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Tian Y, Zhang M, Liu LX, Wang ZC, Liu B, Huang Y, Wang X, Ling YZ, Wang F, Feng X, Tu Y. Exploring non-coding RNA mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for therapy and prognosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400744. [PMID: 38799446 PMCID: PMC11116607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths in the world. The development and progression of HCC are closely correlated with the abnormal regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Important biological pathways in cancer biology, such as cell proliferation, death, and metastasis, are impacted by these ncRNAs, which modulate gene expression. The abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs in HCC raises the possibility that they could be applied as new biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment targets. Furthermore, by controlling the expression of cancer-related genes, miRNAs can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. On the other hand, lncRNAs play a role in the advancement of cancer by interacting with other molecules within the cell, which, in turn, affects processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, and post-transcriptional processes. The importance of ncRNA-driven regulatory systems in HCC is being highlighted by current research, which sheds light on tumor behavior and therapy response. This research highlights the great potential of ncRNAs to improve patient outcomes in this difficult disease landscape by augmenting the present methods of HCC care through the use of precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Li-xia Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zi-chao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Youcai Huang
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-zhi Ling
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Research Center, The Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
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Construction of a Novel Diagnostic Model Based on Ferroptosis-Related Genes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Machine and Deep Learning Methods. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:1624580. [PMID: 36873737 PMCID: PMC9981290 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1624580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most general malignant tumors. Ferroptosis, a type of necrotic cell death that is oxidative and iron-dependent, has a strong correlation with the development of tumors and the progression of cancer. The present study was designed to identify potential diagnostic Ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) using machine learning. From GEO datasets, two publicly available gene expression profiles (GSE65372 and GSE84402) from HCC and nontumor tissues were retrieved. The GSE65372 database was used to screen for FRGs with differential expression between HCC cases and nontumor specimens. Following this, a pathway enrichment analysis of FRGs was carried out. In order to locate potential biomarkers, an analysis using the support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) model and the LASSO regression model were carried out. The levels of the novel biomarkers were validated further using data from the GSE84402 dataset and the TCGA datasets. In this study, 40 of 237 FRGs exhibited a dysregulated level between HCC specimens and nontumor specimens from GSE65372, including 27 increased and 13 decreased genes. The results of KEGG assays indicated that the 40 differential expressed FRGs were mainly enriched in the longevity regulating pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, the mTOR signaling pathway, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Subsequently, HSPB1, CDKN2A, LPIN1, MTDH, DCAF7, TRIM26, PIR, BCAT2, EZH2, and ADAMTS13 were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers. ROC assays confirmed the diagnostic value of the new model. The expression of some FRGs among 11 FRGs was further confirmed by the GSE84402 dataset and TCGA datasets. Overall, our findings provided a novel diagnostic model using FRGs. Prior to its application in a clinical context, there is a need for additional research to evaluate the diagnostic value for HCC.
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Zhu P, Zhang F, Deng W, Chen W. Integrative analysis of the characteristic of lipid metabolism-related genes for the prognostic prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30695. [PMID: 36181094 PMCID: PMC9524878 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is implicated in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We therefore investigated the molecular characteristics of lipid-metabolism-related genes in HCC. METHODS Multi-dimensional bioinformatics analysis was conducted to comprehensively identify the lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) from public databases, as well as the clinical information, immune features, and biological characteristics of HCC. The IMGR were then used to classify HCC into molecular phenotypes. Six lipid metabolism-related genes sets with the potential to predict the prognosis of HCC patients were identified. RESULTS A total of 770 HCC patients with complete clinical information and corresponding 776 LMRGs were downloaded from 3 databases. Univariate cox and non-negative matrix factorization analyses were used to classify HCC patients into 2 clusters. This molecular classification was associated with overall survival, clinical characteristics, and immune cells. The biological function of the differentially expressed LMRGs in the 2 clusters showed the genes associated with tumor-related metabolism pathways. A combination of multivariate/univariate cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses were conducted to build a 6 LMRGs signature (6-IS) to predict the prognosis of HCC. The 6-IS signature was found to be an independent prognostic factor. Performance of the 6-IS prognostic signature was verified in a validation set and compared with an external data set. Results revealed the 6-IS signature could effectively predict the prognosis of patients with HCC. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the role of LMRG in the pathogenesis of HCC and presents a novel prognostic signature 6-IS monitoring the clinical course of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Pingshan District People’s Hospital, Pingshan General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Weijie Deng
- Clinical Skills Center, Shenzhen Pingshan District People’s Hospital, Pingshan General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Central Molecular Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbiao Chen, Central Molecular Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China (e-mail: )
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Prognostic Significance of CCDC137 Expression and Its Association with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5638675. [PMID: 36061359 PMCID: PMC9433253 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5638675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortalities. The clinical outcome of HCC patients remains poor due to distant metastasis and recurrence. In recent years, growing evidences have confirmed that the coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) family proteins are involved in the progression of several diseases. However, the expression and clinical significance of the coiled-coil domain-containing 137 (CCDC137) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated. Level 3 mRNA expression profiles and clinicopathological data were obtained in TCGA-LIHC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between 371 HCC and 50 nontumor specimens. The prognostic value of CCDC137 was analyzed in HCC patients. The correlations between CCDC137 and cancer immune infiltrates were investigated. In this study, a total of 2897 DEGs were obtained: 2451 genes were significantly upregulated and 446 genes were significantly downregulated. KEGG assays revealed that these DEGs were involved in tumor progression. Among 2897 DEGs, we found that CCDC137 expression was distinctly increased in HCC specimens compared with nontumor specimens. A high level of CCDC137 expression was related to an advanced tumor stage and grade. Moreover, patients with higher levels of CCDC137 expression had a shorter overall survival and disease-free survival than patients with lower CCDC137 levels. CCDC137 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of several immune cells, such as CD8 T cells and Th2 cells. Finally, in vitro experiments confirmed that CCDC137 expression was highly expressed in HCC cells, and its knockdown suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells. Taken together, our findings revealed that CCDC137 might be used as a biomarker for immune infiltration and poor prognosis in HCC, which offered fresh insight on potential therapies for HCC.
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Wang P, Zhang Y, Deng L, Qu Z, Guo P, Liu L, Yu Z, Wang P, Liu N. The function and regulation network mechanism of circRNA in liver diseases. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:141. [PMID: 35361205 PMCID: PMC8973545 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA), a new type of endogenous non-coding RNA, is abundantly present in eukaryotic cells, and characterized as stable high conservation and tissue specific expression. It has been generated increasing attention because of their close association with the progress of diseases. The liver is the vital organ of humans, while it is prone to acute and chronic diseases due to the influence of multiple pathogenic factors. Moreover, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Overwhelming evidences indicate that some circRNAs are differentially expressed in liver diseases, such as, HCC, chronic hepatitis B, hepatic steatosis and hepatoblastoma tissues, etc. Additionally, these circRNAs are related to proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis of cell in liver diseases and act as oncogenic agents or suppressors, and linked to clinical manifestations. In this review, we briefly summarize the biogenesis, characterization and biological functions, recent detection and identification technologies of circRNA, and regulation network mechanism of circRNA in liver diseases, and discuss their potential values as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for liver diseases, especially on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 540001, People's Republic of China.,South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhuan Zhang
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lugang Deng
- South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Qu
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peisen Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 540001, People's Republic of China.,South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 540001, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China.,South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengli Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 540001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peixi Wang
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 540001, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China. .,South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China.
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Ho YJ, Chang J, Yeh KT, Gong Z, Lin YM, Lu JW. Prognostic and Clinical Implications of WNK Lysine Deficient Protein Kinase 1 Expression in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In Vivo 2021; 34:2631-2640. [PMID: 32871793 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly malignant form of cancer prevalent throughout the world; however, there is a pressing need for HCC biomarkers to facilitate prognosis and risk assessment. PATIENTS AND METHODS This paper reports on the potential prognostic value of WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 (WNK1) in cases of HCC. We analyzed the expression of WNK1 at the mRNA level using omics data from the UALCAN database. We then verified our findings through the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of various human cancer tissue as well as 59 HCC samples paired with corresponding normal tissues. The prognostic value of mRNA or protein expression by WNK1 was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Initial screening results revealed significantly higher WNK1 expression levels in HCC tissue compared to normal tissue. Verification using the paired HCC samples confirmed that the expression of WNK1 was indeed significantly higher in HCC tissue samples than in adjacent normal tissues. High WNK1 expression levels were significantly correlated with clinicopathological variables, including gender and histologic grade. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high WNK1 expression levels were associated with poor HCC prognosis. Finally, univariate and multivariate analysis identified WNK1 as a prognostic factor for TNM stage in cases of HCC. CONCLUSION In summary, WNK1 is overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels, and correlated with poor prognosis. Thus, WNK1 expression could potentially be used as a biomarker in HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Ho
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Qiu Y, Huang D, Sheng Y, Huang J, Li N, Zhang S, Hong Z, Yin X, Yan J. Deubiquitinating enzyme USP46 suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing MST1. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112646. [PMID: 34029571 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The deubiquitinating enzyme USP46 (ubiquitin-specific protease 46) is implicated in various cancers. However, its role and regulatory mechanism in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) are still unknown. In this study, we showed that USP46 is downregulated in HCC tissues and that low USP46 levels are associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. In functional experiments, overexpression of USP46 impaired proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells, whereas knockdown of USP46 enhanced cell proliferation and invasiveness in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that USP46 suppresses HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting YAP1. Ectopic expression of YAP1 rescued the inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis caused by USP46 overexpression. Mechanistically, USP46 promotes the degradation of YAP1 by increasing expression of MST1, and the increase in MST1 protein antagonizes YAP1 to suppress HCC progression. Finally, we demonstrated that USP46 stabilizes the MST1 protein by directly binding to it and decreasing its ubiquitination. Taken together, our results demonstrated that USP46 may be a novel tumor suppressor in HCC. Moreover, USP46 acts as a deubiquitinating enzyme of MST1 to potentiate MST1 kinase activity to suppress tumor growth and metastasis, indicating that USP46 activation may represent a potential treatment strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Yanling Sheng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Jinshi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Nuoya Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Zhengdong Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Xiangbao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
| | - Jinlong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
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Fu H, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Chen P. CSN1 facilitates proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by upregulating cyclin A2 expression. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:46. [PMID: 33200803 PMCID: PMC7705997 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 signalosome subunit 1 (CSN1) plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and regulates various cellular processes, such as the cell cycle and DNA repair. The CSN complex consists of eight subunits (CSN1 to CSN8) and regulates the tumorigenesis of a variety of tumor types. However, the exact role of CSN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The present study evaluated the expression and biological effects of CSN1 in HCC tissue samples and cell lines. CSN1 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissue and cell lines, compared with their normal counterparts. In patients with HCC, elevated CSN1 levels correlated with tumor size, tumor metastasis and tumor stage. Loss‑of‑function assays indicated that CSN1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration HCC cells. In addition, CSN1 promoted the expression of cyclin A2 in a ubiquitination‑independent manner. Lastly, xenograft experiments indicated that CSN1 promoted HCC tumor growth in vivo. The present study suggested that CSN1 inhibition could represent a potential approach for the prevention of HCC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangwei Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yida Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400020, P.R. China
| | - Junying Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Yang Y, Lin J, Guo S, Xue X, Wang Y, Qiu S, Cui J, Ma L, Zhang X, Wang J. RRM2 protects against ferroptosis and is a tumor biomarker for liver cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:587. [PMID: 33372599 PMCID: PMC7720568 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is the process of cell death triggered by lipid peroxides, and inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis leads to ferroptosis. Liver cancer progression is closely linked to ferroptosis suppression. However, the mechanism by which inhibition of GSH synthesis suppresses potential ferroptosis of liver cancer cells and whether ferroptosis-related liver cancer biomarkers have a promising diagnostic value remain unknown. Methods Ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) levels were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR), immunoblotting (IB) and immunochemistry (IHC). Cell viability and cell death were measured by a CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay and staining with SYTOX Green followed by flow cytometry, respectively. Metabolites were measured using the indicated kits. The Interaction between glutathione synthetase (GSS) and RRM2 was measured using immunofluorescence (IF), co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and the proximal ligation assay (PLA). The diagnostic value was analyzed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the indicated database. Results RRM2 showed specifically elevated levels in liver cancer and inhibited ferroptosis by stimulating GSH synthesis via GSS. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of RRM2 at the Threonine 33 residue (T33) was maintained at normal levels to block the RRM2–GSS interaction and therefore protected RRM2 and GSS from further proteasome degradation. However, under ferroptotic stress, RRM2 was dephosphorylated at T33, thus the RRM2–GSS interaction was promoted. This resulted in the translocation of RRM2 and GSS to the proteasome for simultaneous degradation. Clinically, serum RRM2 was significantly associated with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), albumin (ALB) and total bilirubin. The AUC-ROC for the combination of RRM2 with AFP was 0.947, with a sensitivity of 88.7% and a specificity of 97.0%, which indicates better diagnostic performance compared to either RRM2 or AFP alone. Conclusion RRM2 exerts an anti-ferroptotic role in liver cancer cells by sustaining GSH synthesis. Serum RRM2 will be useful as a biomarker to evaluate the degree to which ferroptosis is suppressed and improve diagnostic efficiency for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiafei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Susu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiangfei Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shiyu Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jiangtao Cui
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Tumors, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Tumors, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Chi X, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Lv L, Chen J, Yang F, Zhang X, Pan F, Cai Q. microR-505/heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biomark Med 2020; 14:981-996. [PMID: 32940078 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the expression of microRNA-505 (miR-505) and explore its clinical significance, biological function and mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Expression of miR-505 was measured in 128 paired HCC tissues and five cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). MTT assay, Transwell migration, invasion assays and apoptosis assay were performed to explore the functional role of miR-505. The target gene of miR-505 was assessed using the bioinformatics assay and the related signaling pathway was confirmed using western blot. Results: Expression of miR-505 in HCC serum and tissues were downregulated. The overexpression of miR-505 in HCC cells inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis, as well as enhanced cell apoptosis by directly downregulating heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (HNRNPM). The activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was suppressed by the overexpression of miR-505 but was promoted by the upregulation of HNRNPM. Conclusion: The results suggest that the regulation of miR-505/HNRNPM may be a novel strategy to improve the targeted therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Chi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Yongbiao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Lizhi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Qiucheng Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
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Gomaa SH, Abaza MM, Elattar HA, Amin GA, Elshahawy DM. Soluble cluster of differentiation 26/soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and glypican-3 are promising serum biomarkers for the early detection of Hepatitis C virus related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians. Arab J Gastroenterol 2020; 21:224-232. [PMID: 32891543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Many patients are diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the late stage when it is already untreatable. Therefore, there is an increased need for sensitive biomarkers to detect HCC at an earlier stage in high risk patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced cirrhosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of soluble cluster of differentiation 26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (sCD26/sDPP4) and glypican-3 (GPC3) as serum biomarkers for the early detection of HCV related HCC and compare it with that of the conventional tumor marker serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 80 participants, 30 patients diagnosed with HCV infection without HCC (HCV group), 30 patients diagnosed with HCV- related HCC (HCV group), and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). The serum levels of GPC3 and sCD26 were measured using specific enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) kits, whereas AFP levels were determined using chemiluminescence. RESULTS The serum levels of both sCD26 and GPC3 were found to be significantly higher in patients with early-stage HCC than in the HCV group, (1450 and 1.16 ng/mL, respectively). sCD26 at a cutoff value of > 1000 ng/ml, showed a high sensitivity (83.3%) and 63.3% specificity with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.811 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of (0.682-0.94). While, the combination of GPC3 and sCD26 exhibited the best diagnostic performance for early-stage-HCC because it increased the sensitivity and specificity (85% and 93.3% respectively), with an AUC of 0.986 and a 95% CI of (0.899-1.00) compared to sCD26 alone. CONCLUSION We conclude that serum sCD26 could be a sensitive biomarker for the early detection of HCC among HCV patients. Moreover, the combination of sCD26 and GPC3 increases both the sensitivity and specificity for the early detection of HCV related HCC compared with AFP and could help in the monitoring of HCC in high risk patients with HCV induced cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa H Gomaa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Abaza
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Elattar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Amin
- Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
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12
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Yao M, Sai W, Zheng W, Wang L, Dong Z, Yao D. Secretory Clusterin as a Novel Molecular-targeted Therapy for Inhibiting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3290-3301. [PMID: 31232234 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190624161158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although secretory clusterin (sCLU) plays a crucial role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) cells proliferation, Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR), metastasis and so on, its targeted effects and exact mechanism are still unknown. This review summarizes some new progress in sCLU as a molecular-targeted therapy in the treatment of HCC. METHODS A systematic review of the published English-language literature about sCLU and HCC has been performed using the PubMed and bibliographic databases. Some valuable studies on sCLU in HCC progression were searched for relevant articles with the keywords: HCC, diagnosis, MDR, as molecular-targeted in treatment, and so on. RESULTS The incidence of the positive rate of sCLU was significantly higher in HCC tissues as compared to the surrounding tissues at mRNA or protein level, gradually increasing with tumor-nodemetastasis staging (P<0.05). Also, the abnormal level of sCLU was related to poor differentiation degree, and considered as a useful marker for HCC diagnosis or independent prognosis for patients. Hepatic sCLU could be silenced at mRNA level by specific sCLU-shRNA or by OGX-011 to inhibit cancer cell proliferation with an increase in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, reversal MDR, alteration of cell migration or invasion behaviors, and a decrease in GSK-3β or AKT phosphorylation in vitro, as well as significant suppression of the xenograft growth by down-regulating β-catenin, p-GSK3β, and cyclinD1 expression in vivo. CONCLUSION Abnormal hepatic sCLU expression should not only be a new diagnostic biomarker but also a novel promising target for inhibiting HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenli Sai
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhizhen Dong
- Department of Diagnostics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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13
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Yang L, Xue H, Sun Y, Zhang L, Xue F, Ge R. CircularRNA-9119 protects hepatocellular carcinoma cells from apoptosis by intercepting miR-26a/JAK1/STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:605. [PMID: 32732872 PMCID: PMC7393165 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a more common malignancy than the majority of cancers and ranks second in the world’s top causes of cancer-related mortality. The objective of the study was to investigate and explain how circularRNA-9119 (circ9119) regulated the properties of HCC cell lines. Cancer cells isolated from HCC patients and HCC cell lines showed clearly upregulated expression of circ9119 and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) with decreased levels of miR-26a compared to healthy controls and normal hepatic cells. To determine the function of circ9119, circ9119 was silenced in HCC cells, resulting in significantly less proliferation of HCC cells and increasing apoptosis. Circ9119 silencing also resulted in the upregulation of miR-26a. Bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that circ9119 targeted miR-26a. Further studies revealed that miR-26a had the opposite effect on circ9119; the inhibition of miR-26a antagonized circ9119 silencing, leading to reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, while the ectopic overexpression of miR-26a impaired cell growth. Additionally, we found that the JAK1 3′-UTR was targeted by miR-26a; a decrease in the levels of JAK1 protein and mRNA followed transfection of a miR-26a mimic. Administration of the JAK1 inhibitor, baricitinib, caused the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and revealed an effect similar to that of circ9119 silencing on cell proliferation and apoptosis. These results showed that circ9119 could modulate apoptosis, and broadly, cell proliferation by competitively binding miR-26a, which targeted JAK1-STAT3, in HCC cell lines. This study is a novel description of circ9119 regulation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery II, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Hepatic Surgery II, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfu Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery II, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery II, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Hepatic Surgery II, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruiliang Ge
- Department of Hepatic Surgery II, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Lyu Z, Ma M, Xu Y, Wang X, Zhu Y, Ren W, Li T. Expression and prognostic significance of epithelial tissue-specific transcription factor ESE3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1334-1345. [PMID: 32347431 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelium-specific ETS 3 (ESE3) is down-regulated frequently in several malignancies and involved in carcinogenesis and progression. However, ESE3 expression pattern and its relationship with clinical features and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still largely unknown. METHODS ESE3 expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting in HCC cell lines, and then, it was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in HCC tissues and peritumoral normal tissues from total 94 HCC patients. The relationship between ESE3 expression and clinical features was investigated to illustrate the potential prognostic value in HCC. ESE3 roles on HCC progression were evaluated in vitro and vivo by MTT assay and mice tumor model, respectively. RESULTS ESE3, mainly located in the cytoplasm, was remarkably down-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Low ESE3 expression was positively associated with tumor progression and metastasis features. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that low ESE3 expression contributed to poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (both p < 0.01) of patients, and maintained its prognostic value in predicting poor RFS and OS of "Early-stage" HCC patients regardless of clinical features being studied. Multivariate survival analysis was also identified ESE3 as an independent prognostic factor for RFS (p = 0.05 for marginal significance) and OS (p = 0.031). ESE3 expression restoration in cells led to a significant inhibition in HepG2 cell proliferation in vitro and vivo (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Down-regulated ESE3 expression in HCC tissues could serve as a potential therapeutic target against HCC and appears to be as a poor prognostic indicator for prognosis, especially in "Early-stage" HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhen Lyu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, 324#, Jing 5 Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Mingze Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, 324#, Jing 5 Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yantian Xu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, 324#, Jing 5 Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, 324#, Jing 5 Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, 324#, Jing 5 Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - WanHua Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, 324#, Jing 5 Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, 324#, Jing 5 Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
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15
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Sun JY, Zhang XY, Cao YZ, Zhou X, Gu J, Mu XX. Diagnostic and prognostic value of circular RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5438-5445. [PMID: 32281724 PMCID: PMC7214155 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignant tumour, which has posed a heavy health and financial burden worldwide. Due to limited symptoms at the early stage and the limitation in current biomarkers, HCC patients are usually diagnosed at the advanced stage with a pessimistic overall survival rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of single‐stranded RNAs characterized by a covalently closed loop structure without 3’‐ or 5’‐end. With advances in high‐throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics, accumulating studies have demonstrated the promotor or suppressor roles of circRNAs in the carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis of HCC. Moreover, circRNAs are characteristic of higher abundance, stability and conservation compared with linear RNAs. Therefore, circRNAs have emerged as one of the most promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC with reliable accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we briefly introduce the characteristics of circRNAs and summarize the roles of circRNAs in the biological procedures of HCC. Furthermore, we provide an overview on the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of circRNAs as biomarkers for patients with HCC. Finally, we discuss future perspectives of circRNAs in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Sparkfire Scientific Research Group, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Sparkfire Scientific Research Group, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Mu
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Hepatobiliary Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Sun J, Zhao Y, Qin L, Li K, Zhao Y, Sun H, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Metabolomic Profiles for HBV Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Including Alpha-Fetoproteins Positive and Negative Subtypes. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1069. [PMID: 31681602 PMCID: PMC6803550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very common globally prevalent cancer. Due to its poor clinical prognosis, increasing the diagnostic rate of HCC is urgently needed. Herein, we validate discovered metabolomic biomarkers to distinguish Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negative (AFP–) and positive (AFP+) individuals. Methods: We recruited 130 HCC subjects (independent case-control, randomized clinical cohorts) to our study. We separated the subjects randomly into two panels: (1) 58 individuals for the discovery panel; and (2) 72 individuals for the validation panel. For each panel, gender and age-matched hepatitis B group (HBG) and healthy group were included as controls. Plasma samples were collected for metabolic profiling by liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry—based metabolomics assays. We applied both non-targeted metabolomics analyses and targeted metabolomics analyses. Significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) were identified. The power of SCMs to discriminate HCC and HBG or healthy group was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: Ten SCMs were selected form the discovery panel, and further verified in the validation panel. ROC analyses indicated that 1 SCMs (LysoPC (24:0)) could discriminate HCC from HBG (AUC = 0.765). Further, 8 SCMs including (LysoPC (17:0), LysoPC (20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), LysoPC (22:0), LysoPC (24:0), PE (P-16:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), SM (d18:1/22:1(13Z)), Creatinine, and L-Isoleucine) displayed a heightened ability to discriminate between HCC and healthy controls (AUC were more than 0.800). Most of these SCMs were important in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: LysoPC (24:0) could distinguished HCC from HBG, and 8 SCMs distinguished HCC from healthy controls. LysoPC and other metabolites have the potential to serve as non-invasive biomarkers for HBV related AFP– and AFP+ HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sun
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanqin Sun
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Han J, Han ML, Xing H, Li ZL, Yuan DY, Wu H, Zhang H, Wang MD, Li C, Liang L, Song YY, Xu AJ, Wu MC, Shen F, Xie Y, Yang T. Tissue and serum metabolomic phenotyping for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1741-1753. [PMID: 31361910 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than two-thirds of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cannot receive curative therapy and have poor survival due to late diagnosis and few prognostic directions. In our study, nontargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses were conducted by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize metabolic features of HCC and identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarker candidate incorporating liver tissue and serum metabolites. A total of 552 subjects, including 432 with liver tissue and 120 with serum specimens, were recruited in China. In the discovery cohort, a series of 138 metabolites were identified to discriminate HCC tissues from matched nontumor tissues. Retinol presented with the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.991 and associated with Edmondson grade. In the validation cohort, all metabolites in retinol metabolism pathway were examined and the levels of retinol and retinal in tumor tissue and serum decreased in the order of normal to cirrhosis to HCC of Edmondson Grades I to IV. Retinol and retinal levels could also differentiate between HCC and cirrhosis, with AUCs of 0.996 and 0.994, respectively, in tissue and 0.812 and 0.744, respectively, in serum. The AUC of the combined retinol and retinal panel in serum was 0.852. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression identified this panel as an independent predictor for HCC and showed that low expression of retinol and retinal correlated with decreased survival time. In conclusion, the retinol metabolic signature had considerable diagnostic and prognostic value for identifying HCC patients who would benefit from prompt therapy and optimal prognostic direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Lu Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Li Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Yi Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-da Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Jing Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Qiu L, Xu H, Ji M, Shang D, Lu Z, Wu Y, Tu Z, Liu H. Circular RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Biomarkers, functions and mechanisms. Life Sci 2019; 231:116660. [PMID: 31319086 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer-related death with high invasive and metastatic potential, has a low survival rate. To improve the survival and quality of life in HCC patients, it is urgently needed to explore novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, as well as therapeutic strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of highly conserved, stable and abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that can regulate gene expression at transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. Recently, some circRNAs are identified to be potential biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, some circRNAs are found to play oncogenic or suppressive roles in HCC progression by regulating various biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as apoptosis. In this review, we summarize recent findings of deregulated circRNAs, their functions and molecular mechanisms in HCC, and discuss their potential roles as diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Han Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Mengchen Ji
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yihang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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19
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Zhang R, Wang C, Tian Y, Yao Y, Mao J, Wang H, Li Z, Xu Y, Ye M, Wang L. SIRT5 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating Mitochondrial Apoptosis. J Cancer 2019; 10:3871-3882. [PMID: 31333804 PMCID: PMC6636294 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT5 belongs to a family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylases called sirtuins. Although accumulating evidence indicates SIRT5 upregulation in cancers, including liver cancer, the detailed roles and mechanisms remain to be revealed. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide, and finding effective targets for HCC treatment and prevention is urgently needed. In the present study, we confirmed that mitochondrial sirtuins, particularly SIRT5, are more highly expressed in HCC cell lines than in normal liver cell lines. Moreover, SIRT5 knockdown suppresses HCC cell proliferation and SIRT5 overexpression promotes HCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, we verified that SIRT5 knockdown increases HCC cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. By co-IP and western blotting, we illustrated that SIRT5 deacetylates cytochrome c thus regulating HCC cell apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that SIRT5 may function as a prognostic factor and drug target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixin Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chengye Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiakai Mao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Zhenghan Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yakun Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, NO.467, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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20
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Li S, Li N, Chen Y, Zhang B, Qu C, Ding H, Huang J, Dai M. Direct comparison of five serum biomarkers in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1947-1958. [PMID: 30022853 PMCID: PMC6044429 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s167036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although a number of serum biomarkers for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been explored, their exact diagnostic value remains unclear. We aimed to conduct a direct comparison of five representative serum biomarkers for detecting HCC and to derive multi-marker prediction algorithms. Patients and methods In total, 846 patients were recruited from three hospitals in China, including 202 HCC patients, 226 liver cirrhosis patients, 215 chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients, and 203 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP), squamous cell carcinoma antigen, and centromere protein F autoantibody were measured by ELISA. The diagnostic performances of individual biomarkers and multi-marker combinations were evaluated by receiver operating characteristics analysis. The bootstrapping method was adopted to adjust for potential overfitting of all diagnostic indicators. Results DCP exhibited the best diagnostic performance, with areas under the curve (AUC) for detecting HCC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.64–0.80) and sensitivity of 65.2% (95% CI 63.3–82.1%) at 90% specificity. Of note, DCP showed similar diagnostic efficacy for detecting AFP-positive and AFP-negative HCC. After a comprehensive search for multi-marker combinations, a two-marker prediction algorithm including AFP and DCP was constructed and yielded an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.68–0.84) for detecting HCC. In addition, the combination showed good ability in discriminating early-stage HCC and decompensated liver cirrhosis, with an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.75–0.86). Conclusion DCP could be a complementary biomarker in the early diagnosis of HCC. The constructed multi-marker prediction algorithms could contribute toward distinguishing HCC from non-malignant chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Chen
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Yue Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, .,Office of Scientific Research, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China,
| | - Ni Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, Beijing You' An Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China,
| | - Chunfeng Qu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, Beijing You' An Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China, .,National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China,
| | - Min Dai
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
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21
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Dai M, Li S, Qin X. Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed: a long noncoding RNA with an imperative role in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3755-3763. [PMID: 29988699 PMCID: PMC6029599 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s162754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), as a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), has attracted increasing attention in recent years and has been documented to be at abnormally high expression in various types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. It could not only be used as a clinical biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation in a variety of cancers but also promote the development and progress of various tumor cells. Moreover, it is involved in the targeting regulation of multiple microRNAs and the activation/inhibition of multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we presented a systematic summary of the potential carcinogenicity and clinical value of CRNDE in the current evidence, so as to provide reference for early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and targeted therapy of various clinical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China,
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China,
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China,
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22
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Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma into the Transverse Colon. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 50:644-646. [PMID: 29611036 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Liu H, Hu J, Pan H, Luo D, Huang M, Xu W. CSN5 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by SCARA5 Inhibition Through Suppressing β-Catenin Ubiquitination. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:155-165. [PMID: 29189991 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has suggested that E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CSN5 is a newly characterized oncogene involved in various types of cancer. Scavenger receptor class A member 5 (SCARA5) is an important regulator of biological processes in cancer cells. However, the roles and relationship of CSN5 and SCARA5 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. METHODS We used RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry to measure CSN5 and SCARA5 expression in HCC tissues and corresponding non-tumor tissues. The CSN5 gene was overexpressed or silenced with lentiviral vectors in HCC cells. Cell proliferation was measured using CCK8 assay. And, the cell migration and invasion were analyzed by transwell assay. RESULTS We found that the expressions of CSN5 and SCARA5 are inversely correlated in HCC tissues, and CSN5 expression levels were negatively correlated with the levels of SCARA5 in various HCC cells. Furthermore, we found that high level of CSN5 expression correlated closely with tumor TNM stage, tumor size, and venous metastasis, but low level of SCARA5 expression correlated closely with tumor TNM stage, tumor size, and venous metastasis. Additionally, survival of patients with lower expression of CNS5 was significantly better than that of higher expression group, but the survival of patients with higher expression of SCARA5 was significantly better than that of lower expression group. Moreover, knockdown of CSN5 increased SCARA5 expression and inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that CSN5 regulated SCARA5 expression by modulating β-catenin. Mechanistically, our results indicate that CSN5 can decrease β-catenin ubiquitination to enhance the protein expression of SCARA5 in HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified CSN5 as a critical oncoprotein involved in progression of HCC cells, which could serve as a potential therapeutic target in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Min De Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Junwen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Min De Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 128 Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Min De Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dilai Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Min De Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mingwen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Min De Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Min De Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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