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Rasheed U, Khan S, Khalid M, Noor A, Zafar S. A systemic analysis of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease cases in Asia. Prion 2024; 18:11-27. [PMID: 38323574 PMCID: PMC10854368 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2024.2311950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder, also known as a subacute spongiform encephalopathy. There are three major subtypes of CJD i.e. Sporadic CJD, which occurs for reasons unbeknown to science (85% of known cases), Genetic or Familial CJD which is characterized by the presence of mutations in the human prion protein (PRNP) gene (10-15% cases) and Iatrogenic CJD that occurs via accidental transmission through medical and surgical procedures (1-2% cases). CJD cases occur globally with 1 case per one million population/year. Considerable data is available related to the incidence and prevalence of CJD in Europe and America. However, the global surveillance database is yet to include Asia even though several Asian countries have their own CJD monitoring units. sCJD is the highest among all CJD cases in Asia. China (1957) and Japan (1705) have reported more cases of sCJD than any Asian country and Hong Kong (1) has reported the least. On the other hand, gCJD is highest in Japan (370) and least in India (2). Our analysis establishes the presence of all variants of CJD across Asia. However, in most Asian countries in general and Southeast Asian countries in particular, CJD cases are misdiagnosed and often underreported. Since Asia is the most populated continent in the world, the actual global prevalence of CJD cannot be estimated until and unless these countries are accounted for. Concrete and reliable surveillance networks are needed across Asia to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of CJD in the region. [Figure: see text]The graphical abstract demonstrates the prevalence of CJD cases in the world and systematically analyses the incidence of CJD in Asian countries between the year 1986-2022. Highest number of cases were reported in Japan followed by China. The study emphasizes the need for assimilation of Asian data in global prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urwah Rasheed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Minahil Khalid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Noor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Clinical Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen and the German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert, Germany
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Xiao K, Pang MF, Zhao YQ, Gao LP, Wu YZ, Wang Y, Shi Q, Dong XP. Difference of geographic distributions of the Chinese patients with prion diseases in the permanent resident places and referring places. Prion 2022; 16:58-65. [PMID: 35638100 PMCID: PMC9176242 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2022.2080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human prion diseases (PrDs) are a group of transmissible neurodegenerative diseases that can be clarified as sporadic, genetic and iatrogenic forms. In this study, we have analysed the time and geographic distributions of 2011 PrD cases diagnosed by China National Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CNS-CJD) since 2006, including 1792 sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases and 219 gPrD cases. Apparently, the cases numbers of both sCJD and gPrD increased along with the surveillance years, showing a stepping up every five years. The geographic distributions of the PrDs cases based on the permanent residences were wide, distributing in 30 out of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in Chinese mainland. However, the case numbers in the provincial level varied largely. The provinces in the eastern part of China had much more cases than those in the western part. Normalized the case numbers with the total population each province revealed higher incidences in six provinces. Further, the resident and referring places of all PrD cases were analysed, illustrating a clear concentrating pattern of referring in the large metropolises. Five provincial-level administrative divisions reported more PrD cases from other provinces than the local ones. Particularly, BJ reported not only more than one-fourth of all PrDs cases in Chinese mainland but also 3.64-fold more PrDs cases from other provinces than its local ones. We believed that good medical resources, well-trained programmes and knowledge of PrDs in the clinicians and the CDC staffs contributed to well-referring PrD cases in those large cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Fan Pang
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Qiao Zhao
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China.,Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xiao K, Zhou W, Gao LP, Wu YZ, Wang Y, Chen C, Gao C, Shi Q, Dong XP. Clinical and Laboratory Features of Three Rare Chinese V210I gCJD Patients. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100800. [PMID: 32998248 PMCID: PMC7601525 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic human prion diseases are a group of inherited encephalopathies directly associated with different mutations in PrP-encoding gene PRNP, including more than 50 different mutations worldwide. Some genotypes of mutations show ethno-correlation, and among them, genetic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (gCJD) with V210I mutation is frequent in European countries but rare in East Asia. Here, we comparatively analyzed the clinical and laboratory features of three Chinese patients with V210I mutant identified via the Chinese National CJD Surveillance System (CNS-CJD) in 2019. Two cases were Han Chinese and one was Hui Chinese, without blood kinship. The onset ages of three cases were 69, 64, and 59 years old, respectively. The clinical features of V210I gCJD were similar to sporadic CJD (sCJD), displaying typical clinical symptoms and signs, except that Case 3 did not show myoclonic movement. All three cases displayed sCJD-associated abnormalities on MRI and positive CSF 14-3-3, while two cases recorded typical EEG abnormalities. Only one case was positive in CSF real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). Appearances of mutism in three cases were relatively fast, with the intervals of 30 to 50 days after onset. Family history was not reported in all three cases. Those V210I gCJD cases are rare in China, and probably the first three in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (W.Z.); (L.-P.G.); (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (W.Z.); (L.-P.G.); (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (W.Z.); (L.-P.G.); (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (W.Z.); (L.-P.G.); (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (W.Z.); (L.-P.G.); (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (W.Z.); (L.-P.G.); (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (W.Z.); (L.-P.G.); (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (W.Z.); (L.-P.G.); (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimeinei, South Rd 16, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (X.-P.D.); Fax: +86-10-58900815 (X.-P.D.)
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (W.Z.); (L.-P.G.); (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.W.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimeinei, South Rd 16, Beijing 100700, China
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (X.-P.D.); Fax: +86-10-58900815 (X.-P.D.)
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Wang J, Xiao K, Zhou W, Shi Q, Dong XP. Analysis of 12 Chinese Patients with Proline-to-Leucine Mutation at Codon 102-Associated Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease. J Clin Neurol 2019; 15:184-190. [PMID: 30877692 PMCID: PMC6444146 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2019.15.2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) with a proline-to-leucine mutation at codon 102 (P102L) in the PRNP gene is the most frequently reported GSS subtype worldwide. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical, genetic, and laboratory characteristics of 12 Chinese patients with P102L-associated GSS (henceforth P102L GSS). Methods The enrolled P102L GSS cases were analyzed according to the diagnostic criteria for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) issued by the China National Health Commission. Results The median onset age was 50 years (range 34 to 67 years) and sex ratio was 1:2 (males:females). Most patients displayed more than one foremost symptom. Movement symptoms were frequently reported (9 of the 12 cases), followed by rapidly progressing dementia (7 cases), mental problems (5 cases), and slowly progressing dementia (2 cases). Almost all cases displayed more sporadic CJD (sCJD)-associated neurological symptoms and signs as time progressed. Five (45.5%) of 11 cases were cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 positive, and 2 (25%) of 8 cases exhibited periodic sharp wave complexes in electroencephalograms. MRI abnormalities were detected in all 11 of the scanned patients. Methionine homozygous genotype at codon 129 (M129M) and glutamic acid homozygous at codon 219 (E219E) homozygosity was present in 11 cases, while 1 case was M129M homozygous and glutamic acid/lysine heterozygous at codon 219 (E219K) heterozygous. Ten of the 12 cases recalled a disease-related family history during the clinical interviews. The median survival from symptom onset of the seven dead cases was 16 months (range 10 to 44 months). Patients showing the sCJD phenotype (rapidly progressing dementia) appeared to be associated with a shorter survival time. Conclusions The indistinguishable clinical features of P102L GSS patients with sCJD, especially in the early stage, support the importance of PRNP testing for diagnosing GSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center of Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Gao LP, Shi Q, Xiao K, Wang J, Zhou W, Chen C, Dong XP. The genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with E200K mutation: analysis of clinical, genetic and laboratory features of 30 Chinese patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1836. [PMID: 30755683 PMCID: PMC6372685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) with E200K mutation is one of the common subtypes of human genetic prion diseases worldwide. In this study, we systematically analyzed 30 Chinese E200K gCJD cases for their epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and genetic features. The patients came from 12 different provinces, majority in northern part of China. The onset age varied from 42 to 71 year-old (y), with the median of was 57 y. The CYP4X1 gene rs9793471 SNP was tested. Only one patient’s rs9793471 genotype was GA and the others’ were AA. The gender ratio (M: F) was 1:1.73 (11:19). The foremost symptoms and clinical progression of Chinese E200K gCJD patients were quite similar as sporadic CJD cases. Only a few cases (4/30) recalled clearly disease related family history. 74.1% (20/27), 86.7% (26/30) and 50.0% (13/26) of the cases were CSF 14-3-3 positive, sCJD associated abnormalities on MRI and special PSWC on EEG, respectively. The median clinical duration was 9 months (varying from 2 to 26 months). All 30 Chinese E200K gCJD patients were M129M and E219E homozygous. 21 members from 3 families conducted PRNP sequencing and 16 asymptomatic carriers of E200K mutation with M129M and E219E homozygous were identified. This is the largest study on E200K gCJD patients in China, which would benefit to the knowledge of E200K gCJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Center of Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Xiao K, Shi Q, Zhou W, Gao C, Chen C, Zhang BY, Wang J, Dong XP. Evaluation of the effect of various main elements on the PrPSc detection by real-time quaking-induced conversion assay. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3231-3237. [PMID: 30221654 PMCID: PMC6202096 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to definitively diagnosis sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), brain tissue is currently required. Therefore, there is a great need for tests that can detect sCJD in body fluids or other types of tissues. Different variables, including the amount of recombinant celluar prion protein (rPrPC), salt, cleaning surfactants and thioflavin T (ThT), in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated. The reagent concentrations of 1X PBS, 170 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.01 mM ThT and 0.001% SDS, and the amounts of 10 µg rPrPC and 10 µl CSF were considered to be optimal for the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay. Using these conditions, the RT-QuIC assay for prion protein (PrPSc) detection was observed to be sensitive to 10−8 diluted brain homogenates of hamsters infected with the 263K scrapie strain. Furthermore, CSF samples from 70 probable sCJD cases and 48 non-CJD cases were preliminarily screened. A substantial proportion of sCJD samples (57.14%) tested positive by RT-QuIC, with a short lag phase (<50 h post-reaction) and high peak ThT values (>25,000 relative fluorescence units). By contrast, only a small number of non-CJD samples displayed weakly positive results, and these were detected at a later stage (>50 h post-reaction) and had much lower ThT values. In conclusion, the RT-QuIC assay in CSF samples reported in the present study may provide a useful pre-mortem tool for the diagnosis of sCJD, particularly in China where postmortem examination is rarely conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Wang J, Xiao K, Zhou W, Gao C, Chen C, Shi Q, Dong XP. A Chinese patient of P102L Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease contains three other disease-associated mutations in SYNE1. Prion 2018; 12:150-155. [PMID: 29509064 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2018.1447733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) with the P102L mutation in PRNP gene is characterized with progressive cerebellar dysfunction clinically and PrPSc plaques neurologically. Due to the cerebellar ataxia in the early stage, GSS P102L is often misdiagnosed as other neurodegenerative disorders. We presented here a 49-year-old female patient with proven P102L PRNP mutation, and three heterologous mutations in hereditary ataxias associated gene SYNE1, including p.V3643L, p.M3376V and p.T2860A. The patient appeared progressive unsteady gait in early stage and developed the Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) - associated clinical manifestations, including progressive dementia, myoclonus, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs. She is still alive but with akinetic mutism 21 months after onset. Observation of intense signal changes in cortical regions (cortical ribboning) in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) MRI scanning and positive protein 14-3-3 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proposed the diagnosis of sporadic CJD. The final diagnosis of P102L GSS was made after PRNP sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing , China
| | - Kang Xiao
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing , China
| | - Chen Gao
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing , China
| | - Cao Chen
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing , China
| | - Qi Shi
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing , China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) , National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing , China.,b Center of Global Public Health , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing , China
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Liu Q, Xu W, Lu S, Jiang J, Zhou J, Shao Z, Liu X, Xu L, Xiong Y, Zheng H, Jin S, Jiang H, Cao W, Xu J. Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior. Front Med 2018; 12:3-22. [PMID: 29368266 PMCID: PMC7089168 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jieping Zhou
- The Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zhujun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Sun Jin
- The Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.,State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wuchun Cao
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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9
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Gao C, Shi Q, Wei J, Zhou W, Xiao K, Wang J, Shi Q, Dong XP. The associations of two SNPs in miRNA-146a and one SNP in ZBTB38-RASA2 with the disease susceptibility and the clinical features of the Chinese patients of sCJD and FFI. Prion 2018; 12:34-41. [PMID: 29216791 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017.1405885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals. Besides of the pathological agent, prion, there are some elements that can influence or determine susceptibility to prion infection and the clinical phenotype of the diseases, e.g., the polymorphism in PRNP gene. Another polymorphism in ZBTB38-RASA2 has been observed to be associated with the susceptibility of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (sCJD) in UK. MicroRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by targeting mRNAs and triggering either translation repression or RNA degradation. In this study, two polymorphic loci in miR-146a (rs2910164 and rs57095329) and one locus in ZBTB38-RASA2 (rs295301) of 561 Chinese patients of sCJD and 31 cases of fatal familial insomnia (FFI) were screened by PCR and sequencing. Our data did not figure out any association of those three SNPs with the susceptibility of sCJD. However, a significant association of the SNP of rs57095329 in miR-146a showed the association with the susceptibility of FFI. Additionally, the SNP of rs57095329 showed statistical significances with the appearances of mutism and the positive of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein 14-3-3 in sCJD patients, while the SNP of ZBTB38-RASA2 was significantly related with the appearance of myoclonus in sCJD patients. It indicates that the SNPs of ZBTB38-RASA2 and miR-146a are not associated with the susceptibility of the Chinese sCJD patients, but may influence the appearances of clinical manifestations somehow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Shi
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Xiao
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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