1
|
Craig TP, Maughan P, McArdle MP, Clark DR, Reid D. The Physical Progress of a Professional Scottish Soccer Academy Over a Ten-Year Period. Open Access J Sports Med 2024; 15:101-110. [PMID: 39157718 PMCID: PMC11328845 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s477808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increases in high-intensity locomotor activity of match play have been recorded in elite soccer. This places an onus on academy practitioners to develop players for the future demands of the game. At an academy level, locomotor data are not available for analysis over a longitudinal period, and thus changes can only be assessed with physical attribute assessment. The aim of the present study is to establish if changes in physical capacity were observed in a professional Scottish soccer academy over a ten-year period. Methods A retrospective analysis was completed where linear mixed effect (LME) models were individually fitted to explain variation across each measure of physical capacity. Model selection was undertaken with likelihood ratio tests where the initial complex models were compared to simpler nested models to arrive at the final model by maximum likelihood. Results The main findings were that most recent players' sprint test data revealed a significant improvement in 5m, 10m and 20m sprint performance, greater increases in CMJ performance in older age groups, and greater increases in YYIR1 performance at U13 and U14. Most physical results showed increased performance with greater relative height and weight. Conclusion Players recruited more recently to academies are fitter than they were previously. Reference values within clubs that establish first team requirements will contribute to appropriate planning and implementation of training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Craig
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Patrick Maughan
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - David R Clark
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Donald Reid
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papadakis Z, Panoutsakopoulos V, Kollias IA. Predictive Value of Repeated Jump Testing on Nomination Status in Professional and under 19 Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13077. [PMID: 36293658 PMCID: PMC9602553 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soccer clubs invest time and money in multidimensional identification practices, but the field implementation is still problematic. The repeated vertical jump test (RVJ), as an alternative to the monodimensional vertical jump, may offer similar prognostic value. Therefore, the prognostic validity of 15 RVJ within professional (PRO, n = 24) and under 19 years old (U19, n = 20) Greek male soccer players was examined. T-test, binomial logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic for prognostic validity of anthropometric and performance values in predicting PRO status were applied using Jamovi version 2.3.3.0. Significant group differences presented in body height and mass, body mass index (BMI), maximum and average jump height, and relative jump power. The predicting model was significant (x2(2) = 17.12, p < 0.001). Height and BMI were positive predictors of the PRO status (b = 21.66, p = 0.008 and b = 0.94, p = 0.014, respectively). The model was 73% accurate, 75% specific, and 71% sensitive, with excellent area under the curve. The RVJ test demonstrated outstanding discriminating prognostic validity. Until the applicability of the multidimensional models in predicting future player status is further established, field practitioners may use the simplistic RVJ testing to predict future status among male soccer players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Papadakis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health Promotion and Clinical Practice, College of Health and Wellness, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL 33161, USA
| | - Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iraklis A. Kollias
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jung JY. Physical giftedness/talent: A systematic review of the literature on identification and development. Front Psychol 2022; 13:961624. [PMID: 36092065 PMCID: PMC9460770 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a systematic review was undertaken of the international scholarly literature on the identification and development of giftedness/talent in the physical domain, to establish the scope of current knowledge in the area. To identify relevant research, a search that involved the creation of a search string and the manual examination of the titles and abstracts of potentially relevant research, was conducted using two databases-Web of Science Core Collection and SportDiscus-and six inclusion/exclusion criteria (i.e., relevance to identification or development of physical giftedness/talent, an empirical study, publication in a reputable academic peer-reviewed journal, publication from 2000 to 2021, an English language publication, and authorship by scholars based in any part of the world). The 101 journal articles that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were analyzed for key details, including the year of publication, methodological approaches, participants, and major findings. The five broad themes that emerged from the findings of these articles related to conceptions of physical giftedness/talent, identification characteristics/criteria, factors associated with identification, identification methods, and talent development interventions. An outline and discussion of the key issues and trends in the research, along with some recommendations for future research, conclude the systematic review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yup Jung
- School of Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Irurtia A, Torres-Mestre VM, Cebrián-Ponce Á, Carrasco-Marginet M, Altarriba-Bartés A, Vives-Usón M, Cos F, Castizo-Olier J. Physical Fitness and Performance in Talented & Untalented Young Chinese Soccer Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:98. [PMID: 35052262 PMCID: PMC8775658 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports performance is a complex process that involves many factors, including ethnic and racial differences. China's youth soccer is in a process of constant development, although information about the characteristics of its players and their methodological systems is scarce. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize the physical fitness and the competitive performance of 722 Chinese players of three sports categories (8.0-9.9, 10.0-11.9 and 12.0-13.9 years), who were classified by their coaches as talented (n = 204) or untalented (n = 518). Players were assessed for anthropometry (body height, body mass, body mass index), lung capacity (Forced Vital Capacity), jumping performance (Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump and Abalakov tests), sprinting performance (10 m and 30 m Sprint tests), agility performance (Repeated Side-Step test) and flexibility (Sit & Reach test). A descriptive, comparative, correlational and multivariate analysis was performed. Competitive ranking was created in order to act as dependent variable in multiple linear regression analysis. Results indicate that Chinese players classified as talented have better motor performance than untalented ones. However, these differences are neither related nor determine the competitive performance of one group or the other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Irurtia
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Torres-Mestre
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Álex Cebrián-Ponce
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Carrasco-Marginet
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Altarriba-Bartés
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Center (CEEAF), Sport Performance Analysis Research Group (SPARG), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marc Vives-Usón
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesc Cos
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Jorge Castizo-Olier
- School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, 08302 Barcelona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Larruskain J, Lekue JA, Martin-Garetxana I, Barrio I, McCall A, Gil SM. Injuries are negatively associated with player progression in an elite football academy. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:405-414. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1943756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A. Lekue
- Medical Services, Athletic Club, Lezama, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Imanol Martin-Garetxana
- Medical Services, Athletic Club, Lezama, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Irantzu Barrio
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alan McCall
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
| | - Susana M. Gil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larkin P, Woods CT, Haycraft J, Pyne DB. Physical and Anthropometric Characteristics Do Not Differ According to Birth Year Quartile in High-Level Junior Australian Football Players. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:111. [PMID: 34437372 PMCID: PMC8402445 DOI: 10.3390/sports9080111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore differences in the physical fitness and anthropometric profiles between birth year quartiles of players attending the Australian Football League (AFL) National Draft Combine. Date of birth, anthropometric, 20 m sprint, vertical and running vertical jump, AFL planned agility, and 20 m Multi-Stage Fitness Test (MSFT) data were obtained for players selected to attend the Combine between 1999 and 2019 (n = 1549; Mage = 18.1; SDage = 0.3). The underlying density distributions of the data were visually explored using violin plots overlaid with box and whisker plots. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was then used to model the main effect of birth quartile (four levels) on the physical and anthropometric scores. Results showed that physical and anthropometric test scores did not significantly differ according to birth quartile (V = 0.008, F = 0.880, p = 0.631). We conclude that the physical and anthropometric profiles of high-level junior Australian Football players were similar according to birth year quartile across the modeled period. Therefore, how players utilize their physical and anthropometric attributes during game-play via contextualized, representative assessments, such as small-sided games, should be considered when examining potential causes of a RAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Larkin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (C.T.W.); (J.H.)
- Maribrynong Sports Academy, Melbourne, VIC 3032, Australia
| | - Carl T. Woods
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (C.T.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jade Haycraft
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (C.T.W.); (J.H.)
| | - David B. Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
King M, Ball D, Weston M, McCunn R, Gibson N. Initial fitness, maturity status, and total training explain small and inconsistent proportions of the variance in physical development of adolescent footballers across one season. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:283-294. [PMID: 33650436 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1888106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate how initial fitness, maturity status, and training time explain changes in physical performance across one season. Eighty-eight adolescent male footballers, representing four age categories (Under 15 [n = 12], Under 14 [n = 21], Under 13 [n = 25], Under 12 [n = 30]), were tested using physical performance tests (20 m sprint, change of direction, squat jump and yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1 [YYIRTL1]) and maturity offset at the season start (Test 1) and end (Test 2). Multiple regression determined the proportion of variance in test score changes, explained by three predictor variables: initial fitness (i.e., Test 1), maturity offset change, and training time. With combined categories, predictor variables explained 0.051 to 0.297 of the variance in physical performance score changes. Analysing age categories separately, predictor variables explained 0.047 to 0.407 (20 m sprint), 0.202 to 0.626 (change of direction), 0.336 to 0.502 (squat jump), and 0.196 to 0.777 (YYIRTL1) of variance in test score changes. Of the limited differences in relative predictor contribution, Test 1 was the strongest predictor of test score change. Initial fitness, maturity status change, and training time explain small and inconsistent proportions of variance in adolescent footballers' physical development across one season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael King
- School of Health and Life Sciences, The University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK.,Oriam:Scotland's Sports Performance Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Derek Ball
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Matthew Weston
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teeside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Robert McCunn
- Oriam:Scotland's Sports Performance Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil Gibson
- City architect and transformational design, Blacktown City Council, Sydney
| |
Collapse
|