyclopropenones as the coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xuesen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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13
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Yanovich A, Vepreva A, Malkova K, Kantin G, Dar’in D. Entry to new spiroheterocycles via tandem Rh(II)-catalyzed O-H insertion/base-promoted cyclization involving diazoarylidene succinimides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:561-569. [PMID: 38505240 PMCID: PMC10949003 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A facile approach to novel medicinally relevant spiro heterocyclic scaffolds (namely furan-2(5H)-ones, tetrahydrofurans and pyrans spiro-conjugated with the succinimide ring) has been developed. The protocol consists of Rh(II)-catalyzed insertion of heterocyclic carbenes derived from diazoarylidene succinimides (DAS) into the O-H bond of propiolic/allenic acids or brominated alcohols, followed by base-promoted cyclization to afford the target spirocyclic compounds in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yanovich
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskiy pr., Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Vepreva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskiy pr., Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia Malkova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskiy pr., Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskiy pr., Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar’in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskiy pr., Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 2-4 Ligovsky pr., Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskiy pr., Peterhof 198504, Russian Federation
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14
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Zhou C, Liang Y, Li Y, Huang M, Luo Z, Yang KF, Li Z, Lai GQ, Zhang P. Rapid Access to Chiral Spiro[2.3] Lactams: Stereoselective Hydroborylation and Hydrosilylation and Remote Control of Axial Chirality by Copper-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Spirocyclopropenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1941-1946. [PMID: 38415590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chiral spirocyclopropyl β-lactams are common motifs in bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals. Here we disclose a diastereoselective and enantioselective hydroborylation and hydrosilylation of spirocyclopropenes, via a Cu-catalyzed desymmetrization strategy, for the rapid preparation of enantio-enriched spirocyclopropyl β-lactams. The efficient desymmetrization strategy allows the remote control of axial chirality, offering the borylated and silylated products bearing central, spiro, and axial chirality. The combination of multichiral elements would provide a novel motif for biological evaluation in potential drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Zhou
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yixin Liang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ying Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ziwei Luo
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ke-Fang Yang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ze Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guo-Qiao Lai
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Pinglu Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 311121, China
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15
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Benedetti E, Micouin L. Have spirocyclic scaffolds been properly utilized in recent drug discovery efforts? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:263-266. [PMID: 38225892 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2305735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Micouin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
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16
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Krivovicheva V, Lyutin I, Kantin G, Dar'in D. Access to Spiro Bis-β-lactams via a Metal-Free Microwave-Assisted Wolff Rearrangement/Staudinger [2+2] Cycloaddition Cascade Involving 3-Diazotetramic Acids and Imines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3585-3589. [PMID: 38363730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the study of the thermally promoted reaction of 3-diazotetramic acids with imines as a rapid route to a novel spiro heterocyclic scaffold, spiro bis-β-lactams (2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptane-1,5-diones). The transformation proceeds via metal-free microwave-assisted Wolff rearrangement of the diazo reagent followed by Staudinger [2+2] cycloaddition of the heterocyclic ketenes with Shiff bases. This methodology enables the preparation of diastereomerically pure spiro bis-β-lactams in high yields and provides an avenue for exploring new versions of the privileged β-lactam core for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Lyutin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
- Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation
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17
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Das K, Pedada A, Singha T, Hari DP. Strain-enabled radical spirocyclization cascades: rapid access to spirocyclobutyl lactones and - lactams. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3182-3191. [PMID: 38425517 PMCID: PMC10901517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclobutane derivatives have gained significant attention in drug discovery programs due to their broad spectrum of biological activities and clinical applications. Ring-strain in organic molecules is a powerful tool to promote reactivity by releasing strain energy, allowing the construction of complex molecules selectively and efficiently. Herein, we report the first strain-enabled radical spirocyclization cascades for the synthesis of functionalized spirocyclobutyl lactones and - lactams, which are finding increasing applications in medicinal chemistry. The reaction of interelement compounds with bicyclobutane (BCB) allyl esters and - amides proceeds with high chemoselectivity under simple, catalyst-free conditions using blue light irradiation. The reaction has been successfully extended to synthesize bis-spirocycles. To introduce a more diverse set of functional groups, we have developed a dual photoredox/nickel catalytic system capable of mediating the carbosulfonylation of BCB allyl amides. The reaction shows broad applicability across various (hetero)aryl halides, aryl sulfinates, and BCB allyl amides, operates under mild conditions and demonstrates excellent functional group compatibility. The functional groups introduced during the cascade reactions served as versatile handles for further synthetic elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Abhilash Pedada
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Tushar Singha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
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18
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Alshammari MB, Aly AA, Ahmad A, Brown AB, Mohamed AH. Recent synthetic strategies of spiro-azetidin-2-one, -pyrrolidine, -indol(one) and -pyran derivatives-a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32786-32823. [PMID: 37942448 PMCID: PMC10628897 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiro-heterocycles have received special attention in medicinal chemistry because of their promising biological activity. Over the years, many synthetic methodologies have been established for the construction of spirocyclic compounds. Spiro heterocycles such as spiro-azetidin-2-one, -pyrrolidine, -indol(one) and -pyran derivatives have been found to exhibit diversified biological and pharmacological activity in addition to their therapeutic properties. In view of these facts, we decided in this review to present representative synthetic approaches of the aforementioned spiro heterocycles, especially in the past 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed B Alshammari
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharij Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519 El-Minia Egypt
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharij Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan B Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne FL 32901 USA
| | - Asmaa H Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519 El-Minia Egypt
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19
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Hayrapetyan D, Yussupova L, Kaipov A, Galyamova A. Electrochemical synthesis of spirocyclic morpholines and tetrahydrofurans via an oxidative dearomatisation strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7090-7094. [PMID: 37605629 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01176c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple and scalable electrochemical oxidation of the electron-rich benzene ring followed by intramolecular capture of reactive cation-radical intermediates opens access to spirocyclic morpholines and tetrahydrofurans. The obtained molecules can be readily modified to value-added building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Hayrapetyan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Lyailya Yussupova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Almaz Kaipov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Aigerim Galyamova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
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20
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Nishiura Y, Gonzalez KJ, Cusumano AQ, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of α-Methylene Lactams to Construct Spirocycles. Org Lett 2023; 25:6469-6473. [PMID: 37643480 PMCID: PMC10496134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Spirocyclic scaffolds are important motifs due to their potential to bestow favorable effects on pharmaceutical compounds. However, there is a need for efficient methods for their enantioselective construction. We report a method for the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diazoacetates or nitrile oxides with α-methylene lactams to prepare chiral spirocyclic heterocycles. The methodology is high yielding (up to 91% yield) and enantioselective (up to 89% ee) for a wide range of N-substituents and 6- and 7-membered ring lactam substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Q. Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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21
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Barker G, Rapposelli S. New Synthetic Methodology for Drug-like Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:5632. [PMID: 37570616 PMCID: PMC10419429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of synthetic methodology plays a pivotal role in the quest for safe and effective drugs [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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22
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Pecio Ł, Pecio S, Mroczek T, Oleszek W. Spiro-Flavonoids in Nature: A Critical Review of Structural Diversity and Bioactivity. Molecules 2023; 28:5420. [PMID: 37513292 PMCID: PMC10385819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the literature data from 1973 to 2022, this work summarizes reports on spiro-flavonoids with a spiro-carbon at the center of their structure and how this affects their isolation methods, stereochemistry, and biological activity. The review collects 65 unique structures, including spiro-biflavonoids, spiro-triflavonoids, spiro-tetraflavonoids, spiro-flavostilbenoids, and scillascillin-type homoisoflavonoids. Scillascillin-type homoisoflavonoids comprise spiro[bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-7,3'-chromane]-1(6),2,4-trien-4'-one, while the other spiro-flavonoids contain either 2H,2'H-3,3'-spirobi[benzofuran]-2-one or 2'H,3H-2,3'-spirobi[benzofuran]-3-one in the core of their structures. Spiro-flavonoids have been described in more than 40 species of eight families, including Asparagaceae, Cistaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Pinaceae, Thymelaeaceae, and Vitaceae. The possible biosynthetic pathways for each group of spiro-flavonoids are summarized in detail. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities are the most important biological activities of spiro-flavonoids, both in vitro and in vivo. Our work identifies the most promising natural sources, the existing challenges in assigning the stereochemistry of these compounds, and future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Solomiia Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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23
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Chang X, Liu XT, Li F, Yang Y, Chung LW, Wang CJ. Electron-rich benzofulvenes as effective dipolarophiles in copper(i)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5460-5469. [PMID: 37234882 PMCID: PMC10207880 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00435j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of benzofulvenes without any electron-withdrawing substituents were employed as 2π-type dipolarophiles for the first time to participate in Cu(i)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) reactions of azomethine ylides. An intrinsic non-benzenoid aromatic characteristic from benzofulvenes serves as a key driving force for activation of the electron-rich benzofulvenes. Utilizing the current methodology, a wide range of multi-substituted chiral spiro-pyrrolidine derivatives containing two contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers were formed in good yield with exclusive chemo-/regioselectivity and high to excellent stereoselectivity. Computational mechanistic studies elucidate the origin of the stereochemical outcome and the chemoselectivity, in which the thermostability of these cycloaddition products is the major factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
| | - Xue-Tao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
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24
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Hao Y, Wang J, Ma J, Yu X, Li Z, Wu S, Tian S, Ma H, He S, Zhang X. Design, synthesis, evaluation and optimization of potent IRAK4 inhibitors alleviating production of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced SIRS model. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106584. [PMID: 37163814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) has emerged as a therapeutic target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Through reversing the amide of CA-4948 and computer aided structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, a series of IRAK4 inhibitors with oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold were identified. Compound 32 showed improved potency (IC50 = 43 nM) compared to CA-4948 (IC50 = 115 nM), but suffered from hERG inhibition (IC50 = 5.7 μM). Further optimization led to compound 42 with reduced inhibition of hERG (IC50 > 30 μM) and 13-fold higher activity (IC50 = 8.9 nM) than CA-4948. Importantly, compound 42 had favorable in vitro ADME and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, compound 42 significantly reduced LPS-induced production of serum TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines in the mouse model. The overall profiles of compound 42 support it as a lead for the development of IRAK4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiawan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sudan He
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
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25
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Pan F, Li H, Wang X, Luo L, Lin Y, Yu Q, Xie W, Zhang L. Synthesis of sulfur-containing benzo[ b]pyrrolo[2,1- c][1,4]oxazine-3,9-diones: blue light promoted radical cyclization process. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13911-13918. [PMID: 37197573 PMCID: PMC10184271 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective and controllable construction of spio-tricyclic skeletons through visible light promoted radical cyclization still remains challenging. Herein, a general and convenient protocol for the blue light-promoted radical-mediated cascade spiro-cyclization/Michael addition of N-arylpropiolamides with thiophenols under metal-free conditions was developed. In this protocol, commercially available hydrochloric acid was employed as the cheap promoter and air as the sustainable oxidant. In addition, many functional groups tolerate the reaction conditions and produce a series of sulfur-containing benzo[b]pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-3,9-diones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 Hunan China
| | - Haohu Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | | | - Liwen Luo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Yanfei Lin
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China
| | - Qingkai Yu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Wenlin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 Hunan China
| | - Lianpeng Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
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26
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Anwar K, Troyano FJA, Abazid AH, El Yarroudi O, Funes-Ardoiz I, Gómez-Suárez A. Modular Synthesis of Polar Spirocyclic Scaffolds Enabled by Radical Chemistry. Org Lett 2023; 25:3216-3221. [PMID: 37130365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a highly modular strategy to access spirocyclic scaffolds from abundant starting materials, i.e., cyclic ketones and α-amino or oxamic acids. The sequence proceeds through a straightforward Knoevenagel condensation, followed by a domino Giese-type reaction/base-mediated cyclization process, to deliver a broad scope of polar spirocyclic scaffolds in good to excellent yields. The products can be readily diversified, thus increasing the versatility of our method to gain rapid access to libraries of potential druglike molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Anwar
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Ayham H Abazid
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Oumayma El Yarroudi
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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27
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De S, Chowdhury C. Substrate-Controlled Product Divergence in Iron(III)-Catalyzed Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols: Easy Access to Spiro-indenyl 1,4-Benzoxazines and 2-(2,2-Diarylvinyl)quinoxalines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203993. [PMID: 36651187 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report herein unprecedented cascade reactions of O-propargyl-N-tosyl-amino phenols with 10 mol% FeCl3 in DCE at room temperature for 0.67-3 h to form spiro-indenyl 1,4-benzoxazines with 38-89 % yield. Replacing the substrates' oxygen atom by a N-tosylimine group followed by treatment with the same catalyst and solvent at 80 °C produced 2-(2,2-diarylvinyl)quinoxalines in 12-20 h with up to 62 % yield. Mechanistic understanding provided an insight into the transformations. The use of simple substrates and an environmentally benign low-cost catalyst, broad substrate scope and tolerance of diverse functional groups makes the methodology inherently attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya De
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Chinmay Chowdhury
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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28
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Krivovicheva V, Kantin G, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. Rh(II)-catalyzed condensation of 3-diazotetramic acids with nitriles delivers novel druglike 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]oxazol-4-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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29
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Yokoe H, Kiriyama A, Shimoda M, Nakajima S, Hashizume Y, Endo Y, Iwamoto R, Tsubuki M, Kanoh N. Cis-Selective Double Spirocyclization via Dearomatization and Isomerization under Thermodynamic Control. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1803-1814. [PMID: 36632764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Spiro compounds have been considered key scaffolds for pharmaceutical applications. Although many synthetic methods exist for monospirocycles, fewer approaches are known for dispirocycles. Here, we report a highly cis-selective method for constructing a 5/6/5-dispirocyclic structure containing pyrrolidine and γ-lactam rings with various substituents from a series of N-arylpropiolamides. The high cis-selectivity would result from isomerization under thermodynamic control. Cis- and trans-diastereomers can be in equilibrium, favoring cis-adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yokoe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Kiriyama
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Shimoda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakajima
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuna Hashizume
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Endo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoko Iwamoto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanoh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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30
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Orłowska K, Santiago JV, Krajewski P, Kisiel K, Deperasińska I, Zawada K, Chaładaj W, Gryko D. UV Light Is No Longer Required for the Photoactivation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazolines. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Orłowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - João V. Santiago
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Krajewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Kisiel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawada
- Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Dar'in D, Kantin G, Glushakova D, Sharoyko V, Krasavin M. Diazo Tetramic Acids Provide Access to Natural-Like Spirocyclic Δ α,β-Butenolides through Rh(II)-Catalyzed O-H Insertion/Base-Promoted Cyclization. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36603207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
3-Diazotetramic acids were found to be valid substrates for the recently discovered approach toward natural-like Δα,β-spirobutenolides via Rh(II)-catalyzed O-H insertion into propiolic acids followed by base-promoted intramolecular Michael addition. The target Δα,β-spirobutenolides were obtained in generally high yields and, in the case of chiral 5-monosubstituted 3-diazotetramic acids, high diastereoselectivity. The synthesis of Δα,β-spirobutenolides that we report here was virtually insensitive to the structure of the propiolic acids though it was somewhat sensitive to the structure of the 3-diazotetramic acids, thereby demonstrating quite a large scope. Thus, a new class of α-diazocarbonyl compounds suitable for the realization of the approach outlined above was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504 Russia
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504 Russia
| | - Daria Glushakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504 Russia
| | - Vladimir Sharoyko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504 Russia
- The Pavlov First Medical University, 6-8 Lva Tolstogo ulitsa, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetsky prospekt, Peterhof 198504 Russia
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 Aleksandra Nevskogo ulitsa, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
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32
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Yu C, Xu Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Selective Synthesis of Pyrazolonyl Spirodihydroquinolines or Pyrazolonyl Spiroindolines under Aerobic or Anaerobic Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:9473-9478. [PMID: 36524816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a condition-controlled selective synthesis of pyrazolonyl spirodihydroquinolines or pyrazolonyl spiroindolines through formal [5 + 1] or [4 + 1] spiroannulation of 2-alkenylanilines with diazopyrazolones. Mechanistically, the formation of the title products involves initial generation of a pyrazolonyl spiro-fused seven-membered ruthenacycle species serving as a key intermediate through Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H/N-H bonds metalation, carbene formation, and its migratory insertion. When the reaction is carried out under air, the key intermediate undergoes reductive elimination to afford spirodihydroquinoline. When the reaction is run under argon, the key intermediate undergoes protonation and intramolecular nucleophilic addition to furnish spiroindoline. This work provides an atom-economical protocol for the effective functionalization of alkenyl C(sp2)-H bond, allowing rapid and selective assembly of valuable spiroscaffolds with a broad range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanshuang Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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33
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Bhuin S, Sharma P, Chakraborty P, Kulkarni OP, Chakravarty M. Solid-state emitting twisted π-conjugate as AIE-active DSE-gen: in vitro anticancer properties against FaDu and 4T1 with biocompatibility and bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 2022; 11:188-203. [PMID: 36477106 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dual-state emissive fluorogens (DSE-gens) are currently defining their importance as a transpiring tool in biological and biomedical applications. This work focuses on designing and synthesizing indole-anthracene-based solid-state emitting twisted π-conjugates using a metal-free protocol to achieve AIE-active DSE-gens, expanding their scope in biological applications. Special effort has been made to introduce proficient and photo/thermostable DSE-gens that inhibit cancer but not normal cells. Here, the lead DSE-gen initially detects cancer and normal cells by bioimaging; however, it could also confirm and distinguish cancer cells from normal cells by its abated fluorescence signal after killing cancer cells. In contrast, the fluorescence signals for a normal cell remain unscathed. Surprisingly, these molecules displayed decent anticancer properties against FaDu and 4T1 but not MCF-7 cell lines. From a series of newly designed indole-based molecules, we report one single 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzene-linked DSE-gen (the lead), exhibiting high ROS generation, less haemolysis, and less cytotoxicity than doxorubicin (DOX) for normal cells, crucial parameters for a biocompatible in vitro anticancer probe. Thus, we present a potentially applicable anticancer drug, offering a bioactive material with bioimaging efficacy and a way to detect dead cancer cells selectively. The primary mechanism behind the identified outcomes is deciphered with the support of experimental (steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, biological assays, cellular uptake) and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouvik Bhuin
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Purbali Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Onkar Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Manab Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
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34
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Vepreva A, Yanovich A, Dar’in D, Kantin G, Bunev A, Krasavin M. A novel spirocyclic scaffold accessed via tandem Claisen rearrangement/intramolecular oxa-Michael addition. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1649-1655. [PMID: 36570564 PMCID: PMC9749547 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward access to novel spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]-2',5'-diones based on the Rh2(esp)2-catalyzed insertion of carbenes derived from diazo arylidene succinimides (DAS) into the O-H bond of phenols is described. The initial adducts underwent a thermally promoted Claisen rearrangement followed by DABCO-catalyzed intramolecular 5-exo-trig oxa-Michael addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Vepreva
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Yanovich
- Academic Gymnasium of Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg 199155, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar’in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Bunev
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, Togliatti 445020, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236016, Russian Federation
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35
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Mo K, Zhou X, Wu J, Zhao Y. Manganese-Mediated Electrochemical Dearomatization of Indoles To Access 2-Azido Spirocyclic Indolines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16106-16110. [PMID: 36382858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally friendly electrochemical protocol for dearomatization of indoles was developed, delivering a series of azido-containing spirocyclic indolines with good functional group tolerance. This dearomatization process is proposed to result from the oxidation of MnII-N3 species, supported by cyclic voltammetry experiments. Moreover, synthetic transformations can provide an alternative approach to a range of functionalized indolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangdong Mo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaocong Zhou
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Ju Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Zhejiang, China
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36
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(1RS,2RS,6RS)-2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-8-azaspiro[5.6]dodec-10-en-1-ol Dihydrochloride. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound (1RS,2RS,6RS)-2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-8-azaspiro[5.6]dodec-10-en-1-ol dihydrochloride was synthesized for the first time in two steps, the first of which was a regioselectivity of epoxide ring-opening reaction under the action of adenine, yielding N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-((1RS,2RS,6RS)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-8-azaspiro[5.6]dodec-10-en-1-ol. By treating the latter with a saturated methanolic solution of hydrogen chloride, it was possible to obtain ((1RS,2RS,6RS)-2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-8-azaspiro[5.6]dodec-10-en-1-ol dihydrochloride. The features of the molecular and crystal structure of ((1RS,2RS,6RS)-2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-8-azaspiro[5.6]dodec-10-en-1-ol dihydrochloride are discussed based on X-ray diffraction studies. The product overall yield was 40% out of two steps and after purification by column chromatography and recrystallization. The product was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR spectroscopy, HRMS and X-ray.
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37
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Recent update on the role of N-methyl glycine as a building block for the construction of N-heterocyclic frameworks. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Ravi Kumar G, Rajashekhar Reddy M, Yogananda Chary D, Banik S, Sridhar B, Subba Reddy B. Cooperative catalytic Prins cyclization for the construction of azaspiro[5.5]undec-2-ene frameworks. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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[2]-Ladderanes as isosteres for meta-substituted aromatic rings and rigidified cyclohexanes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6056. [PMID: 36229621 PMCID: PMC9561113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic ring isosteres and rigidified saturated hydrocarbons are important motifs to enable drug discovery. Herein we disclose [2]-ladderanes as a class of meta-substituted aromatic ring isosteres and rigidified cyclohexanes. A straightforward synthesis of the building blocks is presented along with representative derivatization. Preliminary studies reveal that the [2]-ladderanes offer similar metabolic and physicochemical properties thus establishing this class of molecules as interesting motifs.
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40
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Griffiths O, Ley SV. Multicomponent Direct Assembly of N-Heterospirocycles Facilitated by Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13204-13223. [PMID: 36103403 PMCID: PMC9552240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-heterospirocycles are interesting structural units found in both natural products and medicinal compounds but have relatively few reliable methods for their synthesis. Here, we enlist the photocatalytic generation of N-centered radicals to construct β-spirocyclic pyrrolidines from N-allylsulfonamides and alkenes. A variety of β-spirocyclic pyrrolidines have been constructed, including drug derivatives, in moderate to very good yields. Further derivatization of the products has also been demonstrated as has a viable scale-up procedure, making use of flow chemistry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver
M. Griffiths
- Yusuf Hamied Department
of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Yusuf Hamied Department
of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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41
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Exploration of Spirocyclic Derivatives of Ciprofloxacin as Antibacterial Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154864. [PMID: 35956812 PMCID: PMC9370040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The previously reported as well as newly synthesized derivatives of the 1-oxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecane were employed in the synthesis of thirty-six derivatives of ciprofloxacin using commercially available 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and the literature protocol involving the preparation of boron chelate complex to facilitate nucleophilic aromatic substitution. All new fluoroquinolone derivatives were tested against two gram-positive as well as three gram-negative strains of bacteria. With the activity spectrum of the new derivatives being substantially narrower than that of ciprofloxacin, compounds were distinctly active against two of the five strains: gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii 987® and gram-positive Bacillus cereus 138®. Towards these two strains, a large group of compounds displayed equal or higher potency than ciprofloxacin.
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42
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Ganesh M, Suraj S. Expeditious entry into carbocyclic and heterocyclic spirooxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5651-5693. [PMID: 35792116 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00767c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spirocyclic frameworks have attracted synthetic practitioners due to their unique three-dimensional assembly, improved metabolic stability, solubility, and increased molecular complexity with regard to planar architectures. A recent surge in the number of spirocyclic oxindoles inhibiting enzymes, moderating unique protein-protein interactions, modulating receptors and transporters is testament to their prevalence. Against this background, the construction of spirocyclic frameworks containing an oxindole moiety as a torsional switch via stereoselective methods is in great demand. Herein we present a summary of the past three years in the progress of metal, organic molecule, nanostructured particle mediated, and even uncatalyzed versions of the highly diastereo- and enantioselective pathways leading to oxindole spirocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Ganesh
- Sudhanva Technologies Private Limited, No. 7, Weavers Colony, Basavanapura, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560083, India.
| | - Shammy Suraj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
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43
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Multicomponent Electrocatalytic Selective Approach to Unsymmetrical Spiro[furo[3,2-c]pyran-2,5′-pyrimidine] Scaffold under a Column Chromatography-Free Protocol at Room Temperature. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis suggested a mild, green and atom-efficient route to interesting and useful molecules, thus avoiding harsh chemical oxidizing and reducing agents used in traditional synthetic methods. Organic electrochemistry offers an excellent alternative to conventional methods of organic synthesis and creates a modern tool for carrying out organic synthesis, including cascade and multicomponent ones. In this research, a novel electrocatalytic multicomponent transformation was found: the electrochemical multicomponent assembly of arylaldehydes, N,N′-dimethylbarbituric acid and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one in one pot reaction was carried out in alcohols in an undivided cell in the presence of alkali metal halides with the selective formation of substituted unsymmetrical 1′,3′,6-trimethyl-3-aryl-2′H,3H,4H-spiro[furo[3,2-c]pyran-2,5′-pyrimidine]-2′,4,4′,6′(1′H,3′H)-tetraones in 73–82% yields. This new electrocatalytic process is a selective, facile and efficient way to obtain spiro[furo[3,2-c]pyran-2,5′-pyrimidines]. According to screening molecular docking data using a self-made Python script in Flare, all synthesized compounds may be prominent for different medical applications, such as breast cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and treatments connected with urinary tract, bones and the cardiovascular system.
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44
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Mishra DR, Panda BS, Nayak S, Panda J, Mohapatra S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5‐Membered
N
‐Heterocycles via Rhodium Catalysed Cascade Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Bhabani S. Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Jasmine Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
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45
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Hu Y, Zhang S, Yu X, Feng X, Yamaguchi M, Bao M. Spirocarbocycle Synthesis from Chloromethylarenes via Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Allylative Dearomatization and Ring Closure Metathesis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8229-8236. [PMID: 35658456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the synthesis of spirocarbocycles by using chloromethyl arenes as starting materials is described in this paper. The palladium-catalyzed allylative dearomatization and the subsequent ruthenium-catalyzed ring closure metathesis proceeded smoothly under mild conditions to produce the corresponding spirocarbocycle products with moderate to high yields. Benzene-ring-, naphthalene-ring-, and anthracene-ring-containing substrates can be easily transformed into spirocarbocycles by using the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Chernykh AV, Chernykh AV, Radchenko DS, Chheda PR, Rusanov EB, Grygorenko OO, Spies MA, Volochnyuk DM, Komarov IV. A stereochemical journey around spirocyclic glutamic acid analogs. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3183-3200. [PMID: 35348173 PMCID: PMC10170626 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical divergent synthetic approach is reported for the library of regio- and stereoisomers of glutamic acid analogs built on the spiro[3.3]heptane scaffold. Formation of the spirocyclic scaffold was achieved starting from a common precursor - an O-silylated 2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutanone derivative. Its olefination required using the titanium-based Tebbe protocol since the standard Wittig reaction did not work with this particular substrate. The construction of the second cyclobutane ring of the spirocyclic system was achieved through either subsequent dichloroketene addition or Meinwald oxirane rearrangement as the key synthetic steps, depending on the substitution patterns in the target compounds (1,6- or 1,5-, respectively). Further modified Strecker reaction of the resulting racemic spirocyclic ketones with the Ellman's sulfinamide as a chiral auxiliary had low to moderate diastereoselectivity; nevertheless, all stereoisomers were isolated in pure form via chromatographic separation, and their absolute configuration was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Members of the library were tested for the inhibitory activity against H. pylori glutamate racemase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Chernykh
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | | | - Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Pratik Rajesh Chheda
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, Iowa, USA
| | - Eduard B Rusanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - M Ashley Spies
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, Iowa, USA
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine. .,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
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Mo K, Zhou X, Wu J, Zhao Y. Electrochemical Dearomatization of Indoles: Access to Diversified Fluorine-Containing Spirocyclic Indolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:2788-2792. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangdong Mo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaocong Zhou
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ju Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Batista VF, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Recent in vivo advances of spirocyclic scaffolds for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:603-618. [PMID: 35333138 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2055544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spirocyclic scaffolds are an exceptional tool in drug design, allowing fine-tuning of a molecule's conformational and physicochemical properties. As it expands and diversifies, so does the number of therapeutics that contain this core. Several spirocyclic drugs are already marketed, and considerably more have shown promising results. AREAS COVERED This review addresses recent in vivo studies (2017-2021) on applying spirocyclic compounds to treat various diseases, mainly grouped within neurological, infectious, and metabolic diseases and cancer. An emphasis is given on the influence of the spiro-structure on activity and consequent structure-activity study. In vivo results and their significance in the future progression towards clinical trials are also presented. EXPERT OPINION Spirocyclic compounds present an exciting opportunity as an unexplored chemical space in medicinal chemistry. However, their development is hindered by their complexity and synthesis challenges. Furthermore, a clear preference is still seen for readily available spirocyclic compounds involving amine or amide bonds. Nevertheless, these are temporary as high-throughput synthesis, and computational techniques allow fast optimization studies. In our opinion, the field of spirocyclic chemistry will continue to thrive and contribute to drug development, improving activity and selectivity on emergent ailments, such as cancer, metabolic, infectious, and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco F Batista
- Laqv-requimte & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- Laqv-requimte & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Laqv-requimte & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Wootton TL, Allwood DM. Synthesis of spirocyclic dihydropyrazoles from tosylhydrazones and electron-deficient alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2255-2260. [PMID: 35244133 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00093h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spirocycles represent a diverse class of molecules which have received significant attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to their broad biological activities and inherent molecular three-dimensionality. Herein, we demonstrate a procedurally simple method for the preparation of a range of spirocyclic dihydropyrazoles. The protocol utilises bench stable cyclic tosylhydrazones, which are trivial to prepare from the parent cyclic ketone without need for purification, and commercially available electron deficient alkenes. The synthetic utility of the core scaffold is also demonstrated to highlight potential for applications in medicinal chemistry and drug development programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Wootton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
| | - Daniel M Allwood
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
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Wei W, Scheremetjew A, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative palladium- and enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed [3 + 2] spiroannulations. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2783-2788. [PMID: 35340855 PMCID: PMC8890123 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite indisputable progress in the development of electrochemical transformations, electrocatalytic annulations for the synthesis of biologically relevant three-dimensional spirocyclic compounds has as of yet not been accomplished. In sharp contrast, herein, we describe the palladaelectro-catalyzed C-H activation/[3 + 2] spiroannulation of alkynes by 1-aryl-2-naphthols. Likewise, a cationic rhodium(iii) catalyst was shown to enable electrooxidative [3 + 2] spiroannulations via formal C(sp3)-H activations. The versatile spiroannulations featured a broad substrate scope, employing electricity as a green oxidant in lieu of stoichiometric chemical oxidants under mild conditions. An array of spirocyclic enones and diverse spiropyrazolones, bearing all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers were thereby accessed in a user-friendly undivided cell setup, with molecular hydrogen as the sole byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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