1
|
Kokoszyński D, Żochowska-Kujawska J, Kotowicz M, Piątek H, Włodarczyk K, Arpášová H, Biesiada-Drzazga B, Wegner M, Saleh M, Imański M. The Effects of Slaughter Age and Sex on Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, and Leg Bone Characteristics of Farmed Common Pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus L.). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1050. [PMID: 38612289 PMCID: PMC11010805 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of slaughter age and sex on the carcass characteristics, meat quality parameters, and leg bone dimensions of common pheasants. The study material consisted of 40 common pheasants, including 10 males and 10 females at 12 weeks of age and 10 males and 10 females at 15 weeks of age. The birds were kept on a farm in a semi-intensive system. The slaughter age had significant effects on the eviscerated carcass weight; the percentage of skin with subcutaneous fat; the wings percentage; electrical conductivity (EC24); the work required to cut the samples (cutting work); redness (a*); the intramuscular fat content in the breast meat; and the protein, intramuscular fat, water, and collagen contents in the leg meat. The sex of the pheasants had significant effects on the eviscerated carcass weight; the contents of leg muscles, skin with subcutaneous fat, and wings in the carcasses; and the electrical conductivity, thermal loss, lightness (L*), and redness (a*) of the breast muscles. It also significantly affected the protein and water contents of the pectoral and leg muscles, the intramuscular fat contents of the leg muscles, the texture traits of the pectoralis major muscle, and all femur and tibia bone dimensions. The results indicate a greater influence of sex compared to slaughter age on the pheasant traits studied. We confirmed the occurrence of a clearly marked sexual dimorphism in birds of this species. Both factors (slaughter age and gender) have significant effects on the nutritional and technological value of pheasant meat. The few studies on meat texture and the dimensions of pheasant leg bones indicate a need for continued research in this area in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Kokoszyński
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85084 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Żochowska-Kujawska
- Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71550 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ż.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Kotowicz
- Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71550 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ż.-K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hubert Piątek
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85084 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karol Włodarczyk
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology–State Research Institute, 02532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Henrieta Arpášová
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Biesiada-Drzazga
- Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Science and Humanities, 08110 Siedlce, Poland;
| | | | - Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Poultry Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Maciej Imański
- Animal Breeding Center, Polish Hunting Association, 88150 Rożniaty, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meira M, Afonso IM, Cruz R, Lopes JC, Martins RS, Domingues J, Ribeiro V, Dantas R, Casal S, Brito NV. Carcass Yields and Meat Composition of Roosters of the Portuguese Autochthonous Poultry Breeds: "Branca", "Amarela", "Pedrês Portuguesa", and "Preta Lusitânica". Foods 2023; 12:4020. [PMID: 37959139 PMCID: PMC10647523 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is an important part of the human diet, and the valorisation of autochthonous breeds is a determinant for the sustainability of the rural areas. The increasing demand for niche products demands for better knowledge of the carcass characteristics and meat quality of these local populations. The present study aims to characterise the roosters' meat from the "Branca" (BR), "Amarela" (AM), "Pedrês Portuguesa" (PP), and "Preta Lusitânica" (PL) breeds. A total of 80 birds (n = 20 per breed) between 38 and 42 weeks old were slaughtered. The physicochemical and nutritional composition were determined in the breast and drumstick meat. The meat of the PL breed had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) pH value, the AM meat revealed a water-holding capacity (WHC) of superior value and moisture content (p ≤ 0.05), while the BR breed had the highest (p ≤ 0.05) ash content. On the other hand, it was observed that the PP meat had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) yellowness index (b*). The breast meat exhibited, in all breeds, a lower pH value, WHC, redness (a*), and lipid content and greater (p ≤ 0.05) lightness (L*), b*, moisture, and ash and protein contents compared to the drumstick. Furthermore, it presented higher (p ≤ 0.05) K, P, and Mg contents and a superior proportion of total and sensorial relevant amino acids. Regarding the fatty acid profile, the breed differences were more significant in the drumstick, with the AM breed lipids presenting a higher (p ≤ 0.05) percentage of MUFAs in the fat, a lower atherogenic index, and a higher (p ≤ 0.05) value for the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acids ratio, while the BR breed lipids presented a higher (p ≤ 0.05) percentage of PUFAs and PUFAs/SFAs ratio and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio. Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that the meat from these breeds is a wholesome dietary option, distinguished by a favourable overall nutritional composition marked by elevated protein content, reduced lipid amounts, and amino and fatty acid profiles with desirable nutritional indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Meira
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Isabel M. Afonso
- CISAS, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Rebeca Cruz
- Requimte—LAQV, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (R.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Júlio Cesar Lopes
- CISAS, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Raquel S. Martins
- Requimte—LAQV, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (R.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Jéssica Domingues
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Virgínia Ribeiro
- AMIBA—Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Rui Dantas
- AMIBA—Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Susana Casal
- Requimte—LAQV, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (R.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Nuno V. Brito
- CISAS, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.)
- AMIBA—Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU (Cooperativa Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário), CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tiemann I, Becker S, Fournier J, Damiran D, Büscher W, Hillemacher S. Differences among domestic chicken breeds in tonic immobility responses as a measure of fearfulness. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14703. [PMID: 37033722 PMCID: PMC10081456 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One priority for animal welfare is for animals to experience less fear, especially during human contact. For domestic animals, breeds that are less fearful may provide genetic resources to develop strains with improved welfare due to lower susceptibility to fear. Genetic predispositions inherited in these breeds might reflect the large diversity of chicken breeds. The goal of the present study was to systematically test a diverse group of chicken breeds to search for breeds that experience less fear. Methods Nineteen chicken breeds from commercial hybrid lines, native layer-type, meat-type and dual-purpose breeds, ornamental breeds as well as bantam breeds were tested in a standardized tonic immobility (TI) test. Chickens were manually restrained on their back, and the time to first head movement and first leg movement, the duration of TI, as well as the number of attempts needed to induce TI were measured. Results The TI response differed among chicken breeds (p ≤ 0.001) for naïve, mature hens. The median number of attempts required to induce TI ranged from 1 to 2 and did not differ significantly among breeds. Median durations were much more variable, with Lohmann Brown showing shortest durations (6 s, 12 s, 58 s for time to first head movement, first leg movement and total duration of TI, respectively). In contrast, medians reached the maximum of 600 s for all three measures in German Creepers. Repeated tests on the same individuals did not affect attempts needed to induce TI nor TI durations. Breeds clustered into two main groups, with layer-type native breeds and ornamental breeds having longer TI durations, and bantam, dual-purpose and meat-type native breeds having shorter TI durations. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence for substantial variation of fearfulness among breeds. This variation could be linked to the intended use during the breed's specific history. Knowledge and quantitative measurement of these behavioural responses provide the opportunity to improve welfare through selection and future breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Tiemann
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Senta Becker
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jocelyn Fournier
- Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daalkhaijav Damiran
- Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Büscher
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja Hillemacher
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Serva L, Marchesini G, Cullere M, Ricci R, Dalle Zotte A. Testing two NIRs instruments to predict chicken breast meat quality and exploiting machine learning approaches to discriminate among genotypes and presence of myopathies. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Portillo-Salgado R, Herrera-Haro JG, Bautista-Ortega J, Chay-Canul AJ, Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca J, Ortega-Cerrilla ME, Flota-Bañuelos C, Cigarroa-Vázquez FA. Effects of slaughter age and gender on carcase characteristics and meat quality of native Mexican Turkey ( M. g. gallopavo) reared under an extensive production system. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alfonso J. Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, México
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carcass and Meat Quality Traits of Males and Females of the " Branca" Portuguese Autochthonous Chicken Breed. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192640. [PMID: 36230381 PMCID: PMC9558546 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Local breeds play a crucial role in the rural economies of many countries, as a considerable valuable genetic resource and, well adapted to the environment, their production can reduce the negative impact of intensive production systems. Portuguese chicken breeds are almost extinct, with the “Branca” population presenting the most worrying situation. Bred as a dual-purpose breed, the characterization of meat quality is fundamental to the conservation and promotion of this population., by increasing the value on these small-scale farms production. The carcass characteristics and meat quality of the “Branca” breed were evaluated, showing an interesting physicochemical profile, with good proportion of minerals, essential fatty acids (EFA) and n-3-PUFAs (docosapentanoic (C22:5n-3, DPA), and docosahexaenoic (C22:6n-3, DHA) acids), ensuring that consumers receive a highly nutritional and differentiated product. Abstract The “Branca” breed is a dual-purpose Portuguese autochthonous chicken breed, produced in extensive systems and in small flocks, especially in the Entre Douro and Minho regions. A total of 40 birds (n = 20/sex) were slaughtered between 38 and 42 weeks (males) and 110 and 120 weeks (females), and carcass and meat quality parameters were evaluated. The results showed significantly higher weights and differences for males between sexes and pieces (p ≤ 0.05) in the meat physicochemical composition. Water holding capacity (WRC), moisture and ash contents were influenced by sex. They were higher in males in the breast and drumstick and lightness (L*) and lipid content were higher in females (p ≤ 0.05). The breast meat presented greater lightness, moisture, ash and protein contents, while the drumstick showed a higher pH value, redness (a*) and lipid content, in both sexes (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding the nutritional properties, “Branca” meat revealed a good proportion of minerals and the female meat showed, in both pieces (p ≤ 0.05), significantly lower values for total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and higher values for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Breast meat was richer in n-3-PUFAs (C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3) in both sexes (p ≤ 0.05). Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that “Branca” breed meat is a healthy food characterized by a good general nutritional profile.
Collapse
|
7
|
Afonso IM, Casal S, Lopes JC, Domingues J, Vale AP, Meira M, Marinho MC, Vaz PS, Brito NV. Chemical Composition of the “Galo de Barcelos” (Barcelos Rooster Raw Meat). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121556. [PMID: 35739892 PMCID: PMC9219545 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The assessment of traditional products is important for the sustainability of agricultural systems and the preservation of a unique gastronomic heritage. The present study aims to determine the chemical composition of “Galo de “Barcelos”” (“Barcelos” Rooster) raw meat, used in the preparation of the typical Portuguese dish “Roasted Rooster from “Barcelos””, in order to evaluate and protect this gastronomic and cultural tradition. The influence of the genotype on the final product was verified, concerning total protein, and fat contents, and a favorable ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids of the Sasso line was compared to the “Amarela” breed, contributing to the promotion of its gastronomic potential. Abstract Ten roosters produced according to “Barcelos Confraria” rules and ten roosters of autochthonous “Amarela” breed, reared on a similar traditional production system, were analyzed, and the chemical profile of two of the most significant meat portions, breast and drumstick, was determined. The results demonstrated that the “Barcelos” rooster raw meat is rich in proteins (22.3%) and fat (4.31%), particularly in monounsaturated fatty acids (39.1%). Significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed, with the breast having a higher protein content (25.1 vs. 19.7%) and less fat (1.9% vs. 6.7%), compared to the drumstick. The fatty acid profile revealed (SFA 30.0%, MUFA 39.1%, and PUFA 24.6%) a similar composition to the roosters reared in the traditional or organic production systems, such as the “Amarela” autochthonous rooster. The “Barcelos” rooster can be regarded as a highly nutritional meat, with an interesting chemical profile ensuring a high-quality traditional product to consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Maria Afonso
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4990-706 Refóios do Lima, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.); (A.P.V.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Júlio César Lopes
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4990-706 Refóios do Lima, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Jéssica Domingues
- Agrarian Higher School, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4990-706 Refóios do Lima, Portugal; (J.D.); (M.M.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Ana Paula Vale
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4990-706 Refóios do Lima, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Márcio Meira
- Agrarian Higher School, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4990-706 Refóios do Lima, Portugal; (J.D.); (M.M.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Conceição Marinho
- Agrarian Higher School, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4990-706 Refóios do Lima, Portugal; (J.D.); (M.M.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Pedro Santos Vaz
- Gastronomic Fraternity “O Galo de “Barcelos””, 4750-783 Barcelos, Portugal;
| | - Nuno V. Brito
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4990-706 Refóios do Lima, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.); (A.P.V.)
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-961766287
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bongiorno V, Schiavone A, Renna M, Sartore S, Soglia D, Sacchi P, Gariglio M, Castillo A, Mugnai C, Forte C, Bianchi C, Mioletti S, Gasco L, Biasato I, Brugiapaglia A, Sirri F, Zampiga M, Gai F, Marzoni M, Cerolini S, Dabbou S. Carcass Yields and Meat Composition of Male and Female Italian Slow-Growing Chicken Breeds: Bianca di Saluzzo and Bionda Piemontese. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030406. [PMID: 35158729 PMCID: PMC8833521 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bionda Piemontese and Bianca di Saluzzo are two slow growing breeds from northwest Italy, specifically from the Piedmont region. Their low input requirements make them suitable in organic and free-range rearing contexts for both meat and egg production. This research, part of a conservation program for these two breeds, aims to define the meat properties and qualitative attributes of these two breeds, comparing them at different slaughter ages in order to identify the most profitable slaughter period. The results show significant benefits associated with slaughtering at 7 months of age, which outperformed the shorter rearing periods in terms of both better slaughter performances and meat properties. Abstract The slaughter performance and meat quality of two native Italian chicken breeds, Bionda Piemontese (BP, n = 64) and Bianca di Saluzzo (BS, n = 64), were investigated. Two-way ANOVA, considering breed, sex, and their interaction, was used to compare the properties of birds slaughtered at 5, 6, 7, and 8 months of age. Subsequently, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Duncan test to evaluate the differences between slaughter ages. The BP breed produced a better carcass yield than BS at 5, 7, and 8 months of age (p < 0.05). Breast moisture and crude protein contents were influenced by gender, and were higher in males than in females (p < 0.05). By contrast, the crude fat content was higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The saturated fatty acid content of breast meat increased as the birds aged in both breeds (p < 0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of both breast and thigh meat was higher in males than in females (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). In general, slaughtering at 7 months was associated with the best slaughter and meat quality characteristics in both breeds. Moreover, from a nutritional point of view, the characteristics of the meat from male birds were preferable to those of meat from females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bongiorno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Annelisse Castillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Cecilia Mugnai
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Chiara Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (L.G.); (I.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (L.G.); (I.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Brugiapaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (L.G.); (I.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, BO, Italy; (F.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, BO, Italy; (F.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy;
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy;
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Castillo A, Gariglio M, Franzoni A, Soglia D, Sartore S, Buccioni A, Mannelli F, Cassandro M, Cendron F, Castellini C, Mancinelli AC, Iaffaldano N, Iorio MD, Marzoni M, Salvucci S, Cerolini S, Zaniboni L, Schiavone A. Overview of Native Chicken Breeds in Italy: Conservation Status and Rearing Systems in Use. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020490. [PMID: 33673395 PMCID: PMC7917728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ongoing loss of domestic animal breeds around the world is occurring at an alarming rate. Thus, the registration and preservation of native breeds is of great importance. The aim of this study, which forms part of a conservation program, was to provide an overview of the conservation statuses of native Italian poultry breeds being reared by local breeders in Italy. The data collected by means of a census questionnaire demonstrate the low population sizes of these breeds in Italy and highlight the need for campaigns aimed at publicizing and promoting the benefits of native breeds with the goal of increasing population sizes. Identifying strategies to facilitate breeders’ access to pure breed birds is also essential, and would require collaborative efforts of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. Abstract The most reared species of farm animal around the world is the chicken. However, the intensification of livestock systems has led to a gradual increase in the concentration of a limited number of breeds, resulting in substantial erosion to the genetic pool. The initial step of an ‘animal conservation program’ entails establishing the actual conservation statuses of the breeds concerned in a defined area; in this case, in Italy. To this end, a survey of breeds was performed by means of a census questionnaire divided into two parts. The first part collected information on breeds, breeders, housing facilities, and management aspects, the results of which are presented here. The second part of the questionnaire regarded chicken products and their markets, and these data will be reported in a second paper. The breed status of six chicken breeds was shown to be exceptionally worrying, with total numbers ranging from just 18 to 186 birds. Population sizes exceeding 1000 birds was identified for just four breeds, the maximum being 3400. Some improvements in status were noted in relation to breeds which had been the subject of conservation efforts in the past. The two most common breeds reported are the Bionda Piemontese, a double-purpose breed, and the Livorno egg-laying hen. Collo Nudo Italiano, Millefiori Piemontese, Pollo Trentino, and Tirolese chicken breeds and the Castano Precoce turkey breed were not listed by breeders at all. The most reported turkey breeds are the Bronzato Comune and the Ermellinato di Rovigo. The population sizes of native Italian poultry breeds were shown to be generally poor. Italian poultry farmers and the population at large are largely ignorant about indigenous poultry breeds. Thus, promoting the virtues of Italian breeds would help their conservation by encouraging breeders to rear these birds and consumers to buy their products. The identification of strategies to facilitate access to pure breed birds is essential, and will require the collaboration of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. The results presented in this paper constitute the initial part of a more complex conservation program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro Franzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Michele Di Iorio
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Salvucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luisa Zaniboni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6709208
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tran DH, Schonewille JT, Pukkung C, Khempaka S. Growth performance and accretion of selected amino acids in response to three levels of dietary lysine fed to fast- and slow-growing broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100998. [PMID: 33610901 PMCID: PMC7905463 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature data indicate that feed intake is sensitive to the dietary Lys content particularly in fast-growing birds. From a conceptual and a practical viewpoint, an interaction between genotype (i.e., fast-growing vs. slow-growing birds) and dietary Lys content is of interest, but it needs confirmation owing to a dearth of studies addressing this issue. A study was conducted with 266 Cobb 500 birds and 266 Thai native crossbreed birds serving as models for fast-growing broilers (FGB) and slow-growing broilers (SGB), respectively. Within genotype, chicks were randomly allocated to diets containing either a high (H-LYS = 1.36%), medium (1.17%), or low Lys (1.01%) content. Growth performance and the accretion of protein and selected amino acids were determined in birds from 1 to 21 d of age. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design with 6 replications/treatment. Low Lys vs. H-LYS caused a 42.1% lower feed intake in FGB (P < 0.001), but not in SGB (P = 0.596). The feed conversion ratio (FCR (g feed/g BW gain)) was lowest in FGB (P < 0.001) and increased with decreasing dietary Lys contents (P < 0.001). The Lys induced increase in FCR, however, was more pronounced in SGB (P = 0.025). The absolute protein gain (g/bird) was influenced by the Lys content of feed and decreased by ∼54% and ∼23% in FGB and SGB, respectively (P < 0.001). The efficiency (% of intake) of protein accretion was found to be greater in FGB (P ≤ 0.001) and decreased with decreasing dietary Lys (P ≤ 0.001). The efficiency of Lys accretion was found to be negatively affected by the dietary Lys content in FGB (P < 0.001) but not SGB (Pgenotype × dietary Lys = 0.008). It can be concluded that a dietary Lys content of 1.01% does not safeguard both growth performance and body protein accretion efficiency in both FGB and SGB. The suboptimal growth performance in FGB, but not SGB, is partially counteracted by a Lys-induced reduction in feed intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Tran
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - J Th Schonewille
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Pukkung
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - S Khempaka
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pellattiero E, Tasoniero G, Cullere M, Gleeson E, Baldan G, Contiero B, Dalle Zotte A. Are Meat Quality Traits and Sensory Attributes in Favor of Slow-Growing Chickens? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E960. [PMID: 32486516 PMCID: PMC7341280 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study compared certain quality features and sensory attributes of the meat obtained from three different chicken genotypes: two endangered slow-growing indigenous breeds (Padovana: PAD, Polverara: POL) and a commercial broiler (Hybrid). Chickens (n = 42/genotype) were slaughtered at their commercial slaughter age: 183 days for PAD and POL chickens, and 35 days for the Hybrid. Breast and leg meat were dissected and used for qualitative evaluations. Results highlighted that genotype significantly affected final breast weight, with Hybrid showing higher values than both indigenous chickens. Conversely, PAD and POL meat was instrumentally tougher and richer in haem iron compared to the Hybrid. The sensory analysis conducted by a trained panel showed that the textural aspects and metallic flavor perception of PAD and POL meat differed from that of the Hybrid. These aspects were probably responsible for the lower overall acceptability of the PAD and POL meat compared to the Hybrid, as expressed by the consumer panel. A key step in making PAD and POL meat acceptable to consumers and stimulating its market seems thus the development of appropriate marketing strategies to transform product peculiarities in strength points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pellattiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, viale dell’ Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (P.D.), Italy; (E.P.); (G.T.); (E.G.); (B.C.); (A.D.Z.)
| | - Giulia Tasoniero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, viale dell’ Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (P.D.), Italy; (E.P.); (G.T.); (E.G.); (B.C.); (A.D.Z.)
| | - Marco Cullere
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, viale dell’ Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (P.D.), Italy; (E.P.); (G.T.); (E.G.); (B.C.); (A.D.Z.)
| | - Elizabeth Gleeson
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, viale dell’ Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (P.D.), Italy; (E.P.); (G.T.); (E.G.); (B.C.); (A.D.Z.)
| | - Gabriele Baldan
- Agricultural High School “San Benedetto da Norcia”, Via delle Cave 172, 35136 Padova, Italy;
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, viale dell’ Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (P.D.), Italy; (E.P.); (G.T.); (E.G.); (B.C.); (A.D.Z.)
| | - Antonella Dalle Zotte
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, viale dell’ Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (P.D.), Italy; (E.P.); (G.T.); (E.G.); (B.C.); (A.D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dalle Zotte A, Gleeson E, Franco D, Cullere M, Lorenzo JM. Proximate Composition, Amino Acid Profile, and Oxidative Stability of Slow-Growing Indigenous Chickens Compared with Commercial Broiler Chickens. Foods 2020; 9:E546. [PMID: 32369907 PMCID: PMC7278859 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased demand for chicken meat products has led to chickens with increased growth rates and heavier slaughter weights. This has had unintentional negative effects on the genetics of these animals, such as spontaneous, idiopathic muscle abnormalities. There has also been a shift in customer preference towards products from alternative farming systems such as organic and free-range. Indigenous purebred chickens, such as the Polverara, show potential in these systems as they are adapted to more extensive systems. The aim of the present study was to characterize the meat quality traits of the Polverara, by comparing the proximate composition and amino acid profile with that of a commercial Hybrid. In addition, the lipid and protein oxidation was analyzed after eight days of storage. A total of 120 leg meat samples, 60 Polverara and 60 Hybrid were analyzed. Polverara exhibited higher protein content, lower lipid content, and a better amino acid profile. These results indicate that the Polverara has better nutritional meat quality. However, Polverara also showed higher levels of lipid and protein oxidation. Therefore, further research is needed, especially in regards to the fatty acid profile and mineral content of the meat, which is known to affect oxidative stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Dalle Zotte
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis 16, Viale dell’Università, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elizabeth Gleeson
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis 16, Viale dell’Università, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrán das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (D.F.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Marco Cullere
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis 16, Viale dell’Università, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.)
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrán das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (D.F.); (J.M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dalle Zotte A, Ricci R, Cullere M, Serva L, Tenti S, Marchesini G. Research Note: Effect of chicken genotype and white striping-wooden breast condition on breast meat proximate composition and amino acid profile. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1797-1803. [PMID: 32115042 PMCID: PMC7587648 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present experiment compared the proximate composition, the amino acid content, and profile of the breast meat of a commercial broiler hybrid (Hybrid-Normal) vs. a broiler hybrid affected by the simultaneous presence of white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB) myopathies (Hybrid-WSWB) vs. the Italian purebred Polverara chicken (Polverara). To this purpose, a total of n = 30 breast meat cuts from male chickens/group were subjected to meat quality evaluations. Chickens were slaughtered at their commercial age. The meat of the Polverara breed showed the highest protein (P < 0.0001) and the lowest lipids (P < 0.0001) contents, whereas that of the Hybrid-WSWB broiler chickens had the lowest protein and ash (P < 0.0001) contents and the highest (P < 0.0001) amount of fat. Meat of Hybrid-Normal chickens displayed intermediate values. Polverara meat was the richest in most amino acids (g/100 g meat), whereas Hybrid-WSWB one had the lowest content (P < 0.0001). Taurine was not detected in the meat of the Polverara chicken. The meat of Hybrid-Normal chickens was the richest in valine and taurine amino acids (P < 0.0001). Results on the amino acids proportions (% of total amino acids) highlighted that lysine, arginine, leucine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, and serine were the most representative essential and nonessential amino acids, respectively, in all 3 meat-types chickens. The study confirmed that WS and WB myopathies negatively affect the meat proximate composition and the amino acid content. The meat of the Polverara breed displayed a remarkable meat quality including a high protein content of very good quality. This may represent a tool to promote its meat among consumers and help the survival of this endangered breed. Furthermore, research efforts should be conducted to understand why taurine was absent in the breast meat of Polverara chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Dalle Zotte
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ricci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Cullere
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Serva
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandro Tenti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marchesini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|