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Bougrine H, Chalghaf N, Azaiez C, Hammad AS, Boussayala G, Dhahri M, Henchiri H, Al-Saedi AIAU, Al-Hayali MDA, AL-Rubaiawi AWMS, Ezzi AFT, AL-Sadoon NMN, Souissi N, Azaiez F, Dergaa I, Al-Asmakh M. The impact of intermittent fasting during Ramadan on psychomotor and cognitive skills in adolescent athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1362066. [PMID: 38903387 PMCID: PMC11188329 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1362066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intermittent fasting (IF) represents a dietary intervention similar to caloric restriction, characterized by the strategic limitation of food consumption. Among the diverse array of practices for IF, Ramadan IF (RIF), a religious observance in Islam, mandates that healthy adult Muslims abstain from both food and drinks during daylight hours. In sports, researchers have extensively studied IF effects on health, including sleep and physical performance, but its impact on cognitive functions during RIF remains understudied. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of RIF on psychomotor and cognitive performance among young female athletes. Methods To achieve this purpose, a cohort of 23 female handball players, aged 17.2 ± 0.5 years, participated in a series of six testing sessions: one conducted prior to Ramadan (R0), and others during the first (R1), second (R2), third (R3), and fourth (R4) weeks of Ramadan, followed by a session in the week after Ramadan (R5). Each session involved assessments using a Simple Reaction Time Test (SRT), Choice Reaction Time Test (CRT), Vigilance Test (VT), and Mental Rotation Test (MRT). Additionally, dietary intake, body composition, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were evaluated during these periods. Results and discussion The obtained data illustrated that there was a decrease in SRT, CRT, VT, and MRT performances during R1 in comparison to R0 (all p < .001). This reduction was also observed in R2, R3, R4, and R5. Notably, during the fourth week of Ramadan (R4), these cognitive and psychomotor parameters were significantly lower than during the earlier weeks (R1, R2, R3; all p < .001). Furthermore, a gradual decrease in total PSQI scores, sleep quality, and sleep duration was observed throughout the Ramadan period, reaching the lowest levels during R4. These findings illustrate that RIF has a significantly detrimental impact on neuromuscular and cognitive abilities as well as sleep quality in young female athletes. The study also highlights a fluctuating pattern in cognitive function across the four weeks of Ramadan, with the most pronounced decline observed during the final week of fasting illustrating the importance of conducting similar studies on normal individuals from both genders with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nasr Chalghaf
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chiraz Azaiez
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Sociological Research Group on Contemporary Societies (GRESCO), University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Ayat S Hammad
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghada Boussayala
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moez Dhahri
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Henchiri
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ibrahim Abd Ulwahid Al-Saedi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Education in the Province of Maysan, Amarah, Iraq
| | - Mazin Dawood Ahmed Al-Hayali
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Ahmed Farooq Tawfeeq Ezzi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Aliraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nabee Muttlak Nasser AL-Sadoon
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Training and Qualification Directorate, Ministry of Interior, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fairouz Azaiez
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Bougrine H, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Belgacem A, Salem A, Chtourou H, Jahrami H, Souissi N. The effect of last meal "Suhoor" timing on diurnal variations in cognitive performance during Ramadan fasting among female athletes. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1373799. [PMID: 38694225 PMCID: PMC11061406 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1373799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the timing of the last meal, "Suhoor", on diurnal variation in cognitive performance during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). In a randomized order, 26 adolescent female athletes (aged 15.9 ± 0.9 y) were tested in three sessions at 7:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., and 5:00 p.m. across four different conditions: the 10 days preceding Ramadan (PR); the final 12 days of Ramadan (RO): two different conditions: Early Suhoor (SEarly), and Late Suhoor (SLate); and, ultimately, the 10 days immediately after Ramadan (AR) with an in-between recovery period of ≥24 h. During each test session, the oral temperature (OT), simple reaction time test (SRT), choice reaction time test (CRT), attention test (ATT), and mental rotation test (MRT) were evaluated. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and daily diary intake were assessed across the three periods. Compared to PR, the sleep parameters assessed by the PSQI were significantly lower during the RO and AR periods. However, neither total dietary intake nor OT showed any changes due to RIF. Compared to PR, the afternoon performances of SRT, CRT, ATT, and MRT significantly declined under both the SEarly and SLate conditions. Notably, midday performance decreased only during SLate, while morning performance remained unaffected in both conditions. Additionally, compared to SEarly, these performances were better during SLate in the afternoon and at midday. In summary, nutrient intake timing had a significant effect on the diurnal fluctuations in cognitive functions during Ramadan fasting, particularly around noon and in the afternoon. Our results illustrate the benefits of a late last meal (Suhoor) in preserving optimal morning cognitive abilities and preventing any impairment during the fasted state at midday or in the afternoon, which could affect overall athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Gafsa, Gafsa University, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), Faculty of Sport Sciences (UFR STAPS), Paris Lumières University (UPL), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Belgacem
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (EM2S), LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Atef Salem
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba, Tunisia
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boukhris O, Boujelbane MA, Clark C, Romdhani M, Washif JA, Aziz AR, Bragazzi NL, Glenn JM, Chamari K, Chtourou H, Jahrami H. Ramadan intermittent fasting and its association with health-related indices and exercise test performance in athletes and physically active individuals: an overview of systematic reviews. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:136-143. [PMID: 37923379 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review, summarise and appraise findings of published systematic reviews, with/without meta-analyses, examining associations between Ramadan fasting observance (RO), health-related indices and exercise test performances in athletes and physically active individuals. DESIGN Overview of systematic reviews with assessment of reviews' methodological quality. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SciELO. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Systematic reviews with/without meta-analyses examining associations of RO with health-related indices and exercise performances in athletes and physically active individuals. RESULTS Fourteen systematic reviews (seven with meta-analyses) of observational studies, with low-to-critically-low methodological quality, were included. Two reviews found associations between RO and decreased sleep duration in athletes and physically active individuals. One review suggested athletes may experience more pronounced reductions in sleep duration than physically active individuals. One review found associations between RO and impaired sleep quality in athletes and physically active individuals. RO was associated with decreased energy, carbohydrate and water intake in adult-aged athletes, but not adolescents. One review suggests RO was associated with athletes' increased feelings of fatigue and decreased vigour. No association was found between RO and athletes' lean mass or haematological indices. RO was unfavourably associated with changes in athletes' performance during high-intensity exercise testing. CONCLUSION Continuance of training during RO could be associated with athletes' mood state disturbances, decreased sleep duration and performance decline during high-intensity exercise testing, while preserving lean mass. However, careful interpretation is necessary due to the low-to-critically-low methodological quality of the included reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cain Clark
- Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Karim Chamari
- ISSEP Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
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Brini S, Ardigò LP, Clemente FM, Raya-González J, Kurtz JA, Casazza GA, Castagna C, Bouassida A, Nobari H. Increased game frequency period crossing Ramadan intermittent fasting decreases fat mass, sleep duration, and recovery in male professional basketball players. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16507. [PMID: 38077421 PMCID: PMC10702331 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased basketball game frequency may affect athlete performances, especially during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). The objective of the present investigation was to assess the impacts of increased game frequency periods crossing the RIF on body composition, sleep habits, indices of well-being, recovery state, and dietary intake in professional male basketball players. Methods Twenty-eight professional basketball players participated in this study and were divided into increased-games-frequency (INCR) or normal-games-frequency (NORM) groups. INCR trained four times and completed two games per week, whereas NORM completed only one game per week. During the first and fourth weeks of RIF, the following variables were assessed: internal load (weekly session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), heartrate (HR)), dietary intake, body composition, sleep quality (PSQI survey), well-being indices questionnaire (sleep, fatigue, stress, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)), and recovery state with the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) questionnaire. Results The internal load significantly increased after 4 weeks of RIF in INCR compared to NORM (p < 0.001). Significant decrease of TQR, sleep duration, and a significant increase of DOMS only for INCR (26.93%, p < 0.001, ES = 0.48, small; 33.83%, p < 0.001, ES = 0.40, small; 161.17%, p < 0.001, ES = 0.32, small; respectively). Significant group × time interaction was observed for body mass (p = 0.006, ES = 0.46, small) and body fat percentage (p = 0.025, ES = 0.33, small), with INCR having a greater decrease in all these values. Conclusion Increased game frequency period crossing RIF decreases fat mass, sleep duration, and recovery in professional basketball players, which may consequently affect performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seifeddine Brini
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
- Delegação da Covilhã, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Jennifer A. Kurtz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Carlo Castagna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
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Bougrine H, Salem A, Nasser N, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Ramadan Fasting and Short-Term Maximal Physical Performance: Searching for Optimal Timing of the Last Meal "Suhoor" in Female Pre-University Handball Players. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2160-2178. [PMID: 37887153 PMCID: PMC10606875 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to identify the ideal suhoor timing for maintaining optimal physical performance and health indicators during Ramadan intermittent fasting, the present study compares the effects of early vs. late Suhoor on short-term high-intensity physical exercise while controlling the body mass index (BMI) oral temperature (OT), dietary intake, and sleep patterns. In a randomized design, 19 female pre-university handball players (age: 16.8 ± 0.4 y; height: 1.70 ± 0.9 m; and body mass: 61.5 ± 6.9 kg) underwent two test sessions (at 08:00 a.m. and 05:00 p.m.) at four different conditions: ten days prior to Ramadan (R - 10), the final ten days of Ramadan (R) including both Early Suhoor R(ES) and Late Suhoor R(LS) conditions, and the ten days immediately following Ramadan (R + 10). A recovery period of at least 48 h has been set between successive test sessions at each period. Outcome measures included the Countermovement Jumps Test (CMJ), Modified Agility t-Test (MATT), Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA), and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), OT, BMI, and daily diary intake were assessed across the three periods. The total scores of PSQI decreased significantly during R and R + 10 compared to R - 10. When performed in the afternoon, CMJ, MATT, and RSA performance decreased significantly at R(ES) and R(LS) conditions compared to R - 10. However, these performances decreased only after R(ES) when performed in the morning. Furthermore, performances were lower during R(ES) compared to R(LS) in the afternoon for all tests and the morning for MATT and RSA tests. These findings support prior research showing a deterioration of physical performance during Ramadan fasting and indicate a more pronounced impact following early Suhoor condition. Therefore, consuming a late suhoor, closer to pre-dawn time, could be suggested as an effective strategy to minimize physical performance decline during short-term high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Gafsa, Gafsa University, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Atef Salem
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nidhal Nasser
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba 2010, Tunisia
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Khemila S, Romdhani M, Farjallah MA, Abid R, Bentouati E, Souissi MA, Abedelmalek S, Garbarino S, Souissi N. Effects of Ramadan fasting on the diurnal variations of physical and cognitive performances at rest and after exercise in professional football players. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1148845. [PMID: 37057155 PMCID: PMC10086192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionRamadan fasting (RF) is characterized by daily abstinence from food and fluid intake from dawn to sunset. The understanding of the Ramadan effects on the diurnal variations of athletic and cognitive performance is crucial for practitioners, coach and researchers to prepare sport events and optimize performance. The aim of the present study was to reveal the effects of RF on the diurnal variation of physical and cognitive performances at rest and after exercise.MethodIn a randomized order, 11 male football players (age: 19.27 ± 0.9; height: 1.79 ± 0.04 cm; body mass: 70.49 ± 3.97 kg; BMI: 21.81 ± 1.59 kg/m2) completed a 30-s Wingate test [i.e., mean (MP) and peak powers (PP)] at 07:00, 17:00, and 21:00 h on five occasions: 1 week before Ramadan (BR); the second (R2); the third (R3); the fourth (R4) week of Ramadan; and 2 weeks after Ramadan (AR), with an in-between recovery period of ≥72 h. Simple (SRT) and choice (CRT) reaction times, mental rotation test (MRT) and selective attention (SA) test were measured before and after Wingate test. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), body composition, dietary intake, profile of mood states (POMS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were assessed over the five periods.ResultsCompared to BR, RF decreased MP at 17:00 h (p < 0.05, d = 1.18; p < 0.001, d = 2.21, respectively) and PP at 17:00 h (p < 0.05, d = 1.14; p < 0.001, d = 1.77, respectively) and 21:00 h (p < 0.01, d = 1.30; p < 0.001, d = 2.05, respectively) at R3 and R4. SRT (p < 0.001,d = 1.15; d = 1.32, respectively), number of correct answers (MRTE; p < 0.05, d = 1.27; d = 1.38, respectively) and SA (p < 0.01, d = 1.32; d = 1.64, respectively) increased during R2 and R3 in the evening before exercise compared to BR. Short term maximal exercise enhanced SRT (p < 0.01, d = 1.15; p < 0.001, d = 1.35, respectively), MRTE (p < 0.001, d = 2.01; d = 2.75 respectively) and SA (p < 0.05, d = 0.68; d = 1.18, respectively) during R2 and R3 in the evening. In comparison to BR, sleep latency and sleep duration increased during R3 (p < 0.001, d = 1.29; d = 1.74, respectively) and R4 (p < 0.001, d = 1.78; d = 2.19, respectively) and sleep quality increased in R2, R3 and R4 (p < 0.01, d = 1.60; p < 0.001, d = 1.93; d = 2.03, respectively).ConclusionDuring RF, anaerobic and cognitive performances were unaffected in the morning but were impaired in the afternoon and evening. Short-term maximal exercise mitigates the negative effects of fasting on cognitive performance. Maximal exercise could thus partially counteract the effect of fasting on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Khemila
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- Motricité-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR4334, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Farjallah
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hypoxie et Poumon, H&P, INSERM, Bobigny, France
- Département STAPS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Rihab Abid
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Emna Bentouati
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sergio Garbarino,
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
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Lew PCF, Parsons-Smith RL, Lamont-Mills A, Terry PC. Cross-Cultural Validation of the Malaysian Mood Scale and Tests of Between-Group Mood Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3348. [PMID: 36834041 PMCID: PMC9959200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mood measures have been shown to have utility for monitoring risks to mental health and to predict performance among athletes. To facilitate use in a Malaysian context, we tested a Malay-language version of the 24-item Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), referred to as the Malaysian Mood Scale (MASMS). Following a thorough translation-back-translation process, the 24-item MASMS was administered to 4923 Malay-speaking respondents (2706 males, 2217 females; 2559 athletes, 2364 non-athletes), ranging in age from 17 to 75 years (M = 28.2 years, SD = 9.4 years). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the six-factor MASMS measurement model (CFI = 0.950, TLI = 0.940, RMSEA = 0.056 [CI 0.055, 0.058]). Convergent and divergent validity of the MASMS were supported via relationships with depression, anxiety, and stress measures. Significant differences in mood scores were found between athletes and non-athletes, males and females, and younger and older participants. Tables of normative data and profile sheets for specific groups were generated. We propose that the MASMS is a valid measure that can be used to monitor mental health status among athletes and non-athletes and that facilitates future mood-related research in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chun Foong Lew
- Sport Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Renée L. Parsons-Smith
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Pearson Online Learning Services, Pearson, Melbourne, VIC 3008, Australia
| | - Andrea Lamont-Mills
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Academic Affairs Division, Ipswich Campus, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
| | - Peter C. Terry
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Graduate Research School, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
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