1
|
Bao Z, Frewen P. Sense of self in mind and body: an eLORETA-EEG study. Neurosci Conscious 2022; 2022:niac017. [PMID: 36530551 PMCID: PMC9748806 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain engages the sense of self through both semantic and somatic self-referential processing (SRP). Alpha and theta oscillations have been found to underlie SRP but have not been compared with respect to semantic and somatic SRP. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from 50 participants during focused internal attention on life roles (e.g. "friend") and outer body (e.g. "arms") compared to resting state and an external attention memory task and localized the sources of on-scalp alpha (8-12 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) EEG signals with exact low-resolution tomography. Logarithm of F-ratios was calculated to compare differences in alpha and theta power between SRP conditions, resting state, and external attention. Results indicated that compared to resting state, semantic SRP induced lower theta in the frontal cortex and higher theta in the parietal cortex, whereas somatic SRP induced lower alpha in the frontal and insula cortex and higher alpha in the parietal cortex. Furthermore, results indicated that compared to external attention, both semantic and somatic SRP induced higher alpha in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with lateralized patterns based on task condition. Finally, an analysis directly comparing semantic and somatic SRP indicated frontal-parietal and left-right lateralization of SRP in the brain. Our results suggest the alpha and theta oscillations in the frontal, parietal, and the insula cortex may play crucial roles in semantic and somatic SRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Frewen
- *Correspondence address. Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 339 Windermere Rd., London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada. Tel: +519 685 8500 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hua J, Wolff A, Zhang J, Yao L, Zang Y, Luo J, Ge X, Liu C, Northoff G. Alpha and theta peak frequency track on- and off-thoughts. Commun Biol 2022; 5:209. [PMID: 35256748 PMCID: PMC8901672 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our thoughts are highly dynamic in their contents. At some points, our thoughts are related to external stimuli or tasks focusing on single content (on-single thoughts), While in other moments, they are drifting away with multiple simultaneous items as contents (off-multiple thoughts). Can such thought dynamics be tracked by corresponding neurodynamics? To address this question, here we track thought dynamics during post-stimulus periods by electroencephalogram (EEG) neurodynamics of alpha and theta peak frequency which, as based on the phase angle, must be distinguished from non-phase-based alpha and theta power. We show how, on the psychological level, on-off thoughts are highly predictive of single-multiple thought contents, respectively. Using EEG, on-single and off-multiple thoughts are mediated by opposite changes in the time courses of alpha (high in on-single but low in off-multiple thoughts) and theta (low in on-single but high in off-multiple thoughts) peak frequencies. In contrast, they cannot be distinguished by frequency power. Overall, these findings provide insight into how alpha and theta peak frequency with their phase-related processes track on- and off-thoughts dynamically. In short, neurodynamics track thought dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Hua
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Annemarie Wolff
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, and the MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufeng Zang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,TMS center, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal university, Deqing 313200, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianliang Ge
- Center for Psychological Sciences at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Georg Northoff
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoffman L. Evolution of a "Classic" Psychoanalytic Institute: Escape From Rome. Psychoanal Rev 2021; 108:97-120. [PMID: 33617338 DOI: 10.1521/prev.2021.108.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The author describes the evolution of theory and practice at the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute. The core concepts at the Institute have included the importance of unconscious fantasy, conflict and compromise theory, transference and countertransference, and defense analysis. In recent years, a variety of contemporary analytic theories have been incorporated into the theory and practice of the Institute. The importance of systematized research to theory development and practice is stressed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Matsuoka T, Shimode T, Ota T, Matsuo K. Event-Related Alpha-Band Power Changes During Self-reflection and Working Memory Tasks in Healthy Individuals. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:570279. [PMID: 33568977 PMCID: PMC7868427 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.570279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional attentional control is observed in patients with mental disorders. However, there is no established neurophysiological method to assess attention in such patients. We showed a discrepancy in alpha-band power in the tasks that evoked internal and external attention event-related alpha-band power changes in healthy subjects during self-reflection (SR) and working memory (WM) tasks in a preliminary study. In this study, we aimed at elucidating event-related alpha-band power changes in healthy subjects during the tasks, addressing the shortcomings of the previous study. Sixteen healthy volunteers were examined for the event-related power (ERpow) change during the tasks. The results demonstrated the discrepancy of alpha-band ERpow at 8, 10, and 12 Hz in the parieto-occipital area between the WM and SR tasks for a period between a target stimulus and a command stimulus, where a participant switched to internal attention from external attention according to the SR task and remained at external attention according to the WM task. The results suggest that alpha-band ERpow in this area is associated with the direction of attention in response to cognitive stimuli, indicating that the findings of ERpow during the two tasks would potentially aid in the clarification of the pathophysiology of the dysfunctional change in attention in patients with psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaki Shimode
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshio Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Groot JM, Boayue NM, Csifcsák G, Boekel W, Huster R, Forstmann BU, Mittner M. Probing the neural signature of mind wandering with simultaneous fMRI-EEG and pupillometry. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117412. [PMID: 33011417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind wandering reflects the shift in attentional focus from task-related cognition driven by external stimuli toward self-generated and internally-oriented thought processes. Although such task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) are pervasive and detrimental to task performance, their underlying neural mechanisms are only modestly understood. To investigate TUTs with high spatial and temporal precision, we simultaneously measured fMRI, EEG, and pupillometry in healthy adults while they performed a sustained attention task with experience sampling probes. Features of interest were extracted from each modality at the single-trial level and fed to a support vector machine that was trained on the probe responses. Compared to task-focused attention, the neural signature of TUTs was characterized by weaker activity in the default mode network but elevated activity in its anticorrelated network, stronger functional coupling between these networks, widespread increase in alpha, theta, delta, but not beta, frequency power, predominantly reduced amplitudes of late, but not early, event-related potentials, and larger baseline pupil size. Particularly, information contained in dynamic interactions between large-scale cortical networks was predictive of transient changes in attentional focus above other modalities. Together, our results provide insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of TUTs and the neural markers that may facilitate their detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Groot
- Department of Psychology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nya M Boayue
- Department of Psychology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gábor Csifcsák
- Department of Psychology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Wouter Boekel
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René Huster
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Birte U Forstmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Mittner
- Department of Psychology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou ZW, Lan XQ, Fang YT, Gong Y, Zang YF, Luo H, Zhang H. The Inter-Regional Connectivity Within the Default Mode Network During the Attentional Processes of Internal Focus and External Focus: An fMRI Study of Continuous Finger Force Feedback. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2198. [PMID: 31616356 PMCID: PMC6775218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained attention involves two distinct processes, i.e., external focus and internal focus. Some recent neuroimaging studies employed the instruction of experimenters or the self-report from participants to generate the two attentional processes, and observed that the default mode network (DMN) was also responding to the external focus. These observations challenged the general view that the DMN accounts for the internally directed cognition, e.g., unfocused mind wandering, task independent-thoughts and internally focused events. Notably, the instruction or self-report may not effectively ensure the participants engage in the external focus/internal focus, and thus, the functional significance of the DMN for the externally focused process remains to be verified. In the present study, a new task paradigm, i.e., real/sham continuous feedback of finger force, was employed to generate the attentional process of external focus/internal focus, and the functional connectivity among the node regions of the DMN was further investigated in the two processes respectively. We found that two regions of the DMN, posterior cingulate cortex and left inferior parietal cortex/angular gyrus showed stronger inter-regional connectivity in the externally focused process than it in the internally focused process. Intriguingly, this functional connectivity was closely related to the behavioral performance in the process of external focus. These findings implicated that the functional significance of the DMN in sustained attention was more than responding to the internally directed cognition, and the task paradigm of continuous finger force feedback could benefit for the future studies on the externally focused/internally focused process of sustained attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia-Qing Lan
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Tong Fang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Gong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zang
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|