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Gil N, Santoro D. Canine Models of Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Their Application in Pharmacological Research. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e935. [PMID: 37996978 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of existing pharmacological models of canine dermatitis. Canine models of dermatitis have contributed significantly to our current understanding of the pathology of dermatitis and to the development of corresponding pharmacological interventions. Specifically, canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is reviewed here, as it is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases in dogs. Canine AD also shares clinicopathological features with human AD, making the dog a natural and optimal model for human disease. Thus, pharmacological models of canine AD may be uniquely applicable to human pharmacological research. In this article, particular attention is dedicated to relevant in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models of canine AD, skin barrier defect models, pruritus models, and skin immunology models. Additionally, models of superficial pyoderma and food allergy are also discussed. With understanding of findings from canine models, researchers can select the most salient features for future pharmacological drug development. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gil
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Ghosn M, Elsakka AS, Petre EN, Cheleuitte-Nieves C, Tammela T, Monette S, Ziv E, Schachtschneider KM, Srimathveeravalli G, Yarmohammadi H, Edward Boas F, Solomon SB. Induction and preliminary characterization of neoplastic pulmonary nodules in a transgenic pig model. Lung Cancer 2023; 178:157-165. [PMID: 36868176 PMCID: PMC10538441 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer models in large animals are lacking. Oncopigs are transgenic pigs that carry both KRASG12D and TP53R167H Cre-inducible mutations. This study aimed to develop and histologically characterize a swine model of lung cancer that could serve for preclinical studies evaluating locoregional therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS In two Oncopigs, an adenoviral vector encoding the Cre-recombinase gene (AdCre) was injected endovascularly through the pulmonary arteries or inferior vena cava. In two other Oncopigs, a lung biopsy was performed and incubated with AdCre, before reinjecting the mixture into the lungs percutaneously. Animals were clinically and biologically (complete blood count, liver enzymes and lipasemia) monitored. Obtained tumors were characterized on computed tomography (CT) and on pathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Neoplastic lung nodules developed following 1 (1/10, 10%) endovascular inoculation, and 2 (2/6, 33%) percutaneous inoculations. All lung tumors were visible at the 1-week CT, and appeared as well-circumscribed solid nodules, with a median longest diameter of 14 mm (range: 5-27 mm). Only one complication occurred: an extravasation of the mixture into the thoracic wall during a percutaneous injection that resulted in a thoracic wall tumor. Pigs remained clinically healthy during the entire follow-up (14-21 days). On histology, tumors consisted of inflammatory undifferentiated neoplasms composed of atypical spindle and epithelioid cells and/or a fibrovascular stroma and abundant mixed leukocytic infiltrate. On IHC, atypical cells diffusely displayed expression of vimentin and some showed expression of CK WSS and CK 8/18. The tumor microenvironment contained abundant IBA1 + macrophages and giant cells, CD3 + T cells, and CD31 + blood vessels. CONCLUSION Tumors induced in the lungs of Oncopigs are fast growing poorly differentiated neoplasms associated with a marked inflammatory reaction that can be easily and safely induced at site specific locations. This large animal model might be suitable for interventional and surgical therapies of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ghosn
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed S Elsakka
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena N Petre
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Cheleuitte-Nieves
- Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Etay Ziv
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Govind Srimathveeravalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Life Sciences Laboratories, 240 Thatcher Road Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - F Edward Boas
- Department of Radiology, City of Hope Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
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Qiao L, Qin S, Weng N, Li B, Luo M, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Wang D, Huang C. Discovery of canine drug toceranib phosphate as a repurposed agent against human hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2023; 43:928-944. [PMID: 36776105 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcomes. There are limited therapeutic options for those diagnosed with terminal HCC and therefore incorporating novel agents into standard-of-care regimens is urgently needed. In contrast to de novo drug discovery, the strategy of repurposing compounds initially designed to treat animals might yield substantial advantages in terms of efficacy and safety. Given the evidence for the clinical efficacy of toceranib phosphate (TOC) against canine carcinomas, we aimed to investigate its therapeutic effect on human HCC. METHODS The antitumor effects of TOC were evaluated using human HCC cell lines and cell-line-derived xenograft models. Changes in autophagic response upon TOC exposure were quantified through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The role of TOC-triggered autophagy was addressed via pharmacological and genetic inhibition. RESULTS We demonstrated TOC exhibited potent antitumor activity against human HCC cells by stimulating apoptosis in vitro and in vivo by a concomitant increase in autophagic flux. Blocking the TOC-triggered autophagy inhibited cellular proliferation and decreased tumour burden, indicating a protective role of autophagy against TOC-mediated HCC cell death. This role played by TOC-induced autophagy was further linked to the inactivation of the Akt/mTOR pathway that could be attributed to the upregulation of Cyr61. Moreover, treatment with sorafenib plus TOC resulted in pronounced synergistic effects on HCC cells. CONCLUSION Our results elucidate a newly identified therapeutic potential of TOC in treating HCC, sparking a growing interest in repurposing such canine drugs for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ningna Weng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Maochao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Boukhalfa A, Robinson SR, Meola DM, Robinson NA, Ling LA, LaMastro JN, Upshaw JN, Pulakat L, Jaffe IZ, London CA, Chen HH, Yang VK. Using cultured canine cardiac slices to model the autophagic flux with doxorubicin. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282859. [PMID: 36928870 PMCID: PMC10019679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced impairment of autophagy is implicated in cardiac toxicity induced by anti-cancer drugs. Imperfect translation from rodent models and lack of in vitro models of toxicity has limited investigation of autophagic flux dysregulation, preventing design of novel cardioprotective strategies based on autophagy control. Development of an adult heart tissue culture technique from a translational model will improve investigation of cardiac toxicity. We aimed to optimize a canine cardiac slice culture system for exploration of cancer therapy impact on intact cardiac tissue, creating a translatable model that maintains autophagy in culture and is amenable to autophagy modulation. Canine cardiac tissue slices (350 μm) were generated from left ventricular free wall collected from euthanized client-owned dogs (n = 7) free of cardiovascular disease at the Foster Hospital for Small Animals at Tufts University. Cell viability and apoptosis were quantified with MTT assay and TUNEL staining. Cardiac slices were challenged with doxorubicin and an autophagy activator (rapamycin) or inhibitor (chloroquine). Autophagic flux components (LC3, p62) were quantified by western blot. Cardiac slices retained high cell viability for >7 days in culture and basal levels of autophagic markers remained unchanged. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in perturbation of the autophagic flux and cell death, while rapamycin co-treatment restored normal autophagic flux and maintained cell survival. We developed an adult canine cardiac slice culture system appropriate for studying the effects of autophagic flux that may be applicable to drug toxicity evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Boukhalfa
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sally R Robinson
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dawn M Meola
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A Robinson
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren A Ling
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joey N LaMastro
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jenica N Upshaw
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Pulakat
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Howard H Chen
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vicky K Yang
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Mestrinho LA, Santos RR. Translational oncotargets for immunotherapy: From pet dogs to humans. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:296-313. [PMID: 33705879 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies in rodent models have been a pivotal role in human clinical research, but many of them fail in the translational process. Spontaneous tumors in pet dogs have the potential to bridge the gap between preclinical models and human clinical trials. Their natural occurrence in an immunocompetent system overcome the limitations of preclinical rodent models. Due to its reasonable cellular, molecular, and genetic homology to humans, the pet dog represents a valuable model to accelerate the translation of preclinical studies to clinical trials in humans, actually with benefits for both species. Moreover, their unique genetic features of breeding and breed-related mutations have contributed to assess and optimize therapeutics in individuals with different genetic backgrounds. This review aims to outline four main immunotherapy approaches - cancer vaccines, adaptive T-cell transfer, antibodies, and cytokines -, under research in veterinary medicine and how they can serve the clinical application crosstalk with humans.
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Functional Expression of TRPV1 Ion Channel in the Canine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063177. [PMID: 33804707 PMCID: PMC8003907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV1, known as a capsaicin receptor, is the best-described transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel. Recently, it was shown to be expressed by non-excitable cells such as lymphocytes. However, the data regarding the functional expression of the TRPV1 channel in the immune cells are often contradictory. In the present study, we performed a phylogenetical analysis of the canine TRP ion channels, we assessed the expression of TRPV1 in the canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by qPCR and Western blot, and we determined the functionality of TRPV1 by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and calcium assay. We found high expression of TRPV2, -M2, and -M7 in the canine PBMCs, while expression of TRPV1, -V4 and, -M5 was relatively low. We confirmed that TRPV1 is expressed on the protein level in the PBMC and it localizes in the plasma membrane. The whole-cell patch-clamp recording revealed that capsaicin application caused a significant increase in the current density. Similarly, the results from the calcium assay show a dose-dependent increase in intracellular calcium level in the presence of capsaicin that was partially abolished by capsazepine. Our study confirms the expression of TRPV1 ion channel on both mRNA and protein levels in the canine PBMC and indicates that the ion channel is functional.
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