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Berthomé Y, Gerber J, Hanser F, Riché S, Humbert N, Valencia C, Villa P, Karpenko J, Florès O, Bonnet D. Rational Design of Cyanine-Based Fluorogenic Dimers to Reduce Nonspecific Interactions with Albumin and Lipid Bilayers: Application to Highly Sensitive Imaging of GPCRs in Living Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1182-1189. [PMID: 38982626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Fluorogenic dimers with polarity-sensitive folding are powerful probes for live-cell bioimaging. They switch on their fluorescence only after interacting with their targets, thus leading to a high signal-to-noise ratio in wash-free bioimaging. We previously reported the first near-infrared fluorogenic dimers derived from cyanine 5.5 dyes for the optical detection of G protein-coupled receptors. Owing to their hydrophobic character, these dimers are prone to form nonspecific interactions with proteins such as albumin and with the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane resulting in a residual background fluorescence in complex biological media. Herein, we report the rational design of new fluorogenic dimers derived from cyanine 5. By modulating the chemical structure of the cyanine units, we discovered that the two asymmetric cyanine 5.25 dyes were able to form intramolecular H-aggregates and self-quenched in aqueous media. Moreover, the resulting original dimeric probes enabled a significant reduction of the nonspecific interactions with bovine serum albumin and lipid bilayers compared with the first generation of cyanine 5.5 dimers. Finally, the optimized asymmetric fluorogenic dimer was grafted to carbetocin for the specific imaging of the oxytocin receptor under no-wash conditions directly in cell culture media, notably improving the signal-to-background ratio compared with the previous generation of cyanine 5.5 dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Berthomé
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de pharmacie UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Gerber
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de pharmacie UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Hanser
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de pharmacie UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Riché
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de pharmacie UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Humbert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR 7021 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christel Valencia
- PCBIS Plateforme de chimie biologie intégrative de Strasbourg, UAR 3286 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Villa
- PCBIS Plateforme de chimie biologie intégrative de Strasbourg, UAR 3286 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Karpenko
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de pharmacie UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Océane Florès
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de pharmacie UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de pharmacie UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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2
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Drakopoulos A, Koszegi Z, Seier K, Hübner H, Maurel D, Sounier R, Granier S, Gmeiner P, Calebiro D, Decker M. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of New δ Opioid Receptor-Selective Fluorescent Probes and Applications in Single-Molecule Microscopy of Wild-Type Receptors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12618-12631. [PMID: 39044606 PMCID: PMC11386433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The delta opioid receptor (δOR or DOR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) showing a promising profile as a drug target for nociception and analgesia. Herein, we design and synthesize new fluorescent antagonist probes with high δOR selectivity that are ideally suited for single-molecule microscopy (SMM) applications in unmodified, untagged receptors. Using our new probes, we investigated wild-type δOR localization and mobility at low physiological receptor densities for the first time. Furthermore, we investigate the potential formation of δOR homodimers, as such a receptor organization might exhibit distinct pharmacological activity, potentially paving the way for innovative pharmacological therapies. Our findings indicate that the majority of δORs labeled with these probes exist as freely diffusing monomers on the cell surface in a simple cell model. This discovery advances our understanding of OR behavior and offers potential implications for future therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Kerstin Seier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damien Maurel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34094 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Rémy Sounier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34094 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Granier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34094 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Xiao Y, Chen J, Li S, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Chen L, Sun Y, Gu M, Xie X, Nan F. Discovery of GPR84 Fluorogenic Probes Based on a Novel Antagonist for GPR84 Bioimaging. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10875-10890. [PMID: 38946306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
GPR84 is a promising therapeutic target and biomarker for a range of diseases. In this study, we reported the discovery of BINOL phosphate (BINOP) derivatives as GPR84 antagonists. By investigating the structure-activity relationship, we identified 15S as a novel GPR84 antagonist. 15S exhibits low nanomolar potency and high selectivity for GPR84, while its enantiomer 15R is less active. Next, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of GPR84 fluorogenic probes by conjugating Nile red and compound 15S. The leading hybrid, probe F8, not only retained GPR84 activity but also exhibited low nonspecific binding and a turn-on fluorescent signal in an apolar environment. F8 enabled visualization and detection of GPR84 in GPR84-overexpressing HEK293 cells and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophils. Furthermore, we demonstrated that F8 can detect upregulated GPR84 protein levels in mice models of inflammatory bowel disease and acute lung injury. Thus, compound F8 represents a promising tool for studying GPR84 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linhai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Min Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Fajun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
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4
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Ramírez-Lozano CM, Ochoa ME, Labra-Vázquez P, Jiménez-Sánchez A, Farfán N, Santillan R. Exploring the self-assembly dynamics of novel steroid-coumarin conjugates: a comprehensive spectroscopic and solid-state investigation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3314-3327. [PMID: 38578064 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00192c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and characterization of seven novel steroid-coumarin conjugates with diverse steroidal nuclei as lipophilic fluorescent materials for bioimaging applications are presented. The conjugates were synthesized through amidation, characterized using spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, and their main photophysical properties were determined. Dioxane : water titration experiments revealed their ability to self-assemble, forming J-aggregates as evidenced by new spectral bands at higher wavelengths. Monocrystal X-ray diffraction analysis disclosed distinctive aggregation patterns exhibiting J- or H-aggregates for selected compounds. Bioimaging studies demonstrated cell membrane localization for most conjugates, with some of them displaying an interesting selectivity for lipid droplets. Notably, the presence of the steroid fragments significantly influenced both the self-assembly patterns and the cellular localization of the fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Ramírez-Lozano
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico.
| | - Ma Eugenia Ochoa
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico.
| | - Pablo Labra-Vázquez
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Arturo Jiménez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico.
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Gleixner J, Kopanchuk S, Grätz L, Tahk MJ, Laasfeld T, Veikšina S, Höring C, Gattor AO, Humphrys LJ, Müller C, Archipowa N, Köckenberger J, Heinrich MR, Kutta RJ, Rinken A, Keller M. Illuminating Neuropeptide Y Y 4 Receptor Binding: Fluorescent Cyclic Peptides with Subnanomolar Binding Affinity as Novel Molecular Tools. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1142-1168. [PMID: 38633582 PMCID: PMC11019746 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y4 receptor (Y4R), a member of the family of NPY receptors, is physiologically activated by the linear 36-amino acid peptide pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The Y4R is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, most importantly pancreatic secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and regulation of food intake. So far, Y4R binding affinities have been mostly studied in radiochemical binding assays. Except for a few fluorescently labeled PP derivatives, fluorescence-tagged Y4R ligands with high affinity have not been reported. Here, we introduce differently fluorescence-labeled (Sulfo-Cy5, Cy3B, Py-1, Py-5) Y4R ligands derived from recently reported cyclic hexapeptides showing picomolar Y4R binding affinity. With pKi values of 9.22-9.71 (radioligand competition binding assay), all fluorescent ligands (16-19) showed excellent Y4R affinity. Y4R saturation binding, binding kinetics, and competition binding with reference ligands were studied using different fluorescence-based methods: flow cytometry (Sulfo-Cy5, Cy3B, and Py-1 label), fluorescence anisotropy (Cy3B label), and NanoBRET (Cy3B label) binding assays. These experiments confirmed the high binding affinity to Y4R (equilibrium pKd: 9.02-9.9) and proved the applicability of the probes for fluorescence-based Y4R competition binding studies and imaging techniques such as single-receptor molecule tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gleixner
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergei Kopanchuk
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maris-Johanna Tahk
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Laasfeld
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Santa Veikšina
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albert O. Gattor
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura J. Humphrys
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nataliya Archipowa
- Institute
of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical
Medicine, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Köckenberger
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ago Rinken
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Max Keller
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Hou Y, Lu J, Yi M, Cui X, Cao L, Shi X, Wang P, Zhou N, Zhang P, Wang C, He H, Che D. Development of an environmentally sensitive fluorescent peptide probe for MrgX2 and application in ligand screening of peptide antibiotics. J Control Release 2024; 367:158-166. [PMID: 38253205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are primary effector cells involved in immediate allergic reactions. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MrgX2), which is highly expressed on MCs, is involved in receptor-mediated drug-induced pseudo-anaphylaxis. Many small-molecule drugs and peptides activate MrgX2, resulting in MC activation and allergic reactions. Although small-molecule drugs can be identified using existing MrgX2 ligand-screening systems, there is still a lack of effective means to screen peptide ligands. In this study, to screen for peptide drugs, the MrgX2 high-affinity endogenous peptide ligand substance P (SP) was used as a recognition group to design a fluorescent peptide probe. Spectroscopic properties and fluorescence imaging of the probe were assessed. The probe was then used to screen for MrgX2 agonists among peptide antibiotics. In addition, the effects of peptide antibiotics on MrgX2 activation were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The environment-sensitive property of the probe was revealed by the dramatic increase in fluorescence intensity after binding to the hydrophobic ligand-binding domain of MrgX2. Based on these characteristics, it can be used for in situ selective visualization of MrgX2 in live cells. The probe was used to screen ten types of peptide antibiotics, and we found that caspofungin and bacitracin could compete with the probe and are hence potential ligands of MrgX2. Pharmacological experiments confirmed this hypothesis; caspofungin and bacitracin activated MCs via MrgX2 in vitro and induced local anaphylaxis in mice. Our research can be expected to provide new ideas for screening MrgX2 peptide ligands and reveal the mechanisms of adverse reactions caused by peptide drugs, thereby laying the foundation for improving their clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi,China
| | - Mengyao Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi,China
| | - Xia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengchong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi,China
| | - Huaizhen He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi,China.
| | - Delu Che
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, 710000 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China..
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7
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Kumar V, Chunchagatta Lakshman PK, Prasad TK, Manjunath K, Bairy S, Vasu AS, Ganavi B, Jasti S, Kamariah N. Target-based drug discovery: Applications of fluorescence techniques in high throughput and fragment-based screening. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23864. [PMID: 38226204 PMCID: PMC10788520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Target-based discovery of first-in-class therapeutics demands an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human diseases. Precise measurements of cellular and biochemical activities are critical to gain mechanistic knowledge of biomolecules and their altered function in disease conditions. Such measurements enable the development of intervention strategies for preventing or treating diseases by modulation of desired molecular processes. Fluorescence-based techniques are routinely employed for accurate and robust measurements of in-vitro activity of molecular targets and for discovering novel chemical molecules that modulate the activity of molecular targets. In the current review, the authors focus on the applications of fluorescence-based high throughput screening (HTS) and fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD) techniques such as fluorescence polarization (FP), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence thermal shift assay (FTSA) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) for the discovery of chemical probe to exploring target's role in disease biology and ultimately, serve as a foundation for drug discovery. Some recent advancements in these techniques for compound library screening against important classes of drug targets, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and GTPases, as well as phosphorylation- and acetylation-mediated protein-protein interactions, are discussed. Overall, this review presents a landscape of how these techniques paved the way for the discovery of small-molecule modulators and biologics against these targets for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thazhe Kootteri Prasad
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kavyashree Manjunath
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Sneha Bairy
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Akshaya S. Vasu
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - B. Ganavi
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Subbarao Jasti
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Neelagandan Kamariah
- Centre for Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, inStem & NCBS, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
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8
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Rosier N, Mönnich D, Nagl M, Schihada H, Sirbu A, Konar N, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Franco R, Kolb P, Annibale P, Pockes S. Shedding Light on the D 1 -Like Receptors: A Fluorescence-Based Toolbox for Visualization of the D 1 and D 5 Receptors. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300658. [PMID: 37983731 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D1 -like receptors are the most abundant type of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system and, even after decades of discovery, still highly interesting for the study of neurological diseases. We herein describe the synthesis of a new set of fluorescent ligands, structurally derived from D1 R antagonist SCH-23390 and labeled with two different fluorescent dyes, as tool compounds for the visualization of D1 -like receptors. Pharmacological characterization in radioligand binding studies identified UR-NR435 (25) as a high-affinity ligand for D1 -like receptors (pKi (D1 R)=8.34, pKi (D5 R)=7.62) with excellent selectivity towards D2 -like receptors. Compound 25 proved to be a neutral antagonist at the D1 R and D5 R in a Gs heterotrimer dissociation assay, an important feature to avoid receptor internalization and degradation when working with whole cells. The neutral antagonist 25 displayed rapid association and complete dissociation to the D1 R in kinetic binding studies using confocal microscopy verifying its applicability for fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, molecular brightness studies determined a single-digit nanomolar binding affinity of the ligand, which was in good agreement with radioligand binding data. For this reason, this fluorescent ligand is a useful tool for a sophisticated characterization of native D1 receptors in a variety of experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rosier
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Nagl
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexei Sirbu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nergis Konar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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9
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Dekkers S, Comez D, Karsai N, Arimont-Segura M, Canals M, Caspar B, de Graaf C, Kilpatrick LE, Leurs R, Kellam B, Hill SJ, Briddon SJ, Stocks MJ. Small Molecule Fluorescent Ligands for the Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3). ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:143-148. [PMID: 38229752 PMCID: PMC10788940 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) is a receptor that induces cancer progression and metastasis in multiple cell types. Therefore, new chemical tools are required to study the role of ACKR3 in cancer and other diseases. In this study, fluorescent probes, based on a series of small molecule ACKR3 agonists, were synthesized. Three fluorescent probes, which showed specific binding to ACKR3 through a luminescence-based NanoBRET binding assay (pKd ranging from 6.8 to 7.8) are disclosed. Due to their high affinity at the ACKR3, we have shown their application in both competition binding experiments and confocal microscopy studies showing the cellular distribution of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dekkers
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Dehan Comez
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Noemi Karsai
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Marta Arimont-Segura
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Birgit Caspar
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E. Kilpatrick
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Briddon
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
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10
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Archipowa N, Wittmann L, Köckenberger J, Ertl FJ, Gleixner J, Keller M, Heinrich MR, Kutta RJ. Characterization of Fluorescent Dyes Frequently Used for Bioimaging: Photophysics and Photocatalytical Reactions with Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9532-9542. [PMID: 37903729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of the rhodamine-based dye 5-TAMRA (5-carboxy-tetramethylrhodamine) and the indocarbocyanine-type Cy3B (cyclized derivative of the cyanine dye Cy3), both representing important fluorophores frequently used for the labeling of biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) and bioactive compounds, such as receptor ligands, were photophysically investigated in aqueous solution, i.e., in neat phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in PBS supplemented with 1 wt % bovine serum albumin (BSA). The dyes exhibit comparable absorption (λabs,max: 550-569 nm) and emission wavelengths (λem,max: 580-582 nm), and similar S1 lifetimes (2.27-2.75 ns), and their excited state deactivation proceeds mainly via the lowest excited singlet state (triplet quantum yield ca. 1%). However, the probes show marked differences with respect to their fluorescence quantum yield and photostability. While 5-TAMRA shows a lower quantum yield (37-39%) than the Cy3B derivative (ca. 57%), its photostability is considerably higher compared to Cy3B. Generally, the impact of the protein on the photophysics is low. However, on prolonged illumination, both fluorescent dyes undergo a photocatalytic reaction with tryptophan residues of BSA mediated by sensitized singlet oxygen resulting in a tryptophan photoproduct with an absorption maximum around 330 nm. The overall results of this work will assist in choosing the right dye for the labeling of bioactive compounds, and the study demonstrates that experiments performed with 5-TAMRA or Cy3B-labeled compounds in a biological environment may be influenced by photochemical modification of experimentally relevant proteins at aromatic amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Archipowa
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Wittmann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Köckenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian J Ertl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Gleixner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Bhattacharjee P, Iyer MR. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Fluorescent CB 2 Receptor Ligands for Live-Cell Imaging: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1235. [PMID: 37765043 PMCID: PMC10534640 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated via endogenous lipids called endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a critical role in the regulation of several physiological states and a wide range of diseases. In recent years, drug discovery approaches targeting the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) have gained prominence. Particular attention has been given to selective agonists targeting the CB2 receptors to circumvent the neuropsychotropic side effects associated with CB1 receptors. The pharmacological modulation of CB2R holds therapeutic promise for various diseases, such as inflammatory disorders and immunological conditions, as well as pain management and cancer treatment. Recently, the utilization of fluorescent probes has emerged as a valuable technique for investigating the interactions between ligands and proteins at an exceptional level of spatial and temporal precision. In this review, we aim to examine the progress made in the development of fluorescent probes targeting CB2 receptors and highlight their significance in facilitating the successful clinical translation of CB2R-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malliga R. Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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12
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The chronological evolution of fluorescent GPCR probes for bioimaging. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Dekkers S, Caspar B, Goulding J, Kindon ND, Kilpatrick LE, Stoddart LA, Briddon SJ, Kellam B, Hill SJ, Stocks MJ. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Ligands for the CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5208-5222. [PMID: 36944083 PMCID: PMC10108349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, or CXCR4, is a chemokine receptor found to promote cancer progression and metastasis of various cancer cell types. To investigate the pharmacology of this receptor, and to further elucidate its role in cancer, novel chemical tools are a necessity. In the present study, using classic medicinal chemistry approaches, small-molecule-based fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized based on previously reported small-molecule antagonists. Here, we report the development of three distinct chemical classes of fluorescent probes that show specific binding to the CXCR4 receptor in a novel fluorescence-based NanoBRET binding assay (pKD ranging 6.6-7.1). Due to their retained affinity at CXCR4, we furthermore report their use in competition binding experiments and confocal microscopy to investigate the pharmacology and cellular distribution of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dekkers
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Birgit Caspar
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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14
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Franco AR, Artusa V, Peri F. Use of Fluorescent Chemical Probes in the Study of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Trafficking. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2700:57-74. [PMID: 37603174 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3366-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent chemical probes are used nowadays as a chemical resource to study the physiology and pharmacology of several important endogenous receptors. Different fluorescent groups have been coupled with known ligands of these receptors, allowing the visualization of their localization and trafficking. One of the most important molecular players of innate immunity and inflammation are the Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). These Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRR) have as natural ligands microbial-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and also endogenous molecules called danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These ligands activate TLRs to start a response that will determine the host's protection and overall cell survival but can also lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmune syndromes. TLRs action is tightly related to their subcellular localization and trafficking. Understanding this trafficking phenomenon can enlighten critical molecular pathways that might allow to decipher the causes of different diseases. In this chapter, the study of function, localization and trafficking of TLRs through the use of chemical probes will be discussed. Furthermore, an example protocol of the use of fluorescent chemical probes to study TLR4 trafficking using high-content analysis will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Franco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Artusa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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15
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The multifaceted roles of peptides in “always-on” near-infrared fluorescent probes for tumor imaging. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Yang H, Micovic N, Monaghan JR, Clark HA. Click Chemistry-Enabled Conjugation Strategy for Producing Dibenzodiazepinone-Type Fluorescent Probes To Target M 2 Acetylcholine Receptors. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2223-2233. [PMID: 36327428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescently labeled receptor-targeting compounds represents a powerful pharmacological tool to study and characterize ligand-receptor interactions. Despite significant advances in developing sub-type-specific antagonists for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), reports on antagonists feasible for click chemistry are less common. Here, we designed and synthesized an antagonist suitable for probe attachment through click chemistry, namely, dibenzodiazepinone (DIBA)-alkyne, based on a previously reported DIBA scaffold with a high binding affinity to type-2 mAChR (M2R). To demonstrate the versatility of DIBA-alkyne as a building block for bioconjugates, we assembled DIBA-alkyne with Cyanine5 fluorophores (Cy5) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) biomolecules to obtain fluorescent DIBA antagonist (DIBA-Cy5) and fluorescent DIBA PEG derivatives. Flow cytometric analysis showed that DIBA-Cy5 possessed a high binding affinity to M2R (Kd = 1.80 nM), a two-order magnitude higher binding affinity than M1R. Fluorescent DIBA PEG derivatives maintained a potent binding to the M2R (Kd ≤ 4 nM), confirmed by confocal microscopic imaging. Additionally, DIBA-Cy5 can serve as a fluorescent ligand in the receptor-ligand competitive binding assay for other mAChR ligands, an attractive alternative to the traditional radioligand-based assay. The competitive binding mode between DIBA-Cy5 and orthosteric antagonist atropine/allosteric modulator LY2119620 indicated a dualsteric binding mode of the DIBA-type antagonist to M2R. Lastly, we demonstrated the direct staining of DIBA-Cy5 to M2R receptors in the sinoatrial node of a mouse heart. The adaptability of the clickable DIBA antagonist to a wide range of fluorophores and biomolecules can facilitate its use in various biomedical applications such as binding assays that screen compounds for M2R as the receptor target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrong Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Nicholas Micovic
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - James R Monaghan
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
- Institute for Chemical Imaging of Living Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Heather A Clark
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85281, United States
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17
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Kok ZY, Stoddart LA, Mistry SJ, Mocking TAM, Vischer HF, Leurs R, Hill SJ, Mistry SN, Kellam B. Optimization of Peptide Linker-Based Fluorescent Ligands for the Histamine H 1 Receptor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8258-8288. [PMID: 35734860 PMCID: PMC9234962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H1 receptor (H1R) has recently been implicated in mediating cell proliferation and cancer progression; therefore, high-affinity H1R-selective fluorescent ligands are desirable tools for further investigation of this behavior in vitro and in vivo. We previously reported a H1R fluorescent ligand, bearing a peptide-linker, based on antagonist VUF13816 and sought to further explore structure-activity relationships (SARs) around the linker, orthostere, and fluorescent moieties. Here, we report a series of high-affinity H1R fluorescent ligands varying in peptide linker composition, orthosteric targeting moiety, and fluorophore. Incorporation of a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) 630/650-based fluorophore conferred high binding affinity to our H1R fluorescent ligands, remarkably overriding the linker SAR observed in corresponding unlabeled congeners. Compound 31a, both potent and subtype-selective, enabled H1R visualization using confocal microscopy at a concentration of 10 nM. Molecular docking of 31a with the human H1R predicts that the optimized peptide linker makes interactions with key residues in the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yuan Kok
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, the Midlands, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, the Midlands, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Sarah J Mistry
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, the Midlands, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Tamara A M Mocking
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelean 1083, 1083 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelean 1083, 1083 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelean 1083, 1083 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, the Midlands, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Shailesh N Mistry
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, the Midlands, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
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18
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Li W, Ma Z, Chen J, Dong G, Du L, Li M. Discovery of Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Ligands of β-Adrenergic Receptors for Cell Imaging and NanoBRET Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7021-7028. [PMID: 35504022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
By fusing several environment-sensitive fluorophores to the pharmacophore mirabegron, a series of new fluorescent ligands for β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) were produced with a turn-on mechanism and high binding affinity to β-ARs efficiently. Compound L5 with the pyridinium moiety possessed the most favorable combination of properties after systematic comparison and optimization, including high affinity and acceptable cytotoxicity, remarkable fluorescence enhancement (up to 30-fold) upon binding with β-ARs, and feasible visualizing ability of β-ARs in living cells under no-wash conditions. Furthermore, a NanoLuc-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) binding assay based on compound L5 was developed and may be used in high-throughput screening (HTS) in the drug discovery of β-ARs due to its unique fluorescence spectroscopic features. Overall, as the first environment-sensitive fluorescent ligand, molecule L5 could be a useful tool for understanding the pharmacology of β-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Gaopan Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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19
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Ma S, Li Z, Yang Y, Zhang L, Li M, Du L. Fluorescent Ligand-Based Discovery of Small-Molecule Sulfonamide Agonists for GPR120. Front Chem 2022; 10:816014. [PMID: 35174139 PMCID: PMC8841740 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.816014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical member of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) is a potential target for many physiological diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammation, and obesity. Considering that small-molecule fluorescent ligands can combine the advantages of visualization, high sensitivity and selectivity, we initially undertook an effort to develop a series of fluorescent ligands to track GPR120 and establish a method to screen GPR120 agonists. The representative fluorescent ligand N1 possesses suitable optical property, equitable biological activity, and high fluorescence imaging feasibility, therefore, based on compound N1, we subsequently founded a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) competition binding assay to screen three series of sulfonamide GPR120 agonists we developed herein. The activity evaluation results revealed that compound D5 was a potent GPR120 agonist with high activity and selectivity. Moreover, compound D5 exhibited a significant glucose-lowering effect in db/db mice, which indicates its potential application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in vivo. It is anticipated that our fluorescent ligand-based method is a useful toolbox and will find broad applications in the discovery of small-molecule agonists for GPR120.
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20
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Horikawa M, Kakiuchi Y, Kashima D, Ogawa K, Kawahara M. Thrombopoietin receptor-based protein-protein interaction screening (THROPPIS). Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:287-298. [PMID: 34708875 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in many cellular events, development of mammalian cytosolic PPI detection systems is important for drug discovery as well as understanding biological phenomena. We have previously reported a c-kit-based PPI screening (KIPPIS) system, in which proteins of interest were fused with a receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit, leading to intracellular PPI-dependent cell growth. However, it has not been investigated whether PPI can be detected using other receptors. In this study, we employed a thrombopoietin receptor, which belongs to the Type I cytokine receptor family, to develop a thrombopoietin receptor-based PPI screening (THROPPIS) system. To improve the sensitivity of THROPPIS, we examined two strategies of (i) localization of the chimeric receptors on the cell membrane, and (ii) addition of a helper module to the chimeric receptors. Intriguingly, the nonlocalized chimeric receptor showed the best performance of THROPPIS. Furthermore, the addition of the helper module dramatically improved the detection sensitivity. In total, 5 peptide-domain interactions were detected successfully, demonstrating the versatility of THROPPIS. In addition, a peptide-domain interaction was detected even when insulin receptor or epidermal growth factor receptor was used as a signaling domain, demonstrating that this PPI detection system can be extended to other receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Horikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kakiuchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Kashima
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell Vaccine, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Paudel P, Seong SH, Park SE, Ryu JH, Jung HA, Choi JS. In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Targets of Phlorofucofuroeckol-A and Dieckol. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:326. [PMID: 34199834 PMCID: PMC8228075 DOI: 10.3390/md19060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are polyphenolic compounds in marine alga, especially the brown algae. Among numerous phlorotannins, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A) are the major ones and despite a wider biological activity profile, knowledge of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets of these phlorotannins is lacking. This study explores prime GPCR targets of the two phlorotannins. In silico proteocheminformatics modeling predicted twenty major protein targets and in vitro functional assays showed a good agonist effect at the α2C adrenergic receptor (α2CAR) and an antagonist effect at the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR), δ-opioid receptor (δ-OPR), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-TH1AR) of both phlorotannins. Besides, dieckol showed an antagonist effect at the vasopressin 1A receptor (V1AR) and PFF-A showed a promising agonist effect at the cannabinoid 1 receptor and an antagonist effect at V1AR. In silico molecular docking simulation enabled us to investigate and identify distinct binding features of these phlorotannins to the target proteins. The docking results suggested that dieckol and PFF-A bind to the crystal structures of the proteins with good affinity involving key interacting amino acid residues comparable to reference ligands. Overall, the present study suggests α2CAR, A2AR, δ-OPR, GLP-1R, 5-TH1AR, CB1R, and V1AR as prime receptor targets of dieckol and PFF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (P.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (P.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
- Natural Products Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (P.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (P.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
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22
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Yang X, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, van der Es D. Molecular probes for the human adenosine receptors. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:85-108. [PMID: 33313997 PMCID: PMC7954947 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by the endogenous ligand adenosine, have been considered potential therapeutic targets in several disorders. To date however, only very few adenosine receptor modulators have made it to the market. Increased understanding of these receptors is required to improve the success rate of adenosine receptor drug discovery. To improve our understanding of receptor structure and function, over the past decades, a diverse array of molecular probes has been developed and applied. These probes, including radioactive or fluorescent moieties, have proven invaluable in GPCR research in general. Specifically for adenosine receptors, the development and application of covalent or reversible probes, whether radiolabeled or fluorescent, have been instrumental in the discovery of new chemical entities, the characterization and interrogation of adenosine receptor subtypes, and the study of adenosine receptor behavior in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This review summarizes these applications, and also serves as an invitation to walk another mile to further improve probe characteristics and develop additional tags that allow the investigation of adenosine receptors and other GPCRs in even finer detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van der Es
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang H, Xu H. Design and Application of Receptor-Targeted Fluorescent Probes Based on Small Molecular Fluorescent Dyes. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:4-24. [PMID: 33412857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a variety of receptor-targeted fluorescent probes have been developed and widely used to realize the visualization of certain receptors, which facilitates the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this Review, we focus on the recent achievements in design, chemical structure, imaging characterization, and potential applications of receptor-targeted fluorescent probes from the past 10 years. The development and application of receptor-targeted fluorescent probes will expand our knowledge of the distribution and function of disease-related receptors, shed light on the drug discovery for clinical diseases where receptors are implicated, and feed into the diagnosis and treatment of a plethora of diseases, including tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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24
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Hamilton AJ, Payne AD, Mocerino M, Gunosewoyo H. Imaging Cannabinoid Receptors: A Brief Collection of Covalent and Fluorescent Probes for CB1 and CB2 Receptors. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been an expanding public interest towards the notion that modulation of the sophisticated endocannabinoid system can lead to various therapeutic benefits that are yet to be fully explored. In recent years, the drug discovery paradigm in this field has been largely based on the development of selective CB2 receptor agonists, avoiding the unwanted CB1 receptor-mediated psychoactive side effects. Mechanistically, target engagement studies are crucial for confirming the ligand–receptor interaction and the subsequent biological cascades that lead to the observed therapeutic effects. Concurrently, imaging techniques for visualisation of cannabinoid receptors are increasingly reported in the literature. Small molecule imaging tools ranging from phytocannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) to the endocannabinoids as well as the purely synthetic cannabimimetics, have been explored to date with varying degrees of success. This Review will cover currently known photoactivatable, electrophilic, and fluorescent ligands for both the CB1 and CB2 receptors. Structural insights from techniques such as ligand-assisted protein structure (LAPS) and the discovery of novel allosteric modulators are significant additions for better understanding of the endocannabinoid system. There has also been a plethora of fluorescent conjugates that have been assessed for their binding to cannabinoid receptors as well as their potential for cellular imaging. More recently, bifunctional probes containing either fluorophores or electrophilic tags are becoming more prevalent in the literature. Collectively, these molecular tools are invaluable in demonstrating target engagement within the human endocannabinoid system.
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25
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Childs MD, Luyt LG. A Decade's Progress in the Development of Molecular Imaging Agents Targeting the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor. Mol Imaging 2020; 19:1536012120952623. [PMID: 33104445 PMCID: PMC8865914 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120952623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR), also called the ghrelin receptor, is a G protein-coupled receptor known to play an important metabolic role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including energy expenditure, growth hormone secretion, and cell proliferation. This receptor has been implicated in numerous health issues including obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, type II diabetes, and regulation of body weight in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, and there has been growing interest in studying its mechanism of behavior to unlock further applications of GHSR-targeted therapeutics. In addition, the GHSR is expressed in various types of cancer including prostate, breast, and testicular cancers, while aberrant expression has been reported in cardiac disease. Targeted molecular imaging of the GHSR could provide insights into its role in biological processes related to these disease states. Over the past decade, imaging probes targeting this receptor have been discovered for the imaging modalities PET, SPECT, and optical imaging. High-affinity analogues of ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the GHSR, as well as small molecule inhibitors have been developed and evaluated both in vitro and in pre-clinical models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular imaging agents targeting the GHSR reported to the end of 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Childs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Sarott RC, Westphal MV, Pfaff P, Korn C, Sykes DA, Gazzi T, Brennecke B, Atz K, Weise M, Mostinski Y, Hompluem P, Koers E, Miljuš T, Roth NJ, Asmelash H, Vong MC, Piovesan J, Guba W, Rufer AC, Kusznir EA, Huber S, Raposo C, Zirwes EA, Osterwald A, Pavlovic A, Moes S, Beck J, Benito-Cuesta I, Grande T, Ruiz de Martı N Esteban S, Yeliseev A, Drawnel F, Widmer G, Holzer D, van der Wel T, Mandhair H, Yuan CY, Drobyski WR, Saroz Y, Grimsey N, Honer M, Fingerle J, Gawrisch K, Romero J, Hillard CJ, Varga ZV, van der Stelt M, Pacher P, Gertsch J, McCormick PJ, Ullmer C, Oddi S, Maccarrone M, Veprintsev DB, Nazaré M, Grether U, Carreira EM. Development of High-Specificity Fluorescent Probes to Enable Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Studies in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16953-16964. [PMID: 32902974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) holds promise for the treatment of numerous conditions, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, pain, and cancer. Despite the significance of this receptor, researchers lack reliable tools to address questions concerning the expression and complex mechanism of CB2R signaling, especially in cell-type and tissue-dependent contexts. Herein, we report for the first time a versatile ligand platform for the modular design of a collection of highly specific CB2R fluorescent probes, used successfully across applications, species, and cell types. These include flow cytometry of endogenously expressing cells, real-time confocal microscopy of mouse splenocytes and human macrophages, as well as FRET-based kinetic and equilibrium binding assays. High CB2R specificity was demonstrated by competition experiments in living cells expressing CB2R at native levels. The probes were effectively applied to FACS analysis of microglial cells derived from a mouse model relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman C Sarott
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias V Westphal
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Pfaff
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Korn
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David A Sykes
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Thais Gazzi
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brennecke
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Atz
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie Weise
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yelena Mostinski
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pattarin Hompluem
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Eline Koers
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Tamara Miljuš
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Nicolas J Roth
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England
| | - Hermon Asmelash
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England
| | - Man C Vong
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jacopo Piovesan
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Wolfgang Guba
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne C Rufer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric A Kusznir
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylwia Huber
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catarina Raposo
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth A Zirwes
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Osterwald
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anto Pavlovic
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Moes
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Beck
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irene Benito-Cuesta
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Grande
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alexei Yeliseev
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Faye Drawnel
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Widmer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Holzer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harpreet Mandhair
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cheng-Yin Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - William R Drobyski
- Department of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Yurii Saroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natasha Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Honer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Fingerle
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Gawrisch
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Julian Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States.,HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pal Pacher
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter J McCormick
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Oddi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy.,Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Grether
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Biselli S, Alencastre I, Tropmann K, Erdmann D, Chen M, Littmann T, Maia AF, Gomez-Lazaro M, Tanaka M, Ozawa T, Keller M, Lamghari M, Buschauer A, Bernhardt G. Fluorescent H 2 Receptor Squaramide-Type Antagonists: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1521-1528. [PMID: 32832018 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence labeled ligands have been gaining importance as molecular tools, enabling receptor-ligand-binding studies by various fluorescence-based techniques. Aiming at red-emitting fluorescent ligands for the hH2R, a series of squaramides labeled with pyridinium or cyanine fluorophores (19-27) was synthesized and characterized. The highest hH2R affinities in radioligand competition binding assays were obtained in the case of pyridinium labeled antagonists 19-21 (pK i: 7.71-7.76) and cyanine labeled antagonists 23 and 25 (pK i: 7.67, 7.11). These fluorescent ligands proved to be useful tools for binding studies (saturation and competition binding as well as kinetic experiments), using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and high content imaging. Saturation binding experiments revealed pK d values comparable to the pK i values. The fluorescent probes 21, 23, and 25 could be used to localize H2 receptors in HEK cells and to determine the binding affinities of unlabeled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Biselli
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inês Alencastre
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Katharina Tropmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Erdmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mengya Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - André F. Maia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Basagni F, Rosini M, Decker M. Functionalized Cannabinoid Subtype 2 Receptor Ligands: Fluorescent, PET, Photochromic and Covalent Molecular Probes. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1374-1389. [PMID: 32578963 PMCID: PMC7497013 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid subtype 2 receptors (CB2 Rs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the endocannabinoid system, a complex network of signalling pathways leading to the regulation of key physiological processes. Interestingly, CB2 Rs are strongly up-regulated in pathological conditions correlated with the onset of inflammatory events like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, CB2 Rs represent an important biological target for therapeutic as well as diagnostic purposes. No CB2 R-selective drugs are yet on the market, thus underlining a that deeper comprehension of CB2 Rs' complex activation pathways and their role in the regulation of diseases is needed. Herein, we report an overview of pharmacological and imaging tools such as fluorescent, positron emission tomography (PET), photochromic and covalent selective CB2 R ligands. These molecular probes can be used in vitro as well as in vivo to investigate and explore the unravelled role(s) of CB2 Rs, and they can help to design suitable CB2 R-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Basagni
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaVia Belmeloro 640126BolognaItaly
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaVia Belmeloro 640126BolognaItaly
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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29
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Drakopoulos A, Decker M. Development and Biological Applications of Fluorescent Opioid Ligands. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1354-1364. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryInstitute of Pharmacy and Food ChemistryJulius Maximilian University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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30
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Esteoulle L, Daubeuf F, Collot M, Riché S, Durroux T, Brasse D, Marchand P, Karpenko IA, Klymchenko AS, Bonnet D. A near-infrared fluorogenic dimer enables background-free imaging of endogenous GPCRs in living mice. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6824-6829. [PMID: 33033597 PMCID: PMC7504901 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are commonly used in studying G protein-coupled receptors in living cells; however their application to the whole animal receptor imaging is still challenging. To address this problem, we report the design and the synthesis of the first near-infrared emitting fluorogenic dimer with environment-sensitive folding. Due to the formation of non-fluorescent H-aggregates in an aqueous medium, the near-infrared fluorogenic dimer displays a strong turn-on response (up to 140-fold) in an apolar environment and exceptional brightness: 56% quantum yield and ≈444 000 M−1 cm−1 extinction coefficient. Grafted on a ligand of the oxytocin receptor, it allows the unprecedented background-free and target-specific imaging of the naturally expressed receptor in living mice. A near-infrared emitting fluorogenic dimer with environment-sensitive folding and exceptional brightness enables background-free and target-specific imaging of the naturally expressed oxytocin GPCR in living mice.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Esteoulle
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique , LabEx MEDALIS , UMR7200 , CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France . ;
| | - François Daubeuf
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique , LabEx MEDALIS , UMR7200 , CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France . ;
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies , UMR 7021 , CNRS/Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France . ;
| | - Stéphanie Riché
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique , LabEx MEDALIS , UMR7200 , CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France . ;
| | - Thierry Durroux
- CNRS , UMR 5203 , Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle , INSERM, U. 1191 , Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - David Brasse
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , IPHC UMR 7178 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Patrice Marchand
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , IPHC UMR 7178 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Iuliia A Karpenko
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique , LabEx MEDALIS , UMR7200 , CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France . ;
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies , UMR 7021 , CNRS/Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France . ;
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique , LabEx MEDALIS , UMR7200 , CNRS , Université de Strasbourg , 74 route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden , France . ;
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31
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Bartole E, Grätz L, Littmann T, Wifling D, Seibel U, Buschauer A, Bernhardt G. UR-DEBa242: A Py-5-Labeled Fluorescent Multipurpose Probe for Investigations on the Histamine H3 and H4 Receptors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5297-5311. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Bartole
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulla Seibel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Drakopoulos A, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Calebiro D, Decker M. Investigation of Inactive-State κ Opioid Receptor Homodimerization via Single-Molecule Microscopy Using New Antagonistic Fluorescent Probes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3596-3609. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Harald Hübner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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33
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Barrile F, M'Kadmi C, De Francesco PN, Cabral A, García Romero G, Mustafá ER, Cantel S, Damian M, Mary S, Denoyelle S, Banères JL, Marie J, Raingo J, Fehrentz JA, Perelló M. Development of a novel fluorescent ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor based on the N-Terminal Leap2 region. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110573. [PMID: 31499133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) was recently recognized as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), which also is a receptor for the hormone ghrelin. LEAP2 blocks ghrelin-induced activation of GHSR and inhibits GHSR constitutive activity. Since fluorescence-based imaging and pharmacological analyses to investigate the biology of GHSR require reliable probes, we developed a novel fluorescent GHSR ligand based on the N-terminal LEAP2 sequence, hereafter named F-LEAP2. In vitro, F-LEAP2 displayed binding affinity and inverse agonism to GHSR similar to LEAP2. In a heterologous expression system, F-LEAP2 labeling was specifically observed in the surface of GHSR-expressing cells, in contrast to fluorescent ghrelin labeling that was mainly observed inside the GHSR-expressing cells. In mice, centrally-injected F-LEAP2 reduced ghrelin-induced food intake, in a similar fashion to LEAP2, and specifically labeled cells in GHSR-expressing brain areas. Thus, F-LEAP2 represents a valuable tool to study the biology of GHSR in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Céline M'Kadmi
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio R Mustafá
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Marjorie Damian
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Mary
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Denoyelle
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacky Marie
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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34
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Arimont M, Hoffmann C, de Graaf C, Leurs R. Chemokine Receptor Crystal Structures: What Can Be Learned from Them? Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:765-777. [PMID: 31266800 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors belong to the class A of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are implicated in a wide variety of physiologic functions, mostly related to the homeostasis of the immune system. Chemokine receptors are also involved in multiple pathologic processes, including immune and autoimmune diseases, as well as cancer. Hence, several members of this GPCR subfamily are considered to be very relevant therapeutic targets. Since drug discovery efforts can be significantly reinforced by the availability of crystal structures, substantial efforts in the area of chemokine receptor structural biology could dramatically increase the outcome of drug discovery campaigns. This short review summarizes the available data on chemokine receptor crystal structures, discusses the numerous applications from chemokine receptor structures that can enhance the daily work of molecular pharmacologists, and describes the challenges and pitfalls to consider when relying on crystal structures for further research applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This short review summarizes the available data on chemokine receptor crystal structures, discusses the numerous applications from chemokine receptor structures that can enhance the daily work of molecular pharmacologists, and describes the challenges and pitfalls to consider when relying on crystal structures for further research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arimont
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., R.L.); Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany (C.H.); and Sosei Heptares, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., R.L.); Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany (C.H.); and Sosei Heptares, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., R.L.); Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany (C.H.); and Sosei Heptares, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.A., R.L.); Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany (C.H.); and Sosei Heptares, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
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35
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Yule LR, Garelja ML, Hendrikse ER, Gingell JJ, Poyner DR, Harris PWH, Brimble MA, Hay DL. A potent fluorescent calcitonin gene‐related peptide analogue enables visualization of receptor internalization. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Yule
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Michael L. Garelja
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Erica R. Hendrikse
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Joseph J. Gingell
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - David R. Poyner
- School of Life and Health SciencesAston University Birmingham UK
| | - Paul W. H. Harris
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins CentreThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins CentreThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins CentreThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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36
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Singh S, Oyagawa CRM, Macdonald C, Grimsey NL, Glass M, Vernall AJ. Chromenopyrazole-based High Affinity, Selective Fluorescent Ligands for Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:209-214. [PMID: 30783505 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) is an attractive target for the treatment of pain and inflammatory disorders. Availability of a selective CB2R fluorescent ligand to study CB2R expression and localization in healthy and disease conditions would greatly contribute to improving our understanding of this receptor. Herein, we report a series of chromenopyrazole-based CB2R fluorescent ligands. The highest affinity fluorescent ligand was Cy5-containing 24 (hCB2R pK i = 7.38 ± 0.05), which had 131-fold selectivity over CB1R. In a cAMP BRET assay, 24 behaved as a potent CB2R inverse agonist. Widefield imaging experiments showed that 24 binds to CB2R in live cells with good selectivity and low levels of nonspecific fluorescence. The high affinity, selectivity, and suitable imaging properties of fluorescent ligand 24 make it a valuable tool for studying CB2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameek Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin R. M. Oyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christa Macdonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natasha L. Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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